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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organisational power relations'
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Rose, Howard John. "Social power, employment relations and organisational control." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336072.
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Sarra, Nicholas John. "Organisational development and power relations in an NHS trust." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421261.
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Lines, Robyn Laraine, and robyn lines@rmit edu au. "Discourse and Power: A Study of Change in the Managerialised University in Australia." RMIT University. Management, 2005. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060308.102930.
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The literature concerning work identities within universities is limited and focussed upon the ways academic staff construct their identities and the impacts these have upon their approaches to change. Similar studies for the range of differentiated roles that characterise the newly managerialised university are not available. The first stage of the research, therefore, was to develop a categorisation of the ways in which senior managers, line managers, support staff and academic staff construct their identities at work. This categorisation was created by bringing together the experiences of change of fifty three staff from five similar Australian universities, reported in interviews, with a review of the discourses widely available within the university sector (Deetz 1992; du Gay 1996a; Knights & Morgan 1991; Marginson 2000; Readings 1996) to produce thirteen different classifications associated with different roles. These categories described as case study one provide an initial framework for making sense of the different viewpoints expressed by staff in interviews and a language for understanding w hat particular actions might mean to the organisational members making them. As such it provides a starting point or tool for analysis and makes an original contribution to understanding change within universities. The second stage of this research examined the dynamics of a teaching change project and the interactions between differently constructed work identities it entailed. This was undertaken through an ethnographic study of a change project in process. The ethnography was supplemented by interviews with participants at the conclusion of the project. The analysis of the ethnography combined the first theoretical focus on constructed identity with concepts of power and their forms within organisations (Foucault 1998; Clegg 1989a; Callon 1986) to take account of the hierarchical organisation of the university and the differentiated organisational roles of participants in the change project.
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Baxter, Lynne. "Power relations in organisations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629936.
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This thesis is about power and technology in organisations. It begins with a review of the literature on technology and technical change, and the author argues that most writers project a simplistic view of power in their texts. This leads them to assume that managers in organisations can use technology to further their own sectional interests. Managers can influence how the technology is developed, and operate it in a way which furthers their own objectives. The author reviews previous work on power, and concludes by asserting that the way power operates in organisations would undermine the assumptions held by writers on technical change. However, the theoreticians in the power literature hold that there is a very close association with power and knowledge, and that technology is a useful bond in this association. The author decided that the best way to study these ideas empirically was to carry out a grounded study of a change in technology in an organisation. The centrepiece of the work is a qualitative case study of British Rail. The organisation decided to implement local area networks, and the first piece of software on this system was designed to facilitate the entry of payroll information. The author spent a year interviewing a wide range of people connected with the change. The material obtained is described in some depth. Grounded theorising techniques were used to analyse the material. The author found that existing theory could not explain certain aspects of her data. For example, the way power operated in the organisation was very different to how the theory would predict. The technology was new in itself and new to the organisation. This meant that no one grouping had full knowledge of it. Managers from the part of the organisation which sponsored the project did not want to know about errors in the technology or organisational problems with the implementation. A feature which emerged was that managers in higher status parts of the organisation said that they could not interfere with lower status units. Local sites trying to operate the technology eventually devised local solutions to problems. As a result of these and other findings, the author concludes that technology is not a simple device to increase management power, but can lower it. Powerlessness can be used as a strategic device to get other people to do what they would not otherwise. In organisations not knowing something can be a sign of power.
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Whittaker, Louise. "Information systems evaluation a post-dualist interpretation /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06142002-121347.
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Marks, Zoe E. Z. "The internal dynamics of rebel groups : politics of material viability and organisational capacity in the RUF of Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:99c334c8-132d-41b7-8d9b-3ed52147dac8.
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This thesis examines the internal dynamics of the Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone over the course of the civil war waged from 1991-2002. It does so in two parts, looking first at the RUF’s organizational capacity—its ability to emerge and survive as a group; and second, at its material viability—the logistics and procurement of food, weapons, and other resources required to sustain war. The RUF has become a paradigmatic case for the study of war and rebel groups in Africa. Although much has been written on the group and its violence, comparatively little is known about the inner-workings of the organization and how a largely forcibly recruited group of ill-equipped thousands managed to pose a viable threat to the state for over a decade. Through a fine-grained, case-based analysis, this study applies research on the microdynamics of violence in civil war to the structural and logistical mechanics that underpin it. Doing so contextualizes debates about resource wars, collective violence, and mobilization and onset within the RUF’s own strategies for controlling these aspects of war- making. New primary material, including rebel archive documents, describes the extensive military and civilian governance structures through which order and cohesion were established and enforced. Tracking the success and failure of these mechanisms helps explain the disconnect between rebel rhetoric and behaviour. A detailed examination of the RUF’s material capacity applies this organizational analysis to the group’s strategic priorities for survival. It reorients the resource war debate toward what actually fuels fighting on the ground. Food has long been overlooked as the primary requirement for group survival, and ammunition the basic element of military viability. These ‘low politics’ of survival explain the nature of the war and underscore the importance of shifting factors, such as territorial control, in shaping rebel behaviour. Finally, the ‘high politics’ of international arms trades and global diamond markets illumine changes in the RUF’s firepower and personalization of power, returning to the organizational failings that ultimately led to the group’s dissolution.
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Schéle, Ingrid. "Gendered experiences of work environment : A study of stress and ambiguity among dental students in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-40734.
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This thesis explores how dental students experience their education. We aim to generate ways to understand which elements relate to the students’ experience based on current theories and models regarding the quality of working life and gender (and) power relations. Methods Twelve interviews with Umeå dental students in their clinical semesters were analysed with a Grounded Theory (GT) as well as a content analysis approach. A web-survey was sent to all clinical dental students in Sweden (P ≈ 805) with a response rate of 40% (p = 322). The quantitative methods included structural equation modelling and cluster analysis. Results The GT analysis resulted in the core category “Experiencing ambiguity,” that captured the student’s role-ambiguity. Central categories focused on perceived stress and performance assessment in relation to ambiguous inner and outer demands. The content analysis resulted in three categories: “Notions of inequalities,” “Gendering,” and “The student position.” These categories present the ways groups of students are constructed in relation to the student/dentist norm and social gender relations, and how women and men of foreign descent risk subordination and stereotyping. The SEM-model contained psychosocial work environment, tolerance for ambiguity, perceived stress, and student satisfaction. Work environment influenced both perceived stress and satisfaction, and stood for almost all of the explained variance in perceived stress for women, indicating that women are constructed as co-responsible for the work environment. About half of the variance for the men was explained by tolerance for ambiguity, indicating that the feeling of uncertainty may lead to stress in men who include “being in control” in their gender identity. The cluster analysis resulted in a six-cluster solution ranging from “The fresh and positive” to “The worn critiques.” Psychosocial work environment again appeared to be the main factor. Gender also appears to be a factor as the gender distribution in the best as well as the two worst clusters differs from the population. Conclusion Work environment stands out among the factors that relate to the students wellbeing and satisfaction, but the student group is heterogeneous and the ways students perceive their work environment relate to different processes and experiences. We suggest that the ways gender and ethnicity appear to be constructed in relation to the sociocultural gender power relations and the (traditional) medical hierarchy could be of importance for how the students’ experience their psychosocial work environment.
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Baxter, Lucy. "Manufacturing consent or playing the game : an analysis of gender power relations in two sport related organisations." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2001. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1088/.
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The goal of this study is to examine the dynamics under-pinning the reproduction or transformation of gender power relations within two sport organisations. Across society we have images of women making ground and experiencing far greater prospects than ever before. Yet, on the other hand, this is bound up with continuous examples of little progress in work. For instance, while there are more opportunities for women across work than at any other point in the 20th Century, they continue to be segregated from men in a large number of jobs. Similar gendered patterns of progress are reflected in sport. There are now far more female participants in sport, however they remain concentrated in 'appropriate' sports which reflect historical images of femininity. Broadly, sport and work also dictate stereotypical images for male participants. While broad levels of change are occurring across society, central to this thesis is whether dominant patterns of gender relations are transformed or reproduced at the micro level of sport- related work. Critically sport organisations are selected because sport's history continues to demonstrate patterns of male dominance. Secondly, the growth of sport provision has occurred in a service area, an arena traditionally dominated by women workers. Finally, sport is one of the few sectors which traverses both the public and private industries, providing the basis for a comparative study. Therefore, employment within sport provides an opportunity to examine the ways in which gender power relations are challenged or reproduced when two diverse sets of relations meet. The theoretical framework draws heavily from feminist theory, particularly radical, socialist feminist and post-structuralism. A qualitative research strategy provides the framework for a comparative case study methodology. Seventy-five interviews were conducted across the two case study organisations, which are located in the North. Past Times is a contracted out leisure centre and Sporting Goods a privately owned sports clothing and equipment firm. Both companies are in the service industry but come from two diverse backgrounds. Sporting Goods developed from a manufacturing heritage and Past Times is breaking away from direct local authority control as a result of CCT. At the time of the research both establishments were experiencing high levels of organisational change. While Past Times breaks with tradition in having a female manager and Sporting Goods contrasts with a traditional management structure, hegemonic masculinity dominated across both organisations. Overall gender power relations were reproduced through day-to-day practices that appeal to, and perpetuate, common sense understandings of men and women's roles at work. The sport environment provided a critical site for the strengthening of homosocial relationships among men and enabled the identification of three interacting components of gender: bodies, identities and sexualities. These components together contribute to the ongoing construction of a logic of difference which is more highly defined in the sport environment.
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McBride, Joanne. "The persistence of power? : trade union workplace organisation and industrial relations in the Tyneside maritime construction industry." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2005. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2223/.
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This thesis examines trade union workplace organisation, industrial relations and the nature of power in the employment relationship in the Tyneside Maritime Construction Industry (TMCI). It explores this in a context where trade union organisation could be expected to be severely challenged, but has proved to be remarkably resilient. The analysis was constructed from the literature and empirically grounded in the data. Firstly, it draws upon the union renewal debate and examines three themes identified as being the central features of workplace unionism; the effectiveness of shop steward organisation, levels of activity in membership participation and the significance of workplace democracy. The findings support other contributions to a thesis of workplace union resilience and add a further development to the debates by presenting evidence that suggests 'resilient renewal'. Secondly, the main intellectual approach adopted were models based upon mobilisation and social movement theories. Using these approaches in a micro level analysis of industrial relations helped to break down the employment relationship and draw out some significant issues. The key issues drawn out from this analysis suggest three significant features of the TMCI employment relationship. Firstly, that the workplace union organisation is resilient, secondly, that its influence in the employment relationship is powerful, and thirdly, that it is the collective identity that exists in the industry that gives them that power.
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Murtagh, Chantelle. "Producing leaders : an ethnography of an indigenous organisation in the Peruvian Amazon." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/producing-leaders-an-ethnography-of-an-indigenous-organisation-in-the-peruvian-amazon(65afd804-3415-44f5-958d-fb2190dd73fc).html.
