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Nachbagauer, Andreas G. M., and Iris Schirl-Boeck. "Managing the unexpected in megaprojects: riding the waves of resilience." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 12, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 694–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-08-2018-0169.
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Purpose Risk management and uncertainty in megaprojects is a flourishing topic in project management, while the unexpected is still a neglected matter. The purpose of this paper is to offer conceptual clarifications of the unexpected based on second-order-cybernetics and systems theory. While transferring findings from organisation theory to project management, the article provides fresh insights into managing the unexpected in megaprojects. Design/methodology/approach Being grounded on constructionism and systems theory, the conceptual paper explores selected research approaches from organisation theory: research on high-reliability organising, organisational resilience and organisational improvising, on contributions to managing the unexpected in megaprojects. Using the framework of meaning i.e. the factual, social and temporal dimensions, challenges of handling the unexpected are analysed and (effects of) decision-making structures for such projects are defined. Findings This paper argues that classic project management, while neglecting the fundamental distinction between risk, uncertainty and the unexpected, sticks to a planning-and-controlling approach. But the unexpected cannot be planned; however, organisations and managers can prepare for the unexpected. This requests a balance between structure and self-organisation in planning, communication, hierarchy and organisational culture. Understanding the contradictions inherent in managing megaprojects allows for smart decision-making when riding the waves of resilience. Originality/value The study adds to the literature on complexity and uncertainty in project management by enhancing the view to include the unexpected. While rejecting the universal applicability of rationality-based risk and controlling conceptions, shifting to second-order cybernetics and integrating elements of resilient organising increases the understanding of handling the unexpected in megaprojects.
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Fontannaz, S., and H. Oosthuizen. "The development of a conceptual framework to guide sustainable organisational performance." South African Journal of Business Management 38, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v38i4.590.
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The emergence of the networked economy implies that traditional management approaches no longer suffice in addressing the challenge of complexity. This is compounded by the existence of divergent approaches to determining organisational performance in both management practice and academia, resulting in an execution gap occurring between strategy formulation and results.This article contributes to an understanding of organisational performance by integrating the divergent approaches to determining organisational performance into the Performance ‘ESP’ framework. This provides a conceptual framework to guide organisational development. The research to validate the framework includes a grounded theory approach, comprising a meta-analytical study of existing research, in-depth qualitative interviews and the pilot testing of the Performance ESP Index, which provides a composite measure of the multi-faceted stakeholder view of organisational performance.The research concludes that organisational performance resides in an organisation’s ability to integrate the divergent approaches, to create an execution culture with the necessary dynamic capabilities for sustainable organisational performance in addressing the challenge of complexity. There needs to be diversity in executive abilities at board level to ensure the integration of strategy and people to create the execution culture. Furthermore, leadership should focus on the strategic fusion of strategy and people, whilst management should focus on developing the strategic paradigm throughout the organisation to ensure an execution culture.The Performance ESP framework provides a diagnostic tool to assess the existence of an execution culture to address the challenge of complexity. The purpose of the assessment tool is to complement the financial metrics of profitability, to ensure a balance between short term profitability and growth for sustainable organisational performance.Further research is required to confirm the reliability of the Performance ESP index as the initial pilot study, whilst indicative of the potential of the instrument, did not provide conclusive evidence of reliability.
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Dominic, Elizabeth, Vijay Victor, Robert Jeyakumar Nathan, and Swetha Loganathan. "Procedural Justice, Perceived Organisational Support, and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour in Business School." Organizacija 54, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orga-2021-0013.
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Abstract Background/Purpose: The effectiveness of a Business School depends on the extra role behaviours or Organ-isational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) of its committed academics. The social exchange theory postulates that employees tend to display OCB when they know how their organisation would treat them. As B-School academics’ inclination towards OCB is less understood, this study examines the interaction between Procedural Justice (PJ), Perceived Organisational Support (POS) and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) among B-School academics. Methods: A survey was carried out to collect data from B-School academics, 378 responses were collected from B-Schools from the state of Kerala, India. Data validity and reliability analyses, and direct and indirect effects of research variables were tested using Partial Least Square (PLS) path modelling. Results: The results indicate PJ positively influences POS as well as dimensions of the OCB for B-School academics. Contrary to previous OCB studies, this study finds that POS do not significantly relate to Courtesy. The findings also show that POS fully mediates PJ’s relationship with Altruism, Conscientiousness and Civic Virtues of B-School academics. Conclusion: This research explains the dynamics of PJ and POS towards OCB in a B-School setting. The academic setting of this study provides more insight into the relationships and provides insights into enhancing the organisational citizenship behaviour of academics in enhancing educational outcomes. Further, it also adds to existing understanding of organisational behaviour theory.
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Cantero, Javier, Natalia Lorena Gonzalez, and Daiana Diaz. "Managing innovation in the Argentinian nuclear sector." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 30, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-12-2016-0343.
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Purpose The design, construction, and operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) pose technological and R&D challenges for the organisations concerned. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the sources of innovation and the technological developments throughout the construction and commissioning processes for Atucha II NPP. Design/methodology/approach Studying a high-risk organisation that is reliable in practice poses several research questions the authors consider in this work. What kind of R&D processes can take place in a mature industry like the nuclear sector in Argentina? How have technological challenges been overcome since the restart of the completion phase of Atucha II NPP? Primary data were mostly gathered through semi-structured interviews. Grounded theory was the methodological approach adopted. Findings Multiple sources of technological developments arise, an incremental R&D pattern being the most salient. Atucha II NPP seems to be a case of network innovation in a triple helix innovation scheme led by the Argentinian state. In effect, one of the outcomes of the construction of the Atucha II NPP was the development of the Argentinian nuclear sector together with the development of organisational capabilities. In this sense, the third Argentine NPP follows the socio-technical path of the Argentine nuclear industry. Originality/value Too little is known about R&D processes in high reliability organisations (HROs), especially in the nuclear sector of a Latin American country such as Argentina as there seem to be no organisational studies analysing HROs’ impact on innovation, reliability, and economic development.
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Steyn, Renier. "Leadership Styles and Organisational Structure." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 10, no. 3 (July 26, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i3.17295.
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Background: In the call for papers to the 18th International Studying Leadership Conference, the organisers present an argument that leadership is place-bound, and ask a very specific question: “Why does leadership style vary from place-to-place?” This article presents a response to the assumption implicit in this question and also answers the following question: “Does leadership style differ from place-to-place?” Theoretical underpinning: The link between leadership styles and organisational structure is implicit, given general systems theory (Von Bertalanffy, 1968). Leadership styles are presented in terms of Pearce, Sims Jr, Cox, Ball, Schnell, Smith and Treviño’s (2003) typology of leadership styles and organisational structure typology, as specified by Mintzberg’s (1992, 2009). Aim: The aim of this article is to present empirical information on the relationship between leadership styles and the organisational structures within which they manifest. This will provide an answer to the question, “Does leadership style differ from place-to-place?” Ultimately, this may contribute to aligning leaders to organisations. Setting: Data was collected from nine medium-to-large sized organisations operating within an urban environment in South Africa. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect quantitative data on leadership styles. Data on organisational structure was collected by subject matter experts. Analyses of variance were performed to test hypotheses that leadership styles are equal across organisational structures. Results: The measures of leadership styles showed acceptable levels of reliability and evidence of factorial validity. Statistically significant differences between the leadership styles were detected for transformational, transactional, and directive leadership, but not for empowering leadership. Only for directive leadership were these differences practically significant. These results were linked to organisational structure data. Discussion: Although it is not difficult to create hypotheses linking leadership styles with organisational structure, it was difficult to find these differences in the data and to find cases where these hypotheses held across all the organisations. Practical significant differences occurred for directive leadership only. Conclusion: Before asking, “Why does leadership style vary from place-to-place?” this research asked, “Does leadership style differ from place-to-place?” Given this particular sample, and the manner in which place was defined, place does not seem to dictate the leadership style present in a particular environment.
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Nicholds, Boyd Alexander, and John P. T. Mo. "Reliability analysis of productivity enhancement initiatives." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 6 (October 15, 2018): 1003–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2016-0187.
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Purpose Process improvement (PI) projects in manufacturing suffer from high failure rates, often due to management capability overstretch. An organisation’s management may be unaware that they lack the necessary capability to achieve desired performance gains from a particular PI project. As a consequence, PI projects containing a level of complexity are undertaken but the organisation is not capable of providing the required resources. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for assessing whether a productivity enhancement initiative which develops into PI projects have a good probability of success (POS). The risk assessment method predicts the POS in achieving desired performance targets from a PI project. Design/methodology/approach The POS of a system can be measured in terms of reliability. An operation with a high POS indicates high reliability of the system’s ability to perform. Reliability is a form of risk assessment. When applied to PI projects, several key factors should be addressed. First, risk should be modelled with a framework that includes human factors. Second, time is an important dimension due to the need for persistence in effort. This research proposes the concept of performance effectiveness function, kP, that links the capability of an organisation with its performance level. A PI reliability function indicating the probably of success of the PI projects can then be derived at the design stage by combining the capability score and actual performance. Findings The PI reliability function has been developed and tested with an industry case in which a PI project is planned. The analysis indicates that the company is far from ideal to do the project. Research limitations/implications The reliability function may be used as a decision support tool to assist decision makers to set realistic performance gain targets from PI projects. The data set for deriving the function came from automotive and metal industries. Further research is required to generalise this methodology to other industries. Practical implications The reliability-based approach fills the gap in PI literature with a more holistic approach to determine the POS. Using the system’s reliability as an indicator, decision makers can analyse the system’s design so that resources can be used to increase key capabilities and hence the overall system’s POS can be increased more effectively. Social implications Many manufacturing organisations are looking to improve their operations by projects that aim to reduce waste in their operations. However, researches show that while achieving desired performance gain from PI is possible, it is by no means certain due to human factors. This research provides a decision support tool that evaluates human factors as well. Originality/value The originality lies in integration of the reliability theory to PI risk assessment and the novel method of characterising organisational capabilities to work towards meeting desired performance targets from manufacturing PI projects. This work has good potential to generalise for estimating the POS of other types of development projects.
