Academic literature on the topic 'Organisational decline'
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Journal articles on the topic "Organisational decline"
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Jeyavelu, S. "Organisational Identity Dissonance in Organisational Decline and Turnaround." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 13, no. 2 (April 2009): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290901300204.
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Llanos-Contreras, Orlando Antonio, and Muayyad Jabri. "Exploring family business decline with socioemotional wealth perspective." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 32, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-02-2018-0042.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine how family and business priorities influence organisational decline and turnaround in a family business.Design/methodology/approachFollowing critical realism as philosophical orientation, this research is based on an exploratory single case study.FindingsThis research identified specific socioemotional wealth priorities driving this organisation decline and turnaround. The study also determined how the family and business dynamic leads to decisions that first trigger the organisational decline and then explain the successful implementation of turnaround strategies.Research limitation/implicationsFindings of this research provide limited and contingent theoretical generalisation. Accordingly, replication and further quantitative research is required for a better understanding of this phenomenon.Practical implicationsManagers can benefit from this paper by noting which behaviour could lead to organisational decline and which factors could lead to a turnaround. Similarly, managers can learn about the importance of the alignment of socioemotional wealth priorities as a critical response factor to determine whether to follow exit strategies or turnaround (succession) actions.Originality valueThe study contributes to the organisational decline literature and family business literature. It advances the understanding of how family businesses should balance family and business priorities to avoid organisational decline and identify strategies successfully implemented for turning around.
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Panicker, Sunitha, and Mathew J. Manimala. "Successful turnarounds: the role of appropriate entrepreneurial strategies." Journal of Strategy and Management 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-06-2014-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a research study aimed at comparing the causes of organisational decline and turnaround strategies involved in cases of successful and unsuccessful turnarounds, with a view to identifying the differences, if any, between the two groups, which in turn is expected to provide useful information to academics, practitioners and policy makers. Design/methodology/approach – Since turnaround is a business phenomenon of general interest, their stories are often published in business periodicals, which are a rich source of data on them. In order to tap this data source, the present paper employed a method of content analysis for the proposed investigation on the cause of organisational decline and turnaround strategies used. In order to quantify the data, a three-point scale was developed, where the presence of a cause/strategy is rated as “3”, its ambivalence as “2” and its absence as “1”, whose validity was assessed through the inter-rater agreement indices. The data thus generated are amenable to statistical analyses, using which the more commonly prevalent causes of organisational decline and the strategies commonly employed for turnaround by the successful and unsuccessful companies are identified. Findings – The findings of the present study have generated a few useful insights. First, the primary causes for organisational decline are the internal weaknesses of the organisation; in fact the external changes can adversely affect the organisation only if it is internally weak. Second, organisational decline caused by multiple factors (which is usually the case) can be managed effectively by adopting a variety of strategies; hence a single-pronged strategy is often found to be ineffective. Third, the more successful turnarounds had a diverse portfolio of strategies including those of institution-building, often employed in a phased manner, consistent with the stage theories of turnaround. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this research arise mainly from the generation of data from published sources and the consequent biases, which can be managed, to a large extent, by using multiple sources for the same case for reducing the publishers’ biases as well as by having multiple raters for identifying the researcher’s biases, if any. Originality/value – The study has highlighted the need for addressing the internal causes of organisational decline on a priority-basis rather than blaming the external factors, besides pointing to the need for adopting a variety of strategies for dealing with the diversity of causes affecting the organisation’s health, particularly the need for institutionalising the changes. These findings can be of help especially to turnaround managers and policy-makers in dealing with organisational decline and thus contribute to the creation and enhancement of economic value.
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Adler, Ralph W. "Exploring the Seeds of Organisational Decline." Australian Accounting Review 6, no. 12 (September 1996): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.1996.tb00014.x.
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Gooberman, Leon, Marco Hauptmeier, and Edmund Heery. "A typology of employers’ organisations in the United Kingdom." Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17704499.
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This article examines employers’ organisations in the United Kingdom, drawing upon 70 interviews and a new dataset encompassing 447 employers’ organisations. The article’s contribution is to develop a new typology of employers’ organisations capturing their organisational change in the wake of the decline of collective bargaining. It does this by drawing on a conceptualisation of employers’ organisations as intermediary organisations before identifying four organisational types: lobbying, service, negotiating and standard-setting employers’ organisations. The article also identifies and discusses factors that underlie this pattern of differentiation.
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Tobin, Margaret J. "Inquiries at Lakeside and Aradale Hospitals: Lessons and Advances?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27, no. 2 (June 1993): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679309075787.
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The release of reports of inquiries into two related psychiatric hospitals (Lakeside and Aradale) in Victoria occurred in 1991. These inquiries identified deficiencies in patient care standards and organisational dynamics. Knowledge of institutional dysfunction was available from similar Australian and overseas inquiries but nonetheless this knowledge had not prevented organisational inertia and decline in these two psychiatric hospitals. This paper examines the possible contribution of a failed medical hegemony model to organisational dysfunction and discusses organisational life-cycles. It reaches the conclusions that politically motivated inquiries do not achieve long term positive outcomes and that there is a need for academic research into the organisation of psychiatric services and staff productivity and morale.