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This thesis is based on fieldwork undertaken in a multi-ethnic indigenous organisation, the Native Federation of Madre de Dios and tributaries (FENAMAD), in the Amazonian region of Madre de Dios in Peru. I explore the question “what is a good leader?” and offer a contribution to the literature on indigenous movements by focusing on the significant role that indigenous communities play in the development of leaders. Alterity is at the heart of the Federation as the leaders, who are elected to represent the communities, have to deal with various “others” on a daily basis, both indigenous and non-indigenous. The main focus is on how alterity is managed and made productive by the leaders. By analysing the instrumental use of the term hermano (brother) in indigenous politics I try to understand the way in which the “outside” is constantly defined and redefined in an attempt to produce a stable “inside” space in which indigenous politics can take place. I look at how the native communities affiliated to the organisation actively work towards establishing leaders who fulfil certain roles and expectations, which may at times be different to those promoted by the state. My ethnography shows that communities expect good leaders to be consecuente (consistent, trustworthy). I look at the process of “becoming a leader” and how the experience of these new leaders is understood as both performative and authentic, as an expression and outward display of their values and identity. By problematising authenticity, I explore how leaders not only tap into indigenous discourses, as performance of an identity for Western audiences, but use strategic markers (such as indigenous dress) and discourse to establish themselves as legitimate representatives in their own communities, as the base from which they draw power. Llegando bien a la comunidad (doing right by your community) is seen to be a motivating factor in a leader’s actions and choices, and this highlights the importance given by leaders to being seen in a good light by their home communities. In analysing the importance of presencia en las comunidades (presence in the communities), I show how this helps to embed leaders in community life, both during their time as leaders and afterwards. I also relate the leadership role to its function in “producing people”, as empowered and able to act. The role of the Federation in the production of knowledge is explored to uncover the links between power and knowledge, whereby knowledge becomes significant for constituting power in leaders and communities. An analysis of the language used during important events such as the triannual congress offers insight into how both leaders and communities are producing each other. It is through language that leaders work to produce a trustworthy, reliable social body, necessary for the continuance of the Federation and for furthering its aims of indigenous autonomy and self-determination.
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Greve, Tinka Maria. "Power Relations in the Voluntary Work with Immigrants. A Qualitative Study of a Migrant Self-Organisation in Bologna, Italy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21657.
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This qualitative study of a migrant self-organisation in Bologna, Italy analyses the power relations between immigrants and supporters within the field of voluntary work in the migration sector. Based on eight semi-structured interviews it explores the perception of power relations of the members of the intercultural association Spazio per tutti. The material was analysed with the help of thematic analysis and a postcolonial and intersectional perspective. In the first part of the discussion, it is demonstrated, along the theory of “strange encounters” of Sara Ahmed (2000), how dominant norms, such as the invisible norm of whiteness, are still present in the association and immigrants are confronted with the paradigm of integration. The second part of the analysis shows instead, with the help of Homi Bhabha’s theory of the third space (1994), how the association creates a space where fixed identities and roles can be challenged and negotiated. By taking the intersectional approach into account, it gets further clear that the internal power relations are more complex for being grasped along binary categories (e.g. immigrants and non-immigrants), as they for example do not reflect the special subject position of Black women. In a nutshell, the present case study demonstrates the need to draw the attention to the political dimension of social work with immigrants and to create more awareness for intersectional justice, also within organisations that already follow an empowerment approach.
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Abualhamael, Zeyad Waleed H. "The power of productive organisational energy in relation to leadership style and job satisfaction : the context of Saudi Arabian universities." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2017. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/619873/.
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Leadership as a research concept has been for many years – and still remains – an area of significance. The topic of leadership has been researched and debated a great deal; however, the leadership style adopted by higher education institutions within a particular context and culture has been considered very little. The primary aim of the Doctorate research study carried out herein is to examine and evaluate the relationship between leadership styles, i.e. transformational and transactional, productive organisational energy and academic and administrative staffs’ job satisfaction in public and private universities of Saudi Arabia. In fact, during the latest few decades, the leadership body of literature has expanded beyond the focus on traits and behaviours and also provided the theoretical basis for understanding the nature of each variable, which is highlighted in the research study. The present study was based completely on the quantitative research method approach. Data for the research were collected from the academics and administrative staff of two higher educational institutions in Saudi Arabia through the use of a survey questionnaire which was sent to more than 1,400 potential respondents. A theoretical framework was also assessed in an empirical study in Saudi Arabia, to examine the impact of leadership style on job satisfaction and the mediating role played by productive organisational energy – as observed in the relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction. The study is significant for practical purposes, as it can benefit organisations in identifying their need for a specific leadership style, in order to boost their employees’ productive energy and satisfaction. The relationship between leadership style, productive organisational energy and job satisfaction was tested theoretically and empirically. The research determined that in the public King Abdulaziz University, transformational leadership predicted neither job satisfaction nor productive organisational energy to a significant level, though transactional leadership did so. Conversely, for the private Dar Alhekma University, transformational leadership did predict job satisfaction and productive organisational energy to a significant level, but transactional leadership did not manage to do so. Finally, a review of some of the limitations of the research study and several areas of future research are provided on the basis of the empirical and theoretical findings.
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Kirchoff, Ingrid Synnøve. "Everything is NOT awesome : A study on the campaign that ended LEGO’s partnership with Shell." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-38231.
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There is an on-going discussion in public relation scholarship surrounding the implication of critical theory on the study of activists’ utilization of public relations tools. One side believes that the mainstream theoretical models are sufficient for explaining the situation in which conflicts and negotiations between activists and corporations are happening, the other believes that critical theory needs to be applied. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an example that sheds light on this type of situation. It will study the 2014 conflict between Greenpeace and LEGO to see if orthodox theories are applicable, or if not, how and why critical theory should get more attention from public relations scholars. The aim of the thesis is to solve the conflict through studying a case. To solve the dispute two research questions are aiming to scrutinize the negotiation situation between LEGO and Greenpeace. The questions are asking what images of the Greenpeace campaign was most frequently used by the media, and how these frame LEGO. A method triangulation was applied to answer these questions. First, a quantitative study identified what images that were most frequently used by the media to cover the story. Later a qualitative text analysis in the form of semiotics was used to analyse how these images framed LEGO. The result shows that almost 90% of the images used by mass media was directly illustrating Greenpeace’s campaign. The messages in these images framed LEGO on one hand, as a passive player that would stand by and watch as their business partner polluted both the earth and kids’ imaginations. On the other hand the company was portrayed as an almighty institution that would not take stakeholders wishes and opinions into consideration. The study serves as an example on the negotiation situation between activists and corporations. The conclusion relates the thesis back to the problem definition. The public relation communication utilized by Greenpeace, and studied in this thesis, is evidence that the scholarship needs broaden the intellectual domain by incorporating activism and critical theory into the academic field.
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Parigot, Julia. "De la production d'une organisation alternative via l'espace : le cas des lieux intermédiaires dans le secteur du théâtre." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED029/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse au rôle de l’espace en tant qu’outil et enjeu de pouvoir dans le processus de développement des organisations alternatives. Plus spécifiquement, elle examine dans quelle mesure la production d’un espace peut contribuer à la création et à la pérennisation d’une organisation alternative. Pour répondre à cette question, nous menons une étude de cas unique auprès des lieux intermédiaires franciliens dans le secteur du théâtre français. Celui-ci est dominé par deux modèles organisationnels : le théâtre privé marchand et le théâtre public non marchand. Les lieux intermédiaires cherchent à imposer un troisième modèle qui ne relèverait ni du privé ni du public mais de ce qu’ils appellent le tiers secteur. En conjuguant entretiens semi-directifs, observation et données secondaires, nous montrons que ces organisations produisent différents types d’espaces – à la fois individuels et collectifs – à différentes échelles. Cette combinaison permet aux lieux intermédiaires d’être mobiles et de résister aux réactions hostiles de l’espace dominant et ainsi de se pérenniserThis thesis analyses how the production of space helps to create and sustain alternative organizations. In this study, space is seen as a source of power. In order to answer this question we conduct a single case study: the intermediary places in the French theatre sector. Two organizational models prevail in this sector: the lucrative private sector and the public non-profit one. Intermediary places tend to establish a third model neither private nor public: third sector organizations. We combine semi-structured interviews, observations and secondary data. We show alternative organizations produce different type of individual and collective spaces on multiple scales. Thanks to this combination, intermediary places become mobile and more resistant to dominant space reactions. They are most likely to sustain themselves
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Nyere, Chidochashe. "A Decolonial Perspective on the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's Invasion of Libya in 2011." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75748.
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (hereafter, NATO) invasion of Libya in 2011 demonstrated and revealed the operative logics and technologies of global coloniality. Global coloniality names the trans-historic expansion of colonial domination and the perpetuation of its effects in contemporary times. This thesis critically examines how coloniality of power was manifested in the invasion of Libya by NATO forces in 2011. Deploying a decolonial epistemic perspective, the thesis delves deeper into the invisible colonial matrices of power, and in the process exposing and unmasking the very conditions that made the invasion possible in the first place. The decolonial epistemic perspective combines historical and world systems analyses to shed light on the convergences of local histories and global designs in creating conflicts. At the centre of the concept of coloniality of power is control, expressed in four main levers of analysis, namely: control of authority, control of the economy, control of knowledge and subjectivity and control of gender and sexuality. At the centre of global colonial matrices of power, is the United Nations (UN), which is controlled by the few powerful states of the Global North with veto power. The UN is used to justify liberal imperial invasions. Libya just like Iraq before it, and Venezuela today, are victims of neo-liberal imperialist onslaught. What emerges in this thesis is how global coloniality has appropriated liberal discourses of liberal democracy and human rights to justify liberal imperialism. The main findings are that a Euro-North American-centric power configuration was challenged by Qaddafi’s introduction of the gold-backed dinar currency, the pursuit of acquiring a telecommunications satellite for information and knowledge-creation for Africa, Qaddafi’s rising popularity in Africa and the Global South, and Qaddafi’s conception and position on women-empowerment, thereby redefining the conception of gender and sexuality, which was antithetical to a Euro-North America-centric worldview. As a result, the delinquent Qaddafi had to be punished and eliminated.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Political Sciences
PhD International Relations
Unrestricted
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Wenzel, Eric. "An exploration of processes of mutual recognition in organization development initiatives from the standpoint of a practising consultant." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7658.
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What usually goes unaddressed in the consultancy literature is an exploration of how consultants make sense of their contributions in particular when they come to work in politically laden contexts. Resulting conflictual debates with clients and colleagues severely influence how their advice is responded to. Against this background, consultants’ ability to determine and predict future outcomes of their work is hardly problematized. Additionally, consultants are mutually dependent on both colleagues and clients. This dependency underpins power differentials and the struggle which arises when these are contested can often take violent forms, such as misrecognition, humiliation or public shaming. The central argument put forward in this thesis is that tolerating (the potential for) misrecognition and/or for violence when goals are not met or when power fluctuates is an important, yet rarely mentioned, aspect for being recognized as a consultant. These aspects deserve as much attention as the often ideal-typical forms management consulting is said to take in the mainstream management literature because they speak to the irremediably incomplete and rather probabilistic nature of consultants’ advice, and the multiplicity of (often not anticipated or undesired) meanings their work evokes. In order to make sense of the flux and flow of organizational activity, the plethora of responses such activity calls out and its attendant ambiguities are considered and critically reflected upon. The theory of complex responsive processes of relating (Stacey, 2007, 2010; Griffin, 2002; Shaw, 2002), theories of recognition, (Honneth, 1994, 2008; Kearney, 2003; Ricoeur, 2005), Hegelian dialectics and neo-pragmatist thought (Bernstein, 1983, 1991) are provided as non-orthodox views on human organizing. A perspective is proffered which pays attention to the inchoate, ambivalent and indeterminate dimensions of organizing as a way to make sense of how these simultaneously and paradoxically order, regularize, and normalize human activity. Particular attention will be paid to negotiations which take place in microinteractions to exemplify that it is not pre-planned human cooperation but the intermingling of intentions of people who are mutually dependent on one another which paradoxically gives rise to regular population-wide patterns and spontaneous change. To make sense of what these insights mean for a practising consultant a view is offered where our reflections (thought) on our interactions (practice) at once form and are being formed by one another. An attempt is made to move beyond the practice/theory dualism by taking a pragmatist view which claims that thought and action only ever arise together, thus rendering an understanding of consultative intervention in which thought comes before action idealized and rather dubious. It will be argued that the most important contribution consultants can make is to try to stay radically open, and to try to keep on exploring as long as possible the multiplicity of narratives which constitute the differing perspectives of organizational reality.
