Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organists'
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Weitner, Carol A. "Jacques Nicolas Lemmens : organist, pedagogue, composer /." Digitized version, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/3220.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references. Digitized version available online via the Sibley Music Library, Eastman School of Music http://hdl.handle.net/1802/3220
Havenstein, Christina. "Addressing performance anxiety in organists through pedagogical guidance." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46021.
Full textDissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
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Dillard, E. Margo (Edna Margo). "An Epidemiological Survey of Musculoskeletal Pain Among a Self-Selected Population of Organists." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935779/.
Full textWelzel, Martin. "Jeanne Demessieux (1921-1968) : a critical examination of her life /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11267.
Full textQuinn, Iain James Thomas. "A higher calling : the lofty ideals of Victorian organists." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3919/.
Full textBrowne, Nigel. "Organs, organ-builders and organists in nineteenth-century Devon." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425289.
Full textSykes, Ingrid Julia. "Female piety and the organ : nineteenth century French women organists." Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269452.
Full textHayden, Andrew. "The organs and organists of St Nicholas, Great Yarmouth, 1733-1894." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/116729/.
Full textTebbet, Roger Dixon. "Prince of organists : W.T. Best (1826-1897) and the spirit of Victorian enterprise." Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9800/.
Full textVan, Rooyen Hentus. "The Keyboard Toccatas of Michelangelo Rossi (ca. 1602-1656): Performance Perspectives for Organists." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609112/.
Full textBrito, Carlos Renato de Lima. "Aprendizagem de música no cotidiano das organistas da Congregação Cristã no Brasil em Juazeiro do Norte." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8407.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Christian Congregation in Brazil is an Evangelical Pentecostal Church, founded in 1910, in São Paulo. Today it is present throughout Brazil and in other countries. There are several reasons why this church has a significant place in teaching and learning music, among which may be mentioned: a division of labor between men and women in the execution of hymns during services, the presence of a set curriculum for training musicians in the Church and the way in which the institution is committed to maintaining a music ministry. This study investigated the music education of the organists of the Christian Congregation in Brazil, using case study as a methodological approach. The interviews with the ten organists who participated in the survey were conducted according to the procedures of collection and analysis of data in comprehensive interviews (KAUFFMANN, 2013). Procedures of documentary research (SA-SILVA; ALMEIDA; GUINDANI, 2009) were also adopted to better understand the Constitution of the Christian Congregation and the teaching materials adopted in their music education. Based on Berger and Luckmann's (1983) ideas of daily life, of primary and secondary socialization, of institutionalization and of social role, this study had the general objective to understand the process of learning music of the organists of the Christian Congregation in Brazil in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. The specific objectives were to become acquainted with the music education in the Christian Congregation in Brazil and the relationship it has with the music learning of the organists, as well as reflect on the social role of the organists in the Church and the influence this has on the music learning being studied. As a result of this study, it was noted that the music learning process of the organists can be described as familial, religious and institutional. Most of the organists interviewed start learning music at home; these musical experiences play a big part in their memories: their parents' demands regarding practice of the instrument and the times when the family would gather to play. The experience of learning music in the Church is interlaced with the religion professed by the organists, so that learning music is interpreted in terms of the Christian faith. Admission into the Church's music lessons through a vocational direction, the guidance of the instructors for a life "more dedicated to God" and coping with learning difficulties from the perspective of a "dependence on God" are examples of this learning method influenced by religion. In addition, the music learning of the organists is institutional in the sense of being directed by a "minimum program" stipulated by the Church, and the internalization of a social role that is well-defined by the group. These aspects of the organists' music education are interconnected and form a complex phenomenon, considering the social and subjective dynamics of this context.
A Congregação Cristã no Brasil é uma Igreja Evangélica Pentecostal, fundada em 1910, na cidade de São Paulo. Hoje ela está presente em todo Brasil e em outros países. Algumas razões fazem com que essa Igreja possua um significativo espaço de ensino e de aprendizagem de música, dentre as quais podem ser citadas: uma divisão de tarefas entre homens e mulheres na execução dos hinos durante os cultos, a presença de um currículo definido para formação dos músicos na Igreja e o modo como a instituição está comprometida na manutenção de um ministério de música. Nesse contexto, foi realizada uma pesquisa que investigou a aprendizagem de música das organistas da Congregação Cristã no Brasil, tendo o estudo de caso como abordagem metodológica. Foram utilizados procedimentos de coleta e de análise de dados da entrevista compreensiva (KAUFFMANN, 2013) nas entrevistas com as dez organistas participantes da pesquisa. Foram adotados também procedimentos da pesquisa documental (SÁ-SILVA; ALMEIDA; GUINDANI, 2009), para conhecer melhor o Estatuto da Congregação Cristã e os materiais didáticos por ela adotados no ensino de música. Com base nas ideias de cotidiano, socialização primária, socialização secundária, institucionalização e papel social, de Berger e Luckmann (1983), a pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender como se dá a aprendizagem de música das organistas da Congregação Cristã no Brasil na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Estado do Ceará. Os objetivos específicos foram conhecer o ensino de música na Congregação Cristã no Brasil e a relação que o mesmo tem com a aprendizagem de música das organistas, bem como refletir sobre o papel social exercido pelas organistas na Igreja e a influência desse papel sobre a aprendizagem de música em questão. Como resultados da investigação, notou-se que a aprendizagem de música das organistas pode ser descrita como familiar, religiosa e institucional. A maioria das organistas entrevistadas começa a aprender música em casa, fazendo parte da memória das organistas as experiências musicais vivenciadas nesse contexto, a cobrança dos pais no estudo do instrumento e as ocasiões em que a família se reunia para tocar. A aprendizagem de música na Igreja é vivenciada de modo entrelaçado com a religião que as organistas professam, de modo que o aprendizado de música é interpretado nos termos da fé cristã. O ingresso nas aulas de música da Igreja por uma direção vocacional, as orientações das instrutoras para uma vida “mais dedicada a Deus” e o enfrentamento das dificuldades de aprendizagem na perspectiva de uma “dependência de Deus” são exemplos dessa aprendizagem influenciada pela religião. Além disso, a aprendizagem de música das organistas é institucional no sentido de ser direcionada por um “programa mínimo” estipulado pela Igreja e na interiorização de um papel social bem definido pelo grupo. Esses aspectos da aprendizagem de música das organistas são encontrados interligados e formam um fenômeno complexo, considerando as dinâmicas sociais e subjetivas desse contexto.
Rees, Robin Lodowick Douglas. "The role of music and musicians in current English parish church worship : the attitudes of clergy and organists." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1808/.
Full textStone, Justin. "The changing fortunes of the organ: the viewpoints of church organists in the Anglican churches of Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23502.
Full textFreke, Martin John. "Organists in the Church of England, 1950-1999 : an ethnographic and contextual study in relation to the dioceses of Bristol and Bath and Wells." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431154.
Full textCrichton, Ian Kieran. "The most divine of all Arts: Neoplatonism, Anglo-Catholicism and music in the published writings of A E H Nickson." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2004. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/b2134b30b803b2152f4d5aed61004b1e5e0bae0629fc29cc728863de9adbd004/1228664/64835_downloaded_stream_60.pdf.
Full textCrichton, Ian Kieran, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Most Divine Of All Arts: Neoplatonism, Anglo-Catholicism and Music in the Published Writings of A E H Nickson." Australian Catholic University. School of Music, 2004. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp66.25092005.
Full textSauter, Jaqueline Moura sa Silva. "A adaptação da organista à atualização do hinário da Igreja Congregação Cristã no Brasil : um estudo preliminar com estratégias para sua aprendizagem." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179465.
Full textThis work aims to investigate the adaptation of the organist of the Christian Congregation Church of Brazil in relation to the modifications in the new hymnal (No. 5), as well as the impact it has had on the way the organists study the new and old (and altered) hymns. The addition of the third staff has also been investigated. Two questionnaires, as a basis for the study, were sent to women organists (since only women are allowed to play the organ): a group of Official organists with a great deal of experience with Hymnal No. 4, and beginner organists (Apprentices), who had only studied Hymnal No. 5. The Official organists reported that many still present difficulties playing the altered hymns of the latest edition because of the differences between the left hand and pedal. The Apprentices admitted not having any problems since they never came in contact with other editions of the hymnal. Considering that the Christian Congregation Church of Brazil only allows hymns to be performed during services, exercises were elaborated to help them adapt to the new hymnal, since in 194 of the 480 hymns, the lower note of the left hand and the pedal are not the same for several measures. The material presented is intended to aid mainly the Official organists, however, it may be utilized by all organists as a source for the many different types of hymns.
Bonnefille, Bénilde. "Evaluation de l’approche métabolomique pour l’étude de la métabolisation et des effets du diclofénac chez la moule méditerranéenne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT085/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis describes an investigation of the metabolomic approach performances to characterize the pharmaceuticals environmental exposure and effects in non target organisms. The studied pharmaceutical was diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug recently included in the first watch list of the European Water Framework Directive (2015/495/EC), and the model organism was the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The methodological approach combines target and non-targeted analysis of endogenous and exogenous metabolites in mussel, the endo- and the xeno-metabolome. DCF effects in mussel were investigated considering its known mode of action in human: the prostaglandins (PG) synthesis modulation. In aquatic organisms, PGs are involved in various biological functions, such as reproduction or osmoregulation. This targeted analysis allowed us to determine a PGE2 synthesis disruption with DCF exposure. Otherwise, little information is available about DCF biotransformation in invertebrates. To study DCF biotransformation in mussel, the application of a non-targeted approach seemed promising. This study allows the reveal 13 DCF metabolites formation of which 3 were phase I metabolites and 10 were phase II metabolites. Among them, 5 were described for the first time. Subsequently, the mussel’s endo-metabolome study showed the modulation of two pathways: the tyrosine and the tryptophan metabolism. Inside these pathways, the catecholamines and serotonin appeared as particularly impacted. In mussels, these compounds are involved in important biological functions: the osmoregulation and the reproduction. Such DCF effects are in accordance with those reported in other study conducted on aquatic organisms. The work conducted highlighted the relevance and pertinence of the metabolomic approach as a tool for environmental studies without a priori hypothesis, such as studying the biotransformation and unexpected effects of pharmaceuticals in non-target organisms
Siebert, Tiago Henrique [UNESP]. "Análise do período de defeso do camarão marinho Artemesia longinaris através da maturidade ovariana anual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86662.