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Mahmood, Talat. "Survival of Newly Founded Businesses: The Post-Entry Performance." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (December 1, 1998): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.577-594.
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A number of studies have been undertaken on industry dynamics or about the process by which new firms either survive and grow, or else exit from the industry. A new literature has emerged in the last few years, which focuses on the question, what happens to new firms subsequent to their entry?, both in terms of their likelihood of survival and their growth patterns. Most of the studies use a theory of organisational ecology by Hannan and Freeman (1989), which emphasises organisational characteristics and environmental conditions; particularly the number of employees and invested capital. In addition, the theory offers a comprehensive set of factors that influence the hazard rate of newly founded business organisations. In particular, this theory deals with the evolutionary process within or between populations of organisations observed over long periods of time [see also Singh and Lumsden (1990)]. Originally, Stinchcombe (1965) directed the attention of organisational theorists, based on a hypothesis of a "liability of newness", to the age-dependent decline in organisational death rates. A number of studies [Freeman, Carroll, and Hannan (1983)] found that the organisational death risk declines monotonically with age. Later, BrUderl and SchUssler (1990) also empirically tested the Stinchcombe's "liability of newness" hypothesis and showed that it is not a good representation of the mortality (hazard) of business organisations. Organisational ecologists often discuss the "liability of smallness" in connection with the liability of newness [Aldrich and Auster (1986); Briiderl and SchUssler (1990); Audretsch and Mahmood (1994)]. The assumption is that large new businesses have better survival prospects than small new businesses. Initial size may be measured in terms of either the amount of financial capital or the number employed at the time of founding.
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Levene, Louis S., Richard Baker, Nicola Walker, Christopher Williams, Andrew Wilson, and John Bankart. "Predicting declines in perceived relationship continuity using practice deprivation scores: a longitudinal study in primary care." British Journal of General Practice 68, no. 671 (May 8, 2018): e420-e426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x696209.
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BackgroundIncreased relationship continuity in primary care is associated with better health outcomes, greater patient satisfaction, and fewer hospital admissions. Greater socioeconomic deprivation is associated with lower levels of continuity, as well as poorer health outcomes.AimTo investigate whether deprivation scores predicted variations in the decline over time of patient-perceived relationship continuity of care, after adjustment for practice organisational and population factors.Design and settingAn observational study in 6243 primary care practices with more than one GP, in England, using a longitudinal multilevel linear model, 2012–2017 inclusive.MethodPatient-perceived relationship continuity was calculated using two questions from the GP Patient Survey. The effect of deprivation on the linear slope of continuity over time was modelled, adjusting for nine confounding variables (practice population and organisational factors). Clustering of measurements within general practices was adjusted for by using a random intercepts and random slopes model. Descriptive statistics and univariable analyses were also undertaken.ResultsRelationship continuity declined by 27.5% between 2012 and 2017, and at all deprivation levels. Deprivation scores from 2012 did not predict variations in the decline of relationship continuity at practice level, after accounting for the effects of organisational and population confounding variables, which themselves did not predict, or weakly predicted with very small effect sizes, the decline of continuity. Cross-sectionally, continuity and deprivation were negatively correlated within each year.ConclusionThe decline in relationship continuity of care has been marked and widespread. Measures to maximise continuity will need to be feasible for individual practices with diverse population and organisational characteristics.
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Stapley, Lionel. "Organisational creativity—birth of a journal." Twentieth Anniversary Special Issue 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/osd.v21n1.2021.1a.
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This article documents the way that, taking advantage of new technology, organisational creativity resulted in developing from a failing organisation, to develop into a truly international organisation. The article starts from the conflictual nature of industrial relations in the UK in the 1960s and continuing into the 1970s which resulted in the launch of OPUS (an Organisation for Promoting Understanding of Society) in 1975, its early development, and decline into a near non-active organisation until the appointment of a new Executive Director in 1994. The article then concentrates on the development of a new comprehensive medium- to long-term strategy that, in the following six years resulted in the development of a vibrant and successful organisation providing for the needs of those involved in any way with a systems psychodynamic way of working. It then moves to one of the major strategic aims, that of producing an international journal that would provide a vehicle for the systems psychodynamic field of working; through to the publication of the first issue of the international journal Organisational and Social Dynamics, in 2001.
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Brueller, Daphna, Nir N. Brueller, Raviv Brueller, and Abraham Carmeli. "Interorganisational Relationships in Times of Decline: Implications for Organisational Resilience." Applied Psychology 68, no. 4 (January 15, 2019): 719–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apps.12185.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Organisational decline"
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Matlosa, John. "Leadership skills, competence and organisational processes needed to lead a company from a decline to a sustainably successful turnaround." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96222.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.This research sought to provide insight into the key leadership skills, competencies and organisational processes required to lead a company from decline to a sustainable turnaround. The study focused on the four attributes of managing a turnaround: organisational values and culture, change leadership and organisational high performance. The research aimed to establish the role and impact of the above four factors, particularly in a corporate turnaround. It further assessed the role of leadership in ensuring the implementation of the four factors. The study revealed that turnaround leaders need to develop a new economy wave of values and a high performance culture as a foundation for creating ownership of the organisation’s objectives, as well as for the necessary alignment of the vision, mission and strategy. It was also noted that a corporate culture is an ever changing issue, hence leadership needs to continually ensure that the culture remains in support of the corporate objectives. The study also revealed the need for leadership to have the necessary emotional, cognitive and spiritual intelligence in order to be proactive in managing both the process and the effects of change. They need to have the transformational leadership abilities to drive the pursuit of organisational excellence as a means to achieving a sustainable turnaround. The research also noted the importance of communication as an integral part of each of the turnaround phases. Also of great importance were leadership attributes such as honesty, trustworthiness, sincerity and commitment, and the fact that leaders tend to believe that people will be driven by the rules and processes of business, forgetting that people gather the inspiration they need to be able to respond emotionally to a challenge, from their leaders’ demonstrated personal attributes.
