Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organisations et institutions'
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Hassan, Houssein Souraya. "Institutions, organisations, et changement institutionnel : le cas de Djibouti." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0052.
Full textHaddad, Patrick. "La régulation des services de proximité : Marchés, institutions, organisations." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131012.
Full textThe debate about local household services has appeared in France, and in Europe, in the 1980's as a way to reduce unemployment. Since then, these services have been discussed thoroughly, but not necessarily well defined, and not sufficiently analysed by economists. This dissertation deals more precisely with the case of France and with household services at home, and tries to answer two mains questions : which regulation should be implemented for local households services to get developed in quantitative, and more importantly, qualitative manner ? In this regulation, which roles should be played by markets, by institutions in which markets are embedded, and by the organisations producing these services ? The analysis is mainly done within the framework of institutional economics, that reintroduce economic exchanges in their social context, and unfold in four parts : explaining the essential dimensions of these services (chapter I), studying the social construction of markets (part I : chapters II & III), focusing more specifically on the quality of services and jobs (part II : chapters IV & V), synthesising and proposing elements of regulation (chapter VI)
Kichou, Lyazid. "Institutions et organisations : réformes économiques et processus de privatisation en Algérie, 1990-2001." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0055.
Full textEfremov, Serge. "Le tiers secteur et l’État en Russie : les institutions et leur évaluation." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10050.
Full textAnalyse factors and results of public support to so-called « socially oriented NGOs » in Russia, by juxtaposing the balance of political and economic roles assumed by the sector and by interpreting current phenomena through the lense of classical books in public administration and political science. Statistical methods and interviews of regional governors are also used in order to accomplish this task. Data base is a sole, unique and the largest existing in Russia base on issues suggested for this study. This base includes data collected and made public in Russian by the Ministry of the Economy of Russian Federation, Federal Agency for Strategic Initiatives (founded and presided by Mr. V. Putin since 2011 as a think tank for Kremlin and the Russian Government), National Research University Higher School of Economics, and Lomonosov Moscow State University
Ngendahayo, Eric. "Microcrédit et thèorie financière : trois contributions à la compréhension des déterminants de la performance des institutions de microcrédit." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20003.
Full textThis thesis anlyzes the determinants of the viability of microlending institutions against the background of theories of financial intermediation and contract theory. The first part shows how a particular design of group loans and the process of lending decisions in a urban institution can influence the capacity of group members with joint liability to mitigate the effects of anti-selection and moral hazard. Through the analysis of how “hard and soft information”, on the one hand, and “the degree of centralization of credit operations”, on the other hand, are combined, the second part relies on the organisational architecture theory to explain the mechanisms which lead to the dysfunction of financial cooperatives networks. Lastly, assuming the theory of property rights, as well as agency theory and transaction cost theory, it analyzes the impact of the legal structure on the economic performances of microcredit institutions
Brossier, Marie. "Quand la mobilisation produit de l'institution : Pratiques de la famille et organisations religieuses au Sénégal." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010314.
Full textMellouk, Mohamed. "Les institutions et mécanismes de coopération dans le cadre de l'Organisation de la conférence islamique." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010294.
Full textThe regroupment of the moslem world within an international organization dates from the end of the XIXth century, and precisely since the abolition of caliphate, which has been rushely done revive this institution, aimed to be the warrant of the islamic world unity. Giving life to the idea formulated by moslem's thinkers and political leaders to hold a conference to which would take part representatives of the islamic states, a first summit has been held in 1969, after Al-Aqsa mosque took fire. Consequently to this conference, the idea of an institutional mecanism which allows to all the heads' of the islamic states to meet was realised. The adoption of the islamic charter by the 3 rd session of the foreign ministers' conference in 1972, realised the transition from an international conference to the organization of the islamic conference, endowed with permanent organs and carrying an action in common interest goals. It is an organization including 51 islamic states, present in the life of nearly 1 milliard moslems. It's charter gives it a large field of responsibility through cooperation and solidarity between it's members. It's main goal is to contribute to release jerusalem, the moslem territories under stranger's rule, and contribute to security of it's members. By this way the O. I. C. , organization based an religious solidarity, introduce a new law concept in the law of international organisations field
Bredas, Marie-Marthe. "Institutions, démocratie et croissance dans la Caraïbe anglophone : Idées préconçues et réalité." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0151/document.
Full textThe Caribbean is a multidimensional space, a multi-faceted and paradoxical mosaic that evokes diversity, scattering.For a long time unknown, it is the object of all curiosities and is increasingly regarded as a real laboratory for those who are interested in.Indeed, the Caribbean is a set of small islands more or less poor economically with a plural political and administrative organization. Many political statuses are inherited from decolonization.The Caribbean comprises 25 countries and 11 non-independent territories, most of which have 500,000 inhabitants. 24 are islands, parts of islands or sets of island territories.Many programs of assistance are set up by the metropolis, the Caribbean countries carry out an active policy of integration by constituting regional institutions, yet these countries do not seem to take off economically.At the same time, the region is noticed for these acts of increased violence, crime, drugs trade, natural disasters, vector-borne diseases, all of which influence one of the prosperous economic activities, tourism.Preconceived ideas and reality, this is the problem that this thesis attempts to answer by examining the correlation between institutional organizations and economic development in the globalization era.For coherence reasons, my research is limited to the ten English-speaking countries of the Caribbean zone
Fau-Nougaret, Matthieu. "La conditionnalité démocratique : étude de l'action des organisations internationales." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40040.
