Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organisms

Academic literature on the topic 'Organisms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Organisms"

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Pandey, Shiv Shanker, Samer Singh, Chandramani Pathak, and Budhi Sagar Tiwari. "“Programmed Cell Death: A Process of Death for Survival” – How Far Terminology Pertinent for Cell Death in Unicellular Organisms." Journal of Cell Death 11 (January 2018): 117906601879025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179066018790259.

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Programmed cell death (PCD) is genetically regulated phenomenon of selective elimination of target cells that are either under pathological conditions or unwanted for organism’s normal growth and development due to other reasons. The process although being genetically controlled is physiological in nature that renders some hallmarks like blebs in the cell membrane, lobe formation in nuclear membrane, DNA nicks resulting to DNA ladder of 200 bp, and downstream activation of caspases. Moreover, as the process refers to the death of “targeted cell”, the term is exclusively suitable for multicellular organisms. Number of reports advocate similar type of cell death process in unicellular organisms. As cell death in unicellular organisms is also reflected by the signature of PCD obtained in metazoans, such cell death has been grouped under the broad category of PCD. It is pertinent to mention that by definition a unicellular organism is made of a single cell wherein it carries out all of its life processes. Using the term “Programmed Cell Death” with a preset “survival strategy of the organism” for unicellular organisms looks misnomer. Therefore, this correspondence argues and requests recommendation committee on cell death to revisit for the nomenclature of the cell death process in the unicellular organisms.
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Holm, Sune. "Organism and artifact: Proper functions in Paley organisms." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 44, no. 4 (December 2013): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2013.05.018.

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Wetherick, Norman. "On the basis of ‘scientific’ psychology." History & Philosophy of Psychology 18, no. 1 (2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2017.18.1.43.

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The object of scientific psychology is to give us a better understanding of the capacity to do anything we know a human organism can do, and is at the same time capable of instantiation in the mechanism described by brain physiology. Such potential is, in turn, capable of developing from a genetic point-source, regulated by the Personal Environment made available in the course of its life by its sensory capacities. Personal Environment must be distinguished from ‘Environment’ which may include objects/events that have not yet figured in any individual Personal Environment. Psychology resembles physical science in many respects but the latter can legitimately claim to have achieved a near complete account of the material, physical world whereas psychology is open-ended. It must cover whatever is/was/will be, in the course of the organism’s life, observable in its behaviour. Sub-human organisms are regularly reported to have more extensive Personal Environments than had been assumed. In particular, argument still rages whether any but human organisms have consciousness. The evidence that lower organisms (e.g. insects, etc.) can find their way home with minimal CNS (central nervous system) shows that neurons, when active, must constitute pictorial consciousness for them, and there is no reason to doubt that higher organisms also have this capacity, or that mammals (including ourselves) have an additional capacity to reason which vastly increases their chance of survival. Possession of consciousness can only be confirmed by the verbal testimony of the organism whose consciousness it is, and only the human organism has evolved language. It appears that experience of rewarded approach is sufficient for describing the behaviour observed in sub-human organisms. They learn little or nothing from failure. Mammals learn from both success and failure, vastly increasing their chances of survival.
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Hull, David L., Rodney E. Langman, and Sigrid S. Glenn. "A general account of selection: Biology, immunology, and behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 3 (June 2001): 511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01004162.