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Elfgren, Kaj, and Million Meharena. "The History of the Decline and Fall of News of the World : How Legitimacy Upholds the License to Operate." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202590.
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This thesis provides a biographical case study of the crisis faced by News of the World, after revelations of unethical journalistic practices within the newspaper. A scandal that rapidly moved up the organizational hierarchy and spread globally, affecting stakeholders amongst all its networks from local British communities to its parent company News Corporation and its main owners, the Murdoch family. Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder management is presented as a key factor in order to uphold and obtain the society’s permission to operate. The study shows the importance of being a good corporate citizen, not solely as goodwill but in order to gain a parachute that can moderate the fall when facing a crisis.
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Maseng, Jonathan Oshupeng. "The state, civil society and underdevelopment: the case of Zimbabwe / Jonathan Oshupeng Maseng." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8507.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the state and civil society in Zimbabwe. The relationship between the state and civil society is discussed under the categories of the concepts democratisation, good governance and sustainable development. The nature of the relationship between the state and civil society in Africa is examined to set out parameters for state-civil society debate in Zimbabwe. The discussion of the relationship between the state and civil society in Zimbabwe is synthesised into three parts, the post-independence era, the post-1990s and the post-2000. From these discussions it is argued that the relationship between the state and civil society was peaceful in the first decade of independence and this was because the state maintained dominance and control over all sectors of civil society. However, the 1990s saw a collapse of peaceful relations between the state and civil society in Zimbabwe. The collapse of the peaceful relationship between the state and civil society came as a result of the country’s economic decline and the authoritarian practices in Zimbabwe, which saw the emergence of a confrontational civil society towards the state. In the early 2000s, it is observed that the state became repressive towards civil society through the introduction of repressive laws which include Access to Information and Privacy Act (AIIPA) and the Public Order and Security Act (POSA). For peaceful relations between the state and civil society to exist in a sustainable manner, the state must continuously promote and practice democracy and good governance. In addition, the state should play a pivotal role of enhancing sustainable development in a manner that meets the socio-economic realities of its population.Thesis (M.A. (Political Studies))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011
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Amjahad, Anissa. "La désaffiliation partisane: pourquoi les adhérents quittent leur parti? étude de cas: le Parti socialiste francophone en Belgique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209456.
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Cette recherche appréhende la désaffiliation partisane, définie comme le fait de tout membre qui n’assure plus le paiement de ses cotisations au parti, qu’il s’agisse d’un acte volontaire ou involontaire, d’une démarche active ou passive et indépendamment du type d’engagement qui le caractérisait. Cet objet d’étude est quasi inexploré par les politistes et fait des désaffiliés une figure totalement méconnue. Dans ce cadre, il était nécessaire de choisir un cas d’étude et des données appropriés. La recherche se concentre sur le Parti socialiste francophone en Belgique et utilise les données de deux enquêtes par questionnaire auprès des membres et des désaffiliés ainsi que des entretiens menés avec des désaffiliés. Se basant sur le niveau individuel et sur une conception multidimensionnelle du phénomène étudié et utilisant une méthodologie mixte, cette recherche répond à trois interrogations. Pour répondre à la question « qui sont les désaffiliés ?», un cadre théorique systématisé de la désaffiliation partisane a été construit. Suite aux analyses, il s’avère que les anciens membres se distinguent par certains traits des membres qui restent dans l’organisation. Il est donc possible de prédire la désaffiliation par des causes latentes. Ensuite, pour comprendre quelles sont les raisons de sortie de ces membres, cette recherche examine la diversité des parcours d’adhésion et identifie quatre types de désaffiliés :les fidèles, les désengagés, les sympathisants et les décalés. Enfin, il est également question de savoir comment se déroule la désaffiliation. Découlant directement du cadre hirschmanien et de l’approche sociologique du désengagement, l’étude met en exergue différents processus de désaffiliation selon les classes de désaffiliés. Cette partie met en exergue l’existence d’un processus de disqualification du parti opérant à la base des sections locales ou des sollicitations d’adhésion, les conditions de l’occurrence de la prise de parole, des temps de passivité ainsi que le rôle des évènements politiques et personnels. Avec ces trois questionnements, cette recherche analyse les différentes dimensions de la désaffiliation :la variance intergroupe (désaffiliés versus membres), la variance intragroupe (types de désaffiliés) et la dimension compréhensive (déroulement et perceptions). Cette recherche apporte une connaissance fine d’un phénomène inexploré. Elle permet, entre autres, de dégager des pistes de réflexion sur les approches théoriques de la participation, sur les processus de sélection à l’œuvre dans les partis politiques et sur la substance de l’adhésion partisane au 21ème siècle.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Geary, Robert Edward. "Community organisations, social media, and membership: exploring facebook’s potential." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/97725.