Full textHirtz, Laurence. "Les organisations de sécurité européennes et l'ONU dans le traitement des crises internationales depuis 1991." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR30008.
Full textThe end of the bipolar partition should announce a new world order based on democracy and peace, but the increasing of international crisis, especially from internal nature, incite the European security regime organizations (North Atlantic Treaty organization, West European Union, European Union, Organization for cooperation and security in Europe) to involve, individually or in collaboration with the United Nations, in handling such events. The United Nations, peace and security world guardian, can't assume this function alone and the European security organizations want to act in this matter. Therefore, after been defined as organizations under Chapter VIII from the UNO Charter, they have adapted their organisational and operational sttuctures and capacities, participating in this way at peace preservation. In a parallel direction they lead, alone or in collaboration, missions covering all range of the pacific settlement of conflicts and act for the consolidation of state order. The crisis nature implies the evolution of peacekeeping operations, whereas the European organizations lead traditional ones, the UNO create a third peacekeeping generation founded on chapter VII with a large range of duties. She invoke the same chapter in authorization resolutions for executing economic sanctions, whereas European Union decree some unilaterally against third states, and to assist to their application also with military assistance given from Nato. More over, Nato's unilateral action in Kosovo hunt out the debate about humanitarian intervention
Lunca, Mariana. "Les relations entre l'Union européenne et l'Organisation des Nations-Unies. Essai d'analyse juridique de la dynamique relationnelle entre les deux institutions." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30012.
Full textWith the commitment of the European Union to act on the international scene within theframework of the United Nations’ multilateralism, the latter became an organization with which the EU intends to establish a privileged relationship. The two organizations developed an important field cooperation covering almost all of the areas of their activity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relations established between the two organizations in their extent, by highlighting their dynamics as a whole. The dynamical approach is imposed as well by the evolutionary character of this relationship. It is shaped by the legal nature of the EU and the UN. If their relationship is governed by the law of the relations between international organizations, because of the unique character of both the EU and the UN in the international legal order, it is also characterized by an important measure of originality. As a relationship between autonomous but limited, by their competences, subjects, it appears to be as well a functional relationship, by allowing an articulation of the legal orders of both organizations and, through their collaboration, a rationalization of the means provided to them by the Member States. In this context, the EU and the UN explore in their relationship new interorganizational modalities
Garcia, Paola. "Le rôle des organisations civiles et des institutions religieuses dans les processus d’intégration des immigrés : Argentins et Equatoriens en Espagne (1998-2006)." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/121316971#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to explain the role that informal non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and religious institutions play in helping immigrants from Argentina and Ecuador to integrate into Spanish society. It is in three parts: the first describes immigration movements from these countries to Spain. The second examines the ways in which immigrants reorganise the social fabric of their lives by creating groups and associations among themselves. The final part analyses changes in patterns of the Argentina and Ecuador immigrants’ religious practices and beliefs, in particular in connection with the Roman Catholic and Pentecostal churches, and shows the degree to which these institutions influence their integration
Garcia, Paola Arango Joaquín Premat Julio. "Le rôle des organisations civiles et des institutions religieuses dans les processus d'intégration des immigrés Argentins et Equatoriens en Espagne (1998-2006) /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/GarciaThese.pdf.
Full textTitre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 368-392. Notes bibliogr.
Bocquet, Martine. "Médiévalité et sémiotique de la communication des entreprises et des institutions publiques." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0733.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to explore medieval or neomedieval dynamics and processes at work in corporate and public institutionnal communication. The prupose here is not the study of medieval communication systems in themselves, even if some of their best-know aspects are mentioned. Rather, the present exploratory research seeks largely to observe traces of processes of medieval resurgences and changes and to analyse the possible pervasise influence of these factors in different areas of corporate and public institutional communication. Contexts occupy an important place here. The Middle Ages period, to be understood from the perspective of a lonh Middle Ages, is caracterized here by identified axiologies. These value systems habe benne named medievality. the Study of the relations of these value systems in a modern context forms the basis of this research.First, the study focuses on political, economical and cultural processes which structure present day corporate and public institutional communication. Conclusions are then drawn from sins and from factors pointing to the presence of medievality in the contemporary context. This leads back to semiotics, from where everything originates and to where everythings returns. For, even as political and semiotics phenomena set the groundwork for communication, this communication in turn helps to sustain the two processes from which it develops. The research then goes on to study the medeival foundations of contemporary semiotics and points out demonstration of semiotics medievality in corporate and public institutional communication.To conclude, on the one hand, medievality hides behind a mask of subtle processes underlying modernity, processes revealed by semiotics. On the other hand, the use of several fields of study to analyse communicational phenomena from a historical standpoint may offer a wealth of oppotunities for the research. The medievality hypothesis may also allow for the development of a key to the understanding of problematics in the fields of Information and Communication Sciences. Restoring a historical reference is thus essential, a dimension somewhat neglected in spite of increasing number of research incursions in the distant past. It seems legitimate that Information and Communication Sciences explore the possibilities of research in these fields
Bakalli, Marlen. "Gouvernance des organisations et institutions : la prise en compte du contexte culturel et des traditions pour une gouvernance des entreprises de la filière cuir en Ethiopie." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA0001/document.