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White, Laura Johanna. "Executive leadership in international organisation : a case study of WTO Directors-General (1995-2013)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/executive-leadership-in-international-organisationa-case-study-of-wto-directorsgeneral-19952013(d7b0d74b-580c-4b01-80c4-37fcae82e2a0).html.
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The thesis explores the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Executive leadership is often praised or blamed for outcomes in international agencies, and yet, the disciplinary literature fails to incorporate the executive head into institutional analyses of politics, power, and change over time. The thesis aims to address this lacuna and the role of executive leadership by analysing if and how it matters in international politics. The thesis draws on a composite literature from other areas of political research to establish what is known. A review of the literature and prevailing approaches to leadership studies reveals that an overwhelming majority of scholarship relies on exclusively structural or agential accounts of leadership. This somewhat determinist literature has distorted the limited knowledge on the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Approaches that focus on agency-based explanations argue that executive heads matter greatly. Approaches that utilise structure to interpret executive leadership find that it matters little, if at all. Rejecting these narrow frameworks, the thesis uses a dialectical approach, supported by critical realism, to analyse four cases of executive leadership in the World Trade Organization to address the research questions and lacuna. The case studies draw on over 70 years of multilateral trade governance to reveal a set of core and subsidiary findings about politics, power, executive leadership, and change over time. The thesis argues that executive leadership matters, but that how it matters is contingent on the executive head and the circumstances of their term. By incorporating the executive head into the disciplinary literature, the thesis argues politics, power, and change over time can be more accurately understood.
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Lotze, Walter. "South Africa as a Middle Power at the WTO Brokering African Interests?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2795.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.Post-apartheid foreign policy has witnessed a fundamental shift in South African foreign policy objectives and strategies as the country has aimed to move from a pariah to a participant in the international community. Since 1994, South Africa has become an active player in the international system and has assumed an increasingly active role in international organisations. One distinct strand of South African foreign policy which has emerged is a commitment to the use and support of multilateralism. Yet, as the country has become increasingly active in multilateral fora, so too, it is argued, has it been torn between the promotion of its own interests and those of its African peers. At times South Africa is seen to vociferously champion African interests, and at others to sideline the interests of its African partners and the notion of the African Renaissance, in favour of its own interests. Yet, whilst inconsistencies in South African multilateral foreign policy exist, this study argues that overall, South Africa has actively and consciously attempted to establish itself as an African middle power within the international system, and to create a distinct niche for itself as “the voice of Africa” in multilateral fora. Employing a Middle Power approach and utilising the concept of niche-building diplomacy this study investigates first, South Africa’s middle power niche in the international system at large, before, secondly, investigating South Africa’s role at the World Trade Organisation. The study concludes that, while South Africa has continually attempted to establish itself as “the voice of Africa” in a range of multilateral fora and has acted in a manner consistent with this stated objective, it has acted contrary to its established niche at the World Trade Organisation since joining this organisation in 1994. Indeed, this study finds that whereas in other multilateral fora South Africa has acted as the standard-bearer of African interests, in the World Trade Organisation it has acted contrary to African interests time and again. The findings indicate that the Middle Power concept in international relations itself needs to be revisited, that South Africa’s role as a middle power in the international system requires greater investigation, and that further research is required on the roles played by other middle powers at the World Trade Organisation.
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Miller, Sarah Ann Deardorff. "IO power from within? : UNHCR's surrogate statehood in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e714c092-c127-4c1a-a28c-8d9496443bc2.
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This thesis examines the role of international organizations (IOs) at the domestic level. While International Relations (IR) offers an extensive literature on IOs, with understandings of IOs ranging from instruments of states to autonomous actors, it tends to ignore the role of IOs working at the domestic level, with an 'on-the-ground' presence of their own, and what this means for the IO's relationship with the state. The thesis develops a heuristic framework for understanding what is called IO 'domestication', which outlines a range of ways an IO can work domestically. It then focuses on one type domestication in particular: surrogate statehood, or cases where an IO substitutes for the state by providing services, executing functions of governance, and assuming authority in a given locale. The framework identifies indicators of surrogacy, the conditions for IO surrogacy, and reasons why it is sustained. It also considers the various types of relationship that can emerge from IO surrogacy between the IO and the state, ranging from states that willingly choose to abdicate responsibility to the IO, to states that partner with the IO. Empirically, the thesis examines these relationships through the case studies of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, which present a spectrum of UNHCR’s surrogacy over time. Ultimately, the thesis puts forth a counterintuitive claim: IOs that take on surrogate state properties actually have less influence on the states in which they are working. The analysis draws on two mechanisms to help explain this outcome: marginalisation of the state, and responsibility shifting.
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Apenuvor, Kossi Dodzi. "Rapports de pouvoir et stratégies d'acteurs dans les relations interorganisationnelles Nord-Sud. Etude de cas : les partenariats de Brücke·Le pont (Suisse), EED et Pain pour le Monde (Allemagne) avec les ONG togolaises." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1044/document.
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Les partenariats entre ONG du Nord et du Sud sont souvent considérés comme étant des relationsasymétriques entre deux types d’organisations aux caractéristiques fortement contrastées. Pour réelleque soit la nature de ces rapports, le recours à l’histoire des relations entre pays développés et sousdéveloppéset, dans certains cas, entre ex-colonisateurs et colonisés comme seule grille de lecture favorise une interprétation en termes de domination. Ainsi, des décisions provenant des ONG du Nord seraient imposées aux organisations du Sud qui, pour continuer à bénéficier des financements nécessaires pour leurs actions, se verraient contraintes de s’y conformer. Il semblerait, cependant, que cette façon de lire les relations interorganisationnelles Nord-Sud, dans le champ de la solidarité internationale, soit plutôt limitative et ne rende que très partiellement compte de la réalité de ces rapports. En effet, en adoptant une posture théorique comme celle proposée par l’approche stratégique des acteurs où le pouvoir est considéré comme une relation négociée au regard des objectifs et contraintes des différentes parties, les comportements des ONGimpliquées dans les partenariats devraient pouvoir être lus comme relevant d’un ensemble de « jeux » visant l’acquisition ou le renforcement d’une certaine légitimité qui leur garantit l’accès aux ressources. Dans cette logique, le modèle basé sur le recrutement de cabinets de consultants comme tierce partie dans les relations, souvent dyadiques, entre ONG du Nord et du Sud, devra être interprété au-delà de la simple manifestation de la domination des premières sur les secondes. En s’appuyant sur le cas des partenariats de Brücke·Le pont (Suisse), EED et Pain pour le Monde (Allemagne) au Togo, cette thèse met l’accent sur les besoins pratiques auxquels répond ce modèle et montre l’écart entre les comportements prescrits et ceux réellement adoptés par les acteurs, reflet des stratégies des uns et des autres en fonction de leurs enjeuxPartnerships between northern and southern NGOs used to be considered as asymmetric relations between two different types of organizations with many contrasting characteristics. As real as it can be, referring to the traditional relations between developed and developing countries or countries linked by colonization relations as the one best way to explain the nature of those interorganizational relations may induct a wrong interpretation. Indeed, in that perspective, their relations can only be read such as signs of domination. However, this way of reading the North-South inter-organizational partnerships is a limited andpartial point of view. But using theoretical approaches such as those proposed by the actor’s strategy analysis where power is considered as a negotiated relationship according to the constraints and challenges of the different organizations, these relations can be differently read. For example they can be interpreted as a set of strategies which aim to acquire or strengthen legitimacy which is such a guarantee for their projects and organizations to be funded. In this way, the model which consist in recruiting consultants as a third party in the partnerships between northern and southern, NGOs has to be interpreted more than a simple sign of domination. Based on the case of study of three European NGO’s partners in Togo, this thesis focuses on thepractical needs met by this model and shows the difference between behaviours prescribed and those actually adopted by the actors, reflecting the strategies of each other according to their stakes
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Trémeaud, Caroline. "La production des " grandes femmes " : la relation des femmes avec la richesse et le pouvoir, dans le monde celtique nord-alpin, pendant les âges du Bronze et du Fer." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010534.
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Ce travail de thèse pose la question des rapports masculin-féminin au sein des sociétés du monde nord-alpin. La réflexion est basée sur un corpus de sépultures réparties sur le nord-est de la France, la moitié sud de l’Allemagne, la Suisse, l’Autriche et la Bohême, du Bronze final au milieu du second âge du Fer. L’étude de quelques nécropoles a mis en évidence l’existence d’une structure hiérarchisée de ces sociétés. Ce préalable permet de poser la question des « grandes femmes » dans ces sociétés à travers l’appréhension d’une élite, définie par des sépultures ostentatoires. Un corpus de plus de 700 de ces sépultures a été analysé, nécessitant la mise en œuvre d’outils méthodologiques permettant d’interpréter le corpus en termes de richesse et de genre puis d’en questionner les relations mutuelles. Les données funéraires ont été enrichies par les apports des données textuelles et iconographiques sur les sociétés nord-alpines mais également par l’étude des rapports de genre dans les sociétés contemporaines, voisines du monde nord-alpin et mieux documentées. Tous ces éléments ont permis de préciser les fluctuations des rapports entre féminin et masculin, de mettre en évidence des moments d’ostentation importante du féminin et d’en tirer des hypothèses interprétatives sur les structures des sociétés nord-alpines envisagéesThis thesis explores male-female relationships within societies of the North Alpine world. The reflection is based on a corpus of more than 1000 graves spread over north-eastern France, Southern Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Bohemia. This corpus is twofold : a first part is dedicated to cemeteries and reveals the existence of a social hierarchy in these societies ; a second part focuses on the elite’s graves that multiplied from Late Bronze Age to the middle of second Iron Age. The study of these burials required the development of methodological tools for interpreting the corpus in terms of wealth and gender in order to question the relationships between male and female. This funerary data was completed with ancient textual and iconographical data and broadened with a consideration of gender relations in contemporary and neighboring societies of the North-Alpine world. These elements enabled to clarify the development that affected male and female relationships, as well to highlight important periods of emergence of women and finally to draw interpretative hypotheses on the social structures of the considered north Alpine societies
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Benmakhlouf, Julie. "La relation franco-américaine autour de la question irakienne : la contestation d'un mode occidental alternatif." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20018/document.