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The thesis analyses how Rotary International (RI), a non-profit organisation with a community service focus, uses Facebook to influence membership recruitment and retention; and along with user findings, presents an evidenced argument about the current lack of success. First-hand observations, as a visitor to community organisations in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia had suggested that many had an ageing and declining membership, and thus a sustainability problem. Anecdotal evidence suggested that generational differences were making traditional club structures and communication channels less attractive to younger members, and that social media might provide the interactive format and informal context needed to recruit and retain younger members. A subsequent extensive review of the scholarly literature revealed that few were reporting on Facebook uses in community organisations. The resulting project used staged progressive focusing with content analysis of RI district and club newsletters and Facebook pages providing sub-questions for investigation. The online survey, conducted over four months, used a restricted number of self-selected respondents from RI clubs with a Facebook page in one of the three South Australian districts. Survey responses were statistically analysed, providing details of fall-off, demographics, Facebook usage, including generational differences, social capital development, recruitment and retention. Thirteen informants then participated in semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, exploring key survey themes, as well as changing membership profiles, members’ needs, the development of social capital, and the potential of Facebook to change recruitment and retention rates. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analysed using NVivo. To allow further exploration of issues relating to Facebook page content and the lack of interactivity, each informant was asked to provide Facebook export data, including all posts made over the duration of the surveys and interviews. A typology was designed to describe these posts, and used as the basis for further NVivo analysis. The research found that the initial content analysis of each eligible club’s Facebook page (n=72 in 2013), completed prior to the online survey, showed that the number of contributors and the level of interactivity were low. However, the Most Popular Age (MPA) of those engaging with their club’s Facebook page, was almost 20 years younger (35–44 years), than the average club member (55–64 years), thus providing a potential source of younger members for recruitment. Most respondents noted that their club’s Facebook page had no role in their own recruitment, which predated its establishment. It was found that few clubs were using their Facebook pages in the interactive, community-building manner that might have been expected; and that the branding of organisational Facebook pages, with logos, was counter-productive, resulting in lower levels of engagement. However, those engaged with club Facebook pages were younger than the average RI member. This study argues this group provides the potential for rejuvenation by recruitment and retention. The argument concludes with practical recommendations for future uses of Facebook in community organisations.Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2015
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Grugulis, C. Irena, S. Vincent, and G. Hebson. "The future of professional work? The rise of the `network form¿ and the decline of discretion." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2210.
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This article explores the implications of `networked¿ and `flexible¿ organisations for the work and skills of professionals. Drawing on material from four different case studies it reviews work that is out-sourced (IT professionals and housing benefit caseworkers), work done by teachers contracted to a temporary employment agency and work done through an inter-firm network (chemical production workers). In each of these cases work that was out-sourced was managed very differently to that which was undertaken in-house, with managerial monitoring replacing and reducing employees¿ discretion. New staff in these networks had fewer skills when hired and were given access to a narrower range of skills than their predecessors. By contrast, the production staff employed on permanent contracts in the inter-firm network were given (and took) significant amounts of responsibility, with positive results for both their skills and the work processes. Despite these results, out-sourcing and sub-contracting are a far more common means of securing flexibility than organisational collaboration and the implications of this for skills is considered.
Books on the topic "Organisational decline"
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McGrath, Paul. Processes of organisational growth and Decline: A case study. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1989.
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O'Hora, Roisin. Why the Irish Press failed: A study of organisational decline. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.
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The decline of trade union organisation. London: Croom Helm, 1987.
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1942-, Kimberly John R., and Miles Robert H, eds. The Organizational life cycle: Issues in the creation, transformation, and decline of organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1987.
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De Sio, Lorenzo, ed. La politica cambia, i valori restano? Una ricerca quantitativa e qualitativa sulla cultura politica in Toscana. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-020-4.
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How do Tuscans see politics? What is their relationship with it? Is there something different from the «red subculture» of the First Republic? Articulated answers to these questions emerge from this research commissioned by the Tuscan Regional Authority and conducted by the Centro Italiano Studi Elettorali with a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. On the one hand, associative participation – expression of a deeply embedded tradition – is alive and kicking. On the other hand, we can see a decline in political participation, alongside elements of tension in the relation between citizens, parties and institutions. These are the inevitable signs of the great symbolic and organisational changes that have affected the mass parties; they must now address new challenges if they want to maintain the vital dialogue that the Tuscans demand from their political class.
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Turner, Colin. The perception of threat and the reality of decline in organisations. Bristol: The Staff Collage, 1991.
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Barbara, Czarniawska-Joerges. Economic decline and organizational control. New York: Praeger, 1989.
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Guy, Mary E. From organizational decline to organizational renewal: The phoenix syndrome. New York: Quorum Books, 1989.