Full textO Artemesia longinaris é endêmica nas águas costeiras do Atlântico Sul, e ocorre a partir da costa do Rio de Janeiro até Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Assim, considerando a exploração das espécies naturais, é necessário estudar a dinâmica reprodutiva para a renovação do estoque natural da espécie, e contribuir para a adequação do fechamento da pesca. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar morfologicamente os diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento dos ovócitos, a maturação dos ovários durante todo o ano, e a avaliação do fechamento de pesca atual para a espécie na região de Macaé / RJ. Para a análise de microscopia de luz (histologia e histoquímica), seis animais de cada estágio de maturação gonadal (rudimentar - RU, em desenvolvimento - ED e desenvolvidos -D) foram coletados na região de Macaé, RJ. Os ovários foram dissecados e fixados em solução de Bouin, incluídos em historesina, corados com hematoxilina / eosina e reação ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). Para a avaliação do período de pesca, usamos fêmeas com gônadas desenvolvidas (D) na primavera, verão, inverno e outono. O número de ovócitos maduros encontrados em cada espécime estudado foi contado ao longo do ano usando o software ImageJ®. Em seguida, o número médio de ovócitos maduros encontrados foi avaliado em cada estação do ano, com o programa SigmaPlot® versão 12. O ovário de A. longinaris apresenta quatro estágios de maturação: rudimentar, desenvolvimento inicial, desenvolvimento avançado e desenvolvido. As células germinativas apresentam cinco fases de desenvolvimento: ovogônias, ovócitos pré-vitelogênicos, ovócitos em vitelogênese inicial, ovócitos em vitelogênese avançado e ovócitos maduros. Novembro apresentou a maior média de ovócitos maduros nos ovários desenvolvidos. Assim a avaliação do...
Artemesia longinaris is endemic in the coastal waters of the South Atlantic, and occurs from the coast of Rio de Janeiro to Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Thus, considering the exploitation of natural species, it is necessary to study the reproductive dynamics for the renewal of the natural stock of the specie, and contribute to the adequacy of the fishing closure. The aim of this study was to characterize morphologically the different developmental stages of oocytes, ovarian maturation throughout the year, and the evaluation of current fishing closure for the species in the region of Macaé/RJ. For analysis of light microscopy (histology and histochemistry), 6 animals of each stage of gonadal maturation (rudimentary - RU, in development - ED and developed -D) were collected in the region of Macaé, RJ. The ovaries were dissected and fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in historesin, stained with hematoxylin/eosin and reacted to Periodic acid Schiff (PAS). For the evaluation of the fishery period, we used females with developed gonads (D) in spring, winter, summer and autumn. The number of mature oocytes found in each specimen studied was counted over the year using the ImageJ software®. Then, the average number of mature oocytes found was evaluated in each season, with the program SigmaPlot® version 12. The ovary of A. longinaris presents four stages of maturation: rudimentary, initial development, advanced development and developed. The germinal cells present five development phases: oogonia, pre-vitellogenic oocytes, initial-vitellogenic oocyte, advanced vitellogenic oocyte, and mature oocyte. November had the highest average of mature oocytes in the ovaries developed. The annual reproductive cycle assessment indicated that the most appropriate period for fishing closures for this species is from November to January... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Siebert, Tiago Henrique. "Análise do período de defeso do camarão marinho Artemesia longinaris através da maturidade ovariana anual /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86662.
Full textCoorientador: Rogério Caetano da Costa
Banca: Maíra Aparecida Stefanini
Banca: Bruno Cesar Schimming
Resumo: O Artemesia longinaris é endêmica nas águas costeiras do Atlântico Sul, e ocorre a partir da costa do Rio de Janeiro até Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Assim, considerando a exploração das espécies naturais, é necessário estudar a dinâmica reprodutiva para a renovação do estoque natural da espécie, e contribuir para a adequação do fechamento da pesca. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar morfologicamente os diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento dos ovócitos, a maturação dos ovários durante todo o ano, e a avaliação do fechamento de pesca atual para a espécie na região de Macaé / RJ. Para a análise de microscopia de luz (histologia e histoquímica), seis animais de cada estágio de maturação gonadal (rudimentar - RU, em desenvolvimento - ED e desenvolvidos -D) foram coletados na região de Macaé, RJ. Os ovários foram dissecados e fixados em solução de Bouin, incluídos em historesina, corados com hematoxilina / eosina e reação ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). Para a avaliação do período de pesca, usamos fêmeas com gônadas desenvolvidas (D) na primavera, verão, inverno e outono. O número de ovócitos maduros encontrados em cada espécime estudado foi contado ao longo do ano usando o software ImageJ®. Em seguida, o número médio de ovócitos maduros encontrados foi avaliado em cada estação do ano, com o programa SigmaPlot® versão 12. O ovário de A. longinaris apresenta quatro estágios de maturação: rudimentar, desenvolvimento inicial, desenvolvimento avançado e desenvolvido. As células germinativas apresentam cinco fases de desenvolvimento: ovogônias, ovócitos pré-vitelogênicos, ovócitos em vitelogênese inicial, ovócitos em vitelogênese avançado e ovócitos maduros. Novembro apresentou a maior média de ovócitos maduros nos ovários desenvolvidos. Assim a avaliação do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Artemesia longinaris is endemic in the coastal waters of the South Atlantic, and occurs from the coast of Rio de Janeiro to Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Thus, considering the exploitation of natural species, it is necessary to study the reproductive dynamics for the renewal of the natural stock of the specie, and contribute to the adequacy of the fishing closure. The aim of this study was to characterize morphologically the different developmental stages of oocytes, ovarian maturation throughout the year, and the evaluation of current fishing closure for the species in the region of Macaé/RJ. For analysis of light microscopy (histology and histochemistry), 6 animals of each stage of gonadal maturation (rudimentary - RU, in development - ED and developed -D) were collected in the region of Macaé, RJ. The ovaries were dissected and fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in historesin, stained with hematoxylin/eosin and reacted to Periodic acid Schiff (PAS). For the evaluation of the fishery period, we used females with developed gonads (D) in spring, winter, summer and autumn. The number of mature oocytes found in each specimen studied was counted over the year using the ImageJ software®. Then, the average number of mature oocytes found was evaluated in each season, with the program SigmaPlot® version 12. The ovary of A. longinaris presents four stages of maturation: rudimentary, initial development, advanced development and developed. The germinal cells present five development phases: oogonia, pre-vitellogenic oocytes, initial-vitellogenic oocyte, advanced vitellogenic oocyte, and mature oocyte. November had the highest average of mature oocytes in the ovaries developed. The annual reproductive cycle assessment indicated that the most appropriate period for fishing closures for this species is from November to January... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Enaux, Christophe. "Essai de modelisation spatio-temporelle des flux de deplacements de travail exemple de la region urbaine strasbourgeoise de 1975 a 1990." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR1GE04.
Full textThis study consists in an attempt of spatio-temporal modelisation of the journey-to-work flows. It is based on the main phenomenons contributing to the modification of the journey flows. The model, which is a prototype, thus takes into account the process of junction between work supply and demand, the spatial relocalisation of populations and economic activities, as well as retirement, mortality and occupational mobility. The flows dynamic is generated through the integration of spatial and temporal modelisation tools. The resulting mathematic model has been applied to the strasbourg urban region delimitated by a criteria of the intensity of links between the spatial units of the bas-rhin county. The estimated results of the evolution of the journey-to-work flows on a fifteen-year period seem acceptable. The model "simflux" provides a satisfying spatial interaction estimation between the zones of the studied area. However, some problems can be noticed. It presents a tendency to overestimates the flows between the neighbouring spatial units, whereas it underestimates those between much further zones. Complementary applications and callibrations are necessary to determine the descriptive quality of the journey-to-work flows evolution of the various mechanisms introduced in the model
Boonzaaier, Devandre. "A theoretical study on the Alexander technique for the organ." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015727.
Full textBurghart, Rice Heike S. "Music for Organ and Electronics: Repertory, Notation, and Performance Practice." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428047354.
Full textBraña, Glenda Morais Rocha. "Estudo bioético exploratório das aprovações comerciais dos organismos geneticamente modificados pelo organismo regulador brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2011. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/9151.
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No contexto moderno de constantes inovações tecnológicas, surge a preocupação de como o homem se relaciona com o ambiente no qual se insere. Na seara do meio ambiente genético, as descobertas trouxeram à tona a modificação genética de plantas sob os mais variados argumentos. Diversas são as posições, ora a favor, ora contra a liberação de organismos geneticamente modificados (GM) no ambiente. Contudo, o problema vai bem além de se posicionar a favor ou contra tais organismos. Há de se considerar a legislação, a ética, a biossegurança, enfim, o meio ambiente nas considerações relativas aos GM. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se as aprovações comerciais de GM estariam associadas ao perfil acadêmico/científico e à afiliação dos membros que compõem o Organismo Regulador. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio do levantamento de dados de fontes documentais, como livros, textos filosóficos, artigos científicos e análise e avaliação dos documentos oficiais do Organismo Regulador Brasileiro. Este último incluiu atas e extratos prévios das aprovações comerciais de 2006 a 2009 disponíveis no site da Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança (CTNBio), na tentativa de verificar quais aportes éticos estavam presentes nas votações dos membros do Organismo Regulador Brasileiro. Além disso, pesquisou-se em bases de dados, como o do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Usou-se para tal a Lei nº 11.105 de 24 de março de 2005 e a Constituição Federal de 1988 como marcos normativos, que estabeleceram juridicamente a gestão da biossegurança e o papel da CTNBio no cenário pátrio. Foram analisadas as aprovações comerciais do milho-Bt, do algodão-Bt e da soja geneticamente tolerante ao herbicida glifosato. Os resultados mostraram que a afiliação não influenciou a decisão sobre a aprovação de plantas geneticamente modificadas; porém observou-se uma tendência maior de votações pela aprovação pelos membros com maior especialidade técnica sobre o tema, ou seja, as decisões foram baseadas em critérios técnicos, prevalecendo sobre outros tipos de questionamentos. A contribuição da bioética no tratamento das provações comerciais referendou o discurso ético de Hans Jonas. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The introduction of genetically modified plants into the environment has been marked by different positions, either in favor or against their release. However, the problem goes well beyond such contradictory positions; it is necessary to take into account the legislation, ethics, biosafety and the environment in the considerations related to the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate whether commercial approvals of GMOs are associated with the academic/scientific profile and affiliation of the members of the regulatory agency (CTNBio). The methodology was based on a search through the data collected from documentary sources such as books, philosophical texts, scientific articles, as well as analysis and evaluation of official documents from the Brazilian regulatory agency. The latter included meeting minutes and previous extracts from the commercial approvals from 2006 to 2009 available on the CTNBio website, in an attempt to determine which ethical concerns affected voting by members of this Brazilian regulatory agency. We also found the curriculum vitae of CTNBio members on the website of the Plataforma Lattes database of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, http://lattes.cnpq.br), which states their area of expertise. Law No. 11.105/2005 and the Constitution of 1988 were used as a legal framework, which established the legal management of biosecurity and the role of CTNBio in the national arena. We analyzed the commercial approval of Bt-maize, Bt-cotton and soybeans that are genetically tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate. Results showed that the affiliation of expert members did not appear to influence their decision to release GM plants, but that experts voted heavily in favor of release; that is, decisions were based on technical criteria, prevailing over any other type of questioning.
