Journal articles on the topic 'Organisational corruption'
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Arewa, Andrew Oyen, and Peter Farrell. "The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i3.4619.
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The culture of an organisation is a vital element of business competency that must align with its strategic goals, and enhance peoples’ perceptions, feelings and behaviour in adapting to the world around them. Organisational culture may also bring about negative practices such as dishonesty and unethical behaviours. Recently the culture of some construction organisations has been called into question. For example, major construction projects around the globe have become involved in allegations of fraud and corruption. The cost is currently estimated at US$860 billion globally; with forecasts that it may rise to US$1.5 trillion by 2025. Hitherto the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden. The study aim is to establish whether the culture of construction organisations promotes corrupt practices in the UK construction and infrastructure sector. The study employed mixed research methods with interviews supported by a questionnaire and an examination of five case studies in different countries. Findings show that the culture of construction organisations together with the nature of the industry promotes fraud and corruption. The study subsequently highlights key cultural factors that support fraud and corruption in a way that is almost institutionalised.
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Arewa, Andrew Oyen, Andrew Oyen Arewa, and Peter Farrell. "The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption?" Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 3 (August 11, 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i3.4543.
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<p>The culture of an organisation is a vital element of business competency that must align with its strategic goals, and enhance peoples’ perceptions, feelings and behaviour in adapting to the world around them. Organisational culture may also bring about negative practices such as dishonesty and unethical behaviours. Recently the culture of some construction organisations has been called into question. For example, major construction projects around the globe have become involved in allegations of fraud and corruption. The cost is currently estimated at US$860 billion globally; with forecasts that it may rise to US$1.5 trillion by 2025. Hitherto, the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden. The study aim is to establish whether the culture of construction organisations promotes corrupt practices in the UK construction and infrastructure sector. The study employed mixed research methods with qualitative interviews supported by a quantitative questionnaire and examination of five case studies in different countries. Findings show that the culture of construction organisations together with the nature of the industry promotes fraud and corruption. The study subsequently highlighted key cultural factors that support fraud and corruption in a way that is almost institutionalised. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: construction, corruption, culture and organisations</p>
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Moran, Jon. "Anti-Corruption Reforms in the Police: Current Strategies and Issues." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 75, no. 2 (April 2002): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0207500206.
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During the 1990s a number of high-profile corruption cases, involving police officers engaging in serious criminal activity, merged with wider debates on police integrity. This article examines the anti-corruption strategies employed by the Metropolitan Police and Merseyside Police. Some current risk areas of corruption are examined and then the roles of dedicated anti-corruption units, preventive measures and other techniques are discussed. What appears qualitatively different about the current approach of these two services is the internal commitment which is reflected in the operations of a dedicated anti-corruption unit, the development of preventive measures and the recognition that a successful anti-corruption unit should operate in a developing system of overall ‘professional standards’. The latter includes the development of a series of managerial, organisational and procedural systems extending throughout the organisation.
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Goldstraw-White, Janice, and Martin Gill. "Tackling bribery and corruption in the Middle East: perspectives from the front line." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-08-2015-0040.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to see how senior managers in Middle East, an area frequently associated with high levels of bribery and corruption, tackle these in their organisations. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was employed, using interviews with 66 employees responsible for bribery and corruption management in their organisations. The research instrument used included both open and closed questions which allowed participants to expand on their answers. Qualitative data and some descriptive statistics are used to analyse and summarise interview findings. Findings Over the past few decades, governments have tried to control bribery and corruption via legislation. However, this is a contested area and many argue that legislation is an inappropriate mechanism. This paper assesses the implications in one geographical area, the Middle East. As well as exploring current approaches for tackling corruption, it discusses how culture and tradition affect organisational practices. We show that whereas the majority of organisations have been committed to stamping out bribery and corruption, some have been willing to tolerate such illegal behaviours. Originality/value This paper informs academics, policy-makers and those responsible for managing bribery and corruption about the challenges faced by those in the Middle East.
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Cherkasov, Konstantin V. "Anti-corruption at the level of the federal district: organisational and legal aspects (on the example of the Volga Federal District)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2019): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-2-218-221.
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This article analyses the main organisational and legal elements of combating corruption at the level of the federal district in their interrelation and interdependence. As an example, the experience of the Volga Federal District is indicated, which is very revealing for a number of reasons. The most important organisational and legal measures to combat corruption at the level of the federal district, issues of implementation of the state anti-corruption policy at the interregional level of government have been identifi ed. The structural elements of the anti-corruption mechanism in the Volga Federal District, which represent both state and non-state formations, are considered. In the end, it was concluded that the existing organisational and legal mechanism for ensuring the implementation of anti-corruption policy of the state and combating corruption in the Volga Federal District in general corresponds to the pressing problems and tasks in this statesignifi cant area, is optimal and effective. However, this circumstance in no way can act as an obstacle to its further development and improvement. We formulated a proposal to create a Centre for countering corruption of the Volga Federal District.