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Religion in the age of decline: Organisation and experience in industrial Yorkshire, 1870-1920. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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O, Hirschman Albert. Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Organisational decline"
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Torstendahl, Rolf. "Organisational Ramification." In Engineers in Western Europe: Ascent—and Decline?, 255–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57438-3_15.
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Smith, W. Rand. "Inside the Local Union: Explaining Organisational Growth and Decline." In Crisis in the French Labour Movement, 83–128. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08556-9_4.
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Affolter, Laura. "Asylum Decision-Making in Switzerland." In Asylum Matters, 47–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61512-3_3.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an outline of how the Swiss asylum procedure works. It contextualises the current asylum procedure within the history of asylum politics in Switzerland since the 1950s and within broader global developments. Three major trends are discussed: the sharp decline of the recognition rate since the 1980s and with it the emergence of the so-called “fight against abuse”, the proliferation of legal categories and the frequent changes made to asylum law in this same time period, and the development of an ever more specialised asylum administration in Switzerland. The chapter introduces readers to the Swiss Secretariat for Migration (SEM) and its organisational structure as it existed until 2019, the main elements of asylum law that structure SEM officials’ decision-making and to the particular standard of proof in refugee status determination.
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Palmer, Amanda Martin. "Something to declare: women in HM Customs and Excise." In Women in Organisations, 125–51. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24691-5_5.
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Hálfdanarson, Guðmundur, and Maximilian Conrad. "Concluding Reflections on Europe in the Age of Post-truth Politics." In Europe in the Age of Post-Truth Politics, 247–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the book’s concluding reflections and argues that the contributors to this volume are in general agreement on the detrimental effects of that post-truth politics can have on European democracies, but that this does not necessarily mean that democracy is doomed. The challenges posed by the post-truth era have also triggered resistance among various governmental agencies and international organisations. Recent experience from COVID-19 shows that on the one hand a small group of populist activists have been fairly successful in stoking some people’s fears of vaccines and their opposition to various mitigation measures, casting doubt on the scientific information provided by health experts. On the other hand, some commentators have predicted that the pandemic spells the end of the post-truth era. As the conditions for post-truth politics remain, it would be premature to declare the demise of post-truth politics any time soon. At the same time, as support for populist political parties has stagnated or even declined in recent European elections, there is hope that the tide has been stemmed at least for the time being.
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Codogno, Lorenzo, and Giampaolo Galli. "Italy’s decline: stylised facts." In Meritocracy, Growth, and Lessons from Italy's Economic Decline, 34–66. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866806.003.0003.
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Abstract It may seem an exaggeration, but Italy has been in a semi-permanent state of crisis for half a century. It recorded periods of high growth in the 1970s and 1980s. But documents of the time clearly show a widespread perception, both in the country and abroad, that Italy was an anomaly among advanced nations. The problem shows up quite clearly in total factor productivity, which expresses the portion of growth in output that is not explained by inputs of labour and capital used in production. It hence reflects technological progress and innovation and is also related to the organisational efficiency of companies and public institutions. In Italy, total factor productivity increased substantially in the three decades after the war but stagnated and even fell somewhat from the 1970s. However, in other major countries, it continued to rise, at least until recently. The implication is that there was a lack of innovation even in the 1970s and 1980s. And growth was obtained somewhat artificially through policy measures that pushed aggregate demand above the economy’s growth potential. This meant essentially high deficits, continuous currency devaluation in the 1970s, and burgeoning public debt in the 1980s.
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Cavenago, Dario, and Laura Mariani. "Re-Inventing the Social Business Model." In Social Entrepreneurship, 931–50. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8182-6.ch047.
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The recent global economic crises and the decline of the traditional welfare state are challenging the development of third sector organisations involved in the provision of public services. With the support of the Italian case and the experiences of different Italian third sector organisations, this contribution highlights how organisational survival and growth require reinvention of the business model, commencing with the concept of social, economic and environmental sustainability. The scope of third sector organisations depends on the type of government, the stage of economic development, the model of civil society, the existence of philanthropic traditions and the law and regulation. All these variables affect the business model of third sector organisations. This chapter contributes to the third sector knowledge in Italy and concludes with a discussion on solutions that are able to incentivize the use of entrepreneurial principles, stimulate networking, cooperation and growth while maintaining the relationship with the territories.
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Cavenago, Dario, and Laura Mariani. "Re-Inventing the Social Business Model." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector, 295–314. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2537-0.ch015.
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The recent global economic crises and the decline of the traditional welfare state are challenging the development of third sector organisations involved in the provision of public services. With the support of the Italian case and the experiences of different Italian third sector organisations, this contribution highlights how organisational survival and growth require reinvention of the business model, commencing with the concept of social, economic and environmental sustainability. The scope of third sector organisations depends on the type of government, the stage of economic development, the model of civil society, the existence of philanthropic traditions and the law and regulation. All these variables affect the business model of third sector organisations. This chapter contributes to the third sector knowledge in Italy and concludes with a discussion on solutions that are able to incentivize the use of entrepreneurial principles, stimulate networking, cooperation and growth while maintaining the relationship with the territories.
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"The forward march of the Christian churches halted? Organisational stasis and the crisis of the associational ideal in early twentieth-century religious institutions." In Religion in the Age of Decline, 351–79. Cambridge University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511522994.010.