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Kamran, Maria, Fatima Farooq, and Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman. "Corporate Governance and Organisational Performance: An Empirical Analysis." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v3i3.67.
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The study focuses on organisational performance based on the financial indicators including ROA, ROE, sales and similar elements. The research proposed that corporate governance practices could play a vital role in organisational performance. Therefore various practices of corporate governance were chosen and tested their impact. The study sample comprises of the respondents working in various Telecom Sector that includes: Mobilink, Telenor, Ufone, and Zong across Pakistan. A total of 320 useable responses were used. Data were collected through a questionnaire by sending through mail and online. A pilot testing was conducted to test the reliability ad validity for the instrument, with the pilot sample of 55 respondents. After testing the validity and reliability, further data were collected and tested the hypotheses devised thorough a study based on literature review. Employing correlational and regression tests, we analyzed the data. The results indicate that there was a positive and significant effect of corporate governance practices on organizational performance. Out of five hypotheses, three hypotheses were approved while two got rejected. The detail findings are shown in the analysis chapter. The study concludes with discussion, limitations and future research directions including implications both for theory and practitioners.
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Enya, Andrew, Manikam Pillay, and Shane Dempsey. "A Systematic Review on High Reliability Organisational Theory as a Safety Management Strategy in Construction." Safety 4, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety4010006.
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Na-Nan, Khahan, and Natthaya Wongsuwan. "Development and validation of perceived workplace support for small and medium-sized enterprise employees." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-12-2018-1608.
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Purpose Perceived workplace support (PWS) is an employee’s perception of perceived organisational support (POS), perceived supervisor support (PSS), perceived co-worker support (PCS) and perceived sufficient resource support (PSRS) to operate effectively. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development and validation of employee’s PWS instrument in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach A total of 15 items of employees’ PWS instrument in SMEs were developed from the measurement base of earlier published research, concepts and theory. The instrument was applied to a cross-sectional study and data were collected as factor analyses to confirm and ascertain construct validity. Reliability was tested by measuring the internal consistency. Findings The instrument showed excellent reliability at 0.894. Four factors as “POS”, “PSS”, “PCS” and “PSRS” were extracted and confirmed from the confirmatory factor analysis. Originality/value PWS studies are often used by researchers, human resource departments and organisations to investigate the level of employee support. The instrument developed from this study will enable researchers, human resource departments and organisations to explore levels of POS, PSS, PCS and PSRS.
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Kengatharan, Navaneethakrishnan. "A knowledge-based theory of the firm." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 6 (September 2, 2019): 1056–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-03-2018-0096.
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Purpose Drawing on the knowledge-based theory of the firm, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between each facet of intellectual capital, productivity and firms’ performance and further investigate, heretofore neglected, a mediating effect of productivity in the relationship between each facet of intellectual capital and firms’ performance. Design/methodology/approach Data were garnered with a self-reported questionnaire from 232 firm managers working in various industries: banking, insurance, telecommunications and hotels. Reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Prior to hypothesis testing using structural equation modelling, as a caveat, tests for nonresponse bias and common method variance were employed. Findings The paper confirmed that intellectual capital is the pièce de résistance and established a strong connection with productivity. The results further disclosed a positive relationship between productivity and firms’ performance. A mediated relationship between individual facets of intellectual capital and firms’ performance through productivity was also affirmed. Practical implications Chiefly, the paper underscored the importance of intellectual capital in promoting productivity and firms’ performance. It behoves human resource managers and practitioners to make the organisational arrangements to reinforce intellectual capital thereby boosting the productivity that brings organisations’ success. Originality/value Previous studies in the sphere of intellectual capital have unequivocally discounted in establishing relationships between intellectual capital, productivity and firms’ performance. The results of the paper are novel findings, unequivocally contributing to the frontiers of the knowledge-based theory of the firm and conjointly, the paper has made methodological and geographical contributions.
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Hussain, Iftikhar, Anum Khan, Amber Qurashi, Qurat-ul-Ain, and Asma Shabbir. "The Impact of Knowledge Sharing Enablers on Employees' Performance: An Empirical Study on READ Foundation in Azad Jammu & Kashmir." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 14, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649215500203.
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To investigate the critical role that knowledge sharing enablers play in putting into practice knowledge management within schools' and impacting schools' performance. The field of knowledge management aims at enhancing performance through knowledge sharing enablers. However, not all knowledge sharing enablers have same effects. This study attempted at categorizing enablers among knowledge management users/teachers and examine whether performance changes due to these enablers. Existing literature was reviewed to shape the study design. Present research is quantitative in nature and was conducted through personal interviews to explore the proposed relationships. An instrument was adopted which was tested for validity and reliability. The research instrument was administered to respondents and 110 responses were acquired. Convenience sampling is used to select the respondents. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse data. The current research found that among the knowledge sharing enablers' cultural characteristics, rewards and incentives, management support, and organisation structure have significant positive relationship with schools' performance and these results supported the previous studies. The findings also indicate that growth in job and task achievement is also positively related with schools' performance. The result also revealed that knowledge sharing enablers (cultural characteristics, rewards and incentives, management support, organisation structure) are becoming important to increase teachers' motivation. The findings also reflect that among the knowledge sharing enabler's; organisation structure has more influence on employees' performance. The present research results not only confirmed theory with practice; but also presented a reference for the knowledge practitioners as well as the teachers and business professionals. The present study has revealed that setting up knowledge sharing enablers are important for implementing knowledge management and is an important mean for improving organisational performance. Knowledge sharing does not only help in managing knowledge, but instead it plays the role of enhancing organisational performance by taking on the duty of assisting and coordinating different departments in their sharing of information and knowledge.
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Rop, Lydia Jerotich, and Josphat Kwasira. "INFLUENCE OF TALENT ATTRACTION ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES IN COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF NAKURU, KENYA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 8 (October 30, 2015): 2453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v10i8.2055.
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ABSTRACTPublic universities in Kenya are operating in an environment which is faced with a lot of competition. This is because over the years the number of Universities has drastically increased and there has been advancement in technology bringing about shortage of talent. Institutions are increasingly looking at talent as a unique asset that can provide sustainable competitive advantage and superior performance. This research sought to establish the influence of talent attraction on organizational performance. The study was guided by Maslows theory. The target population for the study was; managers, academic staff and non-academic staff in campuses of public universities in county government of Nakuru, Kenya. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to determine the sample of each stratum of various sub population of total sample unit size of 102. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The instrument was pilot tested to ascertain the reliability of the research instrument using Cronbach Alpha. The reliability of the research instrument was found to be 0.794 which was considered reliable. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to present and analyze the data. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) a computer programme for windows aided the data analysis.  The study established that talent attraction showed strong positive relationship against organizational performance in Public University Campuses in County Government of Nakuru with correlation of (r = 0.640, p < 0.05) . The study recommends that HR departments to be responsive to needs and constantly changing requirements of workforce in order to improve programmes and policies as need may be. It is also important that institutions adopt talent management to improve on its  performance. The study also recommends that further research could be carried out in private universities to establish the differences
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Fox, R., E. Gabor, D. Thomas, J. Ziegler, and A. Black. "Cultivating a reluctance to simplify: exploring the radio communication context in wildland firefighting." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 8 (2017): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16166.
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Although communication is often cited as a contributor to organisational accidents, complexities of the communication context are still understudied. In training materials and some investigative reports, communication is often presented as an equipment issue or as a simple skill that can be picked up on the job. However, interviews with operational and managerial professionals in wildland firefighting reveal 10 simplifications in guidance about radio communication that do not match the complexities experienced by firefighters in the fire environment. Borrowing language from high-reliability organising theory, this study encourages the fire community to cultivate a ‘reluctance to simplify’ how communication is understood and taught, starting with introductory training. The study recommends a move away from the old information transfer model for communication and towards an ecology of meanings model for communication.
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Holzer, Martin. "Bridging Police Work with the Public Health Domain: An Occupational Safety and Health Perspective." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 10, no. 5 (November 30, 2020): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.100501.
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For good reasons, public health and public policing constitute two separate constellations of public affairs governance. They widely differ with regard to their objectives, legal basis, workforce, expertise, traditions, occupational culture and many more. In conjunction to both strands of governance Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) – being both a definition and umbrella term - encompasses any kind of activity related to foster the safety and wellbeing of workers. In that regard OSH is marked by being a highly interdisciplinary, hands-on and heuristic undertaken, in particular widely acknowledged of being ‘public health-close’ and at the same time ‘security risk management-near’. That way OSH is clearly identifiable as a highly promising interface bridging police work with public health, in particular by applying mutual theory and language. This conceptual paper proposes a new perspective and view on organisational OSH, functioning well as a legitimate medium for both frontline workers but also managerial functionaries. Vice-versa organisational OSH has been identified as a suitable trigger for transferring academic stances into the rather praxis- and realpolitik-driven domain of policing. Alongside the prototypical case study of Frontex operational OSH, OSH has been proven as legitimate driver for utilising the current pandemic COVID-19 outbreak as suitable tool for breaking down existing barriers and silos between the both mentioned strands of governance. That way as additional craft and capacity OSH might enfold truly operational strength and added value.
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Fraser, Kym, Hans-Henrik Hvolby, and Tzu-Liang (Bill) Tseng. "Maintenance management models: a study of the published literature to identify empirical evidence." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 32, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 635–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-11-2013-0185.