Full textWhile a majority of the work focuses on the control mechanisms and the ethics around management practices, few empirical studies focus on the emergence, effectiveness or appropriateness of these mechanisms in the context in which they apply. We conducted our study on the specific case of the leather sector in Ethiopia to understand how governance mechanisms are born and what their influence on business performance is. The thesis objective is thus the identification and analysis of governance mechanisms in a specific territory by focusing on employees. If employees are an integral part of the business, their inclusion in the governance mechanisms should influence the company's performance. This raises the issue on how to qualify performance, the terms of employees’ consideration, the evaluation of its effects and their inclusion in a cultural context conceived in its historical depth
Pomar, Fernández Silvia. "La nature hybride des organisations et le processus de transfert de modèles : cas des crèches subventionnées au Mexique." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_pomar_fernandez_s.pdf.
Full textThe institutions of social security in Latin-American have presented serious problems, like IMSS in Mexico. The principal problems in these institutions are: lack of capability; the strong financial and actuarial imbalances; the increase of the unemployment; lack or delay in the payment quotas of the businessmen; the negative yields of the investments and the strong component of the management expenses. Under this context the IMSS has had to establish strategies to change its structure and organization form, which has allowed him to solve partially the problems. One of these strategies is the creation of the indirect subrogated service, keepership services that offers the Institute across private organizations. These subrogated keepership have received a model from the IMSS, which has had to be adapted according to its needs, due to the environment in which they work is different. Due to its hybrid nature some behaviors exist in its performers that haven't been reflected at all and have created problems in its organization. The interest in this investigation is to determine which is the nature of the hybrid organizations? Which is the process of model transference in this type of organizations? and to identify how this fact is reflected in the identity and the behavior of its performers. This will be helpful as a guideline for any organization that belongs to this kind of cases in order to improve the performance
Las instituciones de seguridad social latinoamericana han presentado serios problemas, como es el caso del IMSS en México. Dentro de los principales problemas se encuentran: la escasa cobertura; los fuertes desequilibrios financieros y actuariales; el aumento del desempleo; falta o retraso en el pago de cuotas de los empresarios; los rendimientos negativos de las inversiones y el fuerte componente de los gastos administrativos. Bajo este contexto el IMSS ha tenido que establecer estrategias de cambio en su estructura y forma de organización, lo que le ha permitido solucionar parcialmente sus problemas. Una de estas estrategias es la creación del servicio inidirecto subrogado, servicio de guarderías que otorga el Instituto, a través de organizaciones privadas. Estas guarderías subrogadas han recibido un modelo del IMSS, el cual ha tenido que ser adaptado a sus necesidades, debido a que el medio ambiente en el que ellas funcionan es diferente. Por su naturaleza híbrida existen comportamientos en sus actores que han sido poco reflexionados y que han originado problemas en su forma de organización. El interés en esta investigación es determinar cuál es la naturaleza de las organizaciones híbridas, cuál es el proceso de transferencia de modelos en este tipo de organizaciones e identificar cómo se refleja este hecho en la identidad y el comportamiento de sus actores. Esto servirá como guía para cualquier organización que se encuentre en este caso, lo que permitirá mejorar su desempeño
Sultan, Taïeb Hélène. "Coordination, organisations, institutions : un modele theorique de la firme application a la firme sovietique et a la firme russe en transition." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHESA034.
Full textThis dissertation aims at studying the representation of the firm in economics. Our approach is focused on coordination processes. Our goal is to elaborate a conception of the firm (other than orthodox). This conception holds the firms as a system composed of various interrelated elements. The firm is a collective unit whereas it cannot be understood without taking individuals into account. This interaction between the individual level and the collective level underlines that the firm is an organisation which produces institutions. Part 1 consists in a theoretical elaboration. Chapter 1 compounds critical analyses of orthodox approaches of the firm (mainly the neo-classical and neo-institutional theories). Chapter 2 deals with the methodological bases of our conception of the firm. The concepts of institution and organisation are defined and discussed. The core of our theoretical assumptions consists in representing coordination in the firm by three interrelated dimensions (chapters 3, 4 & 5): (1) the coordination in the production process (based on the evolutionist term of competence); (2) the coordination between employer end employee (based on the marxian notion of conflict); (3) the coordination between firms (inspired by the works of richardson and aoki) part 2 consists in applying this model to coordination in the soviet and russian firm. Applicability to the soviet system is discussed in chapter 6. The following analysis shows a combination between both hierarchical and horizontal coordination within firms to be responsible for major harmful effects (chapter 7). Chapter 8 examines evidences for changes in the three dimensions of coordination in russia, based on results of a field survey involving 142 industrial firms. This was developed by the author in collaboration with the french institute of statistics (insee) in 1996
Ndoumbaye, André. "Les institutions internationales de cooperation et leur contribution au developpement des etats membres depuis les independances de 1960 a 1990." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA122003.
Full textDuring the 19th central, the african states we know now were territories dominated by european countries. To become politically sovereign independent states must ensure their own economic and social development. However, beling weak because ofg their too important or too small territorial dimensions on one hand, because of their limited resources on the other hanb, they have no other alternative but interstate cooperation through common institutions. So, we can see, in central africa : - the attempts to create the central africa republics union in 1960 - the creation of the custom and econolic union in central africa in 1964 - the creation of the central africa states union in 1968 - the creation of the economic community of the great lakes countries in 1976 - the creation of the economic community of the central africa states in 1983 after deduction of the important number of the international institutions situated in the aera of central africa, the question wich comes to one's mind is to know the assment of the concreate realizations necessary to the economic and social development of the states members. In other words, what is the level of economic development those states are today upstart through common institutions ?
Taïbouni, Amina. "Les organisations internationales et la gouvernance dans la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord : entre perception et réalité : le cas de l'Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1041&f=21730.