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Jackson, Gordon. "The Traditional Whaling Trades, 1604-1914." In The British Whaling Trade, xvii. Liverpool University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007398.003.0101.
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This section of the journal provides a detailed history of the traditional whaling industry. Over the course of three centuries the techniques and technologies associated with whaling changed very little, the only variety came from the levels of intensity of whaling. The primary purpose of whaling was to obtain whale oil and whale bone, for domestic purposes. This section is further subdivided into the northern and southern whale fisheries, which operated in different oceans, with different whales, and under different organisational systems. The topics covered in this section include: the Spitsbergen trade; the ramifications of failure; the rise of the Greenland trade; the boom in the northern fishery; the expansion south of the Arctic Sea; the decline of the north in the early nineteenth-century; the expansion and failure of the southern fishery; and the end of the northern fishery in the late nineteenth century.
Conference papers on the topic "Organisational decline"
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Moagi, Tebogo Mokwene, and Tebogo Ethel Seretse. "Developing the 21st Century Leadership Development Programme - The Case of Botswana Open University (BOU)." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.2391.
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Leadership development is a phenomenon that is highly desired by organisations. A sound leadership development programme not only does it increase productivity, but it also orchestrates the achievement of the strategy and vision of the organisations. The leadership development vacuum, however, poses a threat to the growth and success of the organisations since leaders are unable to keep up with the volatile and disruptive changes of the fourth industrial revolution. It is against this background that Botswana Open University (BOU), found it necessary to initiate a needs assessment on leadership development to identify the skills and competence gaps. The research adopts the pragmatic paradigm. This paradigm is commonly associated with the mixed method approach to data collection and analysis. Out of (n) 48 employees in the two divisions under study, (n)28 responded to the survey and (n) 4 declined to participate. Twenty-two (n)22, participated in the focus groups interviews. A survey was conducted online using Google forms and scheduled focus group interviews were conducted through Google meet. The findings revealed that for the University to stay relevant in this era and increase their return on investment it is vital to develop the mindsets of 21st century leadership. Employees are empowered to take up their respective roles to promote the growth of the University and there is a zeal to build high performance teams and nurture talent.
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Tamošaitienė, Jolanta, and Tomas Starta. "Integration of LEAN Last Planner System in construction processes." In Sustainable Decisions in Built Environment. VGTU Technika, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/colloquium.2019.007.
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Globally, the efficiency of the construction sector has declined around the world over the past 30 years. The main principles aimed at the improvement of the situation are based on lean construction. The concept of lean construction can be effectively used in the strategic process to improve waste reduction as well as cost and time efficiency, which results in positive outcomes such as environmental protection, economy and time-saving. Lean construction practices help to achieve significant benefits. However, many organisations still find it difficult to successfully and correctly integrate lean concepts. The research literature indicates that the construction industry has encountered poor implementation and integration of these concepts. Lean construction has eight main techniques for increasing productivity in implementing customer requirements in the construction industry. Having in mind that lean is the key requirement for gaining construction productivity, this paper provides the basic fundamental knowledge of lean construction. Also, it shows how to get the most effective results by applying the Last Planner System technique. The described case study demonstrates the integration of the Last Planner System technique into the project.
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Bibby, David. "Serious Injuries and Fatalities: A Study of Data and Prevention Strategies." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206356-ms.
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Abstract Serious injuries and fatalities (SIFs) occurring in the workplace have become a significant focus in the field of safety. Over the past 20 years there has been a steady decline in the prevalence of all injuries, however the rates of SIFs have plateaued in recent years, contrary to Heinrich's Triangle. In one of the largest studies of its kind, we set out to identify trends and common factors of SIF incidents to identify strategies to reduce the risk of SIF incidents occurring. We have studied OSHA log records and OSHA recorded fatalities of over 50,000 companies over multiple years broken down by numerous different indicies including industry, age, day of the week, body part affected, type of incident and severity of incident to give a picture of SIF prevalence and trends. This data has also been cross referenced against qualititive information of these companies to identify trends, commonalities and disparities in order to identify causes and opportunities for improvement. The data reported on has shown different risk groups for SIF incidents occurring, that 60% of companies are at low risk of SIF incidents occurring and identifying the highest risk injuries for SIF events occurring (drilling and construction work). In addition, seemingly random factors such as day of the week and month of they year are found to statistically vary, presenting opportunities for targetted outreach based on this data in order to reduce risk. Furthermore, the study reveals companies who work with chemicals, performing welding work and work at heights should be the top targets for SIF prevention intervention, whilst the impact of heavily regulated industries (e.g., PSM facilities) and ensuring organisations have good safety procedures are linked to lower risks of SIF events occuring. This information is of valuable use for all organisations who are interested in truly understanding the root causes of incidents and learning techniques to achieve a Vision Zero of a reduction of incidents, particularly serious injuries and fatalities, to the lowest possible level. A no-blame culture to the accurate reporting of incidents is also vital to a deeper understanding of causation and prevention.
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ATKOČIŪNIENĖ, Vilma, and Ilona KIAUŠIENĖ. "LITHUANIAN REGIONS BY THE TYPE OF RURAL SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.118.