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Le différend entre la France et les Etats-Unis sur le règlement de la question irakienne a provoqué une crise diplomatique majeure entre les deux pays, jugée par certains comme la plus sérieuse dans l’histoire des relations bilatérales. Le dossier irakien a cristallisé les positions diplomatiques des deux alliés et mis en lumière deux lectures d’une grande question internationale. Pour la France, il a été l’occasion de défendre des principes, de faire entendre sa voix et de partager sa vision d’un monde multipolaire fondé sur la quête d’un règlement pacifique des différends. Pour les Etats-Unis, cette question relevait d’un enjeu de sécurité nationale, dans une Amérique profondément traumatisée par les attentats de septembre 2001. La rupture franco-américaine a résulté de facteurs structurels anciens : la concurrence entre deux modèles politiques et diplomatiques qui se veulent universels et le déséquilibre entre une puissance française, déclinante, qui aspire à préserver ses sphères d’influence sur la scène internationale, et une puissance américaine, ascendante, devenue, depuis l’effondrement du bloc soviétique, l’unique superpuissance à la tête d’un monde unipolaire. L’affrontement bilatéral du printemps 2003 a ainsi révélé les caractères intrinsèques qui opposent la diplomatie française et la diplomatie américaine et dévoilé leur conception très éloignée qu’elles se faisaient du nouvel ordre mondial et de la place qu’elles aspirent à occuper sur l’échiquier internationalThe disagreement between France and the US over the Iraqi issue led to a serious diplomatic crisis between the two countries, considered by many analysts as the most serious one in the history of bilateral relations. The Iraqi case crystallized the diplomatic positions of both allies and revealed two different reads of this major international issue. For France, this case was the opportunity to defend its principles, to get itself heard by the rest of the world and to share its vision of a multipolar world, where disputes would be peacefully settled through international organizations. For the US, that issue fell under a matter of national security, in a country deeply traumatized by ‘9/11’. The split between thetwo countries resulted from historical structural causes : (i) the competition between two political and diplomatic models that present themselves as universal, and (ii) the imbalance between France’s declining power aspiring to preserve its spheres of influence over the world and America’s ascending power that has become, since the end of the Cold War, the only superpower. The bilateral confrontation of 2003 revealed the distinctive patterns of both French and American foreign policies and exposed their different views and models of the new world order, as well as their ambitions on the international scene
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Armbruster, Lars Christof. "Explaining 1989? : a reconstruction of historical research programmes on Soviet world power status, Socialist states and their welfare regimes, nation building in the Soviet Russian imperial union, Soviet imperial relations of domination, and Communist ideology and party organisation, and a comparative appraisal of their explanatory reliability and reach." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289033.
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Zdrojewski, David. "L'alliance américaine - clé de la politique orientale polonaise (1989-2008)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0030.
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En établissant une relation entre une stratégie d’alliance et la mise en œuvre d’une politique étrangère dans un espace géographique limité, l’auteur entend interpréter des intentions (géo)politiques et place son étude en discussion avec les travaux théoriques centrés sur les rapports de force. Il reconstruit le contexte de la décision polonaise de faire alliance avec les Etats-Unis et montre l’importance de savoir si les comportements d’alliance et d’alignement sont connectés dans la logique des alliances ou si ce sont deux catégories exclusives l’une de l’autre. Il propose ensuite une relecture de la politique orientale polonaise en prenant notamment en compte l’histoire de la Pologne ainsi que les conceptions de ses élites dirigeantes afin de montrer que la stratégie d’alliance avec les Etats-Unis peut être comprise comme l’instrument privilégié de la politique orientale polonaise. Enfin, il identifie les paramètres qui permettent à la fois de corroborer l’existence d’une alliance polono-américaine opérante dans l’espace post-soviétique et d’estimer sa durabilité. Le cas polonais montre qu’il ne faut pas considérer tous les Etats comme s’ils étaient des puissances satisfaites qui cherchent surtout à maximiser leur sécurité plutôt que leur puissance, et qu’il est indispensable de penser le phénomène des alliances (géo)politiquement, historiquement, mais aussi culturellement pour être en mesure d’éviter le piège des faux paradigmes dont sont porteurs des discours construits a posterioriBy establishing a connection between an alliance strategy and the implementation of a foreign policy in a limited geographical area, the author means to interpret (geo)political intentions and place his study in the context of theoretical works focussing on balance of power. He recontextualises the Polish decision to establish an alliance with the United States and shows the importance of knowing whether alliance and alignment behaviours are connected in the logic of alliances or whether they are two mutually exclusive categories. He then proposes to reconsider Polish eastern policy, paying particular attention to the history of Poland and the thinking of its ruling elites in order to demonstrate that the strategy of alliance with the United States can be regarded as the main instrument of Polish eastern policy. Finally, he identifies the parameters that make it possible both to confirm the existence of a Polish-American alliance operating within the post-Soviet area and to estimate its durability. The example of Poland shows that not all States can be regarded as self-satisfied powers mainly striving to maximise their security rather than their power and that the phenomenon of alliances must be considered in (geo-)political and historical, but also cultural terms in order to avoid the trap of false paradigms to which post facto discourses are prone
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Nguyen, Anh Thu. "La diplomatie culturelle du Vietnam : instrument au service de l'intégration internationale." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3015.
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Comblant un fossé dans les études relatives à la diplomatie culturelle des pays émergents, cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une analyse quantitative et qualitative de la diplomatie culturelle vietnamienne. Celle-ci est une partie intégrante de la politique étrangère en vue d’assurer une intégration internationale du pays et ce, au service du développement socio-économique. L’objectif primordial de cette stratégie, reconnue comme l’un des trois piliers de la diplomatie vietnamienne avec l’économie et le politique, est de présenter le Vietnam dans le monde entier afin d’attirer les investissements. Dans ce sens, elle constitue un outil de « marketing » pour le pays. L’histoire séculaire contre les invasions étrangères, une détermination de préservation de l’identité culturelle ainsi que la nature du régime politique sont à l’origine des particularités de cette stratégie qui articule diplomatie du parti communiste, du gouvernement et du peuple. L’élément étatique est indispensable dans la formulation de cette politique. L’observation des pratiques ainsi que le résultat de notre évaluation montre que cette diplomatie se concentre sur les activités évènementielles au détriment des projets structurels (éducation et information). Sa mise en œuvre constitue un défi pour le gouvernement, en raison d’une absence de véritable mécanisme de coordination d’une part, mais aussi d’une conception de la « culture » attachée à l’idéologie d’autre part. L’UNESCO est le partenaire principal du Vietnam car l’inscription au patrimoine mondial de sites ou de pratiques nationaux demeure l’un des sujets phare de cette diplomatie, contribuant à l’essor du tourisme. La Francophonie, elle, a des compétences spécifiques en particulier dans la diversité culturelle mais le Vietnam n’en a pas encore bénéficié. Si l’UNESCO est un forum où le Vietnam pourrait se présenter dans la communauté internationale, l’OIF, avec le dossier économique et la promotion du français, servirait de lieu pour promouvoir une recherche d’influence dans la région d’Asie du Sud-EstFilling a gap in studies on cultural diplomacy of the emerging countries, this thesis constitutes of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Vietnamese cultural diplomacy. This is an integral part of foreign policy in order to ensure international integration of the country and also for socio-economic development. The primary objective of this strategy, recognized as one of the three pillars of Vietnamese diplomacy with economy and politics, is to present Vietnam to the worldwide in order to attract investment. Thus, it is a “marketing” tool for the country. The secular history against foreign invasions, a determination to preserve the cultural identity and the nature of the political regime are the specific features of this strategy, articulating diplomacies of the Communist party, the government and the Vietnamese people. The element “state” is essential in the formulation of this policy. The observation of practices and the results of our evaluation show that this diplomacy focuses on event activities while seconding structural project (education and information). Its implementation is a challenge for the government, due to a lack of effective coordination on the one hand, but also a concept of “culture” attached to the ideology on the other. UNESCO is the main partner of Vietnam because inclusion in the World Heritage sites remains one of the major subjects of the Vietnamese cultural diplomacy, contributing to the development of tourism. La Francophonie has its specific expertise especially in cultural diversity but Vietnam has not benefited from that yet. If UNESCO is a forum where Vietnam could arise in the international community, OIF, with the economic issue and the promotion of French, would serve as a place to promote influence of Vietnam in the South-East Asia
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Clément, Emmanuelle. "L'établissement distinct en droit du travail." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20026.
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L’établissement distinct est devenu un concept incontournable dans la vie des entreprises et une notion récurrente dans les textes légaux et la jurisprudence. Dans l’hypothèse la plus simple, l’entreprise n’est dotée que d’une seule unité de travail, constituée d’activités et de personnels réunis en un même lieu. L’entreprise et l’établissement unique se confondent alors. Mais dès lors qu’elle développe un effectif important et que sa structure complexe impose la mise en place d’une organisation adaptée, elle se démembre et se divise en établissements. L’établissement distinct devient alors un centre d’activité de l’entreprise géographiquement ou matériellement isolé. Le droit du travail tente de saisir l’établissement distinct dans de multiples dimensions et n’adopte pas la même approche selon l’utilité que sa reconnaissance peut apporter dans l’entreprise. L’objet de cette recherche est de saisir la multiplicité des réalités que recouvre l’établissement distinct et d’éclaircir la manière dont le législateur et les tribunaux tendent à l’optimiser en fonction du rôle qui lui est assigné. Concomitamment, il est question de vérifier l’opportunité d’opérer un recentrage des rapports du droit du travail au niveau de l’établissement plutôt qu’au niveau de l’entreprise et les conséquences qui en résultentThe separate establishment has become an unavoidable concept in the life of the companies and a recurring notion in the legal texts and the jurisprudence. In the simplest case, the company has only one work unit, consisting of activities and personnel in one place. The enterprise and the single establishment are then merged. But since it develops a large workforce and its complex structure requires the establishment of a suitable organization, it is dismembered and divided into establishments. The separate establishment then becomes a center of activity of the company geographically or materially isolated. Labor law attempts to seize the distinct establishment in multiple dimensions and does not adopt the same approach depending on the utility that its recognition can bring to the company. The purpose of this research is to grasp the multiplicity of realities encompassed by the distinct institution and to clarify how the legislature and the courts tend to optimize it according to the role assigned to it. Concomitantly, it is a question of verifying the desirability of refocusing the relations of labor law at the level of the establishment rather than at the level of the enterprise and the resulting consequences
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Paring, Géraldine. "Nouvelles modalités du contrôle organisationnel : sociomatérialité et intercorporéité. Une autoethnographie d'un cabinet de conseil interne. ‘Welcome to the whiteboard, the new member of the team’: Identity regulation as a sociomaterial process Am I Neo in the Matrix? Organized intercorporeality and dehumanization processes Approches autoethnographiques : connaître à partir de soi." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2019PSLED034.