Lamotte, Hadrien. "Libération de composés intracellulaires par application d'arcs électriques entre électrodes immergées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI122/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of an innovative technology for microorganisms lysis, based on high voltage pulses generated in an aqueous medium. This technology is different from electroporation which operates thanks to the electric field for damaging cell membranes ; in our study high voltage pulses generate an electric arc leading to various physicochemical phenomena supposed to lyse microorganisms.The technology efficiency is evaluated with the following microorganims : some lipid producting microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and classical laboratory model bacteria (Escherishia coli and Bacillus subtilis). In this work, we found that generated shock waves are mainly responsible of the cells lysis.At the end, the development of self-functioning devices is investigated either for bioproduction or for cell analysis
Panzarini, Nathalie Hamine. "Panorama de OGM’S na cadeia de suprimentos de farinhas e preparados a base de trigo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1564.
Full textOs debates atuais sobre a inserção dos OGM’s nos produtos alimentícios, bem como seus riscos e benefícios no que diz respeito a alimentos, continuam inconclusos. Percebe-se que a sociedade em geral tem informação insuficiente a respeito do assunto e as empresas que estão envolvidas não realizam uma exposição eficiente a respeito do assunto. No Brasil, existem poucos laboratórios públicos ou privados que trabalham com a finalidade objetivo de detectar e quantificar os resíduos OGM’s em alimentos. Torna-se fundamental que as informações sobre esse tipo de produto, cada vez mais consumido em forma de alimento, estejam claras e bem entendidas por todos os atores da cadeia de suprimentos relacionadas com essa inovação agroalimentar, como seus riscos e benefícios, a liberação e comercialização e rotulagem. Assim, o estudo teve por objetivo identificar o grau de conhecimento e os impactos da inserção da inovação OGM’s na cadeia de suprimentos de farinhas e preparados a base de trigo. Como instrumento para a obtenção dos dados utilizou-se método de pesquisa empregado foi o survey por meio da aplicação direta de questionários semiestruturados, aplicados com produtores da região dos Campos Gerais, moinhos e indústrias de farinhas de trigo e consumidores. Ademais, mapeou-se os laboratórios e tecnologias para o diagnóstico de OGM’s em alimentos. A partir da realização da pesquisa, tem-se como resultado, que comparando com estudos internacionais o grau de conhecimento referente à inserção dessa tecnologia nos produtos alimentícios, seus riscos e benefícios e principalmente sua rotulagem ainda são baixos, pois frequentemente os rótulos dos produtos alimentícios geram dúvidas, descrédito e insatisfação em relação às informações, bem como a insatisfação da informação quanto aos efeitos do uso dessa biotecnologia para a saúde humana e do meio ambiente. O Brasil apresenta poucos laboratórios de controle de OGM’s em alimentos, observando uma crescente utilização da técnica de PCR para a detecção e quantificação de OGM’s. Contudo, a padronização dos métodos dessa análise ainda está no início. Neste sentido a inserção de produtos que obtenham OGM’s em sua composição no mercado, requer esforço e maior envolvimento entre os atores da cadeia de suprimentos, a medida que o desenvolvimento desse tecnologia impõe padrões como rastreabilidade e certificação , que afetam diretamente o processo produção e devem estar disponíveis da forma mais clara e objetiva para os consumidores.
Current debates on the inclusion of GMOs in food products, as well as their risks and benefits with regard to food, remain inconclusive. It is noticed that society in general has insufficient information on the subject and the companies that are involved do not realize an efficient exposure to the subject. In Brazil there are few public or private laboratories working in order order to detect and quantify GMO residues in food. It is essential that the information on this type of product, increasingly consumed as food, are clear and well understood by all actors in the chain of supplies related to this agri-food innovation, as their risks and benefits, and the release marketing and labeling. Thus, the study aimed to identify the degree of knowledge and the impact of the inclusion of GMOs innovation in supply chain meal and prepared wheat based. As a tool for data collection was used research method used was survey by direct application of semi-structured questionnaires administered to producers in the region of Campos Gerais, mills and wheat flour industries and consumers. Moreover, it was mapped laboratories and technologies for the diagnosis of GMOs in food. From the day of research, we have as a result, that compared to international studies the level of knowledge regarding the integration of this technology in food products, their risks and benefits and especially their labeling are still low because often the labels of food products generate doubts, disbelief and dissatisfaction with information as well as the dissatisfaction of information on the effects of using this biotechnology for human health and the environment. Brazil has few GMO control laboratories in food, noting the growing use of the PCR technique for the detection and quantification of GMOs. However, the standardization of methods of this analysis is still early. In this regard the inclusion of products obtain GMOs in their composition in the market, requires effort and greater involvement by actors in the supply chain, as the development of this technology imposes standards such as traceability and certification, which directly affect the process production and should be available as clearly and objectively to consumers.
Kachtík, Michal. "Revitalizace vybraného úseku vodního toku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240187.
Full textNúñez, Marcé Mireia. "Emerging organic contaminants in aquatic organisms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456825.
Full textEsta tesis doctoral se centra en el desarrollo de nuevos métodos analíticos para determinar diferentes contaminantes orgánicos emergentes, como productos farmacéuticos de consumo generalizado, medios yodados de contraste para rayos-X (otro grupo de productos farmacéuticos empleados en medicina de diagnóstico) y un grupo de edulcorantes de alta intensidad en organismos acuáticos. Para ello se evaluaron dos técnicas de extracción (extracción con líquidos presurizados y QuEChERS) para extraer los compuestos seleccionados y también se ensayaron diferentes limpiezas. La determinación se realizó mediante cromatografía de líquidos acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Además, se realizó un estudio ecotoxicológico en la especie Gammarus pulex, donde se evaluó la toxicidad del triclosán para esta especie y, además, se estudiaron poblaciones procedentes de diferentes ambientes con diferentes grados de contaminación para determinar si su resistencia era similar o no.
This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the development of new analytical methods to determine different emerging organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals of widespread consumption, iodinated X-ray contrast media (another group of pharmaceuticals employed in diagnostic medicine), and a group of high-intensity sweeteners, in aquatic organisms. To do so two extraction techniques (pressurised liquid extraction and QuEChERS) were evaluated to extract the selected compounds and different clean-ups were also tested. The determination was perfomed with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Moreover, another objective is to conduct an ecotoxicological study in the amphipod species Gammarus pulex, where the toxicity of triclosan to this species was evaluated. Moreover, populations that come from different environments with different degrees of pollution were evaluated in order to establish whether their resistance was similar or not.
Valadares, Nermy Ribeiro. "Desenvolvimento de artr?podes n?o alvos e estresse fisiol?gico em algodoeiro geneticamente modificado expressando as prote?nas CRY1F e CRY1AC." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1417.
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O Brasil ? um dos maiores produtores mundiais de algod?o, n?o apenas em volume, mas tamb?m em qualidade e inova??o. Por?m, o ataque de insetos pragas ? um dos principais entraves para a produtividade das lavoras de algod?o, o que ? acentuado pelas grandes ?reas de monocultivo. Uma das t?ticas de manejo que est? sendo empregada ? a resist?ncia de plantas. A cultura hospeda diversos organismos, dentre eles um grande n?mero de artr?podes como o pulg?o Aphis gossypii Glover 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e o ?caro fit?fago Tetranychus ludeni zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae), que se alimentam da parte a?rea das plantas, podendo causar preju?zos econ?micos. As variedades transg?nicas utilizadas no manejo de pragas s?o desenvolvidas para controlar determinado grupo de insetos, de acordo com a toxina que expressam. Por?m ao serem expressas continuamente, essas toxinas ficam expostas aos demais herb?voros que se hospedam na planta, surgindo uma preocupa??o de que o uso em larga escala desta tecnologia possa ter efeitos adversos sobre artr?podes n?o alvos. O impacto das prote?nas Bt em artr?podes n?o visados ? menos compreendido do que os seus efeitos nos organismos alvos, onde o mecanismo da a??o t?xica ? conhecido. H? pouca informa??o sobre efeitos de transg?nicos Bt sobre popula??es de pulg?es e ?caros, e sobre o estresse causado pelo ataque desses artr?podes. Com isso, esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de organismos n?o alvos em algod?o geneticamente modificado. E avaliar o estresse fisiol?gico causado pelo ataque de ?caros e pulg?es em algod?o transg?nico e convencional. De acordo com os resultados obtidos ? poss?vel concluir que as toxinas Cry1F e Cry1Ac n?o exercem qualquer efeito no desenvolvimento do T. ludeni, e que o algod?o Bt foi menos infestado por A. gossypii. A severidade da infesta??o desses artr?podes causa altera??es nos par?metros da fluoresc?ncia da clorofila, promovendo estresse fisiol?gico nas plantas, tanto do algod?o Bt como da isolinha. Coletivamente, esses resultados fornecem fortes evid?ncias de que a tecnologia Bt pode complementar outras t?ticas integradas de controle de pragas, especialmente se em conjunto com o controle biol?gico.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
Brazil is one of the world's largest cotton producers, not only in terms of volume but also in quality and innovation. However, insect pest attack is one of the main barriers to cotton productivity, which is accentuated by large areas of monoculture. One of the management tactics that is being used is the resistance of plants. The culture hosts several organisms, including a large number of arthropods such as the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the phytophagous spider mite Tetranychus ludeni zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae), which feed on the aerial part of the plants. Cause economic losses. The transgenic varieties used in pest management are developed to control a particular group of insects, according to the toxin they express. However, when expressed continuously, these toxins are exposed to other plant-eating herbivores, raising concerns that large-scale use of this technology may have adverse effects on non-target arthropods. The impact of Bt proteins on non-target arthropods is less understood than its effects on target organisms where the mechanism of toxic action is known. There is little information on the effects of Bt transgenics on populations of aphids and mites, and on the stress caused by the attack of these arthropods. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of non-target organisms in genetically modified cotton and to evaluate the physiological stress caused by the attack of spider mites and aphids in transgenic and conventional cotton. According to the results obtained it is possible to conclude that the toxins Cry1F and Cry1Ac have no effect on the development of T. ludeni, and that Bt cotton was less infested by A. gossypii. The severity of the infestation of these arthropods causes changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, promoting plant Physiological stress in both Bt cotton and isoline. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence that Bt technology can complement other integrated pest control tactics, especially if coupled with biological control.