Full textWith the evolution of the concept of governance in the discourse of international organizations as a guideline, we show that this concept carried by the World Bank, despite the neoliberal ideology that animates it, has brought a lot in terms of development. Given that governance is presented as a universal solution, allowing economic growth and human development, indicators have been created to measure its quality. Based on an analysis of the methodology of construction and evaluation of the main indicators of governance and institutions created: Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), worldwide governance indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the index of economic freedom of the Heritage Foundation, and the corruption perceptions index (CPI) of Transparency International, we prove that these measurement tools, despite their wide distribution, have shortcomings in their construction and use. These are mostly perception cues and as such, they remain imperfect, inaccurate and some are biased. International assessments of governance in Middle East and North Africa region countries, and particularly in Algeria, are mitigated. They point out both the delays reported and the progress made in the various areas of assessed governance. The analysis of the international assessment of governance in Algeria allowed us, on the one hand, to update the inaccuracy of the governance scores attributed to Algeria, the limits of perception of the experts, the ideological bias of certain indicators that reflects on Algeria's rankings and the gap between the scores and the reality on the ground; on the other hand, by comparing the evaluations of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Algeria, we show that the latter approach, local and participative, is the most appropriate in the Algerian context. UNDP Algeria in fact, is working in the field, which makes its analyses closer to reality. Beyond the insufficiencies of their tools, international assessments express in general terms the state of governance in Algeria on its negative aspects as well as positive. Thus, progress in the field of human rights or human development is welcomed by international institutions. Whether positive or negative, their assessments have a positive impact as they encourage the public authorities to further improve certain areas such as the business climate even if there are still aspects of governance where efforts need to be pursued like transparency in management of public affairs and anti-corruption struggle
Esquivel, Castillo Luis Alejandro. "Le micro-crédit, outil de financement pour les micro-entreprises dans les pays en développement : le cas du Pérou." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010029.
Full textLootvoet, Erik. "Approche institutionnelle de l'influence et de la sensibilité des organisations : Le cas de l'adoption des pratiques visant à réduire les infections nosocomiales dans les établissements de soins français." Phd thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005179.
Full textBertina, Ludovic-Pierre. "La « conversion » écologiste de l’Eglise catholique en France : sociologie politique de l’appropriation du référent écologiste par une institution religieuse." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP023/document.
Full textThe publication of Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ contributed to the exposure of the Catholic Church’s “conversion” to ecology. By analysing this emerging movement in the French context, we want to single out the structural effects of the assimilation of environmental concern by a religious institution. Three levels of analysis will be followed: a philosophical, an individual and an institutional one. The first step will evaluate the papal line on ecology, the second will focus on the identity of Catholic ecologist activists, and the third one will assess the scope of the Church’s ecological movement. On each of these aspects, the Catholic Church reach a compromise with postmodern society, emphasizing the need for a spiritualization of ecological stakes, which values relationship at the expense of individualism. Legitimized by the Vatican, the Catholic ecological movement is organized around local initiatives under the soft control of the episcopate. However, this autonomy acquired by the activists doesn’t weaken the hierarchy of the Church, since militants find an advantage in preserving the image of an institution capable of responding to the uncertainties caused by our societies. The Church “conversion” to ecology thus generates an individualization of militant commitment along with institutional involvement in environmental controversies. These contrary motions certainly promote the institutionalization of environmental concern. Nevertheless, this “conversion” will only be effective if the Church is incorporated within the framework of a quest for greater consistency, where policy making will be as important as the value of spirituality
Paul, Benedique. "Le capital institutionnel dans l'analyse du changement économique et social : Application dans le secteur de la microfinance en Haïti." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565414.
Full textAngot, Sylvère. "La "modernisation de l'Etat", indifférente à l'expertise des services en territoires : la réforme de l'Administration Territoriale de l'Etat dans les domaines de la Cohésion sociale et du Développement durable (2009-2015)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2004.
Full textThe "modernization of the State" is a recurring theme of successive country leaders. The Reform of the State Territorial Administration (2010) is bringing about a lasting change in the organization of the State administration and decentralized services. Here we show its contradictory dynamics. First, the reform is based on certain objectives and tools of new public management (Hood 1981) : performance of public action, reduction of costs and staff, mergers of services, sharing of support functions, development of agencies, and digitization of public services. However, it neglects other principles of this doctrine : territorial expertise, evaluation of public action, territorial nodality, collection of information on social issues, and bottom-up feedback. The reform strengthens the decentralized regional level, which is in charge of steering, leading, coordinating, observing and evaluating public policies (in particular the DREALs and DRJSCSs). But development of this rare, high-level expertise faces many challenges : training civil servants to carry out these new missions, uncertainty generated by the dissociation between regional (maintained under ministerial supervision) and departmental (supervised more closely by the prefecture) decentralized services, competition for legitimacy between weakened decentralized services, strengthened agencies (notably in their budgetary prerogatives) and territorial authorities benefiting from transfers of competencies. “Déconcentration” appears to be declining in the French system, while the links between the State and local decentralized authorities are underused. Finally, the reform conveys a deeply institutional, centralized vision and methods : with negotiations at the top of the State, top-down application logic, short timescales, strengthening of prefectoral supervision, hierarchical coordination, and institutional isomorphism. Focused on the institutional project, the reorganization excludes a reflection on local expertise, professional content of projects, and partisan mutual adaptation between stakeholders. There have been successive reforms, which have had a lasting impact on the sense of action and autonomy of professional groups in the field, causing many agents to suffer, and leaving the services in uncertain and transitory situations. It is therefore doubtful that the overall objective of public performance of the reform will be achieved. Our analysis of public sector work is based on a triple focus on institutions, organizations and professions. Thus, we show that the concrete work of the agents of these merged decentralized services has been overlooked in the reforms. This thesis illuminates the current situation of tensions in the administrative field, between the "modernization" carried out by the executive government, the Ministry of the Budget, the "Nobility of the State" (high ranking officials) on the one hand; and on the other hand, the competition between various sectoral ministries and territorial services to maintain their functions and their vision of the State. Here we use three public policy analyses to address this issue. In the new field of "social cohesion", we show that the convergence of sheltering and access to housing policies for disadvantaged people is mainly carried out at the departmental level (the case of Ile-de-France is not studied). Our study of the elimination of the Popular Education and Youth Adviser role (CEPJ) raises the question of how knowledge and expertise can be maintained in advising and communication about territorial issues within the State. The case of housing energy renovation policies presents a complex landscape, located between several public policy sectors (housing, energy-climate, industry, and social policies), clearly illustrating the difficulty inherent in coordinating the many existing national and local mechanisms in the field of "sustainable development" or "energy transition"
Park, Sung-Hye. "La pluridisciplinarité dans les musées et centres d'art contemporain." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010503.