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La thèse étudie à travers 3 articles les nouvelles modalités du contrôle social du management dans les organisations contemporaines post-bureaucratiques. Via l’autoethnographie d’un cabinet de conseil interne d’une institution financière, elle examine le corps du consultant interne comme un instrument essentiel du déploiement d’un programme global de standardisation des pratiques de travail pour réduire les coûts. La thèse explore comment le consultant interne devient une nouvelle figure sociale incarnant les valeurs du programme et interagissant corporellement avec les autres salariés pour les induire à adopter les pratiques de travail.Mobilisant une grille d’analyse sociomatérielle et la notion d’identité performative de Judith Butler, la thèse montre que la création de l’identité sociale du consultant interne est performative et issue d’un processus sociomatériel: combinant discours, artefacts de gestion et corps, il fait advenir de nouvelles conduites corporelles publiques de la part des consultants, signifiant leur identité. La thèse montre que la régulation identitaire n’est pas seulement un produit des discours ou de disciplines, mais aussi d’arrangements organisationnels imbriquant discours, corps et matérialité.La thèse explore ensuite pourquoi et comment le contrôle des autres salariés passe par une politique managériale d'intensification des interactions corporelles entre eux et les consultants. Mobilisant la notion d’intercorporéité de Maurice Merleau-Ponty et la typologie des modes de chosification du corps de Martha Nussbaum, la thèse interprète que l’intercorporéité entre les consultants et les autres salariés repose en réalité sur une structure intercorporelle qui les lie dans un rapport entre corps-objets, formant le sous-bassement de la gamme des conduites corporelles inductives des consultants envers les salariés: le corps du consultant, réifié dans son instrumentalité, agit sur le corps du salarié, réifié dans son inertie et manque d’autonomie. La chosification des salariés n’est cependant ni uniforme ni absolue, mais contextuelle et variable, permettant au management d’instrumentaliser l’intercorporéité dans sa dimension affective. La thèse avance également que la structure intercorporelle est le produit de processus qui combinent discours et arrangements spatiaux, matériels et temporels des corps et de leurs interactions. Elle met ainsi en avant la structure intercorporelle comme un nouvel espace politique et éthique; réunissant les dimensions spatiales, matérielles et temporelles de l’intercorporéité, elle construit les rapports sociaux et éthiques au sein de l’organisation, allant au-delà d’une conceptualisation de l’intercorporéité comme une communication immanente, tacite et affective entre corps.Sur le plan méthodologique, la thèse propose une méthode autoethnographique phénoménologique faisant une synthèse entre la notion de corps-sujet de Maurice Merleau-Ponty et l’autoethnographie, pour explorer les modalités du contrôle social qui engagent les corps et pas seulement les pensées. Le corps percevant, à travers l’expérience de soi et des autres dans le cours ordinaire de la vie en contexte organisationnel, signifie les correspondances complexes et contextuelles qui s’instaurent entre objets, corps, espace et temps pour produire le contrôle social. La méthode développe l’autoethnographie sur une autre base épistémologique que le récit de soi.La thèse ouvre sur une nouvelle compréhension du contrôle dans les organisations post-bureaucratiques, qui mettent en avant la connexion entre salariés; il ne vise plus simplement à rendre les individus dociles et productifs, mais à s’approprier leur socialité; les méthodes reposent sur une orientation des corps-sujets en relation les uns aux autres pour forger les rapports sociaux et éthiques, en influençant l’organisation spatiale, matérielle et temporelle des corps et de leurs interactionsThe thesis and 3 papers study the new managerial methods of social control in today’s post-bureaucratic organizations. Through the autoethnography of an internal consulting department in a large financial institution, they examine the internal consultant’s body as an essential instrument to deploy a global program aiming at standardizing work practices to reduce costs. In particular, the thesis explores how the internal consultant is led to embody the values of the program and corporeally interact with other employees to induce and enroll them to adopt the work practices.Drawing upon a sociomaterial lens and the notion of performative identity of Judith Butler, the thesis shows how the creation of the internal consultant’s social identity is performative and stems from a sociomaterial process: combining discourses, artifacts and bodies, it generates new public bodily behaviors from the consultants, making sense of their identity. It contributes to show how identity regulation is not only a product of discourses and discipline, but also of organizational arrangements imbricating discourses, materialities and bodies.The thesis explores why and how other employees are controlled through intensifying the intercorporeal relationships between them and the consultants. Drawing upon Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s notion of intercorporeality and Martha Nussbaum’s typology of body’s objectification, the thesis interprets their intercorporeality as resting upon an intercorporeal structure which links them in a relationship between body-objects and undergirds the array of the consultants’ inductive bodily conducts towards the employees: the consultant’s body, objectified in its instrumentality, acts upon the employee’s body, objectified in its inertia and lack of autonomy. Employees’ objectification is nonetheless neither uniform nor complete, but variable and contextual, enabling the management to instrumentalize intercorporeality in its affective dimension. The dissertation also examines how the intercorporeal structure is produced by processes combining discourses and spatial, material and temporal arrangements of bodies and interactions. It thus puts forward the intercorporeal structure as a new ethical and political space, encompassing the spatial, material and temporal dimensions of intercorporeality and contributing to shape the ethical and social relationships within the organization, going beyond a conceptualization of intercorporeality as an immanent, tacit and affective communication between bodies as in extant literature.Methodologically, the thesis proposes a phenomenological autoethnographic approach combining autoethnography and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s notion of body-subject, to explore the new methods of social control engaging the body and not only the mind. The perceiving body, through the experience of oneself and others in the ordinary course of life, makes sense of the complex and contextual correspondences between objects, bodies, space and time producing the social control. The approach contributes to develop organizational autoethnography on a different epistemological basis than the self-narrative.Overall, the dissertation opens up to an understanding of control in post-bureaucratic organizations, which favor connectedness between employees, as not merely seeking to make subjects more docile and productive, but to appropriate their sociality; it rests upon nudging and orienting body-subjects in relation to one another to shape the ethical and social relations, influencing the spatial, material and temporal organizing of bodies and their interactions
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Khalfaoui, Liece. "Diversité culturelle et innovation organisationnelle en contexte de coopération internationale : le cas d’un Plan de Contrôle Qualité dans un projet international d’infrastructure de transport." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0011.
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Les équipes internationales de projet sont aux prises avec des situations complexes tant au plan technique qu’au plan organisationnel. Les projets se démarquent de la production ordinaire par le caractère unique du résultat et d’inévitables imprévus qui exigent la résolution de problèmes émergents chemin faisant. La recherche de solutions débouche sur la mise en œuvre d’innovations. Le contexte international des projets ajoute à la diversité de métiers et de profils des membres une diversité culturelle qui implique que les acteurs ne partagent pas les mêmes références pour donner du sens aux situations qu’ils vivent. Pour certains chercheurs, la diversité culturelle dans une équipe favorise la créativité et l’innovation. Pour d’autres, la diversité soulève des difficultés pour diffuser et concrétiser des innovations, elle est instrumentalisée pour construire des frontières artificielles et stratégiques qui servent les intérêts des acteurs. Cette recherche doctorale ne vise pas à trancher entre les différentes thèses mais elle propose, sur la base d’un travail empirique dans un contexte international, des éléments d’explication sur les relations entre les différences des cultures d’une part et la capacité à produire et diffuser une innovation organisationnelle d’autre part. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une étude de cas unique, un Plan de Contrôle Qualité dans un projet international d’infrastructure de transport réalisé par un consortium constitué de firmes algérienne, française et italienne. Notre étude révèle que l’examen des constructions culturelles en lien avec les rapports de pouvoir, et de l’articulation des cultures nationales avec les cultures professionnelles, est essentiel pour comprendre les mécanismes expliquant les liens entre diversité culturelle et innovation organisationnelle. Ni les cultures en présence, ni les rapports de pouvoir en œuvre ne sont suffisants pour expliquer la dynamique d’un processus d’innovation organisationnelle ; c’est bien l’articulation de ces dimensions qui joue dans les interactions. Notre contribution managériale s’accentue sur la prise en compte des contextes socioculturels des projets internationaux, et le renforcement du cadre formel et légal dans ces rapprochements inter-organisationnelsInternational project development teams confront complex technical and organizational situations. The objective of the projects differs from the ordinary production by the uniqueness of the outcome and the inevitable unexpected events which require the resolution of emerging problems during the realization process. The search for solutions leads to innovations. The international context of projects adds cultural diversity to the diversity of the professions and profiles of the members, which means that the actors do not share the same references to give meaning to the situations they live in. For some researchers, cultural diversity within a team promotes creativity and innovation. For others, diversity raises difficulties that slow down the diffusion and realization of innovations. It is only the instrument to construct strategic artificial borders that protect the profits of the actors. This doctoral research is not intended to decide between the various theses but proposes, on the basis of an empirical work in an international context, elements of explanation to the relations between the differences of cultures on one hand, and the ability to generate and spread an organizational innovation on the other hand. This research is based on a single multicultural case study “the Quality Control Plan” in an international transport infrastructure project carried out by a consortium made up of Algerian, French and Italian firms. Our study reveals that examining cultural constructs in relation to power relations, and the articulation of national cultures with professional cultures, is crucial to understand the mechanisms explaining the links between cultural diversity and organizational innovation. Neither the cultures in presence, nor the power relationships are sufficient to explain the dynamics of an organizational innovation process; it is the articulation of these dimensions that plays into the interactions. Our managerial contribution is accentuated by taking into account the socio-cultural contexts of international projects, and reinforcing the formal and legal framework in these inter-organizational linkages
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蔡文杰. "A Study on the Sensitivity to Elementary Schools’ Management Chaos & the Restructuring of Organisational Power Relations." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58684410510496206234.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立台北師範學院
國民教育研究所
90
A Study on the Sensitivity to Elementary Schools’ Management Chaos & the Restructuring of Organisational Power Relations Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the cognitive chaos sensibility to elementary schools’ management and the restructuring of the organisational power relations. Propelled by four motives, this study encompasses the following five concrete points: 1.To examine the cognitive sensibility to the current management’s chaotic phenomena as well as the substance and status of restructuring of the power relations; 2.To understand the differences of the cognitive sensibility to school’s managerial chaos and the cognition to restructuring of the organizational power relations by teachers with different background variants. 3. To understand the relations between the cognitive sensibility to the current management chaos and restructuring of the power relations; 4.To predict on the cognitive sensibility to the current management chaos and restructuring of the power relations; 5.Based on the results of this study, propose suggestions for the reference of education administrative authorities, elementary school administrations and future studies. To attain the aforesaid objectives, this study examines the relevant literature “School Management Chaos Sensibility” and “Restructuring of School Organisational Power Relations”, and incorporates the theories thereof as the foundation of this study in structuring this study. Based on which, a questionnaire survey is devised, entitled “Elementary School Management Cognitive Chaos Sensibility & School Organisational Power Relations Restructuring”, for gathering related data. The study subjects are elementary school teachers in the four areas of Taipei County, Taipei City, Taoyuan County and Keelung City. The initial understanding is to find out the current status of the school management’s cognitive sensibility and the restructuring of power relations. Investigation is then made on the different teacher population variants and school background variants’ influence on the cognitive sensibility and power relations restructuring. Further analysis is made on the variances ensued from the teachers’ varied degrees of awareness of school management sensibility and power relations restructuring, followed by analysis on the management cognitive sensibility and power relations restructuring. Finally, projections are made on the management cognitive sensibility and power relations restructuring. The study tool, the questionnaire “Elementary School Management Cognitive Sensibility & School Organisational Power Relations Restructuring”, covers the three parts of basic information, separate questionnaires on the management cognitive sensibility and the power relations restructuring. In preliminary survey, 156 respondents are found to be credible and effective. Factor analysis, cumulative differences and credibility analysis are adopted in evaluating the credibility and effectiveness of the preliminary questionnaires, which yield 630 effective specimens. Descriptive statistics, t-test, variant analysis, cumulative differences analysis, multifaceted incremental retrograde analysis are then employed in deriving the following conclusions: 1.The total points the teachers’ cognition scaled on the questionnaire “School Management Cognitive Sensibility” rated high middle level. Among the sectional scores, “complexity sensibility” is the highest, followed by “reciprocal mechanism sensibility”, “return corresponding sensibility”, “novelty attraction sensibility” and “butterfly effect sensibility” in the order. The lowest is “non-linear sensibility”. 2.The total points the teachers scaled on the questionnaire “School Organisational Power Relations Restructuring” rated middle level. Among which, “operational structure” is the highest, followed by “operational main body”; the lowest is “interactive mode”. 3.Whereof the teacher population variants and school background variants, gender, age, highest education, current position, school scale and school history are rated significant to the differences on awareness of school management sensibility. Only service seniority does not reached the significant level. 4.Of the teacher population variants and school background variants, gender, age, highest education, service seniority, current position, school scale and school history all show significant difference on the power relations restructuring. 5.With the teachers’ awareness of the school management cognitive sensibility, the scores reveal significant differences on the three sets of low, middle and high in the overall restructuring of school organisational power relations and directions of restructuring of school organisational power relations. At the same time, be it in “overall restructuring of the power relations” or “directions of restructuring power relations”, the high score sets are apparently superior to the middle and low sets, while the middle set is superior to the low. 6.School management’s cognitive sensibility and the various aspects show affirmative relations to the management power relations restructuring and the various aspects, namely the higher leadership behaviours the teachers demonstrated in the “non-linear sensibility”, “butterfly effect sensibility”, “novelty attraction sensibility”, “return corresponding sensibility”, “complexity sensibility”, and “reciprocal mechanism sensibility”, the higher are the “operational main body”, “interactive mode”, and “operational structure” of the school power relations restructuring. 7.In examining the various factors of school management cognitive sensibility, the five factors of “novelty attraction sensibility”, “complexity sensibility”, “butterfly effect sensibility”, “non-linear sensibility”, and “reciprocal mechanism sensibility” have the optimal collective projective efficacy on the power relations restructuring, particularly of “novelty attraction sensibility”. Finally, the results above of this study are analysed, discussed in deriving conclusions and suggestions for the reference of education administrative authorities, elementary school administrations and future studies in the hope of elevating the local research standards.