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Purpose – Maintenance and its management has moved from being considered a “necessary evil” to being of strategic importance for most competitive organisations around the world. In terms of the identification and use of organisational-wide maintenance management models the picture is not clears from both a literature and practical perspective. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the various models and their use in real-world applications, and in doing so, explores the gap between academic research and practice. Design/methodology/approach – For this paper two comprehensive reviews of the literature were undertaken, first, to identify and categorise the various maintenance management models, and second, to determine the depth of empirical evidence for the popular models in real-world applications. Descriptive analysis of both the practical examples and empirical evidence rates (EER) for maintenance related journals is provided. Findings – Within the literature 37 maintenance management models were identified and categorised. From these, three models were found to be popular: total productive maintenance (TPM), condition based maintenance, and reliability centred maintenance. While several thousand papers discussed these three models, only 82 articles were found to provide empirical evidence. Research limitations/implications – While providing a sound foundation for future research the outcomes are based solely on academic literature. Analysis of EER outside the field of maintenance is needed to make comparisons. Practical implications – The paper offers practitioners a detailed contemporary overview of maintenance management models along with tabulated results of practical examples to present day organisations. Such practical-focused papers are very limited within academic literature. Social implications – With EER as low as 1.5 per cent for some journals this paper acts as a reminder to researchers that they have an obligation to society to spend taxpayer funded research on addressing social needs and real-world problems. Originality/value – This paper makes a concerted attempt to link academic research with management and operational practitioners. While the paper is critical of the current academic imbalance between theory and practice, a number of suggestions to improve EER are offered in the conclusions.
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Kengatharan, Navaneethakrishnan. "Shouldering a double burden: the cultural stigma of the dogma of gender role ideology and its impact on work–family conflict." Journal of Advances in Management Research 17, no. 5 (July 13, 2020): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-03-2020-0033.
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PurposeDrawing on the role theory and work–family border theory, this study aims to examine the relationship between work/family demands and sui generis forms of work–family conflict and further investigates the gender role ideology as a moderator of the relationship between work/family demands and work–family conflict.Design/methodology/approachThe data were garnered with a self-reported questionnaire from randomly selected 569 employees working in the banking sector. As a caveat, nonresponse bias, common method variance and the reliability and validity of the measure were examined.FindingsThe results revealed that work demand and family demand were strongly related to both time- and strain-based work–family conflict; however, the relationship was not established with behavioural-based conflict. Notably, the findings affirmed the existence of a neglected form of psychological-based work–family conflict as the pièce de résistance and established a strong connection with its precursor. The dogma of gender role ideology, as a moderator, was indubitably confirmed and strengthened the positive relationship between family demand and family-to-work conflict.Practical implicationsThe present study emphasises the importance of work/family demands and gender role ideology on work–family conflict. Consequently, it behoves human resource managers, strategists and practitioners to frame the organisational arrangements to alleviate the work–family conflict.Originality/valueThe present study fills a hiatus by establishing the relationship between work/family demand and work–family conflict with its cultural beliefs in the context of a collectivist culture.
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., Saif-ur-Rehman, and Kashif-ur-Rehman . "The Impact of Occupational Stress on Employees’ Somatic Symptoms, Job Anxiety and Employee’s Turnover Intention—An Empirical Study." Pakistan Development Review 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v48i3pp.291-311.
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The aim of this study is to analyse the reliability and validity of job factors in relation to the impact of occupational stress on employees’ somatic symptoms, job anxiety and turnover intention through a two time cross-sectional study of the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). The method employed consisted of two times self-reported cross-sectional surveys that covered 420 respondents at T1 and 388 respondents at T2. Results: Appropriate internal consistencies of the seven scales i.e. demands, control, job stress, social supports, employees’ somatic symptoms, job anxiety and turnover intention were obtained. Zero-order correlation and linear and multiple regressions analysis replicated the theoretically assumed structure of the job factors and employees’ somatic symptoms, job anxiety and turnover intention construct in men and women collectively. Evidence of criterion validity was obtained from cross-correlations of the scales and from their linear and multiple regression analysis. Finally, all seven measures were associated with a highly significant ratio of job stress, and the effect was strongest for the job stress ratio as predicted by the fundamental theory of Karasek. Conclusion: We examine how users, who are assimilating job factors into their work, experience the level of work related demands in their jobs, the level of autonomy/control they have over their work, and how these relate to outcomes, such as employees’ somatic symptoms, job anxiety and turnover intention. Based on the results of this study the seven-version scale is considered reliable and serves as a valid instrument for measuring psychosocial pressure in work environment. These outcomes and measures are applicable to all services and manufacturing industries. Keywords: Work Overload, Work Control, Organisational Support, Job Stress, Somatic Symptoms, Job Anxiety, and Employees Turnover Intention (ETI)
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Gibb, Stephen, and Mhairi Wallace. "Soul mates or odd couples? Alignment theory and HRD." European Journal of Training and Development 38, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-06-2013-0066.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to test and explore alignment theory as a guiding principle for human resource development (HRD) by performing an empirical study. HRD scholars, professionals and others have adopted or assumed alignment theory to help explain HRD effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – Constructs to measure an organisation’s strategic priorities and its HRD practices. A measure of HRD effectiveness was developed. A survey gathered data from 270 employees, managers and HRD staff in a sample of 76 organisations. Findings – The results show that HRD effectiveness does not vary with alignment as predicted. Forms of partial alignment, or the relations of an “odd couple”, are more strongly associated with HRD effectiveness than high alignment. Research limitations/implications – The use and integration of both normative measures (Likert scale) and ipsative measures (ranking) is necessary to capture alignment, but this limits the inferential statistics available to test validity and reliability. Qualitative data on case studies would be useful to explore alignment issues in context and depth. Practical implications – Stakeholders in organisations can use the “odd couple” interpretation of alignment as a fresh way to review and explore the opportunities and challenges of managing HRD effectiveness in an era where a narrowing and retrenchment of provisions is occurring and increasing. Originality/value – This study provides evidence which raises questions about alignment theory and policies intended to increase alignment. It suggests in the case of HRD, an alternative perspective that validates partial alignment can support effective HRD provisions.
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Ahmed Haji, Abdifatah, and Mutalib Anifowose. "Audit committee and integrated reporting practice: does internal assurance matter?" Managerial Auditing Journal 31, no. 8/9 (September 5, 2016): 915–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-12-2015-1293.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the role of the audit committee function as an internal assurance provider in the emerging integrated reporting (IR) practice. In particular, the authors examine the role of the overall effectiveness, as well as specific aspects, of the audit committee function in IR practice. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine the integrated reports of 246 firm-year observations of large South African companies over a three-year period (2011-2013), following the introduction of an “apply or explain” IR requirement and an embedded “combined assurance” model in South Africa. Drawing from conflicting theoretical perspectives of economics-based (e.g. agency theory) and socio-political theories (e.g. legitimacy theory), the authors develop competing hypotheses to predict the role of the overall, as well as specific aspects, of the audit committee function in IR practice. Findings Consistent with the predictions of economics-related theories, the authors find that the overall effectiveness of the audit committee function has a strong positive association with the extent and quality of IR practice. In particular, audit committee authority and meetings are shown to have a significant positive impact on IR practice. However, as implied by socio-political theories, the authors do not find a significant association between key aspects of the audit committee function such as audit committee independence and financial expertise and IR practice. Practical implications This study informs local and international regulatory authorities, as well as the business community, about the potential significance of internal assurance mechanisms such as the audit committee function in the emerging IR practice. Given the practical challenges associated with independent external assurance provisions, the findings of this study suggest that internal assurance mechanisms – such as the audit committee function – can be genuine and cost-effective alternative assurance mechanisms in enhancing the credibility and reliability of non-financial reporting practices, particularly the emerging IR practice. The results also inform academic researchers to take cognisance from the expanding roles and responsibilities of audit committees and conduct in-depth investigation on “how” the audit committee function is handling the increasing responsibilities. Originality/value The study provides initial empirical account towards the role of the audit committee function in the emerging IR practice. The study is novel because it shows the significance of internal assurance mechanisms in wider organisational reporting practice.
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Musi, Yusuf W., E. Mukulu, and M. Oloko. "How Strategic Human Resource Planning Influence Performance of Agricultural Research Institutes in Kenya." Journal of Management and Sustainability 9, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v9n1p48.
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Strategic planning is a tool that determines the destiny of an individual, institution or organization. Globally, competition defines strategies encompassed by institutions due to industrial economy that had been experienced to pass toward knowledge resource. Efficiency is achieved by successful utilization of resources. Organisations seek a more competitive edge at all costs and turn to more innovations in information technology. Effective measures provide decision makers with feedback on the effect of deliberate actions and influence critical decisions such as resources allocations, as well as appropriate action as may be necessary. This study was carried out in Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO) to determine how strategic human resource influence the performance of agricultural research organisations. It was anchored on the theory of transformational leadership theory. Information on whether research organisations apply strategic human resource planning in management was scarce. This was partly due to the little attention that was drawn on quality of services offered and feedback. Although there had been previous international studies in this field, no similar work had been conducted in agricultural-based research organisations in Kenya. This study therefore sought to establish whether strategic human resource planning could influence performance in agricultural research organizations. Survey research design was used. The study comprised of four agricultural research institutes. The Institutes had a total of 2922 employees in 2016. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect primary data. A pilot test was conducted on 10% of the total respondents to test reliability and validity. Reliability of the instrument was determined by use of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to establish test for linearity using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS 2018), while Analysis of Variance was used to test hypothesis. Results showed that strategic human resource management contributes to increased agricultural research performance in KALRO institutes. It is recommended that the findings of this study be embraced by other agricultural research institutions in Kenya.
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Kahunyo, Margaret Nyakio, and Paul Waithaka. "Change Management Practices and Performance: A Case of Commercial Banks in Nyeri County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 20, 2019): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.81.