Full textIn the last decades of the twentieth century, contemporary museums and art centers have been very dynamic : redefinition, expansion and modernization. They transform to meet the needs of contemporary societies. In this evolution multidisciplinarity is considered as one of the most significant innovation. It contributes to the renewal of the museum concept and participates in the invention of cultural complexes. Our thesis aims to elucidate the emergence and dissemination of multidisciplinarity in society, art and culture. More specifically, the study focuses on the organizational, professional and cultural implications of multidisciplinarity in contemporary art institutions. ln the light of the experience of the Pompidou Center, it takes into consideration structures and operations, changes and evolution and the management of cultural programs. The study of internal features and their impact on multidisciplinary exhibition shows how the Center has brought together all of its departrnents, naturally centered on themselves, giving them coherence and visibilitv Furthermore, the analysis of export, transposition or rejection of the Pompidou Center model is undertaken by examining the Tate Modem and the Pompidou Center-Metz, which raises the question of the sustainability of the idea of multidisciplinarity as a social value. Finally, the thesis shows that cultural institutions dedicated to a comprehensive approach of artistics disciplines tend to promo te a multidisciplinary approach to art and culture in society
Leterme, Cédric. "Hégémonie et recontextualisation discursives du néolibéralisme :Analyse lexicométrique de 40 ans de rapports annuels de l’OCDE, de la Banque mondiale et de l’OIT." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/244588.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Vianès, Emmanuel. "Entre guerre et paix : les Administrations Internationales Post-Belligérantes." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30075.
Full textBeside peace operations, the concept of international post-belligerent (post-conflict) administration is a particular form of territorial administration in international relations. In exceptional situations, an international Authority is set up during transitional periods that fluctuate between war and peace to settle territorial disputes and/or problems of governance. The basis of this type of political institution is that an international actor has responsibility for the temporary administration of a territory in a post-belligerent situation, that it discharges that function in the interest of the population and of international society, that it juxtaposes the international and internal legal orders, that it establishes joint governance structures and that it can act in international relations on behalf of the territory it administers. Studying this concept entails establishing the connection between public international law and international relations so that one can dissect the “idea” and determine an approach. In practice, experimentation in the realm of international post-belligerent (post-conflict) administration comprises a plenary phase, partnership and local ownership of the process and has as its end-purpose the building of a bridge between the impact of statism in the international system and the propagation of the norms of international society. This is demonstrated in the light of the developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and East Timor
Dahmani, Taous Rose. "Faire scène : stratégies d'émergence et d'institutionnalisation des photographes noirs britanniques dans la longue décennie 80." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H082.
Full textDuring the long 1980s, non-white photographers and Black women photographers imagined forms of opposition to a milieu that consistently ignored them. Individually and collectively, Black photographers challenged continual denial with gestures of resistance. Together, and on their own they made their scene. Instigators of a multitude of acts, they became the agents of their being recognised as artist-photographers. The scene produced an empowerment which in turn shaped that scene. This thesis recounts the strategies they put in place to challenge the status quo. The creation of this scene occurred through two fundamental axes: firstly publications; and secondly exhibitions. In the first place, the study of printed matter reveals the mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion of these individuals, and indicates their essential role in encounters, exchanges, experimentation, debate, theoretical elaboration and the display of visual productions. To this end, we examine three photographers' magazines: Camerawork, Ten.8 and Polareyes; and comment on the absence of photographers' books. In the second place, our study of the need to show work on walls, through exhibitions, enables us to identify a "Do It-Yourself" attitude in which artists become curators and coordinators of spaces. The thesis concludes on the institutionalization of the scene through the history of the Association of Black Photographers as an organization. Our pivot is the emergence of a scene despite a society opposed to it, and tells the story of its slow inclusion in the world of British photography in the second half of the 20th century
Mangolte, Pierre-André. "Le concept de "routine organisationnelle" entre cognition et institution." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131040.