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Blewett, Verna Lesley. "Workers changing work: the influence of worker power; a longitudinal case study analysis of workplace change at Moving Metals Limited." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37904.
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This thesis is about the role that shop floor workers play in organisational change. In particular, it investigates the manner in which a distinct group of worker-level leaders and change agents affected the generation and implementation of change and helped to shape the change process in an organisation undergoing planned change. The data for the thesis were obtained from a three-year, longitudinal case-study of organisational change in a medium-sized automotive components manufacturer, Moving Metals Limited (MML). Data were collected at MML during a move from traditional mass production to lean production and the research was conducted using processual action research, while the researcher adopted the dual roles of researcher and consultant to the company. The research identified a distinct group of workers, with no supervisory capacity, who were able to shape the change process in the organisation. These workers are referred to as workers of influence. This group of workers emerged as central characters in the process of organisational change and as leaders and change agents in the organisation. Drawn from the empirical data, criteria for identifying workers of influence are developed in this thesis, based on the authority vested in them by the workforce and their access to management decision-making. A taxonomy of workers of influence is developed in this thesis using these criteria, as well as the duration of tenure of influence. In much of the literature, shop floor workers are portrayed as either passive participants in, or active resistors of organisational change. This research provides evidence of some workers acting as leaders and change agents in an active and influential manner. The research examines issues of power, influence, autonomy and control and their impact on workers' capacity to participate in change. In so doing, this research identifies and opens up an important area of study with implications for organisational theory, literature and the implementation of planned interventions in organisations.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Social Inquiry, 2000.
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Ruediger, Ute. "NGO partnership and organisational sustainability: an exploratory case study in Uganda." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25409.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-198)The research explored the partnership of Namutamba Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) in Uganda with its main donor, the Neukirchener Mission (NM). The review of the literature focused on empowerment, NGO partnerships and organisational sustainability. The achievements and challenges of the partnership of the NRC with the NM regarding the organisational sustainability of the NRC were identified by evaluating documents of both partners, individual interviews and focus group discussions of stakeholders of NRC. In brief, the relationship of NRC with the NM was characterised as a dependent partnership due to the power imbalance between the partners and the resource dependency of NRC. It was recommended that the NRC and the NM focus on creating greater self-reliance of NRC while attempting to develop an authentic partnership. This might have wide reaching consequences not only for the sustainability of NRC but also for the services offered to persons with disabilities in Central Uganda.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Archary, Kogielam Keerthi. "Changing management : a case study of power relations, culture and communication in industry with reference to a company town set-up : the Canestone Sugar Mill, 1960 to 1998." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3993.
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Sugar production in Natal agricultural estates and industrial mills began in the 1800's. The Canestone Sugar Mill and Estates (now 145 years old) which is the focus of this study, is still in operation although renovations and improvements have been done over the years. Initially the owners of these sugar farms in the Natal area employed Black labourers but soon realized that this method of cheap and available labour was not entirely suitable for their needs. In the late 1850's they initiated a process of change which saw the first group of Indian nationals arrive in South Africa in 1860. This group of people came specifically to work on these sugar farms; and their descendants, some now in their 5th generation, are still employed by the
Canestone Sugar Company. With time, the standards of living have altered and the conditions of work have transformed. Thus, the level of communication has been modified and possibly improved. So the assumption can be made that there has been an element of change in
existence. The following is an account of how the lives of the Canestone Sugar workers have been modified over the years with specific changes that took place from the 1960s to 1998. This thesis considers the world of Canestone from the 1960's to 1998, an area where sugar manufacturing in the North coast of Natal was extremely successful. The main intention of the work is to explain how a majority workforce of illiterate people was monopolised by a handful of literate people who used literacy and the art of writing to subjugate thousands of people into accepting, non-questioning beings. Account is taken of orality and general primary oral practices that were entertained by management whenever necessary. This thesis breaks new ground as the first detailed account of the challenges of change in a new-found democracy, described in an agrarian and industrial context. It also attempts to identify the way in which managerial changes in corporate environments can take place. In this dissertation I have compiled the many stories of the workers of the Canestone Sugar
Company into one story. Against a backdrop of South African history of colonialism, apartheid and its new-found democracy, the Canestone Sugar Company reflects vestiges of the old era. In attitude, perception, and behaviour there are indications of this in the company; interviewees stated that "this is a white man's paradise "where "the black man had to pay for his head" and where many felt that the company "drank their blood, left them with their bones" and where they worked "worse than animals" until "their sweat turned into blood". I shall investigate the present status of the individuals of this multicultural working community. The individuals that I interviewed share a common work culture and they
experience a subservient position as a result of the power dynamics that are in place. Van den Berghe looked at Canestone with an unbiased opinion and results of his work are the starting point of my discussion. His proposals, made in the early sixties, have not reached fruition as a great sense of dissonance still exists between the workforce and the management. This dissertation looks at how the Company has changed, and what role communication has played in the process.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban,2002.
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Waititu, Paul. "Employees of Kenya power's perceptions of their adoption and implementation of online internal communication tools for relationship building." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18256.
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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe Kenya Power employees’ perceptions of their adoption and implementation of online internal communication tools as a means of creating and managing long lasting relationships among all employees in the organisation. The theoretical point of departure for this study was framed within online internal communication and relationship management while principles of e-government were also considered.
A single case study design was adopted for the study which combined both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques while data was triangulated using an online self-administered questionnaire, focus group moderator’s guide and an interview schedule.
The results guided by the theoretical criteria indicate that the implementation of online internal communication tools was done at Kenya Power without considering the internal stakeholders’ needs and preferences. The consequence is that employees have developed negative perceptions about internal online communication resulting in low adoption for relationship management activities. The findings of this study could be useful for other public sector organisations in that it will help them to positively change employees’ perceptions as well as enhance the implementation and adoption of internal online communication tools for the purposes of relationship building which could result in better internal communication and public sector services.Communication Science
M.A. (Communication)
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Van, Heerden Schalk. "Nutmeg¹ : power relations between a Mozambican grassroots organisation and its donors." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5223.
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M.A.A linear managerialist paradigm is considered normative in the planning, implementation and evaluation of development through sport initiatives. Such an approach is also assumed in an audit culture that has a clear bias for quantitative indicators that measure pre-set outputs and outcomes. The global popularity of using sport, especially football, as a development tool is being confronted with an uncompromising evidence burden, expecting rigid justification for money spent effectively. This approach is epitomised by techniques such as logical frameworks, which in turn make epistemological and ontological assumptions that are often in conflict with the local paradigms of recipients. What effect does this normative approach have on localised initiatives? A grassroots organisation (GRO) in central Mozambique instinctively employs a strategy of contestations and compromises to ensure that the people benefit from the ‘sport and dev’ industry, while maintaining their dignity. The history of Mozambique coupled with radically distinct contexts lead to donors and recipients collaborating without the ideals of equality, partnerships, transparency and participation being realised. Local beneficiaries start to play subversive games once they sense that they cannot change the donors’ offending impositions. A case study in central Mozambique, reinforcing the work of critical scholars, points to a recognition of unequal power relations as the first step out of the current impasse. An ethnographic approach reveals the complexity of inter-personal relationships, multiplicity of stakeholders and how a simple concept such as friendship can redefine power relations. The sustainability of the specific development through a football programme seems to hinge on the quality of friendship between all the actors that make up an unarticulated network, governed by unspoken rules.
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McIntosh, Bryan, and B. G. Voyer. "The perverse psychological contract." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6520.
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Agathagelou, Amanda May. "Individual psychodynamic development : the Imago relationship approach in organisational context." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13371.
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Imago relationship therapy was originally applied to couples counselling by Dr Hendrix (1992, 1993). This model was applied to a group of senior managers from the Lonmin Platinum Mine to create an understanding of intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics to reduce the conflict levels they experienced in the workplace. Imago theory is applicable to the workplace because of the influence of intrapersonal processes on interpersonal dynamics, which is the same influence that causes conflict in romantic relationships.
Love relationships consist of three stages, namely romantic love, the power struggle stage, and the real love stage. In the organisational context, these stages are the initial excitement phase, the power struggle stage, and the conscious relating stage. The study aimed to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on the effects of the Imago theory programme presented to the group of managers. The study thus aimed to determine whether the managers experienced a shift in their consciousness after the programme had been presented. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine whether such a shift in consciousness would have an effect on the individuals’ overall emotional wellbeing and if it would increase their overall life satisfaction. Furthermore, the study investigates if the programme had a positive effect on their interpersonal relationships (particularly with their subordinates).
Twenty-two senior managers and 22 subordinates participated in the study. Certain pre-tests were conducted, followed by the seven-module intervention. The same post-tests were conducted after the training had taken place. Quantitative and qualitative results were obtained. The quantitative results showed that the participants’ problem solving abilities improved and that they experienced marginally higher levels of life satisfaction. The reactivity levels experienced by the participants during conflict situations decreased, and their levels of marital satisfaction improved. The results also showed that the managers responded more positively to their subordinates after the intervention. Furthermore, the subordinates experienced their managers as being more flexible after the intervention. The qualitative results indicated that a shift in consciousness did take place as envisaged. The group understood both intrapersonal and interpersonal psychodynamics. They also willingly applied Imago concepts to improve their functioning in the organisational context.Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Gagné, Marie-Claire. "L’impact de l’action collective patronale sur les pratiques locales des organisations : le cas de l’industrie de l’hôtellerie au Québec." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8441.
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Cette recherche s’intéresse aux formes et à la capacité des associations patronales à façonner les règles du travail au niveau sectoriel, plus précisément dans le secteur de l’hôtellerie au Québec. Elle vise également à mieux comprendre comment ces règles contribuent à modifier les pratiques locales en relations industrielles de leurs entreprises membres. Notre première question de recherche vise donc à cerner l’impact des logiques de représentation et d’action des associations patronales sur les pratiques en relations industrielles. Pour certains auteurs, notamment Behrens et Traxler (2004 et 2007), Carley et al. (2010), Charest, Laroche et Hickey (à paraître), les logiques de représentation et d’action chez les acteurs patronaux se distinguent l’une de l’autre et influencent de manière différente les pratiques en relations industrielles. Ainsi, la présence, la forme et le rôle d’une association patronale auront un impact significatif sur les pratiques en relations industrielles, car les membres peuvent être influencés par les orientations de leurs associations.