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Over the past half-decade, a lot of change has been experienced in the banking sector. This ranges from regulatory reforms, technological shifts especially on mobile and internet banking, intensified financial innovations, internalization and heightened competition from other players. Although some banks may have recorded good performance in the period under assessment, most of the commercial banks have recorded dwindling performance. This study was interested in determining the effect of change management practices on performance of commercial banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. Specifically, the study aimed to establish the effect of stakeholder involvement on performance of commercial banks; to establish the effect leadership on performance of commercial banks; to assess the effect of organisational learning on performance of commercial banks, and to determine the effect of communication on performance of commercial banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study was guided by McKinsey 7-S Change Model, Kotter's Eight Step Model, Resource Dependence Theory, and Kurt Lewin’s Model. A descriptive survey research design was utilised. The target population comprised of 15 banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study used a census approach. The study used purposive sampling to select branch managers, accountants, credit managers, and marketing managers of all the commercial banks as the choice class of respondents. The study considered non-financial performance of the banks for five (5) financial years 2012-2017. Primary data was collected through questionnaires while secondary data was extracted from the financial and management reports and corporate handbooks. Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability test was used to test the instruments for reliability while expert opinion assessed the validity status of the instrument. The study used descriptive and inferential analysis. The study targeted all the commercial banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study targeted sixty respondents who were the top management of the commercial banks. Questionnaires were used as the main tool of data collection in the study. The researcher used the drop and pick method to administer the questionnaires. The data was coded and entered into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) where both descriptive analysis and inferential analysis of multiple regression analysis was done. The study found that stakeholder involvement had a positive and significant effect on performance of commercial banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. Leadership had the largest positive effect on performance while organization learning had the least but positive effect on the performance of commercial banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study concluded that communication had significant and positive effect on performance of banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. As established from the multiple regression analysis the results affirmed that stakeholder involvement, leadership, organization leaning and communication had significant effect on performance of commercial banks in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study recommends improvement of organization learning which was found to be deficient through development of mentorship programs and up scaling the level of employee training and development.
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Pillay, Manikam, Andrew Enya, and Emmanuel Bannor Boateng. "High reliability organisations and collective mindfulness for improving healthcare safety management: a scoping review protocol of factors, measures and instruments." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2184-0954_003.002_0002.
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A growing body of peer-reviewed studies demonstrate the importance of high-reliability organisations and collective mindfulness in improving healthcare safety. However, limited attention has been devoted to developing a common set of characteristics, dimensions, indicators and instruments for measuring collective mindfulness. This can limit its operationalisation and ability to benchmark. This protocol outlines the key procedures that will be used to conduct a scoping literature review, in order to summarise key definitions; identify theoretical underpinnings, dimensions, measures and instruments; and develop a theoretical model to advance research and practice. Specifically, a five-step process and the Preferred Reporting Instruments for Systematic and Meta-Analyses will be used to search, screen and select literature published in five electronic databases. Keywords will include a combination of ‘high-reliability organisations’, high-reliability theory’ with ‘health care’, ‘patient safety’, ‘medical errors’, ‘medical mistakes’, ‘medication error’. A double-blind process will be used for searching, screening and selection of abstracts and full-articles, and inter-observer agreement assessed using Cohen’s kappa.
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Mahamadu, Abdul-Majeed, Patrick Manu, Lamine Mahdjoubi, Colin Booth, Clinton Aigbavboa, and F. H. Abanda. "The importance of BIM capability assessment." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 24–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2018-0357.
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Purpose The emergence of building information modelling (BIM) has led to the need for pre-qualification and selection of organisations capable of working within a BIM environment. Several criteria have been proposed for the assessment of an organisation’s BIM capability during the pre-qualification and selection phase of projects. However, no studies have sought to empirically establish whether organisations selected on the basis of such criteria have actually been the most successful at delivering BIM on projects. The purpose of this paper is to address the aforementioned gap through a comparison of predicted BIM capability and post-selection performance. Design/methodology/approach BIM capability of firms in a case study was predicted using 28 BIM pre-qualification and selection criteria, prioritised based on their perceived contribution to BIM delivery success from a survey of practitioners on BIM-enabled projects. The comparison of predicted BIM capability and post-selection performance was, on the other hand, achieved through the application of the Technique to Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and fuzzy sets theory (Fuzzy-TOPSIS). Findings Findings underscore the reliability of the 28 BIM pre-qualification and selection criteria as well as the priority weightings proposed for their use in predicting BIM capability and likelihood of performance. The findings have highlighted the importance of criteria related as previous BIM use experience as well as information processing maturity as critical indicators of the capability of organisations, particularly design firms. Originality/value Overall, the findings highlight the need for prioritisation of BIM pre-qualification and selection criteria on the basis of their actual contribution to delivery success from post-selection evaluation of performance.
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Zhang, Long, Yucheng Zhang, Hong Jiang, Miles M. Yang, Yu-Ying Huang, and Shyh-Jane Li. "Customer Identification in the Healthcare Industry." International Journal of Market Research 59, no. 6 (November 2017): 803–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-2017-054.
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This study investigates the key antecedents and mechanisms that influence customer identification in healthcare contexts, based on two studies from different stakeholders: healthcare workers and patients (customers) of healthcare organisations. The first study (N = 788) explored a positive relationship between a hospital's service tangibility and service reliability. The second (N = 657) affirmed and expanded this finding, and revealed that the service reliability of a hospital was positively related to customer identification with the hospital. This service reliability further mediated the positive relationship between service tangibility and customer identification. Our results highlight the role of service tangibility and reliability in enhancing customer identification in healthcare contexts. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Sentosa, Ilham, Obsatar Sinaga, Zaimie Zainal, and Arry Hutomo Mustika Djaya. "DEVELOPING ISLAMIC SMART CITY MANAGEMENT USING ORGANISATION PUBLIC RELATIONSHIP (OPR) EFFECTIVENESS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE APPROACH." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7112.
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Purpose of Study: This study revaluates the interrelationships between relationship-building and bottom-line consequences to the public sector organisation and development of Islamic smart city management projects to confirmatory investigate the results of relationship measures on the internal customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions.
Methodology: In general, by connecting organisation-public relationship (OPRs) components and behavioral intentions outcomes may fortify and support the relationship marketing theory. The previous result of the linear regression analysis supports the proposed model based on the empirically validated organisation-public relationship (OPRs) components, which were reliable and valid.
Main Findings: The results of reliability, correlation, regression analysis, and Mahalanobis Distance analysis using PLS technique data analysis were presented. Outcomes from structural equation modeling show that customer satisfaction mediated the connection between organisation-public relationship (OPRs) dimensions and behavioral intentions consequences. In the same meaning, customer satisfaction is a predictor and exogenous variable in the model. The results revealed that public sector managers perceived the development of Islamic smart city management within the public sector organisation as trustworthy would more likely to say positive things of the current organisation.
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Makgopa, Sipho, and Alex Antonites. "Influence of Service Innovations on Profit Growth: a Case of Motor Vehicle Retailers." Journal of Innovation Management 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_009.001_0006.
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Organisations implement innovation strategies to remain competitive and achieve improved business performance. Previous studies have focused more on product and technology innovations. The purpose of this article is to determine the influence of service innovations on the financial performance of organisations – specifically profit growth – using the theory of competitive advantage. A quantitative research method was employed to achieve the research objective, with linear regression analysis used to analyse the primary data. Cronbach values were calculated to determine the reliability and validity of the research instrument used to collect the primary data. The findings of the research on which this article is based, confirm the existence of a positive relationship between service innovation practices and profit growth. Recommendations are made to key stakeholders in the motor vehicle industry, and future research directions are outlined.
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Gadomski, Adam Maria. "Human organisation socio-cognitive vulnerability: the TOGA meta-theory approach to the modelling methodology." International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 5, no. 1/2 (2009): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcis.2009.022853.
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López Gómez, María Andrée, Daniel A. Gundersen, Leslie I. Boden, Glorian Sorensen, Jeffrey N. Katz, Jamie E. Collins, Gregory Wagner, Mary G. Vriniotis, and Jessica AR Williams. "Validation of the Workplace Integrated Safety and Health (WISH) assessment in a sample of nursing homes using Item Response Theory (IRT) methods." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e045656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045656.
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ObjectivesTo validate and test the dimensionality of six constructs from the Workplace Integrated Safety and Health (WISH) assessment, an instrument that assesses the extent to which organisations implement integrated systems approaches for protecting and promoting worker health, safety and well-being, in a sample of nursing homes in the USA.DesignValidation of an assessment scale using data from a cross-sectional survey.SettingNursing homes certified by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare services in three states of the USA: Ohio, California and Massachusetts.Participants569 directors of nursing from nursing homes serving adults and with more than 30 beds participated in the study.ResultsGraded response Item Response Theory (IRT) models showed that five out of six constructs were unidimensional based on balanced interpretation of model fit statistics—M2 or C2 with p value >0.05, Comparative Fit Index >0.95, lower bound of the root mean squared error of approximation 90% CI <0.06 and standardised root mean square residual <0.08. Overall measure and construct reliability ranged from acceptable to good. Category boundary location parameters indicated that items were most informative for respondents in lower range of latent scores (ie, β1, β2, β3 typically below 0). A few items were recommended to be dropped from future administrations of the instrument based on empirical and substantive interpretation.ConclusionsThe WISH instrument has utility to understand to what extent organisations integrate protection and promotion of worker health, safety and well-being; however, it is most informative in organisations that present lower scores.