Full textThe concept of organizational routine was avanced in 1982 by nelson et winter as means to explain the behavior of firms in an evolutionnist perspective. The thesis proposes an interpretation and redefinition of the concept which facilitates the integration of the institutional dimension of the economy into routine itself. Routine is associed with a general principle of behavioural explanation : the paradigm of "habits". Applied to organisations, this principle allows us to distinguish between (1) the "repertoires" of routines (or deposits) which memorize the situaded productive knowledges and (2) the actual performances or "routines in action" which express them in a certain context. The knowledges which are thus stocked are articuled or tacits, and this aspect of the theory leads to an approach which can be distinguished from other theories of the organization (simon, march, cyert). Routines facilitate the explanation of the overall performance of a firm according to the hypothesis of truce in "intra-organisational conflict". The truce maintains the totality of the members of an organization in the framework of a routine cycle within the repertoires. The relaxing the hypothesis of the truce leads a re-definition of organizational routines according to their cognitive and/or social dimensions. The repertoires can always be analysed as cognitive deposits, but they also crystallize social relationships into the form of institutions when they are sufficiently stabilised. Since the cognitive and institutional aspects do not belong to the same logic of formations, one is obliged to differentiate the processes by which different routines are transformed
Bottrup, Pernille. "Læringsrum i arbejdslivet : et kritisk blik på Den Lærende Organisation /." Sociologi, 2008. http://elibrary.ebib.dk/Home/html/Gateway.asp?institutionid=22&ISBN13=9788787811842.
Full textMaire, Sarah. "Cohabitation de logiques institutionnelles au sein d’une organisation hybride : une approche par les représentations textuelles et visuelles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0135.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to bring new insights on the identification and cohabitation of institutional logics in a hybrid organization. The question of the identification of logics is the main concern to then be able to understand the inner workings of logics, their relationships and implications in hybrid organisations, under the influence from a plurality of logics. By taking into account both textual and visual data, we contribute to consider the information contained in these data, as their role in the diffusion of logics. To support the cohabitation of logics, hybrid organizations use texts and visuals in different support. Focused on a case study, the organisation of Scouts and Guides of France, we develop several content analyses, qualitative and quantitative, textual and visual, to capture logics and understand their relationships
Ravix, Jacques-Laurent. "Production, institutions et organisation de l'industrie : une contribution à la méthode économique." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0033.
Full textThe main object is to study the recent developments of neo-institutionalism as an alternative to the standard theory of industrial organization. Methodological and history of economic thought analyses can show that a pure production approach of economics based on a realist method is still dominated by the superiority of a standard pure exchange perspective. The adoption of organization as a central concept in the analysis of productive activities modifies in a same movement the empirical content of the theory of the firm and the theory of the organization of industry. A new problematic common to standard and nonstandard economics can be defined as a study of the instutional structure of production. Then it is possible to confronte and test the various theories according to their capacities to cope with this research rpogramme
N'Guessan, N'Cho. "Le financement interafricain du développement." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL030.
Full textThe interafrican financing of development is carried out by either continental or regional organizations. These organizations, which are banks or development funds, have a classical structure with a deliberative assembly, an administrative body and an executive board. These interafrican organizations function with ressources spent according to various regulations of their constitutive charter. The operations thus carried out for the benefit of member states are subject to a yearly evaluation - which allows to measure their efficiency as well as their limitations
Kiganga, Siroko Edgard. "Système politique et organisation juridictionnelle au Congo : l'évolution du contentieux administratif." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF10119.
Full textThe organisation of juridictions of a state may be a kind of mirror wich can reveal the disposition of his politic system. The congolese way to juge administratives claims by tribunals and courts have been transposed since the french colonisation period. Recovering her sovereignty, congolese authorities tried to get rid of the ascendancy of Conseil d'État of france and build up local court for local administratives claims. With marxism and socialist legislation, the philosophy of the administratives claims system changed, it have consisted in protecting socialist political rule. The economic integration in wich congo is engaged and wich recommend liberal trade and open market like economic european community will set up a new system of administratives claims near the frenchone or near the other states of the economic community of the states of central Africa
Ouarem, Nacer. "Sonatrach entre institution et organisation : analyse institutionnaliste du secteur des hydrocarbures en Algérie (1958-2006)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0025.
Full textSonatrach has been always a topic of particular interest for researchers. It was the first attempt of industrialization in Algeria during the period 1960-1970 and then the source of debts and crisis from 1986 to 1994. With the rebound of oil price, it became a way out of the crisis and a financial source for economic growth. Il is difficult to study Sonatrach independently of its national and international environment. It was created in a very complicated political context and today it is considered as a means of regulation and pressure. The level of its performance has impacts the macroeconomic policy of Algeria. The Algerian systemic adjustments and adaptations have affected the strategy orientation of Sonatrach (1979, 1986 1991 and 2005). The objective of his thesis is to analyze the evolution of the hydrocarbon sector in Algeria between 1958 and 2006. In the first part, we examine the dynamics of the market to understand its functioning and impact of the commodity on the geopolitical strategies of actors in particular as regards security of supply. The nature of the assets involved in the oil industry is key in choosing the particular actors in strategic alliances. In the second part, with the principal component analysis (PCA), we examine the evolution of every activity of Sonatrach and of its partners. The analysis of the legal activity conducted allows us to explain the context in which the laws were introduced (n° 086-14 and n° 91-22; n° 05-07) and how they impacting the performance of Sonatrach and shareholders
Park, Chung-Yeol. "Institution, firme et organisation : le Chaebol (1960-2004), entreprise représentative de la Corée." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131003.