Notre seconde question de recherche aborde la manière dont les entreprises membres utilisent leurs ressources de pouvoir afin d’influencer les actions des associations patronales. La littérature existante à ce sujet mentionne que les acteurs patronaux détenant plusieurs ressources de pouvoir, qu’elles soient internes ou externes (Charest, Laroche et Hickey, à paraître; Laroche et Hickey, à paraître), sont en mesure d’exercer une influence dans les institutions politiques. Nous tenterons donc de vérifier si, plus une association patronale sera en mesure de mobiliser ses ressources de pouvoir, plus elle sera apte à influencer le contexte institutionnel dans lequel elle agit.
Au plan théorique, cette recherche s’appuie sur les idées développées par les théories néo-institutionnalistes. D’une part, nous reconnaissons que les acteurs doivent réagir et s’adapter aux changements qui s’opèrent au sein de leur environnement. Ils développeront donc des stratégies diverses, autant en matière de coordination des actions patronales que de relations du travail au niveau local, en fonction de leur interprétation de ces transformations (Traxler et Huemer, 2007). D’autre part, nous reconnaissons que les acteurs sont aussi en mesure de mobiliser leurs ressources de pouvoir pour déployer des initiatives stratégiques qui seront susceptibles de provoquer en retour des changements au sein de leur environnement (Crouch, 2005). Ces entrepreneurs institutionnels sont ainsi à la recherche active d’opportunités et de leviers de pouvoir à utiliser pour maximiser leurs intérêts respectifs et, par le fait même, réduire les incertitudes issues de leur environnement (Campbell, 2004; Streeck et Thelen, 2005; Crouch, 2005). Notre recherche reconnaît également que les acteurs qui détiennent le plus grand pouvoir au sein d’un groupe, soient les porteurs de projets, vont être en mesure de façonner les institutions en fonction de leurs intérêts spécifiques (Thelen, 2003). C’est d’ailleurs sur ce plan que notre recherche veut se démarquer des travaux plus larges dans laquelle elle s’insère.
Au plan empirique, cette recherche étudie l’acteur patronal dans l’industrie de l’hôtellerie au Québec et vise trois objectifs : 1) faire la cartographie des associations patronales dans le secteur de l’hôtellerie au Québec (formes, structures, activités, missions, etc.); 2) analyser l’impact des règles issues du processus de régulation au niveau sectoriel sur les pratiques de relations du travail locales; et 3) identifier les employeurs dominants au sein du secteur et analyser de quelle manière ils parviennent à modifier les institutions et l’environnement dans lequel ils agissent.
Pour atteindre nos objectifs de recherche, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie qualitative de recherche, et plus particulièrement l’étude de cas. Cette dernière a été conduite en trois étapes : la préparation, la collecte des données et l’interprétation (Merriam, 1998). Les données de cette étude ont été recueillies à l’automne 2011, par le biais d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de gestionnaires d’hôtels et d’associations hôtelières dans les régions de Québec et de Montréal. Une analyse qualitative du contenu de ces entrevues a été effectuée en lien avec la revue de littérature et nos propositions de recherche. À cette fin, nous avons utilisé la technique de l’appariement logique de Yin (1994), ce qui nous a permis de comparer nos observations à nos propositions de recherche.
Il est à noter que puisque cette recherche est une étude de cas, cette dernière présente des limites méthodologiques surtout liées à la généralisation des résultats. Ainsi, il est très difficile d’affirmer que les résultats de cette microanalyse soient généralisables. En contrepartie, les analyses ont servi à consolider le modèle pour utilisation dans des études futures.This research project is interested by the forms and the capacity of employer organizations to elaborate work rules at a sector level, precisely, the Hotel sector in Quebec. It also aims to have a better understanding how these rules contribute to change the local industrial relation practices of their members. Our first research question is looking to target the impacts of the logic of representation and actions of the employer organization on the industrial relations practices. For some authors, especially Berhens and Traxler (2004 and 2007), Carley and al (2010) Charest, Laroche and Hickey (to be published), the logic of representation and action at the employer level are distinct from one to another and will influence in a different way the industrial relations practices. Thus, the presence, the form and the role of an employer organization will have a significant impact on the industrial relation practices. The members are able to be influenced by the orientation of their association. Our second research question will address the way the firms will use their power resources to influence the actions of employer organizations. The existing literature about this subject mentions that the management actors are holding multiple power resources being internal or external (Charest, Laroche and Hickey, to be published) are able to exercise an influence in the political institutions. We will attempt to verify if the more an association is able to mobilize its power resources, the more it will be able to influence the institutional context in which it’s acting On the theoretical plan this research is based on ideas developed by neo-institutionalism theories. First, we acknowledge that the actors must react and adapt to changes that occur in their environment. They will develop different strategies in management actions coordination as well as work relation at a local level, based on their interpretation of these transformations (Traxler and Huemer 2007). Also we admit that the actors are able to mobilize their power resources to deploy strategic initiatives that can provoque changes inside their environment (Crouch, 2005) These institutional entrepreneurs are actively researching opportunities and power leverage to use to maximize their respective interest and also reduce the uncertainty issued from the environment (Campbell, 2004: Streeck and Thelen, 2005; Crouch, 2005). Our research also concedes that the actors holding the greater power inside a group, the project holders, will be able to modify the institutions in functions of their specific interests. It is specifically on this plan that our research wants to distinguish itself from the wider research it gets into. On the empirical plan, this research will study the management actor in the hotel industry in the province of Quebec and targets three objectives: 1) produce the cartography of employer organizations in the hotel sector of the province of Quebec (form, structure, activities, missions etc.); 2) analyze the impact of the rules issued from the regulation process at the sector level on the local industrial relations practices; and 3) identify the dominant employers inside a sector and analyze the way that they arrive to modify the institution and the environment in which they act. In order to meet our research objectives, we used a qualitative research methodology; the case study was specifically used. This method was processed in three steps; the preparation, the data collection and the interpretation (Merriam, 1998). Data for this research was collected in fall of 2011 from interviews with hotel managers and hotel association managers in the region of Montreal and Quebec City. A quantitative analysis of the interview content was made and linked to the literature review and our research propositions. To this end, we used the patterns matching Yin (1994). This allowed us to compare our observations with our research propositions. It should be noted that since this research is a case study, some methodological limits specifically in the generalization of the results. It is hard to state that the results of this micro-analysis are extendable. On the other hand, the analysis helped to consolidate the model for future studies.
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Tijani, Hakeem Ibikunle. "Britain and the development of leftist ideology and organisations in West Africa: the Nigerian experience, 1945-1965." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2025.
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Although organised Marxist organisations did not emerge in Nigeria until the mid-1940s, leftist ideology had been prevalent among nationalist and labour leaders since the late 1920s. Both official documents and oral histories indicate deep-rooted support for leftism in Nigeria and anxiety among British colonial officials that this support threatened the Colonial Office's own timetable for gradual decolonisation. This study analyses the development of leftist ideology and attempts to establish a nationwide leftist organisation in colonial and post-independent Nigeria.
The role of the Zikist movement is retold in light of new evidence, while other leftist organisations are salvaged from the footnotes of Nigeria nationalist history. More importantly, the adaptability of Marxist-Leninist ideology to colonial reality by the different leftist groups in Nigeria is emphasized. The reaction of Anglo-American officials in Lagos and the metropolis towards the Communist Party of Great Britain and other leftist organisations' sponsorship of Marxist groups in Nigeria are discussed. Lastly, the continuity between the departing colonial power and the Balewa administration is addressed to juxtapose the linkage between the two governments. The study thus provides a lucid explanation for the failure of leftist ideology and organisations in Nigeria during the twentieth century.
In this eight-chapter thesis I consistently argue, based on official documents from England, Nigeria, and the United States, that the role of Marxists and Soviet Cold War interests in colonial territories are relevant to nationalism and decolonisation in Nigeria; that the issue is not to determine or measure whether or not Anglo-American policies are direct response to Soviet interests; that there are political, economic, and diplomatic policies carried out as part of the transfer of power process; and that the success of these is partly a result of collaboration with local subaltern leaders and official resolve to institutionalise imperial preferences before independence on October 1, 1960.History
D.Litt. et Phil. (History)
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Smith, Steven Carl. "An exploration of online organisation-public relationships: the role of critical PR in the Middle East." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26524.
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Abstracts in English, Afrikaans, Zulu and ArabicThe Middle East has a rising demand for public relations (PR) professionals because many of the oil-producing countries in the region are implementing radical transformational strategies to develop their non-oil sectors to safeguard future generations. PR professionals in the region are challenged by volatile environments in which there are on-going conflicts and wars. However, PR in the Middle East is key to engagement in its complex social, economic and political climate. Information and communication technology has captured the attention of organisations in the Middle East, by contributing to the evolution of PR practices from monologue to dialogue and from control to engagement. Against this background, the study explored critical PR and PR activism in the Middle East. Critical PR radically changes the traditional approach of PR, from asking how it can assist organisations to be more efficient, to asking what its role is in society? It advocates that the PR professional act as the facilitator of debate, dialogue and even dissent, and to encourage public input, thereby influencing public policies to develop long-term, transformational programmes that benefit society. This study explored the theoretical characteristics of critical PR elements and the principles of online organisation–public relationships. These characteristics and principles were further explored and measured by a quantitative self-administered web-based survey and one-on-one interviews with PR professionals in the Middle East Public Relations Association and from leading listed Middle Eastern organisations.
Die Midde-Ooste het 'n toenemende behoefte aan professionele persone in die gebied van openbare betrekkinge en PR. Baie van die olieproduserende lande in die streek implementeer radikale transformasiestrategieë om hul nie-oliesektore te ontwikkel en om so toekomstige geslagte te beveilig. Professionele PR-personeel in die streek het groot uitdagings in die vorm van vlugtige veranderinge in die verskillende gebiede waarin konflikte en oorloë alomteenwoordig is. Openbare betrekkinge in die Midde-Ooste is egter die sleutel om die verskillende partye te kan bereik en betrek, weens die komplekse sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke klimaat. Inligting- en kommunikasietegnologie het die aandag van organisasies in die Midde-Ooste gevang weens hulle bydrae tot die evolusie van PR-praktyke, van monoloog tot dialoog, en van beheer tot betrokkenheid. Dit is teen hierdie agtergrond dat die studie kritiese openbare betrekkinge en openbare betrekkings aktivisme in die Midde-Ooste ondersoek. Kritieke openbare betrekkinge verander die tradisionele benadering van openbare betrekkinge radikaal. Dit stel vrae: hoe kan dit organisasies help om meer doeltreffend te wees, en watter rol kan dit in die samelewing speel? Dit bepleit dat die professionele PR-praktisyn as fasiliteerder vir debat, dialoog en selfs verdeeldheid kan optree, sowel as openbare bydrag aan te moedig. Sodoende kan hy of sy openbare beleid beïnvloed om langtermyn transformasieprogramme, wat die samelewing bevoordeel, te ontwikkel. Hierdie studie het die teoretiese eienskappe van kritiese openbarebetrekkingselemente en die beginsels van aanlyn-organisasies se openbare betrekkingspraktyk ondersoek. Hierdie eienskappe en beginsels is verder ondersoek en gemeet aan die hand van 'n kwantitatiewe, self-geadministreerde web-gebaseerde opname en deur persoonlike onderhoude met professionele PR-persone in die Middle East Public Relations Association en toonaangewende en genoteerde Midde-Oosterse organisasies.