Gascón, Garcia Stéphanie. "Estructura i dinàmica del sistema bentònic en llacunes costaneres dels aiguamolls de l'Empordà." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7648.
Full textEn aquesta maresma els factors determinants per als organismes bentònics i el contingut en nutrients del sediment són principalment físics: el grau de permanència de l'aigua, el confinament i la granulometria. De manera que els factors tròfics tenen menys pes que els físics tal com es posa de manifest amb les associacions de nematodes. El règim hídric de les llacunes integra des del grau de permanència de l'aigua fins a la salinitat i el confinament, per la qual cosa a partir de la caracterització dels diferents tipus de règim hídric es poden discriminar les tres tipologies d'ambients amb comunitats bentòniques diferenciades en l'estructura, la composició i la dinàmica temporal. Així, les tres comunitats diferenciades són: (1) la d'aigües permanents caracteritzada per una riquesa i diversitat elevades i constants en el temps, i per un nombre més elevat de tàxons sense adaptacions per passar situacions adverses; (2) la d'aigües semipermanents i temporànies d'inundació pulsativa, caracteritzada per una menor riquesa i diversitat, i per la dominància d'organismes amb estructures de resistència per passar la fase seca i aguantar condicions desfavorables, i (3) la d'aigües temporànies d'inundació continuada, caracteritzada per una major variabilitat de la riquesa i diversitat al llarg del cicle i per una singularitat taxonòmica més elevada, ja que s'observen cladòcers i una major representació taxonòmica dels insectes.
Durant la realització d'aquest estudi els dos cicles d'inundació van suposar entrades d'aigua en el sistema diferents, per això es va diferenciar un cicle humit (1997-1998) i un de sec (1998-1999). En relació amb la major importància de les entrades d'aigua en el sistema, es va observar un contingut en nutrients de l'aigua significativament superior durant el cicle humit. Pel que fa al sediment, la seva major inèrcia explicaria la manca de diferències significatives en el contingut en nutrients del sediment del cicle humit i del sec. Ara bé, sí que s'observa diferència en la composició d'organismes. Així, la variabilitat interanual en l'estructura de la comunitat bentònica de la maresma es pot atribuir a una situació d'estrès provocada pel cicle sec. Aquesta situació va comportar un augment de la diversitat per disminució de la dominància a totes les llacunes estudiades, determinada, en gran manera, per la disminució de l'abundància original de poblacions dominants i característiques d'ambients permanents, Corophium orientale, o temporànies, Gammarus aequicauda.
No existeix un patró estacional en les comunitats estudiades, sinó que els principals canvis en el plàncton i el bentos són deguts a pertorbacions hídriques. Aquestes pertorbacions provoquen que s'estableixi una situació en què dominen uns tàxons característics en el plàncton (Synchaeta i Eutintinnus) i, en canvi, que en el bentos es perdi l'estructura pròpia de les comunitats característiques dels diferents ambients (comunitats dominades per Corophium orinetale en aigües permanents i per Chironomus salinarius en temporànies). La severitat és diferent en funció del grau de permanència de l'aigua, i és més alta en ambients permanents i més baixa en els temporanis. La major severitat en ambients permanents ve determinada per la menor adaptació del bentos d'aigües permanents a les fluctuacions ambientals i a l'efecte de la predació sobre el plàncton. A més, tant en el bentos com en el plàncton es donen fenòmens d'histèresi, segons els quals l'efecte de la pertorbació no solament depèn de la causa pertorbadora sinó també de l'estat en què es troba la comunitat en el moment de la pertorbació.
The structure and dynamic of the benthic system, and the main factors that control this system have been studied in coastal basins of the Empordà wetlands (NE Iberian Peninsula). During two hydroperiods (1197-1998; 1998-1999) organisms and sediment samples (nutrient and pigment analysis) have been taken monthly, and water samples (nutrient and pigment analysis) and physic and chemical parameters (Tª, Conductivity, Oxygen and pH) have been taken weekly.
In these wetlands benthic organisms and sediment nutrient content were mainly determined by physics factors as water permanence, confinement and granulometry. Trophic factors were less important for the benthic communities than physics ones, as it has been shown by the nematodes associations. Based on the hydrological pattern, three types of basins are distinguished: permanent waters (type 1), temporary waters with pulse water inputs (type 2), and temporary waters with continuous water inputs (type 3). These three types are in agreement with the classification resulting from the benthic communities composition. The type 1 basins, where the more stable environemental conditions were found, had a community characterized by a high density of individuals, total biomass and diversity. The community of type 2 basins had lower richness and diversity values with little temporal variability. Organisms with resistant structures to pass the dry phase and survive adverse conditions were dominant in these community. The high frequency of freshwater inputs in type 3 basins causes a high taxonomic singularity and high temporal variability of species richness and diversity in these basins.
The water input in the wetlands was significantly different for the two hydroperiods studied, so we can distinguish a wet hydroperiod (1197-1998) and a dry hydroperiod (1998-1999). Significantly higher nutrient content in the water was observed related to more important water entrance during the wet hydroperiod. The lack of significant differences on nutrient content of sediment between hydroperiods could be explained by a higher inertia in the benthic system. Differences in faunal composition were observed between hydroperiods. Thus, the interannual variability in the benthic community structure could be attributed to the stress situation caused by the dry hydroperiod. This situation implies a diversity increase due to a highest evenness because the dominant species decrease its relative abundance.
The main plankton and benthos changes were due to hydrological perturbations, so seasonal patterns did not have any relevance to the studied communities. In the plankton community hydrological perturbations caused a new situation (situation dominated by Synchaeta and Eutintinnus), while in the benthos communities provokes a lost of the characteristic structure (characteristic structure were communities dominated by Corophium orientale in permanent waters, and by Chironomus salinarius in temporary waters). The severity varied depending on water permanence, so it was higher in permanent systems and lower in temporary ones. The higher severity in permanent systems was conditioned by the low adaptation to environmental fluctuations of the benthos which lives in permanent waters, and to the effect of predation on the plankton community. Moreover, histeresy phenomenons were observed, since the effects of perturbation were not only caused by the perturbation but also by the community status when the perturbation started.
Martí, Solans Josep. "Oikopleura dioica com a model animal per investigar l'impacte de les pèrdues gèniques en l'Evo-Devo: les vies de senyalització de l'àcid retinoic i Wnt com a cas d'estudi." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663443.
Full textThe bloom of genomics is revealing gene loss as a pervasive evolutionary force generating genetic diversity that shapes the evolution of species. In this sense, one of the great challenges in the field of EvoDevo is to understand the impact of gene loss on the evolution of animal developmental mechanisms. In this doctoral thesis we wanted to study the impact of gene loss in EvoDevo, using the analysis of the evolution of retinoic acid (RA) and Wnt signaling pathways - essential pathways in the development of all the chordates- in the urochordate Oikopleura. dioica as a model reference system. To establish O. dioica as an animal model, in addition to the biological characteristics that make it attractive for his type of studies-embryonic development and extremely fast life cycle, simplicity and body transparency, reduced and fully sequenced genome, possibility of gene manipulation for functional studies - It has been essential to develop a facility to grow O. dioica in the laboratory, as well as low-cost maintenance protocols affordable for any research group. Thanks to this culture system, we were able to analyze the components of the RA metabolic gene network (RA-MGN), as well as the ligands of the Wnt signaling pathway. In reference to the RA-MGN, our work allows us to conclude that the gene losses that have affected this pathway during the evolution of O. dioica have taken place in a non-robust genetic system, where the dismantling of the network has not had a dramatic impact on the typical body plan of chordates that preserves this organism. On the other hand, the analysis of the Wnt family in chordates, has allowed us to conclude that in addition to gene duplication or functional redundancy due to processes of convergent evolution, function shuffling also increase the mutational robustness and facilitate gene losses in gene families. In summary, the results of this doctoral thesis show that O. dioica is an attractive animal model for studying both basic aspects of the impact of gene losses in the evolution of development mechanisms, and in applied aspects. For instance, certain losses give to O. dioica an evolutionary knockout condition that may be interesting for the study of concrete molecular mechanisms such as the toxicity of PUAs in the embryonic development of marine organisms.
Oliveira, Patrícia Rosa de [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos efeitos do fipronil (ingrediente ativo do FRONTLINE®) nos ovários de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) e no sangue periférico de roedores." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100569.
Full textO presente estudo avaliou os efeitos do fipronil em fêmeas semi-ingurgitadas de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus por meio do desenvolvimento de protocolo adequado de bioensaio in vitro (AIT), monitorado diariamente, com determinação da CL50 (concentração 50% letal) e intervalo de confiança a 95%, g (95): CL50 = 9.647 ppm (4.711 a 13.470), bem como analisou os efeitos histológicos e ultra estruturais deste produto nos ovários desses indivíduos, demonstrando quais são os mecanismos de defesa utilizados pelas células germinativas para eliminar o composto químico do sistema. Para o estudo morfológico, os carrapatos foram divididos em quatro grupos, onde o grupo I foi utilizado como controle e os grupos II, III e IV, foram submetidos às concentrações de 1, de 5 e de 10 ppm (CL50) de fipronil, respectivamente. As alterações variaram desde a presença de poucos e pequenos vacúolos até a interrupção da vitelogênese e morte celular. A concentração de 10 ppm de fipronil foi a que mais afetou o desenvolvimento dos ovócitos. Mecanismos de defesa celular como o aumento da quantidade e novo arranjo citoplasmático de elementos do citoesqueleto, bem como a grande quantidade de vacúolos digestivos e de figuras mielínicas foram observados. Simulando a ação do fipronil nos hospedeiros de carrapatos expostos aos acaricidas que tenham esse princípio ativo em sua composição, o presente estudo avaliou também o potencial citotóxico (danos causados nas células do fígado), genotóxico e mutagênico do fipronil utilizando camundongos submetidos a diferentes doses da droga. Os camundongos foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo controle e grupos I, II e III, que foram expostos às doses de 15mg/Kg, 25 mg/Kg e 50 mg/Kg (DL50) de fipronil, respectivamente. Em seguida, o fígado dos indivíduos foi retirado, seccionado e analisado por meio de técnicas histológicas e histoquímicas...