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Authors frequently refer to gene-based selection in biological evolution, the reaction of the immune system to antigens, and operant learning as exemplifying selection processes in the same sense of this term. However, as obvious as this claim may seem on the surface, setting out an account of “selection” that is general enough to incorporate all three of these processes without becoming so general as to be vacuous is far from easy. In this target article, we set out such a general account of selection to see how well it accommodates these very different sorts of selection. The three fundamental elements of this account are replication, variation, and environmental interaction. For selection to occur, these three processes must be related in a very specific way. In particular, replication must alternate with environmental interaction so that any changes that occur in replication are passed on differentially because of environmental interaction.One of the main differences among the three sorts of selection that we investigate concerns the role of organisms. In traditional biological evolution, organisms play a central role with respect to environmental interaction. Although environmental interaction can occur at other levels of the organizational hierarchy, organisms are the primary focus of environmental interaction. In the functioning of the immune system, organisms function as containers. The interactions that result in selection of antibodies during a lifetime are between entities (antibodies and antigens) contained within the organism. Resulting changes in the immune system of one organism are not passed on to later organisms. Nor are changes in operant behavior resulting from behavioral selection passed on to later organisms. But operant behavior is not contained in the organism because most of the interactions that lead to differential replication include parts of the world outside the organism. Changes in the organism's nervous system are the effects of those interactions. The role of genes also varies in these three systems. Biological evolution is gene-based (i.e., genes are the primary replicators). Genes play very different roles in operant behavior and the immune system. However, in all three systems, iteration is central. All three selection processes are also incredibly wasteful and inefficient. They can generate complexity and novelty primarily because they are so wasteful and inefficient.
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Aminatun, Tien, Siti Umniyatie, Anna Rakhmawati, Aji Suhandy, Nrangwesthi Widyaningrum, and Kurnia Cahyani. "KEANEKARAGAMAN ORGANISME PADA RHIZOSFER GULMA SIAM DI LAHAN VULKANIK, PESISIR, DAN KARST." Jurnal Penelitian Saintek 26, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jps.v26i1.38754.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kondisi edafik, hubungan antara kondisi edafik dan keanekaragaman organisme tanah, serta perbedaan keanekaragaman organisme tanah pada berbagai ekosistem rhizosfer gulma Siam (Chromolaena odorata) yang tumbuh di lahan vulkanik, pesisir, dan karst. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel tanah dari ekosistem rhizosfer gulma Siam di lahan vulkanik, karst, dan pesisir Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta; mengamati komposisi organisme tanah di laboratorium, yaitu collembola, nematoda, dan mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah pada rhizosfer gulma Siam yang tumbuh di lahan karst menunjukkan tingkat kesuburan tertinggi yang ditunjukkan oleh kandungan N, K, dan C-organik tanah, sedangkan tanah pesisir memiliki kandungan P tertinggi. Tekstur tanah pada rhizosfer gulma Siam lebih berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman organisme tanah dibandingkan kandungan hara tanah dan sifat tanah lainnya yang diteliti. Keragaman organisme tanah rhizosfer gulma Siam lebih besar di lahan pesisir dibandingkan di lahan karst dan vulkanik. Implikasi dari hasil tersebut adalah bahwa tanah dengan tekstur berpasir akan lebih bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan gulma Siam dengan keanekaragaman organisme rhizosfer yang lebih tinggi.ORGANISM DIVERSITY IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF SIAM WEEDS IN VOLCANIC, COASTAL AND KARST LANDThe research aims to compare the edaphic condition, the relationship between the edaphic condition and soil organism diversity, and the differences of soil organism diversity in different rhizosphere ecosystems of Siam weed growing in volcanic, coastal and karts areas. The research was conducted by taking soil samples from the Siam weed rhizosphere ecosystems in volcanic, karst and coastal areas of the Special Region of Yogyakarta and observing the composition of the soil organisms in the laboratory, including collembola, nematode, and mycorrhiza. The results find that soil from rhizosphere of Siam weed growing in karst area shows the highest level of fertility indicated by the N, K, and C-organic contents of the soil, whereas soil from coastal area has the highest P content. Soil texture in the rhizosphere of Siam weed has more effect on the diversity of soil organisms than the soil nutrient content and other soil properties investigated. The diversity of soil organisms of Siam weed rhizosphere is greater in coastal area than those in karst and volcanic areas. The implication of the results is that soil with a sandy texture will be more beneficial for the growth of Siam weed with a higher diversity of rhizosphere organisms
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McMahan, Jeff. "An Alternative to Brain Death." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 1 (2006): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00007.x.

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Most contributors to the debate about brain death, including Dr. James Bernat, share certain assumptions. They believe that the concept of death is univocal, that death is a biological phenomenon, that it is necessarily irreversible, that it is paradigmatically something that happens to organisms, that we are human organisms, and therefore that our deaths will be deaths of organisms. These claims are supposed to have moral significance. It is, for example, only when a person dies that it is permissible to extract her organs for transplantation.It is also commonly held that our univocal notion of death is the permanent cessation of integrated functioning in an organism and that the criterion for determining when this has occurred in animals with brains is the death of the brain as a whole – that is, brain death. The reason most commonly given for this is that the brain is the irreplaceable master control of the organism's integration.
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Hellmuth, Kathrin, Christian Klingenberg, Qin Li, and Min Tang. "Multiscale Convergence of the Inverse Problem for Chemotaxis in the Bayesian Setting." Computation 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9110119.