Full textOn the basis of theoretical analysis of firms and institutions, this thesis sheds light on the relationship between the institutional framework and the organizational form of the representative firms of a country through the case study of Korean Chaebol. The institutional framework set up under the strong influence of the industrial policies of the developmental Korean state played a determining role in the emergence and development of the representative firms, the Chaebols. Their growth strategies resulted in a particular organizational form, characterized by the constitution of a number of legally independent companies operating in various industries and a unique hierarchical structure controlled by the owner. Their main organizational features remained unchanged in spite of the weakening of the visible hand of the state and the institutional modification observed after the financial crisis in 1997 whose main objective was to transform the economic system into the market based one
Vancaelemont, Anne. "Matérialité et travail institutionnel des consommateurs. Le cas de l'industrie de la musique enregistrée face à la "dématérialisation" (1994-2014)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED039/document.
Full textConsumers are most of the time left at the margins of neo-institutional theory. Yet, the institutional work concept makes it possible to consider consumer practices aimed at maintaining or disrupting formerly institutionalized practices or at creating new ones. Furthermore, taking into account the practices material dimension allows us to consider how objects play a role in consumer institutional work processes. The case of the French recorded music industry from 1994 to 2014 - when MP3 downloading then streaming overcame CD consumption practices - is studied with a grounded theory inductive approach. Our dissertation shows that consumers collaborate in order to perform institutional work (maintaining, disrupting and creating institutionalized practices). To disrupt institutionalized practices, they use « bricolage » to assemble available practices and objects, among themcommunity-objects that play a specific role: sharing information and objects. Moreover, material resilience, not only contributes to practice maintenance but also to disruption and new practices institutionalization
Springuel, Aubry. "L’influence entre organisations : Des dynamiques entre consentement et activation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX35000/document.
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Canabate, Alice. "Les visions du monde des dirigeants associatifs de protection de la nature : entre quêtes de sens et rationalité d'actions." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H067.
Full textForty years ago, during the 1960-1970's euphoria of the economical growth, associative gathering around the question of the future of the planet was born. The shared consciousness and denunciation of the lack of sustainability in the way nature is administered, reveals Economy as the origin and the central concern of ecological contestation. Nevertheless some of the organizations born in this context of ecological mobilization are today consulted and thus, in a way, engaged with the institutional and political apparatuses that make up public environmental policy. As a consequence, this new form of political associations enables certain directors - however they are lightly representative of the array of organizations - to emerge on the public space on these questions. However their position is ambiguous. First of all, because there is an epistemic contradiction between ecological and economical rationality and secondly because the imperatives and the visions of future of the political power, and 'more over the economical one, cannot be structurally, historically, and ideologically the same as theirs. The world views of these directors is relevant to understanding the contradictions of their positions in social and ontological terms, as well as to underlining the heteronomy they confront as they stand between the quests of meaning that their initial dissenting position yields, and the rationality of actions they are bound to conform to
O'Miel, Julien. "Mirages de la démocratie. L'indétermination de l'action publique participative : Comparaison transnationale des politiques participatives des conseils régionaux du Nord-Pas de Calais et de Toscane." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20020.
Full textOver the course of the 2000s, several Regional councils in Europe produced specific public policies of participatory democracy (Poitou-Charentes, Catalonia, Rhône-Alpes, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Tuscany, etc.) This thesis is a comparative analysis of the dynamics of institutionalisation of “participatory policies” held by two Regional councils: Tuscany and Nord-Pas-de-Calais. At first glance, the comparison shows the structures of the two regional policies are relatively similar : strengthening of the participatory dimension within regionalpublic action; public support for the implementation of local participatory planning and implementation of regional public discussion planning in the framework of major infrastructure projects. Along with a transnational comparison enlightening the processes of participatory planning's circulation and the role of the experts within the field of participatory democracy, the thesis shows that the analogy between these two public policies stands partly in the effective circulation of international standards as well as in the similar position held bythe two institutions within the national politico-administrative system. However, paying attention to the special case of the circulation of the public discussion's french model within and between those two regions, and its differentiated appropriation, the analysis leads to put in perspective the thesis that states the mimetic convergence of these public policies. They actually seem to be different with regard to their structure and the participatory planning they produce.The question of the convergence/divergence of these two regional policies is even more complex as the regional players providing the participatory offers at regional level, caught up in the constraints of the “institutional game”, contribute to the nearly perpetual reassessment of the policy through successive reforms.T h e analysis then reveals how participatory democracy is institutionalised (elected delegates, specialized civil servants, and dedicated budgets) in an ordinary and undetermined manner: political orientations are hardly defined while the participatory dispositions are continuously reassessed. The long-term study of the implementation process of the policies and their reforms actually shows an ambivalent institutional effort, both sustainable and constantly in motion, but altogether inconsequential
Barrera, Ramirez Luis Martin. "Apprentissage et développement des compétences au sein des institutions hospitalières de la province du yucatan mexique." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU2005/document.
Full textThis investigation was motivated by the interest of understanding change processes in organizations and the way in which competencies affect the health sector, particularly a hospital in Yucatan. This work had the intention of modifying the actual situation that I have experimented as an author and that actually exist in organizations about how to better face change and how competencies contribute to the achievement of the organization goals. At the same time, this work seeks to demonstrate how change affects organizations regarding resistance to change factors and the situations that provoke change processes. We also show how competencies may be learnt in a health institution (case study) and we define the competencies that propitiate change and innovation in a concrete health institution in Yucatan. Last, recommendations and suggestions are proposed in order to improve the performance of the organization. For this research work, investigation-action was used, as well as techniques like participative observation, data triangulation and case study. This investigation work and its results should be used in future investigation works as a basis for designing a model for competencies development that promote change and innovation in a health institution (case study)
Mbow, Momar Khary. "Les institutions de microfinance : entre émergence, efficacité et organisation : quel impact sur la pauvreté et la scolarisation ? : le cas de l'UEMOA." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUED009.