The present study evaluated the effects of fipronil on semi-engorged females of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A protocol for an in vitro bioassay (AIT) was developed, and the LC50 (lethal concentration 50%) and 95% confidence interval were determined: LC50 = 9.647 ppm (4.711 to 13.470). Histological and ultrastructural alterations in ovaries were also examined to describe the defense mechanisms of germ cells to eliminate the chemical compound from the system. For the morphological analysis, ticks were divided into four groups. Group I was used as the control group and groups II, III,and IV were exposed to concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ppm (LC50) of fipronil, respectively. Alterations varied from the presence of few and small vacuoles to the interruption of vitellogenesis and cell death. The concentration of 10 ppm of fipronil had the strongest effect on oocyte development. Defense mechanisms of cells were observed such as increase in the amount and changes in the arrangement in the cytoskeleton elements in the cytoplasm, amount of digestive vacuoles and myelin figures. Simulating the action of fipronil in tick hosts exposed to fipronil, the present study also assessed the cytotoxic (damage caused in liver cells), genotoxic, and mutagenic potential of fipronil in mice treated with different doses. Mice were divided into four groups: control group and groups I, II, and III, which were exposed to doses of 15mg/Kg, 25 mg/Kg, and 50 mg/Kg (LD50) de fipronil, respectively. The liver of mice were dissected, sectioned, and analyzed with histological and histochemical techniques. Changes varied from proliferation of Kupffer cells, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, accumulation and distribution of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, as well as the obstruction of blood vessels, characterizing mainly a) autophagic processes, b) steatosis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Martins, Diana Filipa Brito. "Efeitos dos fármacos enquanto xenobióticos presentes no ambiente aquático ao nível das alterações tecidulares reportadas em peixes por vários estudos de toxicologia ambiental." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5330.
Full textAtualmente a poluição e contaminação do meio aquático devido à crescente descarga de efluentes domésticos, industriais ou agrícolas, intencionais ou acidentais, é um assunto relevante de Saúde Pública, sendo alvo de vários estudos e debates na comunidade científica e civil. Os fármacos, em função do seu elevado consumo e ineficaz remoção pelas estações de tratamento de águas residuais, são continuamente libertados para o compartimento aquático sob a sua forma original ou de metabolito secundário. Os fármacos utilizados na saúde humana, prática veterinária e aquacultura, possuem características físico-químicas que lhes conferem elevada persistência ambiental exercendo, frequentemente, toxicidade em organismos não-alvo ao nível de vários níveis tróficos. A sua acumulação no ambiente aquático tem demonstrado ser capaz de induzir mudanças patológicas nos peixes, a mais numerosa classe de vertebrados deste compartimento. Assim, o estudo dos efeitos toxicológicos na saúde do ecossistema reveste-se de uma importância primordial, pelo que a caracterização e quantificação deste risco é fundamental. Os peixes são o alvo deste trabalho pois são considerados espécies sentinelas, sendo utilizados como indicadores primários da qualidade da água, permitindo uma avaliação dos efeitos causados pela exposição continuada e concentrações sub-letais de xenobióticos, em particular aos fármacos. A histologia é considerada uma ferramenta sensível e útil para a determinação do estado de saúde dos peixes, registando os efeitos da exposição aguda ou crónica destes organismos aos xenobióticos aquáticos. Neste trabalho fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os efeitos histopatológicos de alguns fármacos ao nível dos principais órgãos afetados nos peixes (e.g. fígado, rim e gónadas).
Nowadays, pollution and contamination of the aquatic environment as a consequence of human activities is a major concern in what regards public health, as shown by the increasing number of scientific studies and debate within the scientific community. Several drugs used in human health, in light of their intensive use and deficient treatment, are continuously discharged to the environment, ultimately ending in aquatic compartments, either in their native form or as metabolites. A relevant number of drugs used in human health, veterinarian medicine or aquaculture display physical and chemical characteristics that confer them high environmental persistence, which frequently results in toxicity phenomena in non-target organisms across several trophic levels. Their accumulation in aquatic environments has been increasingly associated with pathological alterations in fish, the most representative class of vertebrates in the aquatic environment. Thus, the toxicological impact of these molecules in aquatic and human health are of pivotal importance, with the characterization and quantification of these risks being essential. In this work the organisms under study will be fish, as they are used as early markers of water quality, hence allowing the evaluation of the effects triggered by xenobiotics, in particular pharmaceuticals. Histopatholoy is a sensitive and useful tool for determining the health status of fish, being used for following the effects of acute or chronic exposition of fish to aquatic xenobiotics. In this work, a literature review focusing on the histopathological effects of some drugs on fish will be presented, with particular emphasis on the most relevant organs affected (e.g. liver, kidney and gonads), with special emphasis on gills.
Rodrigues, Gabriele Borges. "O direito como mediador da inserção dos organismos geneticamente modificados no meio ambiente e seus impactos para com as futuras gerações." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1197.
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This master's dissertation analyzes how the Law, from the point of view of biosafety, has mediated the differences inherent in the inclusion of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the environment and how it has treated its impacts on nature to future generations. To study this issue, it analyzes the precautionary principle as a criterion for releasing these GMOs. It is noticed that the effectiveness of the precautionary principle requires the application of the right to information, which is used as an essential tool for society to have full knowledge to a conscious choice than it consumes. The use of the precautionary principle and the right to information in the insertion of GMOs receives, in this work, the emphasis on the protection of future generations, with a theoretical cut the thesis of Jürgen Habermas about the "Future of Human Nature" and the theory of Hans Jonas about the "Principle of Responsibility". The topic discussed in this work is compliance with the line of research "Environmental Law, Public Policy and Socio-Economic Development" of the Master in Law, since it has transversely discussions on possible GMOs insertion of impacts on the environment and hence effects for future generations. These analyzes will support the improvement of public policies, theories related to environmental Law, and also enable the socio-economic development in a way that risks are minimized for future generations. The method used is qualitative and descriptive, and the research strategy adopted is to literature. As a result, concludes the need for ethical change in human activities, allowing them to think about the present and future generations, in order to seek a means balanced and healthy environment for all. It is understood, however, lack of caution in the insertion of GMOs on the environment and the little information that they have, especially with regard to possible risks to health and the environment. So it is important to have more information on genetically modified organisms, along with an inspection by the environmental protection agencies, so that every citizen can become more careful about what they want to eat or not.
Attwell, Arthur. "Simple Organisms." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7673.
Full textArpin-Pont, Lauren. "Les produits pharmaceutiques et de soin personnel en milieu marin : prédiction des concentrations environnementales et étude des effets sur le métabolisme endogène d’organismes exposés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS172/document.
Full textThe last twenty years, the issue of PPCP contamination of the marine environment caused a growing concern among scientific community. PPCP enter the environment mainly through wastewater treatment plants (WTP), not able to remove completely these substances. The first objective of the thesis was to assess the current state of knowledge on the PPCP occurrence in the different compartments of the marine environment (seawater, sediments and organisms) through a literature review. The contamination of the marine environment is generally assessed by “one-time” measures in situ. However, such monitoring campaigns are time-consuming and costly. Some approaches based on the determination of the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) could be applied alternatively or complementarily to in situ measures. The PEC calculation is the first step of environmental risk assessment (ERA), to assess the exposure of non target organisms to these substances. However, this estimation needs to be refined to be accurate, by integrating site-specific information. The second aim of the thesis was to propose refined PEC calculation methodologies of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in a coastal zone using an adapted hydrodynamic model. Two model compounds were chosen, carbamazepine and venlafaxine. In order to assess the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals, it is needful to assess their effects on organisms. Nowadays, few ecotoxicological data are available on marine organisms, contrary to freshwater organisms. Regulatory concept of ERA is often based on a set of short term standard tests carried out at high concentrations. Other tests, implemented at lower organizational levels, are more sensitive to low exposure levels and are more relevant for the marine risk assessment. The last objective was to study the effects of diclofenac on PG production, based on its mode of action, on marine mussels exposed
Benthien, Patrícia Faraco. "Transgenia agrícola e modernidade = um estudo sobre o processo de inserção comercial de sementes transgênicas nas sociedades brasileira e argentina a partir dos anos 1990." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280490.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A aplicação comercial da tecnologia de transgenia agrícola a partir do final do século XX e a disseminação de seu uso no início do século XXI implicam não somente a rápida e radical transformação do setor agrícola mundial, agora tecnologizado em todas as esferas do processo produtivo, mas sobretudo transformações radicais no significado da sementes e da vida, com impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais ainda em aberto. A utilização da tecnologia de transgenia no mundo é entendida como um vetor estratégico de dominação, promoção de conflitos políticos e sociais, bem como de ruptura de referenciais de várias ordens na sociedade moderna. A tese analisa os processos de inserção comercial de sementes transgênicas nas sociedades brasileira e argentina a partir de 1990 (principalmente a partir dos Governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Carlos Menem). Como elementos fundamentais dessa análise, faz-se referência à construção da transgenia agrícola como um problema de ordem socioambiental no Brasil através da discussão sobre os seguintes elementos: a articulação da sociedade civil organizada brasileira e as consequências de sua mobilização, a construção da política nacional de biossegurança e a estrutura de pesquisa em biotecnologia no país. No caso Argentino, discute-se a expansão do modelo sojeiro, a estrutura de decisão técnica e política sobre biotecnologia e segurança, a dificuldade na construção de diálogo entre a sociedade civil organizada argentina e os âmbitos de decisões tecno-políticas governamentais. Demonstra-se que a tecnologia produz diferentes padrões de ações nas sociedades em que é incorporada comercialmente. Esses padrões de ações são reflexo de parecidos, porém distintos, contextos políticos, econômicos e sociais, em que a mobilização e contestação social merecem destaque