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Hassan, Abeer, Mahalaximi Adhikariparajuli, Mary Fletcher, and Ahmed Elamer. "Integrated reporting in UK higher education institutions." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 10, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 844–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-03-2018-0093.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine trends in the content of reporting within 135 UK higher education institutions (HEIs). It explores the extent to which integrated reporting (IR) content elements, reflecting integrated thinking, are disclosed voluntarily and whether HEI-specific features influence the resulting disclosures. Design/methodology/approach Existing IR guidelines given by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) and the adoption of content analysis have provided the opportunity to examine the trend and extent of IR content elements associated in HEI corporate reports. The evidence was obtained from 405 UK HEI annual reports covering the period 2014-2016. Findings The results indicate a significant increase in the number of IR content elements embedded in HEI annual reports. The HEI-specific characteristics examined, such as the establishment of HEI (before or after 1992), adoption of IR framework and size of HEI, are all significantly and positively associated with IR content elements disclosure. This paper argues that institutional theory, isomorphism and isopraxism are relevant for explaining the changes in the contents of HEI annual reports. The findings also suggest that universities are beginning to adopt an integrated thinking approach to the reporting of their activities. Research limitations/implications The study is based on IR content elements only and could be extended to include the fundamental concepts and basic principles of the IR framework. There are other factors that have a potentially crucial influence on HEI core activities (such as teaching and learning research and internationalisation) which have been omitted from this study. Practical implications The findings will allow policymakers to evaluate the extent to which integrated thinking is taking place and influencing the UK HEI sector in the selection and presentation of information. A further implication of the findings is that an appropriate a sector-wide enforcement and compliance body, for instance, the British Universities Finance Directors Group (BUFDG), may consider developing voluntary IR guidance in a clear, consistent, concise and comparable format. Also, it may pursue regulatory support for this guidance. In doing so, it may monitor the compliance and disclosure levels of appropriate IR requirements. Within such a framework, IR could be used to assist HEIs to make more sustainable choices and allow stakeholders to better understand aspects of HEI performance. Social implications The research has implications for society within and beyond the unique UK HEI sector. Universities are places of advanced thinking and can lead the way for other sectors by demonstrating the potential of integrated thinking to create a cohesive wide-ranging discourse and create engagement among stakeholder groups. Specifically, IR builds on the strong points of accounting, for instance, robust quantitative evidence collecting, relevance, reliability, materiality, comparability and assurability, to explain the sustainability discourse into a “language” logical to HEIs organisational decision makers. Consequently, IR may generate better visibility and knowledge of the financial values of exploiting capitals (financial, intellectual, human, manufactured, social and natural) and offer a multifaceted approach to reassess HEIs organizational performance in various sectors that support the growth of integrated thinking. Originality/value This is the first known study to explore HEI characteristics and link them with the level of voluntary IR content elements disclosed in UK HEIs.
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Hipkin, I. B. "A new look at world class physical asset management strategies." South African Journal of Business Management 29, no. 4 (December 31, 1998): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v29i4.780.
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The need for enhancing manufacturing systems is increasing, with growing attention on the management of physical assets. This has arisen because of a number of new pressures, such as stringent cost control, automation requiring higher availability and reliability from equipment, and greater attention being paid to safety and environmental issues. This study (following the general approach adopted by Meredith) considers some new maintenance thinking, which has been summarised as a series of postulates. These postulates are analysed as a theory building exercise by referring to a number of case organisations to assess their wider applicability and relevance in physical asset management. The study concludes that there is general acceptance of the new maintenance thinking.
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Beckmerhagen, Ingo, and Heinz-Peter Berg. "Quality Management as a Sound Basis of Integrated Management." Journal of Konbin 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10040-008-0058-y.
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Quality Management as a Sound Basis of Integrated Management Various management function-specific systems, such as for quality, environment, and occupational health and safety are described in widely applied international standards and guidelines. These documents are of obvious benefit to practising management. The implementation of a robust and effective integrated management system will support the achievement of high levels of safety performance and the enhancement and improvement of the safety culture in all types of industry. This paper has two main objectives. The first one is to address the key issues in theory and practice of integrated management systems, the second one is to illustrate the importance of an integrated (in particular safety) management system with examples from different organisations in the nuclear field.
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Sim, Yeong Liang, and Frederik Josep Putuhena. "Green building technology initiatives to achieve construction quality and environmental sustainability in the construction industry in Malaysia." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2013-0093.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify mechanisms and approaches involved in the local construction industry to enhance environmental concerns and the adoption of capacity development model to manage the environment and up keeping of the quality in Malaysian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes an innovative approach to understanding the role of internal and external influence through LEGO® concept. This approach builds on the theory of change management, in which includes learning about the domain of enabling environment, organisation, individual and knowledge management process. New ideas, practices or technologies occur through integration of efforts particularly from the above mentioned domains. The approach also analyses the challenges faced by construction stakeholders. It draws on findings from different studies including some other countries of sustainability in which the engagement of previous research has been incorporated to further enhance the construction and environmental quality in the Malaysian construction industry. Findings – Environmental sustainable development construction requires a holistic thinking and decision making and more innovative solutions that enhance sustainability and result in mutually benefited outcomes for all stakeholders. A dedicated effort especially government and government link company is in strong demand. A valid reason for capacity development to develop in organisations and individuals to perform functions needed to keep green management operating and evolving to meet new challenges. The construction sector will benefit from learning advances in capacity development which are designed to improve and enhance construction and environmental quality governance. The coverage of LEGO® conceptual framework at which capacity development operates was identified in each domain of change management. Research limitations/implications – A limitation of the study was the relatively little literature information provided and thus affects the expounding and reliability of data. For this reason, these findings cannot be generalised to the other countries based on this study alone. The access to information is limited as public and private organisations hesitate to share information on their strategic planning and tactics. Originality/value – Development of capacity development model will contribute to the understanding of environmental sustainability through identifying gaps in the understanding and pursuit of construction and environmental quality in the Malaysian construction industry. This paper suggests the future prospect that integrates several dimensions towards green management practice in Malaysia.
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Sahi, Gurjeet Kaur, Rita Devi, and Satya Bhusan Dash. "Examining the role of customer engagement in augmenting referral value." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 29, no. 5/6 (December 9, 2019): 539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-12-2018-0268.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of a customer engagement-enabling platform on a value captured by the firm and value acquired by the customer. It explores the relevance of relational and expertise value for customers during the engagement process so as to ensure positive referrals about the service provider. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 482 students, the study examines the customer engagement efforts of professional institutes that provide training to prepare for the civil service examinations of the Union Public Service Commission. The survey is confined to central areas of New Delhi, India. Statistical techniques including confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling are used to analyse the data, and reliability and validity tests are performed. Findings The findings reveal the indispensable role of service providers as creators of a meaningful effective learning process and of interpersonal relations with customers for generating more business through customer referrals. Research limitations/implications The study validated the moderating role of relational value between customers’ expertise value and their referrals on the basis of motivation theory, which asserts that customers’ motivation to contribute to the organisation is driven by the individuals’ extrinsic relational need for belongingness, acceptance by like-minded individuals, and feedback, recognition and respect from employees of the organisation. Originality/value The study contributes to the existing literature by integrating the well-developed social exchange and motivation theory so as to investigate the factors that propel customers’ positive word of mouth for the service provider.
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Gryschek, Guilherme, Dario Cecilio-Fernandes, Stephen Mason, and Marco Antonio de Carvalho-Filho. "Assessing palliative care education in undergraduate medical students: translation and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care and Thanatophobia Scales for Brazilian Portuguese." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e034567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034567.
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BackgroundAs the global population ages, palliative care is ever more essential to provide care for patients with incurable chronic conditions. However, in many countries, doctors are not prepared to care for dying patients. Palliative care education should be an urgent concern for all medical schools all around the world, including Latin America and Brazil. Advances in palliative care education require robust assessment tools for constant evaluation and improvement of educational programmes. Bandura’s social cognitive theory proposes that active learning processes are mediated by self-efficacy and associated outcome expectancies, both crucial elements of developing new behaviour. The Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care (SEPC) and Thanatophobia Scales were developed using Bandura’s theory to assess the outcomes of palliative care training.ObjectivesWe aimed to translate and validate these scales for Brazilian Portuguese to generate data on how well doctors are being prepared to meet the needs of their patients.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOne Brazilian medical school.ParticipantsThird-year medical students.MethodsThe authors translated the scales following the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s recommendations and examined their psychometric properties using data collected from a sample of 111 students in a Brazilian medical school in 2017.ResultsThe Brazilian versions of SEPC and Thanatophobia Scales showed good psychometric properties, including confirmatory factor analysis, replicating the original factors (factor range: 0.51–0.90), and acceptable values of reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.82–0.97 and composite reliability: 0.82–0.96). Additionally, the Brazilian versions of the scales showed concurrent validity, demonstrated through a significant negative correlation.ConclusionsThe Brazilian version of the scales may be used to assess the impact of current undergraduate training and identify areas for improvement within palliative care educational programmes. The data generated allow Brazilian researchers to join international conversations on this topic and educators to develop tailored pedagogical approaches.
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Parag, Kris V., Christl A. Donnelly, Rahul Jha, and Robin N. Thompson. "An exact method for quantifying the reliability of end-of-epidemic declarations in real time." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e1008478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008478.
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We derive and validate a novel and analytic method for estimating the probability that an epidemic has been eliminated (i.e. that no future local cases will emerge) in real time. When this probability crosses 0.95 an outbreak can be declared over with 95% confidence. Our method is easy to compute, only requires knowledge of the incidence curve and the serial interval distribution, and evaluates the statistical lifetime of the outbreak of interest. Using this approach, we show how the time-varying under-reporting of infected cases will artificially inflate the inferred probability of elimination, leading to premature (false-positive) end-of-epidemic declarations. Contrastingly, we prove that incorrectly identifying imported cases as local will deceptively decrease this probability, resulting in delayed (false-negative) declarations. Failing to sustain intensive surveillance during the later phases of an epidemic can therefore substantially mislead policymakers on when it is safe to remove travel bans or relax quarantine and social distancing advisories. World Health Organisation guidelines recommend fixed (though disease-specific) waiting times for end-of-epidemic declarations that cannot accommodate these variations. Consequently, there is an unequivocal need for more active and specialised metrics for reliably identifying the conclusion of an epidemic.
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De Jong, Arjan, and Klaas Smit. "Collaboratives to improve industrial maintenance contract relationships." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 25, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-07-2013-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how collaborative contracts can improve industrial maintenance contract relationships. Design/methodology/approach The research compares performance contracts with collaborative contracts, a new contract type whereby the contract parties align their objectives. The study uses game theory and describes the contract types as mechanism designs to compare the contract types. The mechanisms are validated with case studies. The utility of the contract types is verified with Monte Carlo simulations using expert opinions. Findings The research demonstrates that, under certain conditions, collaborative contracts result in a higher utility than performance contracts for all contract parties. Practical implications The use of collaborative contracts between an operator of a technical system and a maintenance organisation reduces maintenance costs and improves the availability of the technical system, increasing the utility for all contract parties. Originality/value The collaborative contract is a new contract type for maintenance services and the research method provides a new approach to optimise industrial maintenance contract relationships.