IMpumalanga Ephakathi inesidingo esikhulayo sochwepheshe bezobudlelwano bomphakathi ngoba amazwe amaningi akhiqiza uwoyela esifundeni asebenzisa amasu amakhulu ezinguquko ukuze athuthukise imikhakha yawo engenawo uwoyela ukuvikela izizukulwane ezizayo. Ochwepheshe bezobudlelwano bomphakathi esifundeni babhekene nenselele yezimo eziguquguqukayo lapho kukhona izingxabano nezimpi eziqhubekayo. Nokho, ubudlelwano bomphakathi eMpumalanga Ephakathi buyinto esemqoka ekubhekanani nesimo sawo senhlalo esiyinkimbinkimbi, nasesimweni sezomnotho nesezombusazwe. Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nobezokuxhumana buye badonsa ukunaka kwezinhlangano eziseMpumalanga Ephakathi, ngokufaka isandla ekuguqukeni kwemikhuba ye-PR isuke ekubeni imiyalelo iye ekubeni ingxoxo nasekulawuleni iye ekubambisaneni. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, ucwaningo luhlole ubudlelwane obubucayi bomphakathi kanye nentshisekelo yobudlelwano bomphakathi eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ubudlelwano bomphakathi obucayi buguqula kakhulu indlela yokwenza yendabuko yobudlelwano bomphakathi, kusukela ekubuzeni ukuthi bungazisiza kanjani izinhlangano ukuba zisebenze kahle, kuya ekubuzeni ukuthi iyiphi indima yabo emphakathini. Igcizelela ukuthi ochwepheshe bezobudlelwano bomphakathi basebenze njengomxazululi wempikiswano, izingxoxo ngisho nokungavumelani, futhi bakhuthaze nomphakathi ukuba ubambe iqhaza, ngaleyo ndlela bathonye izinqubomgomo zomphakathi zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zesikhathi eside, zezinguquko ezizuzisa umphakathi. Lolu cwaningo luhlole izici zemibono yezinto ezibucayi zobudlelwano bomphakathi kanye nemigomo yenhlangano eku-inthanethi-ubudlelwano bomphakathi. Lezi zimpawu kanye nemigomo yahlolisiswa kakhudlwana futhi yalinganiswa ngenhlolovo esuselwa kuwebhu esebenza ngobuningi kanye nokuxoxisana nomuntu ngamunye nochwepheshe bezobudlelwano nomphakathi Enhlanganweni Yobudlelwano Bomphakathi YaseMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nasezinhlanganweni ezihamba phambili ezisohlwini lwaseMpumalanga Emaphakathi.
Communication Science
M. Communication Sc. (Organisational Communication)
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Ruelland, Isabelle. "Cercles citoyens et espace public : la démocratisation organisationnelle à l’épreuve des rodas brésiliennes." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19208.
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Au Brésil, les mouvements antiautoritaires engagés notamment dans de la réforme psychiatrique participent de la création de dispositifs de participation sociale parmi les plus innovants qu’on puisse trouver sur le plan de la démocratisation. La présente recherche avait d’abord pour objectif de comprendre comment de ces dispositifs agissent sur les rapports sociaux de pouvoir traversant le réseau de santé mentale de la ville de Campinas dans l’État de São Paulo. Nous problématisons les forces sociales et économiques qui participent de la construction de ce réseau et de son « système d’analyse et de cogestion » ; une organisation participative impliquant côte à côte des destinataires, des travailleurs, des gestionnaires et parfois des élus locaux. En survolant les différents courants de la sociologie des organisations, nous découvrons le rôle central de la prise en compte du destinataire de services pour l’étude de la dimension sociopolitique de l’organisation. Il ne s’agit pas d’étudier les rapports sociaux de pouvoir sous l’angle des dispositifs participatifs, mais bien à partir des expériences vécues et de la production collective de subjectivation politique.
À partir de données recueillies lors d’une ethnographie de huit mois auprès du réseau de santé mentale de Campinas, nous observons en quoi la transformation des rapports sociaux de pouvoir vécue subjectivement par les acteurs renvoie à des configurations collectives spécifiques communément nommées rodas (cercle en portugais). Cette notion fait référence aux situations au cours desquelles un petit groupe d’acteurs se réunit pour réfléchir, débattre et décider d’actions à mener en rapport à la santé mentale dans la ville. Ces configurations collectives permettent aux citoyens de donner sens et forme à un projet local de démocratisation. L’étude se consacre alors à comprendre comment les rodas agissent sur les rapports sociaux de pouvoir induits par l’organisation participative locale. En 2012, le réseau de santé mentale de Campinas traverse une des plus importantes crises de son histoire. Des coupures et la privatisation de services ont mené à une vaste mobilisation citoyenne. Dans ce contexte, nous identifions les points de tensions et d’agencements entre les rodas et les dispositifs participatifs du réseau en portant attention aux expériences quotidiennes.
L’analyse des rodas ouvre de nouvelles pistes de compréhension des dynamiques de pouvoir collectif en contexte organisationnel. Par le partage de temps dans une pluralité d’espaces ouverts, par le partage d’affects ainsi que par la problématisation collective d’évènements critiques affectant le quotidien, les rodas agissent sur la hiérarchisation de manière à la réduire. Cet effort collectif de démocratisation sans cesse renouvelé ne permet toutefois pas de venir à bout des inégalités de pouvoir induites par l’organisation des services et par la société brésilienne. Comme pratique citoyenne, les rodas constituent néanmoins des leviers collectifs pour dénoncer des contradictions et des injustices sociales au sein et en dehors de l’organisation participative. Elles relèvent la possibilité d’une critique collective continue ouverte à la créativité sociale. Cette recherche ouvre un nouveau champ d’études sur les innovations citoyennes en contexte d’organisation participative; un champ d’autant plus prometteur qu’il s’inscrit dans un renouvellement critique de la sociologie des organisations.In Brazil, anti-authoritarian movements, particularly those engaged in psychiatric reform, are creating some of the newest innovative democratic forms of social participation. The aim of this research is first to understand how these new participatory schema act on the social relations of power across the mental health network in the city of Campinas in the State of São Paulo. I first problematize the social and economic forces involved in the construction of this network and its "system of analysis and co-management". This participatory model of organization requires users, workers, managers and sometimes local elected officials work side by side. Across the different streams of organizational sociology, the user is seen to play a central role in defining the socio-political dimension of the organization. However this is not achieved through participatory schema rather the user arises from the production of political subjectivation and the actual experiments themselves. Using ethnographic data collected during an eight-month period from across the Campinas mental health network, I observe how the transformation of the subjective social relations of power experienced by the actors refers to specific collective configurations commonly known as "rodas" (Circle in Portuguese). The term “rodas” refers to small groups of actors who meet to reflect, debate and decide on actions to be taken in relation to mental health practices in the city. These collective configurations allow citizens to give meaning and form to a local democratization project. The study then focuses on how the rodas influence the social relations of power induced by the local organization. In 2012, the Campinas mental health network went through one of the biggest crises in its history. Cuts and the privatization of services led to widespread citizen mobilization. In this context, I identify tensions and strategies within the rodas and their means for participation across the network paying attention to their everyday experiences. The analysis of rodas opens up new avenues of understanding the levers of collective power in an organizational context. Through the sharing of time in a plurality of open spaces, through sharing affect as well as through collective problem-solving of critical events impacting affecting daily life, the rodas act to reduce organisational e hierarchy. This collective effort of constantly renew democratization does not however make it possible to overcome the inequalities of power induced by the organization of services and by Brazilian society. As a form of citizen participatory practice, rodas nevertheless provide collective levers that denounce contradictions and social injustices within and outside the organization. Their practices highlight the possibility of a continuous collective criticism open to social creativity. This research opens a new field of study on citizen participation and innovation in the context of the organization; a field that is all the more promising because it is part of a critical renewal of the sociology of organizations.
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Robson, Ian Happer. "The assignment of responsibilities for the performance of public functions to levels or spheres of government in South Africa." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2356.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is focused on the question of how responsibilities for the performance of
public functions are assigned to levels or spheres of government. The term "public
function" refers to the activities performed by governments in order to satisfy identified community needs. There is a paucity of validated knowledge concerning the particular phenomenon, and the purpose of the study is to make a research
based contribution in this connection. Because of the exploratory nature of the study particular attention is paid to the orientation of the research in Public Administration terms, as well as to research design.
A study of the assignment of responsibilities in a selection of foreign countries was
undertaken, and the findings are recorded and evaluated. The conclusion reached
is that in none of the countries studied a clear, comprehensive demarcation of governmental responsibilities has been achieved. Regarding South Africa, the thesis encompasses a historical overview, followed by separate analytical examinations of the arrangements set in place by the 1993 ("interim") and the 1996 ("final") Constitutions. In the pre-democratic era (1910 to
1994), ideological considerations patently played a prominent role. The treatment of the assignment question by the 1993 Constitution is found to have had substantial shortcomings, especially with regard to conceptual and technical aspects, the realisation of assignment principles, and the substance of assigned responsibilities.
In the author's opinion a satisfactory deployment of responsibilities was not achieved.
The 1996 Constitution improved the assignment scheme, notably through the better realisation of assignment principles, the introduction of exclusive powers for the provinces, and in dealing with the municipal domain. However, the 1996 Constitution also did not achieve a credible and clear-cut assignment of
responsibilities.
In assessing the degree to which a scientific approach to the assignment question is in evidence, the finding is that such an approach has not been established.
A theoretical assignment model, following a Public Administration approach, is then
presented. The model covers language, classification, assignment principles, and
methodology. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the research, as well as on
the practicalities of achieving improvement in the assignment of responsibilities.Public Administration
D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)
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Ntsime, Patrick Thipe. "Towards sustainable development : a participatory model for the water services sector in South Africa." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/671.
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This study is non-empirical and its design is based on three forms of analysis:
conceptualisation, theoretical justification and strategic considerations for a participatory
model in the water services sector in South Africa. In terms of the conceptualisation, the
study addresses the old and new paradigms of sustainable development. First, it argues that
for many years the concept of sustainable development has long dominated the development
discourse. Second, the theoretical justification traces the evolution and meanings of
sustainable development and also patterns and trends of the legacies of colonialism and
apartheid. The descriptive analysis of apartheid and colonialism suggests a new development
path for inclusive people-centred development. The study therefore postulates that in the
South African context, sustainable development is both a political and a historical construct.
This is the basis within which sustainable development should be understood.
Third, the study concludes that context plays an important part in understanding and
challenging the immoral and unjust practices of colonialism and apartheid which have
militated against sustainable human development. The study further provides a description of
the local government and water sectors and their underpinned legislative and policy
framework, and notes impressive results in the delivery of basic water supply since 1994.
However, the study argues that in order for municipalities to fulfil their constitutional
responsibilities as water services authorities, they need to adopt a participatory model
towards sustainable development since this is currently lacking. In doing so, the water
services sector needs to overcome dangers of parochialism which were more evident from the
supply-driven policy of the government. The study therefore draws lessons from three Latin
American countries: Chile, Bolivia and Nicaragua, and proposes a new developmental path
which conforms to the principles of sustainability. This development path is represented in
the form of a dynamic, diagrammatic model for participatory sustainable development. This
model displays successive stages and cycles of transaction between stakeholders. The model
represents a decision support system which provides a conceptual framework for the
diagnosis, consolidation and analysis of information. The model is thus a useful tool which
can be applied in the public sector during project or programme implementation.Development Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)
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Hagen, Julia. "A Commitment is a Commitment is a Commitment?" Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C116-A.
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