Abstract: The commercial use of transgenic seeds in agriculture since the end of the 20th century and its disseminated use in the beginning of the 21st century lead not only to radical changes in the world's agriculture sector, now technologized in all spheres of the productive process, but also to radical changes into the concepts of seeds and life, with economic, social and environmental impacts that remain open. The use of transgenics in the world is comprehended as a strategic element of a domination process, as a trigger of social and political conflicts, so as an element of rupture of many references. The thesis analyses the commercial introduction of transgenics seeds in the Brazilian and Argentinean societies since 1990 (especially after Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Carlos Menem were elected). As fundamental elements of this analysis, reference is made to the construction of transgenics as a socioenvironmental problem in Brazil through the following aspects: the organizational model of the Brazilian civil society and the consequences of its mobilization, the construction of the national policy on biosafety, and the development of biotechnology research. In regard to Argentina, the thesis touches upon the expansion of the soy model, the technical and political decision making process regarding biotechnology and biosafety, the intricacies of the participation and political dialogue among the Argentinean organized civil society and the technical and political decision making agencies and processes. The thesis illustrates that the technology produces different patterns of action on the societies it is commercially incorporated. These patterns reveal similar but diverse political, economical and social contexts, wherein the social resistanceand mobilization are issues are emphasized
Doutorado
Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade
Clemente, Zaira 1983. "Ecotoxicological evaluation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, under different illumination conditions = Avaliação ecotoxicológica do dióxido de titânio nanoparticulado, sob diferentes condições de iluminação." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314421.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A ecotoxicologia de nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio (nano- TiO2) tem sido amplamente estudada nos últimos anos, mas os resultados obtidos ainda são inconclusivos. Assim, permanecem dúvidas sobre a aplicabilidade dos atuais protocolos ecotoxicológicos para avaliação dos possíveis impactos do uso da nanotecnologia. Poucas investigações toxicológicas tem considerado as propriedades fotocatalíticas da substância, que podem aumentar a sua toxicidade para a biota aquática. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos em organismos aquáticos expostos a diferentes nano- TiO2, sob diferentes condições de iluminação. A interação de variáveis como concentração, fase cristal (anatase puro - TA , ou uma mistura de anatase e rutilo - TM) e da condição de iluminação ( luz visível ou luz ultravioleta e visível) foram investigadas através da observação de parâmetros de letalidade e de efeitos subletais em peixes juvenis (pacu caranha, Piaractus mesopotamicus), embriões de peixe (zebrafish, Danio rerio) e microcrustáceos (Daphnia similis e Artemia salina). A exposição aguda e prolongada de peixes juvenis não causou mortalidade nem acúmulo de Ti em músculo dos peixes, mas houve efeitos bioquímicos e genéticos, que dependeram da fase cristal e da condição de iluminação empregada. A atividade de fosfatase ácida (FA), bem como os níveis de proteínas carboniladas (PCO) e de metalotioneína foram biomarcadores úteis de exposição aguda ao nano -TiO2. Por outro lado, os resultados mostraram que para a exposição prolongada, a atividade específica da catalase (CAT), glutationa S-transferase (GST), os níveis de PCO e o ensaio cometa foram os biomarcadores mais úteis. O nano-TiO2 também foi considerado praticamente não tóxico sob luz visível para D. similis e A. salina. A exposição ao nano -TiO2, sob luz visível e ultravioleta aumentou a toxicidade dos nano-TiO2 para microcrustáceos. No caso de D. similis, TM foi mais tóxico do que o TA , mostrando valores de CE5048h = 60,16 e 750,55 mg/L, respectivamente. A A. salina foi mais sensível do que D. similis, com CE5048h = 4 mg/L para ambos os produtos. Em concentrações subletais, o nano- TiO2 não apresentou qualquer impacto negativo sobre o crescimento de Daphnia e Artemia. As atividades específicas de CAT, superóxido dismutase e FA foram biomarcadores úteis de exposição ao nano- TiO2 em Daphnia. Para embriões, a exposição ao nano-TiO2 causou eclosão precoce. Sob luz ultravioleta, o nano- TiO2 causou redução no comprimento das larvas. Além disso, um aumento no número de larvas com alteração de equilíbrio e na mortalidade foi observado nos grupos expostos a TM sob luz ultravioleta. As atividades específicas de CAT e GST apresentaram boa resposta em embriões expostos ao nano-TiO2. A determinação da toxicidade do nano- TiO2 depende do organismo, meio de cultura e o tempo de exposição utilizado nos bioensaios. Depende também da fase cristal e das condições de iluminação. Verificou-se que a exposição à radiação ultravioleta a níveis ambientais mínimos aumenta a toxicidade do nano-TiO2. Os resultados indicam a ocorrência de estresse oxidativo em conseqüência da exposição ao nano-TiO2, mas em geral, não houve uma clara relação concentração- resposta ao considerar parâmetros subletais. Isto pode estar relacionado com a instabilidade dos sistemas de exposição, devido a agregação e precipitação das nanopartículas. Entretanto, nossos resultados indicam que a influência de fatores abióticos sobre a ecotoxicidade do nano- TiO2 deve ser explorada em detalhes, a fim de estabelecer modelos experimentais adequados para estudar a sua toxicidade em espécies de relevância ambiental e contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável da nanotecnologia
Abstract: The ecotoxicology of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) has been extensively studied in recent years but the results are so far confusing. Hence, doubts remain about the applicability of current ecotoxicological protocols to evaluate the possible impacts of nanotechnology. Few toxicological investigations have considered the photocatalytic properties of the substance, which can increase its toxicity to aquatic biota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects on aquatic organisms exposed to different nano-TiO2, under different illumination conditions. The interaction of variables as concentration, crystal phase (pure anatase ¿ TA, or a mixture of anatase and rutile ¿ TM) and illumination condition (visible light or ultraviolet and visible light) were investigated by observing lethal an sublethal parameters in juveniles fishes (pacu caranha, Piaractus mesopotamicus), fish embryos (zebrafish, Danio rerio) and microcrustaceans (Daphnia similis and Artemia salina). The acute and prolonged exposure of juvenile fishes caused no mortality neither Ti accumulation in fish muscle, but showed biochemical and genetic effects, which depends on the crystal phase and the illumination condition employed. The acid phosphatase activity (AP) as well as the metallothionein and protein carbonylation (PCO) levels and the micronucleus test were useful biomarkers of acute exposure of fish to nano-TiO2. On the other side, the findings showed that for prolonged exposure, the specific activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), PCO levels and comet assay were more useful as biomarkers. Nano-TiO2 was also considered pratically non-toxic under visible light to D. similis and A. salina. Exposure to nano-TiO2 under visible and ultraviolet light enhanced the toxicity of nano-TiO2 to microcrustaceans. In the case of D. similis, TM was more toxic than TA, showing values of EC5048h = 60.16 and 750.55 mg/L, respectively. A. salina was more sensitive than D. similis, with EC5048h = 4 mg/L for both products. At sublethal concentrations, the nano-TiO2 did not show any negative impacts on the growth of Daphnia and Artemia. The specific activities of CAT, AP and superoxide dismutase were usefull biomarkers of nano-TiO2 exposure in Daphnia. To embryos the nano-TiO2 exposure caused early hatching. Under ultraviolet light, nano-TiO2 caused reduction in larvae length. Also, an increase in larvae with alteration in equilibrium and larvae mortality was observed in groups exposed to TM under ultraviolet light. The specific activities of CAT and GST showed good answer in embryos exposed to nano-TiO2. Determination of the nano-TiO2 toxicity using bioassays depends on the organism, culture medium, and exposure time employed. It also depends on the crystal phase and the illumination condition. Exposure to ultraviolet light at minimal environmental levels increases the nano-TiO2 toxicity. The results indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress in consequence of nano-TiO2 exposure, but in general there was not a clear concentration-response relationship when considering sublethal parameters. This can be related to the instability of exposure systems, due to nanoparticles aggregation and precipitation. However, our results indicates that the influence of abiotic factors on nano-TiO2 ecotoxicity must be explored in detail, in order to establish experimental models to study their toxicity to environmentally relevant species and contribute to nanotechnology development in a sustainable way. The ecotoxicology of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) has been extensively studied in recent years but the results are so far confusing. Hence, doubts remain about the applicability of current ecotoxicological protocols to evaluate the possible impacts of nanotechnology. Few toxicological investigations have considered the photocatalytic properties of the substance, which can increase its toxicity to aquatic biota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects on aquatic organisms exposed to different nano-TiO2, under different illumination conditions. The interaction of variables as concentration, crystal phase (pure anatase ¿ TA, or a mixture of anatase and rutile ¿ TM) and illumination condition (visible light or ultraviolet and visible light) were investigated by observing lethal an sublethal parameters in juveniles fishes (pacu caranha, Piaractus mesopotamicus), fish embryos (zebrafish, Danio rerio) and microcrustaceans (Daphnia similis and Artemia salina). The acute and prolonged exposure of juvenile fishes caused no mortality neither Ti accumulation in fish muscle, but showed biochemical and genetic effects, which depends on the crystal phase and the illumination condition employed. The acid phosphatase activity (AP) as well as the metallothionein and protein carbonylation (PCO) levels and the micronucleus test were useful biomarkers of acute exposure of fish to nano-TiO2. On the other side, the findings showed that for prolonged exposure, the specific activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), PCO levels and comet assay were more useful as biomarkers. Nano-TiO2 was also considered pratically non-toxic under visible light to D. similis and A. salina. Exposure to nano-TiO2 under visible and ultraviolet light enhanced the toxicity of nano-TiO2 to microcrustaceans. In the case of D. similis, TM was more toxic than TA, showing values of EC5048h = 60.16 and 750.55 mg/L, respectively. A. salina was more sensitive than D. similis, with EC5048h = 4 mg/L for both products. At sublethal concentrations, the nano-TiO2 did not show any negative impacts on the growth of Daphnia and Artemia. The specific activities of CAT, AP and superoxide dismutase were usefull biomarkers of nano-TiO2 exposure in Daphnia. To embryos the nano-TiO2 exposure caused early hatching. Under ultraviolet light, nano-TiO2 caused reduction in larvae length. Also, an increase in larvae with alteration in equilibrium and larvae mortality was observed in groups exposed to TM under ultraviolet light. The specific activities of CAT and GST showed good answer in embryos exposed to nano-TiO2. Determination of the nano-TiO2 toxicity using bioassays depends on the organism, culture medium, and exposure time employed. It also depends on the crystal phase and the illumination condition. Exposure to ultraviolet light at minimal environmental levels increases the nano-TiO2 toxicity. The results indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress in consequence of nano-TiO2 exposure, but in general there was not a clear concentration-response relationship when considering sublethal parameters. This can be related to the instability of exposure systems, due to nanoparticles aggregation and precipitation. However, our results indicates that the influence of abiotic factors on nano-TiO2 ecotoxicity must be explored in detail, in order to establish experimental models to study their toxicity to environmentally relevant species and contribute to nanotechnology development in a sustainable way
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Romminger, Stelamar. "Isolamento, identificação e investigação de rotas biossintéticas de produtos naturais de micro-organismos marinhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-30072013-093635/.