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Cutini, Valerio, and Camilla Pezzica. "Street Network Resilience Put to the Test: The Dramatic Crash of Genoa and Bologna Bridges." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114706.
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Various hazards and endemic threats are increasingly looming over cities, leading planners to rely on a rich toolbox of flexible and inclusive planning instruments and methods, capable of dealing with unpredicted events or sudden urban contingencies, when seeking sustainable urban futures. While sustainability-oriented innovative planning approaches are gaining momentum, ways to embed connected concepts in operational planning and design decision support systems have yet to be fully developed and validated. This paper tackles this issue by proposing and testing, in a real-life scenario, a method for the computational analysis of street network resilience, based on Space Syntax theory. The method is suitable to quantify the capacity of urban grids to absorb sudden disturbances and adapt to change, and to offer support for mitigation decisions and their communication to the public. It presents a set of configurational resilience indices, whose reliability is qualitatively assessed considering the ex-ante and ex-post urban configurations generated by two exceptional and dramatic bridge crashes. These events occurred almost simultaneously in two Italian cities with peculiarly similar characteristics. The results confirm the value of the proposal and highlight urban form, and particularly its grid, as a key driver in building urban resilience, together with the self-organisation capacity of local communities.
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Chepkemboi, Eunice Thecla, and Dr Samson Nyang’au Paul. "DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED AIRLINES IN KENYA." Journal of Business and Strategic Management 4, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jbsm.332.
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Purpose: This study sought to identify the effect of the uptake of disruptive innovations on the performance of selected airlines in Kenya. Its specific objectives included to determine the impact of digital platforms, mobile technology, Blockchain technology and travel intermediaries on the performance of selected airline in Kenya. This study was restricted to three airlines in Kenya, namely, Kenya Airways, Jambojet and Fly540.Methodology: It focused on 120 staff working within the Nairobi offices of these airlines based on their familiarity with strategic initiatives employed in responding to disruptive innovations. The theoretical review featured the following theories: the theory of disruptive innovations; radical innovations theory; the theory of open innovation; and diffusion of innovations theory. This study applied a descriptive research design since it was focussed on describing the characteristics of the participants involved in the study since this is a social research. It adopted a census method for determining the sample size. It used self-administered questionnaires on 120 respondents from the target population who were given two weeks to complete the questionnaires before collection using a drop and pick arrangement was adopted. The study used a five point Likert scale to develop the questionnaire to use in tandem with two measures of central tendency, standard deviation and mean, to describe the data. The data was then examined using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) to conduct regression analysis, descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The results were then presented using graphs and tables.Results: The results indicate that travel intermediaries had the strongest positive correlation with performance followed by mobile technology adoption, digital platforms and blockchain technology, respectively. Further, whilst organisations in the industry have established commendable strategies to ensure digital platforms reliability and mobile technology adoption, they have yet to embrace blockchain technology as a strategy for coping with disruptive innovations. The same case applies to travel intermediaries where the local airline companies have not implemented effectively thus losing market to other upcoming international airlines.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management of airlines in Kenya to adopt blockchain technology in order to further strengthen their IT systems and use this as a means of resisting possible blockchain technology-driven disruptive innovations. The companies also ought to embrace appropriate technologies to support travel intermediaries through which they tap the low income earners thus sustaining their performance.
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M. Crick, James. "The dark side of coopetition: when collaborating with competitors is harmful for company performance." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 318–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-01-2019-0057.
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Purpose Coopetition is the interplay between cooperation and competition, involving organisations sharing resources and capabilities with rival entities. Earlier work has suggested that coopetition has a linear (positive) relationship with company performance, with scarce considerations towards whether this link could have a diminishing-returns effect. Thus, this paper aims to examine the non-linear (quadratic) relationships between coopetition and three performance outcomes. Using resource-based theory and the relational view, this study is designed to evaluate the dark side of coopetition, in terms of identifying situations when such activities can be harmful for company performance. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from a sample of 101 vineyards and wineries in New Zealand. After purifying the measures through a series of multivariate statistical techniques, the research hypotheses and control paths were tested through hierarchical regression. Furthermore, the statistical data passed all major assessments of reliability and validity (including common method variance). Findings Coopetition was found to have non-linear (quadratic) relationships with customer satisfaction performance, market performance, and financial performance. These results indicate that while coopetition provides organisations with new resources, capabilities and opportunities, there are some dark sides of coopetition activities. With “too little” coopetition, firms might struggle to survive within their markets, with an insufficient volume of resources and capabilities. With “too much” coopetition, companies could experience increased tensions, potentially lose intellectual property and dilute their competitive advantages. Such negative outcomes could harm their performance in several capacities. Practical implications Firms should appreciate that coopetition is a competitive strategy. In other words, regardless of how much collaboration occurs, coopetition partners are still competing entities. It is recommended that organisations should strive to engage in an “optimal-level” of coopetition, as “too little” or “too much” of such strategies can be harmful for various types of company performance. To mitigate some of the dark sides of coopetition, businesses should attempt to use all the benefits of collaborating with competitors (i.e. accessing new resources, capabilities and opportunities), but at the same time, not become dependent on rivals’ assets. Originality/value This paper develops and tests a framework examining the non-linear (quadratic) linkages between coopetition and multiple assessments of company performance. It highlights the benefits and drawbacks of businesses sharing resources and capabilities with their competitors. Contrary to prior studies in the business-to-business marketing literature, the results signify that firms need to engage in an “optimal-level” of coopetition to minimise certain dark sides, such as reduced company performance. After providing some practitioner implications, this paper ends with a series of limitations and avenues for future research.
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Dorasamy, Nirmala, and Rishi Balkaran. "Inculcating a service culture among hospitality management students through work integrated learning (WIL): A case study of Durban university of technology." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 3 (2011): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i3c4p5.
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Any segment of the hospitality industry, as a service industry, focuses on the customer’s total experience. This focus is imperative if organisations are to maintain an edge in an increasingly competitive industry that demands added value. Services, both tangible and intangible, can be considered as a customer experience which cannot be recalled. Therefore, the standards for service operations must be zero defects. The establishment of standards and enactment thereof, is an integral part of the conduct of service employees. This article investigates through a qualitative approach how a service culture can be developed among hospitality management students during work integrated learning to enhance teaching and learning. The extent to which a quality service culture is advocated within the work integrated learning component by the Department of Hospitality Management at the Durban University of Technology is explored. It is argued that a focus on the service quality aspects of service in the areas of professional cookery, accommodation, catering and; food and beverage management can make a significant contribution to developing attributes like reliability, helpfulness and good communication. The article further demonstrates that by exposing students to the expected attributes and skills necessary for a service oriented culture, they are made aware of what constitutes “exceptional service quality”, thereby contributing to their learning about the importance of service in the hospitality industry. While work integrated learning is a philosophy of education based on the “theory of experience of the customer” within the hospitality industry, it is also an integral part of the students’ experience
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Fylan, Beth, Gerry Armitage, Deirdre Naylor, and Alison Blenkinsopp. "A qualitative study of patient involvement in medicines management after hospital discharge: an under-recognised source of systems resilience." BMJ Quality & Safety 27, no. 7 (November 16, 2017): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006813.
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IntroductionThere are risks to the safety of medicines management when patient care is transferred between healthcare organisations, for example, when a patient is discharged from hospital. Using the theoretical concept of resilience in healthcare, this study aimed to better understand the proactive role that patients can play in creating safer, resilient medicines management at a common transition of care.MethodsQualitative interviews with 60 cardiology patients 6 weeks after their discharge from 2 UK hospitals explored patients’ experiences with their discharge medicines. Data were initially subjected to an inductive thematic analysis and a subsequent theory-guided deductive analysis.ResultsDuring interviews 23 patients described medicines management resilience strategies in two main themes: identifying system vulnerabilities; and establishing self-management strategies. Patients could anticipate problems in the system that supplied them with medicines and took specific actions to prevent them. They also identified when errors had occurred both before and after medicines had been supplied and took corrective action to avoid harm. Some reported how they had not foreseen problems or experienced patient safety incidents. Patients recounted how they ensured information about medicines changes was correctly communicated and acted upon, and described their strategies to enhance their own reliability in adherence and resource management.ConclusionPatients experience the impact of vulnerabilities in the medicines management system across the secondary–primary care transition but many are able to enhance system resilience through developing strategies to reduce the risk of medicines errors occurring. Consequently, there are opportunities—with caveats—to elicit, develop and formalise patients’ capabilities which would contribute to safer patient care and more effective medicines management.
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Hassan, Abeer, Ahmed A. Elamer, Mary Fletcher, and Nawreen Sobhan. "Voluntary assurance of sustainability reporting: evidence from an emerging economy." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 391–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-10-2018-0169.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the supply and demand side of sustainability assurance in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on signalling theory, a logistic regression model is used for a sample of 100 of the largest Bangladeshi companies to study the relationships between assurance, sustainability disclosure, industry membership and reporting format. Findings Authors’ results show that companies which produce more sustainability information are more likely to get their sustainability assured, to be from non-carbon intensive industries, and are more likely to integrate their sustainability information with the financial annual reports. Authors’ results support the argument that organisations based in weaker legal environments are more likely to secure assurance as this adds to the credibility and reliability of sustainability reports. Research limitations/implications This paper has limitations which raise some issues for future research. First, the authors have covered only large companies; therefore, future research could examine the differences between small and large companies in relation to assurance. Secondly, the authors’ data consist of company sustainability disclosure information in the fiscal year 2015. Longitudinal studies are recommended to extend this research. Finally, future research could examine the moderating effects of geographical location on the relationship between assurance (and its providers) and other variables. Practical implications The findings of this paper will prove valuable to practitioners and researchers. Practitioners, including assurance providers and sustainability reporting managers will benefit from authors’ study as it covers both the demand and supply side characteristics of assurance. Researchers will benefit from the study as it investigates assurance practices in the developing country of Bangladesh. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine both the supply and demand sides of sustainability assurance in Bangladesh. Authors also introduce reporting format when measuring the relationship between assurance and its determinant factors at micro level. The study also links assurance to signalling theory.