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Chemotaxis describes the movement of an organism, such as single or multi-cellular organisms and bacteria, in response to a chemical stimulus. Two widely used models to describe the phenomenon are the celebrated Keller–Segel equation and a chemotaxis kinetic equation. These two equations describe the organism’s movement at the macro- and mesoscopic level, respectively, and are asymptotically equivalent in the parabolic regime. The way in which the organism responds to a chemical stimulus is embedded in the diffusion/advection coefficients of the Keller–Segel equation or the turning kernel of the chemotaxis kinetic equation. Experiments are conducted to measure the time dynamics of the organisms’ population level movement when reacting to certain stimulation. From this, one infers the chemotaxis response, which constitutes an inverse problem. In this paper, we discuss the relation between both the macro- and mesoscopic inverse problems, each of which is associated with two different forward models. The discussion is presented in the Bayesian framework, where the posterior distribution of the turning kernel of the organism population is sought. We prove the asymptotic equivalence of the two posterior distributions.
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van Baalen, Minus, and Philippe Huneman. "Organisms as Ecosystems/Ecosystems as Organisms." Biological Theory 9, no. 4 (October 21, 2014): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13752-014-0194-7.

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Kingma, Elselijn. "Lady Parts: The Metaphysics of Pregnancy." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 82 (July 2018): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246118000115.

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AbstractWhat is the metaphysical relationship between the fetus/embryo and the pregnant organism? In this paper I apply a substance metaphysics view developed by Barry Smith and Berit Brogaard to argue, on the basis of topological connectedness, that fetuses/embryos are Lady-Parts: part of the maternal organism up until birth. This leaves two options. Either mammalian organisms begin at birth, or we revise our conception of organisms such that mammalian organisms can be part of other mammals. The first option has some advantages: it is numerically neat; aligns with an intuitive picture of organisms as physically distinct individuals; and ties ‘coming into existence’ to a suitably recognisable and important event: birth. But it denies that the fetus survives birth, or that human organisms existed prior to their birth. The second option allows us to recognise that human organisms exist prior to and survive their birth, but at a cost: it leaves the question of when an organism comes into existence unanswered, and demands potentially far-reaching conceptual revision across a range of domains.
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Manrique, Pedro, Mason Klein, Yao Sheng Li, Chen Xu, Pak Ming Hui, and Neil Johnson. "Decentralized Competition Produces Nonlinear Dynamics Akin to Klinotaxis." Complexity 2018 (July 22, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9803239.

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One of the biggest challenges in unravelling the complexity of living systems, is to fully understand the neural logic that translates sensory input into the highly nonlinear motor outputs that are observed when simple organisms crawl. Recent work has shown that organisms such as larvae that exhibit klinotaxis (i.e., orientation through lateral movements of portions of the body) can perform normal exploratory practices even in the absence of a brain. Abdominal and thoracic networks control the alternation between crawls and turns. This motivates the search for decentralized models of movement that can produce nonlinear outputs that resemble the experiments. Here, we present such a complex system model, in the form of a population of decentralized decision-making components (agents) whose aggregate activity resembles that observed in klinotaxis organisms. Despite the simplicity of each component, the complexity created by their collective feedback of information and actions akin to proportional navigation, drives the model organism towards a specific target. Our model organism’s nonlinear behaviors are consistent with empirically observed reorientation rate measures for Drosophila larvae as well as nematode C. elegans.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organisms"

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Attwell, Arthur. "Simple Organisms." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7673.

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Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and I. Yu Matyushenko. "Genetically modified organisms." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13467.

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Núñez, Marcé Mireia. "Emerging organic contaminants in aquatic organisms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456825.