Full textThe present investigation aimed to carry out feeding experiments for the incorporation of isotopic labeled precursors on natural products isolated from the culture media of two fungal species belonging to the Penicillium genus, in order to verify the biosynthetic pathway of the compounds produced by the P. citrinum F53 and P. oxalicum F30 fungal strains. Culture media used in the fermentation of the fungal strains were enriched with the following isotopic labeled precursors: [1-13C1]sodium acetate, [1,2-13C2]sodium acetate, [2,3-13C2]sodium propionate, [methyl-13C1]methionine, [1-13C1]glucose, [U-13C5]ornithine, [U-13C6]lysine, [U-13C5]proline, [U-13C6]histidine, [2-indol-13C1]tryptophan, and [U-13C6]anthranilic acid, separately. At the end of the fermentation period, culture media were separately subjected to solid phase extraction and analyzed by LC/UV/ESI/MS. The incorporation experiments that showed positive results were purified by HPLC/UV, and the pure compounds labeled in different positions were then analyzed by 13C-NMR. The results demonstrated that two dihydropyrroles produced by P. citrinum F53 were formed via a mixed biosynthetic route, derived from ornithine, a methyl group derived from methionine, and a polyketide chain derived from acetate. The alkaloids citrinalin B and 17-hydroxycitrinalin B, also produced by P. citrinum F53, are both derived from two amino acid residues, ornithine and tryptophan (via anthranilic acid), and two isoprene units derived from glucose via the mevalonate pathway. The alkaloids oxaline and meleagrine, produced by P. oxalicum F30, are formed via a mixed biosynthetic pathway by two amino acid residues, histidine and tryptophan (via anthranilic acid), and methyl groups derived from methionine.
Cignachi, Janaína Cristina Battistelo. "Organismos geneticamente modificados e meio ambiente : uma abordagem científica do risco." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1040.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
Technological advancements have brought much concern in regards to the irreversibility of the consequences that Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) might cause to the environment and to future generations. Therefore, many safety measures must be created in order to prevent risks originated from the development of science and new technologies. Environment protection must be approached in view of a number of legal norms and principles from the Brazilian Constitution, and from the current judicial trend. Thus the need to apply the principle of precaution (Brazilian Constitution) so that means and methods of avoiding environmental impact can be created. “Biosafety” emerges from the need of evaluating, preventing and administering the risks associated to the development of biotechnology. The legislators therefore focused on creating norms that address damage prevention in view of the uncertain consequences that the legalization and use of GMOs might bring to the environment. As a consequence, they have expressly protected the environment on Article 225, §1, II, IV, and V of the Brazilian Constitution, later regulated by Federal Law #11.105/2005, which stipulates about safety and supervision involving all related activities at risk in regards to GMOs usage. In the hypothesis of regulating GMOs it is necessary to run a Preventive Study of Environmental Impact in order to examine risks to human health and the environment. Regarding Genetically Modified Organisms in general, it is necessary to have an effective judicial tutelage, capable of understanding the peculiarity of the matter, to act with due precaution in view of the uncertainty consequences that GMOs use might bring to humanity.
Zerrouki, Djamal. "Assemblages colloÏdaux organisés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003919.
Full textЗолотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and I. Yu Matyushenko. "Genetically modified organisms." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13467.
Full textPicot-Groz, Marina. "Contamination de l’environnement marin par des produits de soin et des produits pharmaceutiques : molécules mères et métabolites." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT107.
Full textContamination of coastal environments by emerging contaminants is a recent societal concern, explaining the lack of data available today in this environment. However, some of these contaminants are likely to cause ecotoxic effects on aquatic organisms in the marine environment. Three ways of contaminants introduction into the marine environment are commonly identified: indirect inputs with catchments through coastal rivers and direct inputs through recreational activities and through the wastewater effluents. This work focused on direct contributions. The main objective of this thesis was to assess the current state of the contamination of the marine environment by pharmaceuticals and care products (PPCP) and to evaluate their contribution by the recreational activities and the wastewater releases. In order to assess the impact of bathing activities on marine contamination, occurrence studies of UV filters, substances mainly contained in sunscreens, have been carried out in coastal areas in seawater and in aquatic organisms and more precisely in mussels. The results showed seasonal and intra-day variations in the concentration of UV filters in the coastal environment, confirming that recreational activities contribute to introduce these substances in marine environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) does not allow the complete elimination of some persistent PPCPs. To evaluate the impact of WWTP effluents on the receiving environment, pharmaceuticals and their conjugated forms were analyzed in domestic and hospital effluents and in WWTP influents and effluents. The low concentrations of conjugated found in WWTP effluents demonstrated that the conjugated were not represented relevant markers of marine contamination by wastewater. However, partially treated wastewater is sometimes discharged directly into the marine environment via marine outfalls, hence the importance of assessing this input. The data on the occurrence of a pharmaceutical molecule, venlafaxine and its transformation products at marine outfall, confirmed the presence of its molecules in the marine environment and the importance of including metabolites in monitoring programs of marine contamination
Oliveira, Paulo Ricardo da Silva 1987. "Os organismos geneticamente modificados e os impactos no comércio internacional agrícola : uim estudo de caso da soja." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286085.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Tendo sua produção comercial iniciada em 1996, os alimentos geneticamente modificados (GM) têm gerado, desde então, uma série de polêmicas que envolvem não só fatores de ordem científica, mas também de ordem econômica, política e social. Este trabalho trata, especificamente, da inserção comercial da soja GM na agricultura e os decorrentes impactos ocorridos na cadeia global de comercialização. Através do Método das Parcelas Constantes (Constant Market Share- CMS), decompõem-se as alterações do market share dos países em efeitos distintos, possibilitando o isolamento do efeito da inovação tecnológica e sua adoção sobre os destinos e as quantidades da soja exportada pelos maiores produtores globais. O estudo revela que, a adoção tecnológica por parte dos produtores, ocorrida em períodos distintos para cada país, e a rejeição comercial por parte de alguns mercados podem explicar de forma consistente grande parte das alterações nas relações comerciais entre produtores e consumidores tradicionais, ocorridas a partir de 1996. Ao contrário do que parte da literatura vem enfatizando sobre o comércio de alimentos GM, as barreiras legais, isto é, as proibições e moratórias de facto não tiveram papel importante nos desdobramentos que sucederam o caso da soja GM. Ademais, o trabalho tece considerações a respeito das tendências mais atuais, analisando como os efeitos sofridos pelo comércio internacional de OGM foram se perpetuando a despeito de mudanças nos padrões de oferta do produto e persistem até dias atuais. Evidências levantadas neste trabalho contribuem para compreensão e, consequentemente, para a formulação de políticas que permeiem a difusão de tecnologias com rejeição de mercado
Abstract: Genetically modified food has been being commercially produced since 1996. There are a number of controversies surrounding GM food that involve not only scientific issues, but economic, political and social ones as well. This thesis primarily discusses the introduction of genetically modified (GM) seeds into agriculture and the impact they have on the modus operandi of the international trade of agricultural commodities. An adapted Constant Market Share is used. This method makes it possible to analyze the increase or decrease in the market share of a country in terms of distinct effects, making it possible to identify the effect of technology adoption, in terms of destination and quantity, on the largest soybean producer's worldwide. The central finding in this thesis is that the technology adopted by producers, which took place at different time periods for each country, and the market rejection in certain countries, consistently explain the changes in the soybean market, in terms of exporters and traditional importers after 1996. Contrary to certain studies on the topic, it is argued that bans and de facto moratoriums on GM-Food importation have played no important role in explaining the case of GM soybeans. Furthermore, the thesis examines more modern trends, analyzing how changes in the international trade of GMOs continued over the years despite recent alterations in the demand and supply pattern. Findings from this thesis contribute to better understanding the diffusion process of technologies with market rejection and consequently to the development of political policies
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
Bastos, Juliana Cristina Santiago 1985. "Atividade antiviral de organismos marinhos frente ao vírus da diarreia viral bovina, modelo para o vírus da hepatite C." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316637.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O vírus da Hepatite C (família Flaviviridae, gênero Hepacivirus) é causador de infecções crônicas em humanos, que podem evoluir para quadros de cirrose hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular. Até o momento, não há vacina disponível contra essa infecção e o tratamento disponível é caro, tem eficácia limitada e gera uma vasta gama de efeitos secundários, o que dificulta a continuidade do tratamento. Como esse vírus não replica eficientemente em cultura de células e em animais, o vírus da diarréia viral bovina é utilizado como modelo substituto para ensaios de avaliação de atividade antiviral e em ensaios de mecanismo de ação. A partir de invertebrados e micro-organismos marinhos, foram preparados extratos e frações, e algumas substâncias foram isoladas para a avaliação da sua possível atividade antiviral. Dos 422 testados, 5% foram considerados promissores e, destes, 20% mostraram-se ativos apresentando uma proteção de mais de 97% às células frente ao vírus. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos dos extratos produzidos a partir das amostras de esponjas Hyrtios sp. (BA07ES-56: PI=99%, IS=25), Aaptos sp. (BA07ES-59: PI=99%, IS=8,25) e de bactérias Bacillus sp. (555: PI=98%, IS>18; 584: PI=98%, IS=27) isoladas da esponja Petromica citrina. Os extratos e compostos promissores foram capazes de atuar em diversas etapas do ciclo replicativo viral (adsorção, penetração, etapas intracelulares do ciclo replicativo e também inativação da partícula viral), levando à sua interrupção quase completa nas condições analisadas. Desse modo, diversas substâncias presentes nesses organismos estudados são ativas e podem levar ao desenvolvimento de fármacos que garantam uma terapia alternativa para o tratamento da hepatite C
Abstract: The Hepatitis C virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Hepacivirus) causes chronic infections in humans, which can develop to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This represents a major public health problem worldwide. To this moment, there is no vaccine available against this infection and the treatment available is expensive, has limited efficacy and generates a wide range of side effects, making it difficult to continue the treatment. All this reflects the need to seek new agents with antiviral action against this virus. As this virus does not replicate efficiently in cell culture and in animals, bovine viral diarrhea virus is used as a surrogate model for screening assays of antiviral activity, and mechanism of action assays. From marine invertebrates and micro-organisms isolated from them, extracts and fractions were prepared, and substances were isolated for assessment of their possible antiviral activity. Of the 422 tested, 5% were considered promising, and of these, 20% were active presenting a protection percentage of more than 97%. The best results were obtained from the extracts produced from the samples of sponge Hyrtios sp. (BA07ES-56: IP=99%, SI=25), Aaptos sp. (BA07ES-59: IP=99%, SI=8,25) and bacteria Bacillus sp. (555: IP=98%, SI>18; 584: IP=98%, SI=27) isolated from the sponge Petromica citrina. The promising extracts and compounds acted in several stages of viral replicative cycle (adsorption, penetration, intracellular steps of the replicative cycle and also inactivation of the viral particle). Thus, various substances are active and may lead to the development of drugs which ensure an alternative therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C
Mestrado
Microbiologia
Mestra em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Matiolli, Thiago Oliveira Lima. "O que o Complexo do Alemão nos conta sobre as cidades: poder e conhecimento no Rio de Janeiro no início dos anos 80." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-24112016-131614/.