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Manning, Tony, and Bob Robertson. "A three factor model of followership, part 2: research on the three factor model and its application to team roles." Industrial and Commercial Training 48, no. 7 (September 5, 2016): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-01-2016-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this three-part paper is to point out that while there is an extensive body of theory and research on leadership, less attention has been given to other roles, particularly follower roles. The authors outlined a three factor model of leadership and suggested it could be applied to followership. In the second part of the paper, the authors present empirical evidence on the three factor model of leadership and its application to the full range of team roles, including follower, co-worker and leader roles. In the third part of the paper the authors present and discuss further evidence specifically on follower behaviour. Design/methodology/approach In this part of the paper, the authors present evidence on the internal reliability and external validity of three self-assessment instruments, two on leadership behaviour and one on team role behaviours. Evidence is provided from a diverse group of managers, mainly in the UK public sector. Individuals completed a variety of self-assessment instruments and, in some cases, had 360 degree assessments completed on them, and provided evidence on contextual variables. The methodology involves looking at the degree of correlation, and its statistical significance, between variables. Findings The three self-assessment instruments, two on leadership and one on team roles, were found to possess satisfactory levels of both internal reliability and external validity, consistent with the three factor model. These findings lent support to the three factor model of leadership, to its extension and application to followership, and to the reliability and validity of the three self-assessment instruments. Research limitations/implications Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. The research was based mainly on individuals in the public sector in the UK. It would be useful to extend such research to other contexts. Practical implications Given that the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower, the training of effective followers is seen to underpin that of effective leaders. Social implications The finding that the skills of the effective leader develop out of build on those of the effective follower challenges the widely held pre-occupation with leadership, the idea that leadership is qualitatively different from and superior to followership. Thus it challenges the cult of leadership. Originality/value This paper is the first published attempt to successfully apply the three factor model of leadership to team roles in general, including follower, co-worker and leader roles. In the third part of this paper, the three factor model is applied specifically to follower roles. Ways of measuring leader and follower roles are developed and used to identify follower behaviours, as well as to make possible the identification of behaviours valued when used by followers, based on 360 degree assessments.
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Manning, Tony, and Bob Robertson. "A three factor model of followership: part 1– introduction to followership, leadership and the three factor model of leadership." Industrial and Commercial Training 48, no. 6 (July 4, 2016): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose – While there is an extensive body of theory and research on leadership, less attention has been paid to other work roles, including follower roles. The purpose of this paper is to explain and justify a three factor model of followership as a basis for exploring the role of followers, establishing what makes an effective follower and discussing the training and development of followers. This is the first part of a three part paper. It reviews previous theory and research on followership, before describing the three factor model of leadership and considering how it can be applied to followership. Design/methodology/approach – The first part of this paper consists mainly of a literature review on followership, and a description of the three factor model of leadership. The second and third parts of the paper outline the approach to the empirical research. Findings – The overall findings of this three part paper: provide empirical evidence to support the three factor model of leadership; justify the extension of the model to other work roles, including follower roles; allow the development of a three factor framework of follower behaviours. Research limitations/implications – The three factor model of followership shows that followership and leadership are not fundamentally different. Indeed, the skills that leaders need in their roles develop out of and build on those needed in follower roles. The essential difference is in the contrasting roles of leader and follower in which they are used. The research findings are based mainly on individuals in the public sector in the UK. Further research on other populations would be useful. Practical implications – Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. Social implications – The view of followership expressed in this paper is a challenge to the widely held pre-occupation with leadership and, more generally, to the cult of leadership. Originality/value – This is the first published attempt to apply the three factor model of leadership to followership. Evidence is presented on the internal reliability and external validity of measures of leadership and followership. Scales were developed to distinguish between leader and follower roles and used to describe behaviours characteristic of such roles, as well as behaviours valued in these roles, based on 360 degree assessments.
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Chelvarayan, Anushia, Chew Sin Jie, and Yeo Sook Fern. "Factors Affecting Students’ Perception of Online Shopping." International Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Creative Economy 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijebce.v1i1.424.
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In the recent time, the Internet is being used as the main source to provide us information and has been vastly exploited for our own convenience. It can be seen as a mean to provide us fun and pleasure with unlimited opportunities. Hence, online shopping is an action or activity of purchasing goods and services through the Internet. This includes people going online, logging in to a shopping website, purchasing goods and services and arranging for delivery. Besides that, the buyer either pays with credit or debit card or through third party online transfer or cash on delivery for the goods and services. The research emphasizes on factors affecting students’ perception of online shopping. It focuses on the following variables such as convenience, ease of use, usefulness, privacy and security and saves money, time and effort as the main factors in affecting a student to pursue with online purchases. The theoretical foundations for this study are Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A total of 200 respondents from a private university in Malaysia participated in this research. Samples were selected using convenience sampling and the respondents answered the questionnaire via Google form and paper and pencil method. A nominal scale and Five-point Likert scale was used to design the questions in the questionnaire. Data analysis methods used in this research were Descriptive Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. The data collected and also information in this research are highly beneficial and valuable to students, supervisors, academics, researchers, learning institutions, business organisations and the government as we are able to gauge and understand the factors affecting students’ perception on online shopping. However, there are some limitations as this research does not reflect the actual student population in tertiary education in Malaysia and it only focuses on four variables i.e. convenience, ease of use, usefulness, privacy and security and saves money, time and effort. There are several possibilities for future researches whereby one can focus more on other influencing factors such as trust, risk, complexity, pervasive technology usage, tech savvy future generations and many more.
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Gitau, Edward John Gikonyo, and Linda Kimencu. "Effect of Project Selection Criteria on Performance of National Government Constituency Development Fund Funded Projects: Case of Kiambu County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. IV (July 6, 2019): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iiv.49.
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The Constituency Development Fund was established in Kenya in 2003 with a view to addressing regional imbalances and empowering communities to prioritise and manage development projects at the grass root. This has made significant contribution in bringing essential services to the grass root. Many complaints have however been lodged by constituents with regard to performance of projects as a result of poor choice of projects, poorly constructed projects, stalled projects and projects that are completed but not in use. In the years 2013/2014 to 2015/2016, the National Government allocated a total of Kes 86.8 Billion to all the constituencies with Ruiru constituency being allocated Kes 279 million to finance different projects in line with CDF Act. Different researchers have investigated various factors that affect the performance of NG-CDF funded project. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of project selection criteria on performance of NG-CDF funded projects in Ruiru Constituency, Kiambu County, Kenya. Project cost, time to completion and quality of the outcome have been noted to be the most visible and significant indicators of project performance due to the objectivity that characterizes their measurement and their direct economic implications if they are exceeded. The specific objectives were to investigate the effect of alignment with strategy, community participation, capacity to implement projects and feasibility of the project on performance of NG-CDF funded projects in Ruiru constituency in Kiambu County. The study was anchored on the theory of constraints, strategic alignment theory and theory of rational choice. The study employed a quantitative design using descriptive and inferential statistics to collect and analyze data and make inferences on the effect of selection criteria on performance of projects. The study’s units of analysis were 91 CDF projects, in Ruiru constituency in education, water, health, transport, environment and social services sectors that were approved between 2013/2014 to 2015/2016 financial years. The units of observation were 131 representatives comprising of a member of the executive of constituency committee and project management committee, an ordinary member of each of these committees, officers in charge of ministries of education, water, health, transport, environment and social services at sub county level. Data was collected using a questionnaire and an observations checklist. The relationship between the variables was determined through descriptive statistics, regression and correlation analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The researcher used test retest test reliability of the questionnaire. The research established that, the independent variables alignment with strategy (X₁), feasibility of project (X2), capacity to implement projects (X3) and community participation (X4) affected performance of projects with aggregate mean scores of 3.46, 3.42, 3.31 and 3.31 and Pearson correlation values of r= 0.515, r=0.736, r=0.765 and r=0.679 respectively. The regression model had an R Square value of 0.661 inferring that they explained 66.1% of project performance. However, it was established that the constituency did not have a strategic plan making coordination of development efforts disjointed. There were instances of projects that could not be identified on the ground, Poor documentation of project approvals and dissemination of information to stakeholders making it difficult to track projects absence of schedules and budgets hence no benchmark for measuring progress of cost and timelines. Many of the people charged with managing the projects lacked qualifications making it difficult to make appropriate judgments and there were many instances where communities were not involved in project management processes. Researcher recommends that there should be deliberate effort to align project objectives with organisation strategy, CDF funded projects must be evaluated to establish their feasibility, Constituency must build capacity to implement projects and community should be sufficiently involved in project identification and prioritisation. The CDF Act should be improved to ensure a more rigorous process of project identification, selection, evaluation and approval with minimum thresholds to be met before a project is accepted for funding. Further research should be undertaken on how to link project management with organisation strategy with particular reference to CDF funded projects.
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Wachiuri, Elizabeth Wangu, Dr Esther Waiganjo, Dr Noor Ismail, and Prof Romanus Odhiambo. "INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER COMPETENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 1, no. 3 (December 14, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.v1i3.214.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of supplier competence on the performance of state corporations in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population was all the 187 state corporations in Kenya. The study employed a census approach. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. A pilot study was conducted to measure the research instruments reliability and validity. Descriptive statistics were used aided by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 24 to compute percentages of respondents’ answers. Inferential statistics using linear regression and correlation analysis were applied to assist examining relationship between the research variables. The results were presented using tables and graphs.Results: The findings revealed that supplier competence explained 44.1 % of the total variations in performance of state corporations in Kenya. Further, the results indicated that the overall model was statistically significant as supported by a p value of 0.000. This was supported by an F statistic of 111.904 and the reported p value (0.000) which was less than the conventional probability of 0.05 significance level. In addition, the findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between supplier competence and performance of state corporations in Kenya as supported by a p value of 0.000 and a beta coefficient of (0.903). This implies that an increase in supplier competence by 1 unit would increase the performance of state corporations by 0.903units.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommended that suppliers should develop competent technical abilities so as to provide high quality products or services. Some of the technical dimensions that suppliers should develop competence in include; compliance with quantity, compliance with due date, compliance with packaging standard, production planning systems of suppliers, and maintenance activities of suppliers, plant layout and material. It’s also recommended that state corporations in Kenya should check frequently if supplier organisation is abreast with the newer information technology developments as technology is very dynamic and changes regularly as the technology that was used in the past is not the one we using now and it will not be the one we will use tomorrow.