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Rural areas face constant increase of partially used rural social infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as RSI) facilities, coordination of which shows insufficient level of description and professionalism, functions performed by RSI organisations are not aligned. As a result of a bad situation of rural social infrastructure, small rural areas face with decline. The research aim – having theoretically analysed the factors that determine social infrastructure development, to make the analysis of RSI situation and the analysis of the factors that influence development in Lithuanian rural regions. The following objectives have been solved: analysed theoretically the factors determining the development of the rural social infrastructure; analysed the condition of RSI and the factors influencing upon its development in Lithuanian rural regions. The research methods are the survey and the analysis of the scientific literature, scientific literature systemization, matching and comparison, multiple-criteria statistical data analyses and syntheses, expert evaluation. Integrated RSI condition indicators were calculated for each municipality and compared with indicators established for other municipalities in order to determine the RSI development level of each region. Analysis’ results showed that the sector of communications and telecommunications is valued best, while the sector of protection of persons and property is assessed worst. Bad RSI situation is observed in 35.29 percent Lithuanian municipalities. There is no rural territory, showing perfect level of RSI development. This permits to draw a conclusion about the differences of the situation of the whole infrastructure system and social-economic problems. Problems of territorial and social cohesion are formed due to the uneven RSI development in individual regions/municipalities. Regions/municipalities with poor RSI lags behind the needs of local population are less attractive for investments, settling down, living, resting, such areas show higher unemployment rate, lower disposable incomes of households, residents are forced into a corner, limited sustainable development, and weak local economy.
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Węcławowicz-Gyurkovich, Ewa. "Image of a Hanseatic city in the latest Polish architectural solutions." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8086.
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The problem of the reconstruction of centres of Polish towns and cities after the destructions of the World War II evoke discussions even today. Over the first years after the war, in numerous cases the centres of historical cities and towns were lost; in the place of former market squares and networks of streets with tenements crowned with endwall trims, randomly dispersed concrete blocks of flats were erected, in order to satisfy urgent housing demands. The situation changed after 1980, when in Elbląg, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Kołobrzeg, a rule was adopted according to which the peripheral development of city quarters was to be recreated, restoring tenements located in historical plots of land, but contemporary in style, maintaining the silhouettes and sizes from years before. It is also possible to observe other activities in the solutions of the latest public utility buildings, which - often by using a sophisticated intellectual play - restore the climate and character of cities remembered and known from the past centuries. In the west and north of Europe there are many towns and cities, predominantly ports, which used to be members of Hansa. The organisation of Hansa, the origins of which reach back to the Middle Ages, associated a number of cities which could decide about the provision of goods to cities within a specific territory, and secure markets for products manufactured in them. Thanks to that, cities that belonged to Hansa were developing more rapidly and effectively, and the beginnings of their development within the territory of Germany and in the Baltic states date back to the 13th and 14th centuries. The peak period of the development of Hanseatic cities, where merchants were engaged in free trade with people from European countries, fell in the 14th and 15th centuries, but already in the 17th century there was a complete decline of Hansa, resulting from the occurrence of competition in the form of associations of Dutch and English cities, as well as the Scandinavian ones. From amongst Polish towns and cities, members of Hansa were e.g. Szczecin, Gdańsk, Kołobrzeg, Elbląg, as well as Cracow. In 1980 an association of partner cities of North Europe, dubbed a New Hansa, was established, the objective of which is to attract attention to the common development of tourism and trade. Nowadays, this New Hansa associates over a hundred cities, similarly to what once was in the medieval Hansa. Numerous Polish cities faced the problem of reconstruction after the destruction of the World War II. The effects varied. By adopting the programme of satisfying predominantly housing demands in the 1960s and 1970s, historical old towns in dozens of cities from amongst nearly 2 hundred destroyed by warfare of the World War II in the north and west of Poland were lost forever. Today we can still encounter ruins of Gothic churches in Głogów or Gubin, where in the place of a market square and tenements of townsmen, randomly located rows of typical four- or five-storey blocks of flats have been erected.
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Vicini, Fabio. "GÜLEN’S RETHINKING OF ISLAMIC PATTERN AND ITS SOCIO-POLITICAL EFFECTS." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/gbfn9600.