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Aquesta Tesi Doctoral se centra en el desenvolupament de nous mètodes analítics per determinar diferents contaminants orgànics emergents, com ara productes farmacèutics de consum generalitzat, els medis iodat de contrast per a raigs-X (un altre grup de productes farmacèutics emprats en la medicina de diagnòstic), i un grup d'edulcorants d'alta intensitat en organismes aquàtics. Dues tècniques d'extracció (extracció mitjançant líquids pressuritzats i QuEChERS) van ser avaluades per extreure els compostos seleccionats i diferents neteges també van ser provades. La determinació es va realitzar mitjançant cromatografia de líquids acoblada a espectrometria de masses.D'altra banda, també es va dur a terme un estudi ecotoxicològic en l'espècie Gammarus pulex, on s' avaluà la toxicitat del triclosan en aquesta espècie i, a més a més, es van estudiar poblacions procedents de diferents ambients amb diferents graus de contaminació per determinar si la seva resistència era similar o no.
Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el desarrollo de nuevos métodos analíticos para determinar diferentes contaminantes orgánicos emergentes, como productos farmacéuticos de consumo generalizado, medios yodados de contraste para rayos-X (otro grupo de productos farmacéuticos empleados en medicina de diagnóstico) y un grupo de edulcorantes de alta intensidad en organismos acuáticos. Para ello se evaluaron dos técnicas de extracción (extracción con líquidos presurizados y QuEChERS) para extraer los compuestos seleccionados y también se ensayaron diferentes limpiezas. La determinación se realizó mediante cromatografía de líquidos acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Además, se realizó un estudio ecotoxicológico en la especie Gammarus pulex, donde se evaluó la toxicidad del triclosán para esta especie y, además, se estudiaron poblaciones procedentes de diferentes ambientes con diferentes grados de contaminación para determinar si su resistencia era similar o no.
This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the development of new analytical methods to determine different emerging organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals of widespread consumption, iodinated X-ray contrast media (another group of pharmaceuticals employed in diagnostic medicine), and a group of high-intensity sweeteners, in aquatic organisms. To do so two extraction techniques (pressurised liquid extraction and QuEChERS) were evaluated to extract the selected compounds and different clean-ups were also tested. The determination was perfomed with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Moreover, another objective is to conduct an ecotoxicological study in the amphipod species Gammarus pulex, where the toxicity of triclosan to this species was evaluated. Moreover, populations that come from different environments with different degrees of pollution were evaluated in order to establish whether their resistance was similar or not.
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Bonnefille, Bénilde. "Evaluation de l’approche métabolomique pour l’étude de la métabolisation et des effets du diclofénac chez la moule méditerranéenne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT085/document.

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Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce manuscrit porte sur la caractérisation de l’exposition des organismes aquatiques à un produit pharmaceutique (PP) et sur l’étude des perturbations métaboliques associées. Un PP récemment inclus dans la liste de vigilance de la directive cadre sur l’eau européenne (2015/495/EC), le DCF, et un organisme du milieu marin, Mytilus galloprovincialis, ont été choisis comme modèles de travail. L’approche méthodologique développée est une combinaison de l’analyse ciblée et non-ciblée des métabolites endogènes et exogènes (l’endo- et le xéno-métabolome) présents chez l’organisme d’étude suite à une exposition au DCF. L’évaluation des effets du DCF chez la moule par approche ciblée a été conduite sur la base de son mode d’action connu chez l’Homme : la modulation de la synthèse des prostaglandines (PG). Les PGs sont impliquées dans diverses fonctions, telles que la reproduction et l’osmorégulation chez les organismes aquatiques, et d’autres voies métaboliques sont susceptibles d’être impactées. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence une sous-modulation de la synthèse de la PGE2 chez les moules exposées au DCF. Par ailleurs, peu d’informations sont disponibles concernant la métabolisation du DCF chez les invertébrés. Pour étudier la biotransformation et les effets du DCF chez la moule, l’application d’une approche non-ciblée nous semblait prometteuse. L’étude du xéno-métabolome m’a permis de mettre en évidence la formation de 13 métabolites, dont 3 de phase I et 10 de phase II. Parmi ces métabolites, 5 sont référencés pour la première fois dans la littérature. Par la suite, l’étude de l’endo-métabolome a permis de révéler la modulation de deux voies métaboliques : le métabolisme de la tyrosine et le métabolisme du tryptophane. Les catécholamines et la sérotonine ressortent comme particulièrement impactées dans ces deux voies métaboliques. Chez la moule, ces métabolites sont impliqués dans des fonctions biologiques importantes : l’osmorégulation et la reproduction et sont en accord avec les études menées chez d’autres organismes aquatiques. Le travail effectué a permis de mettre en évidence que l’application de l’approche métabolomique à des questions environnementales est pertinente et performante pour étudier la biotransformation et les effets non-documentés (différent du mécanisme d’action connu) d’un produit pharmaceutique chez des organismes non-cibles, sans hypothèse a priori
This PhD thesis describes an investigation of the metabolomic approach performances to characterize the pharmaceuticals environmental exposure and effects in non target organisms. The studied pharmaceutical was diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug recently included in the first watch list of the European Water Framework Directive (2015/495/EC), and the model organism was the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The methodological approach combines target and non-targeted analysis of endogenous and exogenous metabolites in mussel, the endo- and the xeno-metabolome. DCF effects in mussel were investigated considering its known mode of action in human: the prostaglandins (PG) synthesis modulation. In aquatic organisms, PGs are involved in various biological functions, such as reproduction or osmoregulation. This targeted analysis allowed us to determine a PGE2 synthesis disruption with DCF exposure. Otherwise, little information is available about DCF biotransformation in invertebrates. To study DCF biotransformation in mussel, the application of a non-targeted approach seemed promising. This study allows the reveal 13 DCF metabolites formation of which 3 were phase I metabolites and 10 were phase II metabolites. Among them, 5 were described for the first time. Subsequently, the mussel’s endo-metabolome study showed the modulation of two pathways: the tyrosine and the tryptophan metabolism. Inside these pathways, the catecholamines and serotonin appeared as particularly impacted. In mussels, these compounds are involved in important biological functions: the osmoregulation and the reproduction. Such DCF effects are in accordance with those reported in other study conducted on aquatic organisms. The work conducted highlighted the relevance and pertinence of the metabolomic approach as a tool for environmental studies without a priori hypothesis, such as studying the biotransformation and unexpected effects of pharmaceuticals in non-target organisms
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Chow, Stephanie S. Wold Barbara J. "Speciation in digital organisms /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2005. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06062005-171257.