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Talkhan, H., D. Stewart, T. McIntosh, H. Ziglam, P. V. Abdulrouf, M. Al-Hail, M. Diab, and S. Cunningham. "Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to investigate clinicians’ behavioural determinants of antimicrobial prescribing in Qatar." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, Supplement_1 (March 26, 2021): i20—i22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab015.025.
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Abstract Introduction A recent systematic review by Talkhan et al demonstrated the need for theoretically based behaviour change interventions in this area. [1] For development of such complex interventions, emphasis should be placed on using theory to systematically identify behavioural determinants of antimicrobial prescribing. Aim To identify and quantify clinicians’ behavioural determinants of antimicrobial prescribing in Qatar. Methods This cross-sectional survey is part of a multi-phase explanatory, sequential mixed methods PhD project in Qatar. Questionnaires were distributed (online and paper based) to all doctors (~4,000) and pharmacists (~400) within Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC, the main healthcare provider). The questionnaire was developed with reference to the Determinants of Implementation Behaviour Questionnaire (a generic questionnaire derived from the 14 theoretical domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework, TDF). [2] Each item was presented as a 5-point Likert scale (scored 5=Strongly agree to 1=Strongly disagree). Personal and practice demographics were also collected for data contextualisation. The draft questionnaire was reviewed for face/content validity by an expert panel of six researchers in Qatar and the UK with experience in the use of the TDF, followed by ‘Think aloud’ testing and piloting. Analysis investigated the behavioural determinants and influential factors through descriptive, principal component analysis (PCA) and inferential analysis. Ethics approval was granted from a UK university and HMC. Results In total, 535 responses were received, 339 (63.4%) from doctors and 196 (36.6%) from pharmacists. Respondents were predominantly male, 346 (64.7%). Just over half (n=285, 53.3%) had ≤ 5 years’ experience as health professionals. PCA showed a three component (C) solution with components incorporating a number of questionnaire items labelled: ‘Guidelines compliance’ (C1 with 8 items), ‘Influences on prescribing’ (C2 with 7 items) and ‘Self-efficacy’ (C3 with 5 items) in prescribing/recommendation activity. A scale score for each respondent was calculated through summation of Likert scores for the relevant questionnaire items within each component. These scales had high internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha all >0.7) showing consistency in response between component items indicating statistical appropriateness for developing scales. The median score (possible scale range, midpoint) for each scale was C1, 32 (8 to 40, 24), C2, 26 (7 to 35, 21) and C3, 20, (5 to 25, 15). By way of example Table 1 shows levels of agreement for items in C2. This shows lower levels of agreement than C1 scale with the median scale score (26) closer to the midpoint (21) indicating that respondents had less positive views. Inferential analysis using these scale scores and free text analysis is in progress. Conclusion A theoretical basis was used throughout providing insights to behavioural determinants for the development of a theory-based behaviour change intervention. Preliminary results suggest that social influences, staff development and quality monitoring may be useful targets for behaviour change interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing practice. Limitations include potential social desirability bias and focus on one healthcare organisation/country in the Middle East which may limit generalisability of findings. More in-depth exploration is required to select and test appropriate linked theory-based behaviour change techniques. References 1. Talkhan H, Stewart D, McIntosh T, Ziglam H Palli Valapila, A; Moza Sulaiman H, Diab M, Cunningham S. The use of theory in the development and evaluation of behaviour change interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75(9):2394–2410, Available from https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa154 [Accessed 12 Oct 2020]. 2. Huijg JM, Gebhardt WA, Dusseldorp E, Verheijden MW, van der Zouwe N, Middelkoop BJ, Crone MR. Measuring determinants of implementation behaviour: psychometric properties of a questionnaire based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Implement. Sci. 2014;9(1):33.
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Žemgulienė, Aušra, and Nijolia Balcevič. "Development of Historical Literacy: 3rd–4th Formers’ Abilities to Understand a Historical Source." Pedagogika 123, no. 3 (September 2, 2016): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.35.
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The article analyses the problem of development of historical literacy in primary classes. Following the foreign theory and research, the article analyses which abilities to understand a historical source should be developed in primary forms. It is also discussed, which requirements for abilities to investigate and understand a historical source are imposed on primary learners in foreign countries (Cooper, 1995; 2006; 2012; Chapman, 2011; Lee, Ashby, 1995; Lee, 2005; Levstik 1993; Perikleous, Shemilt, 2011; Petri, 2014; Seixas 1996; 2006; Van Drie, Van Boxtel, 2007; Wineburg, 2010). The theoretical analysis allowed to notice that foreign researchers call for a transition from direct memorisation of information and data towards the development of an in-depth historical awareness among learners. In these times of information and rapid changes learning of history is expected to enable learners to think in an abstract manner freely using generalised secondary concepts such as changes, meaning, evidences, causes, empathy, etc. The research also discusses the specifics of integrated history teaching in the primary curriculum in Lithuania.
The goal of the research: to identify what abilities of historical literacy are demonstrated by 3rd – 4th formers while working with historical sources. The objectives of the research: to analyse didactic approaches of historical literacy teaching primary learners to investigate and understand historical sources; to conduct research on 3rd–4th formers’ abilities to understand historical sources; to organise targeted educational activities for 4th formers and to identify changes in understanding of a historical source. The following research methods were used: analysis of scholarly literature on development of primary learners’ historical literacy; questionnaires of paper-and-pen assignments and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained data; organisation of educational activities and repeated research on abilities. Considering the propositions of the foreign scientific theory and the specifics of the Lithuanian general curriculum of primary education, a 6 level matrix for data collection and processing was used for the analysis of the data.
The conclusions of the research show that 3rd–4th formers are sufficiently successful in finding facts and data in direct and obviously presented historical information. They are insufficiently able to differentiate between the source information as a testimony of the context and a source as reliability of the evidence; to find information indirectly expressed in a source and to provide it as evidence describing the context of that time. Additional educational activities have slightly contributed to improvement of the 4th formers’ abilities to understand a historical source. They have approached a primary source as reliable evidence, have started applying the essential concepts related to understanding of a source, such as a primary source, an authentic letter because it is written in person. The research revealed that primary learners could achieve higher results if the aforesaid abilities were developed in a systematic way applying activities of active content creation and discovery.
The research data revealed a number of contradictory moments. Firstly, the research disclosed gaps in learners’ reasoning skills. Despite the learners’ abilities to successfully find direct information in the source, a number of them are able to identify indirect information as well, their reasoning process as if “has got stuck” between differentiation of information as a testimony and reliable evidence. Secondly, the research results encouraged considerations about the issues related to content and quality of education. This is linked with specifics of primary education and integrated teaching of history themes during lessons of Surrounding World Learning. The curriculum does not provide for a precise definition of abilities to understand a historical source as learning outcomes and, thus, their development is not appropriate.
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Rani, Nitya, and Anand A. Samuel. "Reducing transphobia: comparing the efficacy of direct and indirect contact." Industrial and Commercial Training 51, no. 7/8 (October 7, 2019): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-12-2018-0102.
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Purpose The transgender community faces prejudice and stigma and is one of the most ostracised groups in society. One of the ways to reduce prejudice is through intergroup contact. This may be achieved through direct or indirect contact. The purpose of this paper is to compare the impact of direct and indirect contact on reducing transphobia. Design/methodology/approach Direct contact was achieved through a transgender speaker panel and indirect contact involved a video presentation. In total, 159 students enroled in undergraduate courses at a prominent university in India were enlisted for this study. Perceptions regarding transgenders were measured using the genderism and transphobia scale. Perceptions were measured at three different time points – before the contact, immediately after the contact and one month post contact. Findings Results indicate that both direct and indirect contact cause a significant immediate decrease in transphobia at the post intervention stage. However, only direct contact caused significant reduction at the follow-up stage (one month after the intervention). Direct contact also effected a greater reduction in transphobia than indirect contact. Research limitations/implications This study extends previous research that shows that speaker panels involving sexual minority speakers can result in reducing stigma (e.g. Croteau and Kusek, 1992). The present study shows that such speaker panels can also be useful for reducing stigma against transgender individuals. Another important outcome of this study is the relative effectiveness of direct contact in reducing transphobia compared to indirect contact. Direct contact resulted in greater reduction in transphobia both at the post-test and follow-up stages compared to indirect contact. Practical implications The results of this study may benefit HR practitioners and policy makers in designing workplace initiatives and policies in creating an inclusive workplace. This study shows that meaningful interaction with transgenders would be a key step in reducing stigmatisation. Since direct contact is rarely expensive or time consuming, it can be a valuable tool to improve the integration of transgender individuals within society. Therefore, students and employees may be encouraged to interact with transgender individuals through panel discussions and workshops. Indirect contact may be used as a preliminary intervention in certain cases where direct contact may be difficult to organise. Social implications The stigma faced by transgender individuals has a significant negative impact on their quality of life (Grant et al., 2014; Reisner and Juntunen, 2015). It is, therefore, necessary to recognise and reduce prejudice against transgenders at both the college and school levels as well as in work organisations. Educators and managers have a significant role to play in this societal change. This study shows that stigma reduction can be achieved in a fairly simple way through contact theory. Originality/value This study is one of the first to investigate Indian students’ perceptions of transgenders. It improves on earlier studies using similar interventions in two main ways. First, this study includes a follow-up assessment, which was not performed in most studies. Second, random assignment of participants to one of two conditions improves the reliability of the findings.