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Over recent decades Islamic traditions have emerged in new forms in different parts of the Muslim world, interacting differently with secular and neo-liberal patterns of thought and action. In Turkey Fethullah Gülen’s community has been a powerful player in the national debate about the place of Islam in individual and collective life. Through emphasis on the im- portance of ‘secular education’ and a commitment to the defence of both democratic princi- ples and international human rights, Gülen has diffused a new and appealing version of how a ‘good Muslim’ should act in contemporary society. In particular he has defended the role of Islam in the formation of individuals as ethically-responsible moral subjects, a project that overlaps significantly with the ‘secular’ one of forming responsible citizens. Concomitantly, he has shifted the Sufi emphasis on self-discipline/self-denial towards an active, socially- oriented service of others – a form of religious effort that implies a strongly ‘secular’ faith in the human ability to make this world better. This paper looks at the lives of some members of the community to show how this pattern of conduct has affected them. They say that teaching and learning ‘secular’ scientific subjects, combined with total dedication to the project of the movement, constitute, for them, ways to accomplish Islamic deeds and come closer to God. This leads to a consideration of how such a rethinking of Islamic activism has influenced po- litical and sociological transition in Turkey, and a discussion of the potential contribution of the movement towards the development of a more human society in contemporary Europe. From the 1920s onwards, in the context offered by the decline and collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Islamic thinkers, associations and social movements have proliferated their efforts in order to suggest ways to live a good “Muslim life” under newly emerging conditions. Prior to this period, different generations of Muslim Reformers had already argued the compat- ibility of Islam with reason and “modernity”, claiming for the need to renew Islamic tradition recurring to ijtihad. Yet until the end of the XIX century, traditional educational systems, public forms of Islam and models of government had not been dismissed. Only with the dismantlement of the Empire and the constitution of national governments in its different regions, Islamic intellectuals had to face the problem of arranging new patterns of action for Muslim people. With the establishment of multiple nation-states in the so-called Middle East, Islamic intel- lectuals had to cope with secular conceptions about the subject and its place and space for action in society. They had to come to terms with the definitive affirmation of secularism and the consequent process of reconfiguration of local sensibilities, forms of social organisation, and modes of action. As a consequence of these processes, Islamic thinkers started to place emphasis over believers’ individual choice and responsibility both in maintaining an Islamic conduct daily and in realising the values of Islamic society. While under the Ottoman rule to be part of the Islamic ummah was considered an implicit consequence of being a subject of the empire. Not many scientific works have looked at contemporary forms of Islam from this perspective. Usually Islamic instances are considered the outcome of an enduring and unchanging tradition, which try to reproduce itself in opposition to outer-imposed secular practices. Rarely present-day forms of Islamic reasoning and practice have been considered as the result of a process of adjustment to new styles of governance under the modern state. Instead, I argue that new Islamic patterns of action depend on a history of practical and conceptual revision they undertake under different and locally specific versions of secularism. From this perspective I will deal with the specific case of Fethullah Gülen, the head of one of the most famous and influent “renewalist” Islamic movements of contemporary Turkey. From the 1980s this Islamic leader has been able to weave a powerful network of invisible social ties from which he gets both economic and cultural capital. Yet what interests me most in this paper, is that with his open-minded and moderate arguments, Gülen has inspired many people in Turkey to live Islam in a new way. Recurring to ijtihad and drawing from secular epistemology specific ideas about moral agency, he has proposed to a wide public a very at- tractive path for being “good Muslims” in their daily conduct. After an introductive explanation of the movement’s project and of the ideas on which it is based, my aim will be to focus on such a pattern of action. Particular attention will be dedi- cated to Gülen’s conception of a “good Muslim” as a morally-guided agent, because such a conception reveals underneath secular ideas on both responsibility and moral agency. These considerations will constitute the basis from which we can look at the transformation of Islam – and more generally of “the religion” – in the contemporary world. Then a part will be dedicated to defining the specificity of Gülen’s proposal, which will be compared with that of other Islamic revivalist movements in other contexts. Some common point between them will merge from this comparison. Both indeed use the concept of respon- sibility in order to push subjects to actively engage in reviving Islam. Yet, on the other hand, I will show how Gülen’s followers distinguish themselves by the fact their commitment pos- sesses a socially-oriented and reformist character. Finally I will consider the proximity of Gülen’s conceptualisation of moral agency with that the modern state has organised around the idea of “civic virtues”. I argue Gülen’s recall for taking responsibility of social moral decline is a way of charging his followers with a similar burden the modern state has charged its citizens. Thus I suggest the Islamic leader’s pro- posal can be seen as the tentative of supporting the modernity project by defining a new and specific space to Islam and religion into it. This proposal opens the possibility of new and interesting forms of interconnection between secular ideas of modernity and the so-called “Islamic” ones. At the same time I think it sheds a new light over contemporary “renewalist” movements, which can be considered a concrete proposal about how to realise, in a different background, modern forms of governance by reconsidering their moral basis.
Reports on the topic "Organisational decline"
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.
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Sandford, Robert, Vladimir Smakhtin, Colin Mayfield, Hamid Mehmood, John Pomeroy, Chris Debeer, Phani Adapa, et al. Canada in the Global Water World: Analysis of Capabilities. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/vsgg2030.
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This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.
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Rural NEET Youth Policy Brief - Challenges Associated with Formal Education in Rural Areas. COST Action 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.neetpb.2022.05.
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The youth demographic in rural areas continues to experience a global decline despite significant efforts from both national and international organisations to downturn this ne- gative trend. Such efforts aim to create conditions for learning as well as opportunities that can enable young people to develop knowledge, skills, and competencies. Despite the economic recovery trends of recent years (before the COVID-19 pandemic), young people continue to be particularly vulnerable and especially during times of crisis. Youth disengagement from the labour market can lead to economic loss, demotivation, margina- lisation, and be reflected in challenges such as a lack of qualifications, health issues, poverty, and other forms of social exclusion. To address such challenges, it is vital that a detailed understan- ding of youth needs is developed. This work should be based on heterogeneous characteristics (personal vs institutional) that include (although not limited to) socio-economic, demographic, financial, technical, and institutional perspectives. This information should subsequently inform both future policy-making and decision-making processes.