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Siebert, Tiago Henrique [UNESP]. "Análise do período de defeso do camarão marinho Artemesia longinaris através da maturidade ovariana anual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86662.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 siebert_th_me_jabo.pdf: 780967 bytes, checksum: 77d072c9560fa467e35c57e133f297b6 (MD5)
O Artemesia longinaris é endêmica nas águas costeiras do Atlântico Sul, e ocorre a partir da costa do Rio de Janeiro até Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Assim, considerando a exploração das espécies naturais, é necessário estudar a dinâmica reprodutiva para a renovação do estoque natural da espécie, e contribuir para a adequação do fechamento da pesca. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar morfologicamente os diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento dos ovócitos, a maturação dos ovários durante todo o ano, e a avaliação do fechamento de pesca atual para a espécie na região de Macaé / RJ. Para a análise de microscopia de luz (histologia e histoquímica), seis animais de cada estágio de maturação gonadal (rudimentar - RU, em desenvolvimento - ED e desenvolvidos -D) foram coletados na região de Macaé, RJ. Os ovários foram dissecados e fixados em solução de Bouin, incluídos em historesina, corados com hematoxilina / eosina e reação ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). Para a avaliação do período de pesca, usamos fêmeas com gônadas desenvolvidas (D) na primavera, verão, inverno e outono. O número de ovócitos maduros encontrados em cada espécime estudado foi contado ao longo do ano usando o software ImageJ®. Em seguida, o número médio de ovócitos maduros encontrados foi avaliado em cada estação do ano, com o programa SigmaPlot® versão 12. O ovário de A. longinaris apresenta quatro estágios de maturação: rudimentar, desenvolvimento inicial, desenvolvimento avançado e desenvolvido. As células germinativas apresentam cinco fases de desenvolvimento: ovogônias, ovócitos pré-vitelogênicos, ovócitos em vitelogênese inicial, ovócitos em vitelogênese avançado e ovócitos maduros. Novembro apresentou a maior média de ovócitos maduros nos ovários desenvolvidos. Assim a avaliação do...
Artemesia longinaris is endemic in the coastal waters of the South Atlantic, and occurs from the coast of Rio de Janeiro to Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Thus, considering the exploitation of natural species, it is necessary to study the reproductive dynamics for the renewal of the natural stock of the specie, and contribute to the adequacy of the fishing closure. The aim of this study was to characterize morphologically the different developmental stages of oocytes, ovarian maturation throughout the year, and the evaluation of current fishing closure for the species in the region of Macaé/RJ. For analysis of light microscopy (histology and histochemistry), 6 animals of each stage of gonadal maturation (rudimentary - RU, in development - ED and developed -D) were collected in the region of Macaé, RJ. The ovaries were dissected and fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in historesin, stained with hematoxylin/eosin and reacted to Periodic acid Schiff (PAS). For the evaluation of the fishery period, we used females with developed gonads (D) in spring, winter, summer and autumn. The number of mature oocytes found in each specimen studied was counted over the year using the ImageJ software®. Then, the average number of mature oocytes found was evaluated in each season, with the program SigmaPlot® version 12. The ovary of A. longinaris presents four stages of maturation: rudimentary, initial development, advanced development and developed. The germinal cells present five development phases: oogonia, pre-vitellogenic oocytes, initial-vitellogenic oocyte, advanced vitellogenic oocyte, and mature oocyte. November had the highest average of mature oocytes in the ovaries developed. The annual reproductive cycle assessment indicated that the most appropriate period for fishing closures for this species is from November to January... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Siebert, Tiago Henrique. "Análise do período de defeso do camarão marinho Artemesia longinaris através da maturidade ovariana anual /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86662.