Full textThe economic situation in developing countries has worsened in the late 90's. The Millenium Development Goals MDG) adopted at the Millenium Summit of the United Nationas in 2000, aims at halving extreme poverty by 2015. The MDG also aims at improving the access to education. Today, according to the United Nations, microfinance is an essential financial instrument for the success of this project. An important question is how microfinance or Microfinance Institutions (MFI's) can contribute to achieve MDG in the Economic and Moneraty Union of West Africa (WAEMU). More precisely, what is the social impact of MFI's in WAEMU and more particularly on poverty and education ? This thesis aims to answer this question by measuring their social impact. The emergence and the place of MFI's in the WAEMU as well as in the global financial systems are also analysed. In this thesis, we use panel regressions on macro-economic data and show that MFI's positively affects poverty through the variable « average real income of the population ». MFI are also found to affect the enrollment and enrollment rates in primary and secundary education. The thesis shows, however, that the social impact ot MFI on poverty and schooling goes through the penetration and the degrees of proximity of MFI's activities within the population. It also shows that the amounts or volumes of financial funds mobilized by the MFI do not affect poverty and schooling in the WAEMU
Berlioz, Sophie. "Vers un réalisme social des êtres collectifs : du mode d'existence des objets sociaux, des institutions et des entreprises." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0106.
Full textThis work in the area of social ontology concerns the nature and the dynamics of collective social entities such as, social ordinary objects, institutions and firms. The aim is to understand whether social entities that are distinct from individuals that make them up can exist, and if so how they can exist and be real. More specifically, the aim is to evidence the links within social reality between individuals and collectives, from an exploration of the modes of existence of social objects and modes of "togetherness" in collectives. Our approach is realist: we defend that social objects and institutions are mind-dependant, but that the dynamics and the interactions processes that it enables are real. For this purpose, we propose a theoretical distinction between two types of collective social entity. Typel collective entities (EC1) correspond to objects that are collectively recognised, such as firms, bills, work of art. Type 2 collective entities (EC2) correspond to groups of individuals who can associate, coordinate with a view to a common objective, and in certain conditions act as collective agents. For instance, it is the case for the business enterprises which survives to the substitution of its members. After successively considering the nature and modes of existence of these two types of collective entity (mixed compositions, retroactivity, processes) we will show that they are closely linked within institutions. Institutions are both social objects that are collectively recognised, and places of collective action. Using different analyses and examples, we will show that the understanding of the activities occurring within these settings requires two aspects to be taken into account. In the last part of this work the ontological tools identified in the earlier analyses are applied to the business enterprise, analysed as a hierarchical organization, place of power, action and formal and informal networks. The questions of integration of agents into the entity formed by the business enterprise, of the possibility of acting as a collective agent and of the sustainability of the business enterprise over time are also examined in detail, outlining the fundamental properties of this specific social entity
Santamaria, Jean-Baptiste. "La Chambre des comptes de Lille de 1386 à 1419 : essor, organisation et fonctionnement d'une institution princière." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30012.
Full textIn 1386, Philippe the Bold founded a Chamber of accounts in Lille, one of the main devices for the integration of the southern Low-Countries into the emerging Burgundian state. Faithful to the legacy of the Flanders and Artois administrations in its procedures, the newly created institution was also influenced by the Monarchy, a fact to which both its work methods and the origin of its officers bear witness. Within the frame of a bipolar princely state looking towards France, the institution was part of a network of Chambers (Paris, Dijon, Lille and soon Brussels) who exchanged data and competences. With more than 200 accounts to control every year, the institution was overwhelmed with work, but is was considered essentially by the Dukes of Burgundy for its ability to treat information obtained through a good network of correspondants and from accountancy and diplomatic archives. The Chamber managed, under John The Fearless especially, to broaden its field of action by increasing the domains of its competence and taking hold of strategic accounts like those of the royal receiver of aids or the ducal receiver of all finances. The Chamber also succeeded in establishing firm authority on land and currencies and acquired the status of a court of Justice recognized by Parliament. Sanctuary to the Dukes' authority, it was the voice of law enforcement but also celebrated the Prince's magnanimity. The Chamber, in its role as a counsel to the Prince and in sometimes managing his finances, arrived at the threshold of power ; it could never, however, fully control the financial administration
Tranier, John. "Vers une vision intégrale des systèmes multi-agents : Contribution à l'intégration des concepts d'agent,d'environnement, d'organisation et d'institution." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203489.
Full textPybourdin, Isabelle. "Appropriation des Technologies de l'information et de la communication : le cas d'un projet engageant conduit au sein d'une institution éducative du premier degré. Approche communicationnelle, accompagnement, médiations." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429701.
Full textTraoré, Alassane Lamine. "Innovations technologiques - stratégies - institutions et création de valeur : les déterminants de la mutation des structures de marché et de la dynamique concurrentielle en questions dans les télécommunications - le cas du Mali." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA111019.
Full textLepetit, Bernard. "Armature urbaine et organisation de l'espace dans la France préindustrielle (1740-1840)." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010639.
Full textGâteau, Benjamin. "Modélisation et Supervision d'Institutions Multi-Agents." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777825.
Full textMatyjasik, Nicolas. "L'évaluation des politiques publiques dans une France décentralisée : institutions, marché et professionnels." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543239.
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