Full textThis thesis analyses the conditions that made possible and acceptable the perception that different favelas, but contiguous in each other, were perceived as a territorial unit named Complexo do Alemão. This perspective brings to the late 1970s and early 1980s, period recognized by the urban carioca literature as the period in which the solution to the favela problem, by the public authorities, becomes a set of many interventions, which was conventionally named as urbanization, in detriment of the removal policy. This reorientation of the public authorities, by one side, triggers an abundant production of information about this territories, through the assembly of a qualified technical condition, that seeked at all times to answer the question that was put to the municipal government with this change: how to urbanize? On other hand, reflects, between other motivations, the influence of the transformation in the international urban agenda in the urban management of the city of Rio de Janeiro, but also in other cities of the country. The investigation of these aspects raised a doubt on the real transformer character of the urbanization policies initially carried out by a mayor, Israel Klabin, that was a successful businessman and close to economic and political actors, national and international. With interviews, documental research and in newspapers of the period, it proposes to understand the urbanization policies by the perspective of the governmentalization of these territories, or, in other words, as a management technology of the population and slum areas of favela.
Bour, Agathe. "Effets écotoxicologiques de nanoparticules de dioxyde de cérium en milieu aquatique : d’une évaluation en conditions monospécifiques à l’étude de chaînes trophiques expérimentales en microcosme." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0007/document.
Full textThe ecotoxicity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) was studied on freshwater organisms (i) in standardized monospecific conditions and (ii) on experimental trophic chains exposed in microcosms. No toxicity was observed on Nitzschia palea and Chironomus riparius in monospecific conditions. Growth inhibition was observed on the amphibian species Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl., as well as acute toxicity and dose-dependent genotoxicity observed on Xenopus and Pleurodeles, respectively. Microcosm experiments revealed acute effects on Pleurodeles, changes in bacterial communities, a decrease in leaf litter decomposition and teratogenicity on chironomids. The observed effects vary depending on the type of CeO2 NPs. The use of complex biological system enables the study of toxicity mechanisms in environmentally relevant conditions
Loira, Nicolas. "Scaffold-based reconstruction method of genome-scale metabolic models." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14484/document.
Full textUnderstanding living organisms has been a quest for a long time. Since the advancesof the last centuries, we have arrived to a point where massive quantities of data andinformation are constantly generated. Even though most of the work so far has focusedon generating a parts catalog of biological elements, only recently have we seena coordinated effort to discover the networks of relationships between those parts. Notonly are we trying to understand these networks, but also the way in which, from theirconnections, emerge biological functions.This work focuses on the modeling and exploitation of one of those networks:metabolism. A metabolic network is a net of interconnected biochemical reactionsthat occur inside, or in the proximity of, a living cell. A new method of discovery, orreconstruction, of metabolic networks is proposed in this work, with special emphasison eukaryote organisms.This new method is divided in two parts: a novel approach to reconstruct metabolicmodels, based on instantiation of elements of an existing scaffold model, and a novelmethod of assigning gene associations to reactions. This two-parts method allows reconstructionsthat are beyond the capacity of the state-of-the-art methods, enablingthe reconstruction of metabolic models of eukaryotes, and providing a detailed relationshipbetween its reactions and genes, knowledge that is crucial for biotechnologicalapplications.The reconstruction methods developed for the present work were complementedwith an iterative workflow of model edition, verification and improvement. This workflowwas implemented as a software package, called Pathtastic.As a case study of the method developed and implemented in the present work,we reconstructed the metabolic network of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica,known as food contaminant and used for bioremediation and as a cell factory. A draftversion of the model was generated using Pathtastic, and further improved by manualcuration, working closely with specialists in that species. Experimental data, obtainedfrom the literature, were used to assess the quality of the produced model.Both, the method of reconstruction in eukaryotes, and the reconstructed model ofY. lipolytica can be useful for their respective research communities, the former as astep towards better automatic reconstructions of metabolic networks, and the latteras a support for research, a tool in biotechnological applications and a gold standardfor future reconstructions
Carbone, Beatriz Junqueira Lage. "Segurança alimentar e governança para transgenicos : um estudo sobre o ativismo transnacional." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279372.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A governança global pode ser descrita como um conjunto de arranjos entre atores do sistema internacional, que assume a forma de uma "teia" de mecanismos de controle. Verifica-se, que um dos objetivos de grandes organizações não governamentais é influenciar políticas internacionais por meio da atuação neste plano. Contudo, o acesso ás esferas mais efetivas nem sempre é aberto á participação de atores não estatais, ou possuem uma estrutura construída de modo a garantir a preponderância de atores poderosos. O comércio de transgênicos é alvo de coordenação internacional devido à necessidade de padronização de vários procedimentos relacionados á administração de seus riscos. Neste último plano, constata-se uma grande divergência de cunho marcadamente político quanto aos princípios a serem adotados como referências internacionais. Contudo, a regulamentação proposta pelo Regime Comercial prevalece nas relações multilaterais de comércio, contrariando sobremaneira a postura defendida por grandes organizações da sociedade civil na União Européia. Deste modo, esta dissertação se propõe a analisar que estrutura de oportunidades uma destas ações civis, a campanha "Diga não á engenharia genética", vem buscando utilizar a fim de atuar sobre a governança para os transgênicos.
Abstract: Global governance can be described as a series of arrangements among actors of the international system, which take on the form of a "web" of control mechanisms. It verifies that an objective of large non-government organizations is to influence international politics through the implementation of actions in this plan. However, access to the most effective spheres is not always possible for non-state actors, or the spheres have a set structure which guarantees the preponderance of powerful actors. The trading of transgenics is the target of international coordination due to a necessity to standardize various procedures related the administration of its risks. In this last plan a large difference of opinion was noticed, markedly political as much as the principles which should be adopted as international references. However, the regulation proposed by the Commercial Regime prevails in the multilateral trade relations, particularly running contrary to the stand defended by large organizations from the European Union Social Society. Therefore, this dissertation proposes to analyze which opportunities structure one of these civil actions, the campaign "Say No to Genetic Engineering", looks to use in order to ultimately act over governance for transgenics
Mestrado
Relações Internacionais
Mestre em Ciência Política
Torres, Daiane Placido 1984. "Mercúrio : validação de método para determinação em peixe e camarão e avaliação da sua distribuição em tecidos de caranguejos e efeito da presença de selênio." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249408.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A primeira etapa deste trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento e na validação de um método para a determinação de mercúrio total em peixe e camarão por espectrometria de absorção atômica com decomposição térmica/amalgamação (TDA AAS). O método foi validado segundo legislações nacionais e internacionais, específicas para gêneros alimentícios, e utilizado para a análise de amostras de peixe e camarão, atendendo o Plano Nacional de Controle de Resíduos e Contaminantes (PNCRC), do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Para tanto, foram avaliadas a linearidade, efeitos de matriz/ interferências, limites de detecção e de quantificação, precisão (repetitividade e reprodutibilidade intra-laboratorial), robustez e exatidão (recuperação). Na segunda parte deste trabalho, desenvolvida no período de doutorado sanduíche na Universidade de Aberdeen, na Escócia, buscou-se avaliar as características da exposição de caranguejos a mercúrio inorgânico ou metilmercúrio, com ou sem co-exposição a selenato, através da dieta, com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito do selênio em neutralizar a toxicidade do mercúrio, bem como o efeito da razão molar Hg:Se nas dietas e tecidos dos caranguejos expostos. Para os caranguejos expostos a mercúrio inorgânico, a acumulação do mesmo foi estatisticamente confirmada (p-valor < 0,05 para a comparação dos tecidos dos caranguejos expostos com aqueles dos caranguejos controle) no hepatopâncreas, músculo da carapaça, guelra e coração, ao passo que para o caso da co-exposição a selênio, a acumulação de mercúrio foi significativa somente no coração. Diferentemente, quando se considera a exposição a metilmercúrio, a acumulação de mercúrio foi estatisticamente significativa no músculo da carapaça e das pernas, hepatopâncreas, guelra, coração e testículo/ovário. Entretanto, para a co-exposição a selênio, a acumulação de mercúrio foi somente significativa no músculo da carapaça e guelra. Desta forma, o acúmulo de mercúrio e as interações Hg-Se no hepatopâncreas, coração e músculo dos caranguejos foram altamente significativas para as exposições às espécies de Hg sem co-exposição a Se. Assim, a co-exposição a selênio através da dieta desempenhou um papel importante na redução do impacto da toxicidade das espécies de mercúrio investigadas neste trabalho, mostrando uma mudança nos padrões de absorção e acumulação desses compostos nos tecidos dos caranguejos.
Abstract: In the first step of this work the development and validation of a method for the determination of total mercury in fish and shrimp by thermal decomposition/ amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA AAS) was accomplished. This methodology, validated according to national and international foodstuff protocols, has been employed for the analysis of fish and shrimp from the National Residue Control Plan, from the Ministry of Agriculture of Brazil. To comply with the international protocols, linearity, interferences/ matrix effects, detection and quantification limits, precision (repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility), robustness and accuracy (recovery) of the method have been evaluated. The second step of this work, developed during a period of Sandwich Ph.D. at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, aimed to evaluate the features between dietary inorganic mercury or methylmercury, with or without selenate co-exposure, in order to examine dietary selenium¿s role in counteracting mercury toxicity as well as the effect of Se:Hg molar ratio in the diets and tissues of exposed crabs. For the crabs exposed to inorganic mercury, the accumulation was statistically confirmed (p-value < 0.05 for the comparison of the tissues from the exposed crabs to those from the control crabs) in the hepatopancreas, muscle from thorax, gill and heart, whereas for the co-exposure to selenium, the accumulation of mercury was significant only in the heart. In contrast, when considering the methylmercury exposure, the Hg accumulation was statistically significant in the muscle from thorax and legs, hepatopancreas, gill, heart and testis/ovarium. However, for the co-exposure to selenium, the Hg accumulation was only significant in the muscle from thorax and gills. Therefore, the accumulation of Hg and the Hg-Se interactions in the hepatopancreas, heart and muscle of the crabs were highly significant for the exposures to Hg species without co-exposure to Se. Thus, the dietary exposure to Se played a very important role reducing the impact of the toxicity of the Hg species investigated in the present work, showing to change their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in crabs tissues, and in consequence their uptake and accumulation patterns.
Doutorado
Quimica Analitica
Doutora em Ciências