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Orientador: Irene Bastos Franceschini Vicentini
Coorientador: Rogério Caetano da Costa
Banca: Maíra Aparecida Stefanini
Banca: Bruno Cesar Schimming
Resumo: O Artemesia longinaris é endêmica nas águas costeiras do Atlântico Sul, e ocorre a partir da costa do Rio de Janeiro até Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Assim, considerando a exploração das espécies naturais, é necessário estudar a dinâmica reprodutiva para a renovação do estoque natural da espécie, e contribuir para a adequação do fechamento da pesca. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar morfologicamente os diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento dos ovócitos, a maturação dos ovários durante todo o ano, e a avaliação do fechamento de pesca atual para a espécie na região de Macaé / RJ. Para a análise de microscopia de luz (histologia e histoquímica), seis animais de cada estágio de maturação gonadal (rudimentar - RU, em desenvolvimento - ED e desenvolvidos -D) foram coletados na região de Macaé, RJ. Os ovários foram dissecados e fixados em solução de Bouin, incluídos em historesina, corados com hematoxilina / eosina e reação ao ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). Para a avaliação do período de pesca, usamos fêmeas com gônadas desenvolvidas (D) na primavera, verão, inverno e outono. O número de ovócitos maduros encontrados em cada espécime estudado foi contado ao longo do ano usando o software ImageJ®. Em seguida, o número médio de ovócitos maduros encontrados foi avaliado em cada estação do ano, com o programa SigmaPlot® versão 12. O ovário de A. longinaris apresenta quatro estágios de maturação: rudimentar, desenvolvimento inicial, desenvolvimento avançado e desenvolvido. As células germinativas apresentam cinco fases de desenvolvimento: ovogônias, ovócitos pré-vitelogênicos, ovócitos em vitelogênese inicial, ovócitos em vitelogênese avançado e ovócitos maduros. Novembro apresentou a maior média de ovócitos maduros nos ovários desenvolvidos. Assim a avaliação do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Artemesia longinaris is endemic in the coastal waters of the South Atlantic, and occurs from the coast of Rio de Janeiro to Puerto Rawson, Argentina. Thus, considering the exploitation of natural species, it is necessary to study the reproductive dynamics for the renewal of the natural stock of the specie, and contribute to the adequacy of the fishing closure. The aim of this study was to characterize morphologically the different developmental stages of oocytes, ovarian maturation throughout the year, and the evaluation of current fishing closure for the species in the region of Macaé/RJ. For analysis of light microscopy (histology and histochemistry), 6 animals of each stage of gonadal maturation (rudimentary - RU, in development - ED and developed -D) were collected in the region of Macaé, RJ. The ovaries were dissected and fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in historesin, stained with hematoxylin/eosin and reacted to Periodic acid Schiff (PAS). For the evaluation of the fishery period, we used females with developed gonads (D) in spring, winter, summer and autumn. The number of mature oocytes found in each specimen studied was counted over the year using the ImageJ software®. Then, the average number of mature oocytes found was evaluated in each season, with the program SigmaPlot® version 12. The ovary of A. longinaris presents four stages of maturation: rudimentary, initial development, advanced development and developed. The germinal cells present five development phases: oogonia, pre-vitellogenic oocytes, initial-vitellogenic oocyte, advanced vitellogenic oocyte, and mature oocyte. November had the highest average of mature oocytes in the ovaries developed. The annual reproductive cycle assessment indicated that the most appropriate period for fishing closures for this species is from November to January... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bajrai, Leena. "Organisms associated with amoebae infection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0055.

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Cette thèse présente nouveaux organismes trouvés dans d'échantillons d'eaux usées proviennent la zone sud de Jeddah, en Arabie Saoudite. Legionella saoudiensis, Kaumoebavirus, moumouvirus saoudien (SDMV), Yasminevirus et Bunga messiliensis qui sont isolés par une méthode de co-culture amibienne d'infection par Dictyostelium discoideum ATCC 44841, Vermamoeba vermiformis CDC-19, Acanthamoeba polyphaga Linc AP-1 , et Acanthamoeba griffinii, respectivement. Legionella saoudiensis, une souche bactérienne Gram-négative, en forme de bacille, LS-1T appartient au genre Legionella de la famille des Legionellaceae, basée sur des séquences de gène 16S rRNA et d'autres 4 gènes (mip, rpoB, rnpB et 23S-5S). D'une part, le KAUmoebavirus a des capsides icosaédriques de ~ 250 nm-large, un génome d'ADN de 350 731 pb, et une densité de codage de 86%, correspondant à 465 gènes. La plupart de ces gènes (59%) sont étroitement liés aux gènes de Faustoviruses (43%) et Asfarviruses (23%). D'autre part, le moumouvirus saoudien est un nouveau virus géant appartenant à la lignée Mimivirus B, de l'hôpital universitaire King Abdulaziz à Djeddah, et a présenté des particules icosaédriques de 500 nm avec un génome de 1 046 087 pb, plus grand que les génomes moumouvirus qui ont été décrites dans le passé. Il a été prédit que son génome code pour 868 ORF, dont la taille varie de 54 à 2 914 acides aminés. En outre, il code pour 40 nouveaux gènes (ORFans) sans similitude avec d'autres séquences. Ces résultats montrent que la dispositiond’une carte élargie des protistes conduit à découvrir de nouveaux virus géants
This thesis displays novel organisms that are found in sewage water samples from southern area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. These organisms are Legionella saoudiensis, Kaumoebavirus, Saudi moumouvirus (SDMV), Yasminevirus, and Bung messiliensis that are isolated by amoebal co-culture method of infection with Dictyostelium discoideum ATCC 44841, Vermamoeba vermiformis CDC-19, Acanthamoeba polyphaga Linc AP-1, and Acanthamoeba griffinii, respectively. Legionella saoudiensis, a Gram-negative, bacilli shaped bacterial strain, LS-1T belongs to the genus Legionella in the family Legionellaceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and other 4 genes (mip, rpoB, rnpB, and 23S-5S). On one hand, KAUmoebavirus has ~250-nm-large icosahedral capsids, a 350,731 bp DNA genome, and a coding density of 86%, corresponding to 465 genes. Most of these genes (59%) are closely related to genes from Faustoviruses (43%) and Asfarviruses (23%). On the other hand, Saudi moumouvirus is a new giant virus belonging to Mimivirus lineage B, from the King Abdulaziz University hospital in Jeddah, and presented 500 nm icosahedral particles with a 1,046,087 bp genome, which is larger than moumouvirus-like genomes which have been described in the past. Its genome was predicted to encode 868 ORFs, ranging in size from 54 to 2,914 amino acids. Furthermore, this genome was predicted to encode 40 new genes (ORFans) without similarity with other sequences. These findings show that the widen chart of protists apply lead to discover new giant viruses
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Vonsée, Henk John. "Urogenital micro-organisms in pregnancy." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5510.

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Mudge, Stephen Michael. "Carbonic anhydrase in marine organisms." Thesis, Bangor University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318943.

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Books on the topic "Organisms"

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Zachi, Arpad, and Mario Kuibuș. Organisme reactive: Reactive organisms. Edited by Re-Act Now Studio. București: Fundația Arhitext Design, 2009.

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Yang, Dejian. "Hai cuo tu" tong kao: Annotations and comments on Haicuo tu. Qingdao Shi: Zhongguo hai yang da xue chu ban she, 2021.

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Tomiuk, J., K. Wöhrmann, and A. Sentker, eds. Transgenic Organisms. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9177-6.

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M, Shaw, ed. Micro-organisms. 2nd ed. London: Collins Educational, 1992.

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Hunter, Rebecca. Living organisms. Redding, Conn: Brown Bear Books, 2009.

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Rosemary, Feasey, ed. Micro-organisms. Oxford: Ginn, 2001.

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Elewa, Ashraf M. T., ed. Predation in Organisms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46046-6.

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Margesin, Rosa, and Franz Schinner, eds. Cold-Adapted Organisms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06285-2.

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Longo, Giuseppe, and Maël Montévil. Perspectives on Organisms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35938-5.

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Sprent, Janet I., and Peter Sprent. Nitrogen Fixing Organisms. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0415-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organisms"

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Retallack, Gregory J. "Organisms." In Soils of the Past, 176–222. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7902-7_10.

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Bechtel, William, and Leonardo Bich. "Organisms Need Mechanisms; Mechanisms Need Organisms." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 85–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46917-6_5.

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AbstractAccording to new mechanists, mechanisms explain how specific biological phenomena are produced. New mechanists have had little to say about how mechanisms relate to the organism in which they reside. A key feature of organisms, emphasized by the autonomy tradition, is that organisms maintain themselves. To do this, they rely on mechanisms. But mechanisms must be controlled so that they produce the phenomena for which they are responsible when and in the manner needed by the organism. To account for how they are controlled, we characterize mechanisms as sets of constraints on the flow of free energy. Some constraints are flexible and can be acted on by other mechanisms, control mechanisms, that utilize information procured from the organism and its environment to alter the flexible constraints in other mechanisms so that they produce phenomena appropriate to the circumstances. We further show that control mechanisms in living organisms are organized heterarchically—control is carried out primarily by local controllers that integrate information they acquire as well as that which they procure from other control mechanisms. The result is not a hierarchy of control but an integrated network of control mechanisms that has been crafted over the course of evolution.
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Berg, Björn, and Charles McClaugherty. "Decomposer organisms." In Plant Litter, 31–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05349-2_3.

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Almond, Elaine. "Micro-Organisms." In Manicure, pedicure and advanced nail techniques, 17–25. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22083-0_3.

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Lavelle, Patrick, and Alister V. Spain. "Soil Organisms." In Soil Ecology, 201–356. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5279-4_3.

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Lindemann, Anna, and Eric Lindemann. "Musical Organisms." In Computational Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, 128–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77583-8_9.

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Fairén, Alberto G. "Multicellular Organisms." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1099–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1031.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Unicellular Organisms." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1718. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1628.

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Murrell, K. D., R. Fayer, and J. P. Dubey. "Parasitic Organisms." In Advances in Meat Research, 311–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09145-4_11.

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Kraft, A. A. "Psychrotrophic Organisms." In Advances in Meat Research, 191–208. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09145-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organisms"

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May, Jeffrey A. "The Sedimentology of Mudrocks: Organics, Organisms, and Occasional Occurrences." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/urtec2013-064.

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Kernbach, Serge, Ronald Thenius, Paolo Corradi, Leonardo Ricotti, Eugen Meister, Florian Schlachter, Kristof Jebens, et al. "Symbiotic robot organisms." In the 8th Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1774674.1774685.

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Graffi, Kalman, Aleksandra Kovacevic, Nicolas Liebau, and Ralf Steinmetz. "From cells to organisms." In the 8th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1416729.1416752.

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Weel, Berend, Evert Haasdijk, and A. E. Eiben. "Body building: Hatching robot organisms." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Evolvable Systems (ICES). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ices.2013.6613277.

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Savel'ev, Sergey V. "Electromagnetic emission and living organisms." In 2010 20th International Crimean Conference "Microwave & Telecommunication Technology" (CriMiCo 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2010.5632949.

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Landauer, Christopher. "Theoretical Biology: Organisms and Mechanisms." In COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS: CASYS 2001 - Fifth International Conference. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1503669.

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Hansen, Poul M., and Lene B. Oddershede. "Optical trapping inside living organisms." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Kishan Dholakia and Gabriel C. Spalding. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.616879.

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Prasad, Gautam, Anand A. Joshi, Paul M. Thompson, Arthur W. Toga, David W. Shattuck, and Demetri Terzopoulos. "Skull-stripping with deformable organisms." In 2011 8th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872723.

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PHILLIPS, ROBERT, and FRANCIS HADDY. "Space research with intact organisms." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1344.

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Boardman, Gregory D., and Michael B. Kelley. "Removal of Organisms by Clarification." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)477.

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Reports on the topic "Organisms"

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Tadros, Mahasin G. Effects of Halogenated Hydrocarbon Aquatic Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada270297.

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Roberts, Mary Fedarko. Osmoregulation in Methanogens (and Other Interesting Organisms). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172319.

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Tadros, Mahasin G. Effects of Halogenated Hydrocarbons on Aquatic Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255364.

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Tadros, Mahasin G. Effects of Halogenated Hydrocarbon on Aquatic Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299638.

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Lesser, Michael P. Charactrization of Fluorescent Proteins In Marine Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628366.

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Spain, Jim C., Graham Pumphrey, and John R. Spear. Bio-Prospecting for Improved Hydrogen-Producing Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567106.

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Lesser, Michael P. Characterization of Fluorescent Proteins In Marine Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621236.

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Brown, B., and J. Neff. Bioavailability of sediment-bound contaminants to marine organisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103045.

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Holliday, D. V., C. F. Greenlaw, and D. E. McGehee. Acoustical Technology for the Study of Marine Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609856.

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Schmieder, R. W. Simulating living organisms with populations of point vortices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/100116.

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