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Jones, Lorelei, Linda Pomeroy, Glenn Robert, Susan Burnett, Janet E. Anderson, Stephen Morris, Estela Capelas Barbosa, and Naomi J. Fulop. "Explaining organisational responses to a board-level quality improvement intervention: findings from an evaluation in six providers in the English National Health Service." BMJ Quality & Safety 28, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008291.
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BackgroundHealthcare systems worldwide are concerned with strengthening board-level governance of quality. We applied Lozeau, Langley and Denis’ typology (transformation, customisation, loose coupling and corruption) to describe and explain the organisational response to an improvement intervention in six hospital boards in England.MethodsWe conducted fieldwork over a 30-month period as part of an evaluation in six healthcare provider organisations in England. Our data comprised board member interviews (n=54), board meeting observations (24 hours) and relevant documents.ResultsTwo organisations transformed their processes in a way that was consistent with the objectives of the intervention, and one customised the intervention with positive effects. In two further organisations, the intervention was only loosely coupled with organisational processes, and participation in the intervention stopped when it competed with other initiatives. In the final case, the intervention was corrupted to reinforce existing organisational processes (a focus on external regulatory requirements). The organisational response was contingent on the availability of ‘slack’—expressed by participants as the ‘space to think’ and ‘someone to do the doing’—and the presence of a functioning board.ConclusionsUnderperforming organisations, under pressure to improve, have little time or resources to devote to organisation-wide quality improvement initiatives. Our research highlights the need for policy-makers and regulators to extend their focus beyond the choice of intervention, to consider how the chosen intervention will be implemented in public sector hospitals, how this will vary between contexts and with what effects. We provide useful information on the necessary conditions for a board-level quality improvement intervention to have positive effects.
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Hechanova, Ma Regina M., Isabel Melgar, Patrick Z. Falguera, and Mario Villaverde. "Organisational Culture and Workplace Corruption in Government Hospitals." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 8, no. 2 (December 2014): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prp.2014.5.
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This study examines corruption attitudes and norms in government hospitals in the Philippines. It tests a culture-building model that advocates communication of desired values, leadership role modelling, employee role modelling, alignment of systems and structures, training and evaluation, and reinforcement. Results reveal components that influence corruption attitudes and norms. Communication predicted individual attitudes or acceptability of corrupt acts. Leadership, systems, and controls predicted the prevalence of corrupt acts. Employee role modelling predicted both acceptability of and the prevalence of corrupt acts. In addition, there is a positive relationship between individual attitudes and organisation norms reinforcing the dyadic relationship between the two.
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Baba Abugre, James. "Managerial role in organizational CSR: empirical lessons from Ghana." Corporate Governance 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-10-2011-0076.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the managerial role in the practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of an empirical analysis of employees' opinions based on a quantitative survey of 100 middle and senior level managers from four organisations chosen from relatively high impact industry sectors. Findings – Managerial role in the practice of CSR is limited and ineffective in Ghana. Difficulties of effective CSR implementation mainly stem from leadership weak spots in the form of mismanagement and corruption, lack of leadership commitment and unwillingness to allocate monies due for CSR activities. Organisations can do better in the practice of CSR if management's attitude to CSR, corruption, and work behaviors are positive. Practical implications – The paper provides valuable information on managerial activities with regards to organisational CSR, and how these can be improved. Originality/value – Empirical literature on CSR in developing countries is limited. This paper identifies the roles that management and organisational leadership can play in the practice of CSR in developing countries. The paper proposes a universal approach which aims to address the need for adequate and effective enforcement of CSR.
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Lysakov, Andrey Ye. "The content of the factors the organisation of the preliminary investigation bodies in the sphere of economics investigation of corruption crimes." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 3 (2019): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-3-176-180.
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The organisation of the investigation of crimes aimed at achieving concrete results in the important sphere of relations is influenced by both individual factors of internal and external focus, and their combination, at the same time scientific literature analysis gives grounds to state that in most cases the question of the interpretation of the term "factor". It is not considered, or considered fragmented. In connection with this, by analysis of law enforcement and the maintenance of regulations in this area of relationships, as well as through the formal – logical, semantic and other methods, the author revealed, systematised the factors that determine the specificity of the organisation of crime investigation of corruption in the economic sphere, and described in detail some of them. On the basis of a systematic approach by the example of the activities of the investigating authorities propose a theoretical model of the factors the organisation of their work, the inherent organisational-managerial structure of any level the content of which, is a complex system of circumstances that have a significant impact on the maintenance of investigation corruption crimes in the economic sphere. This system consists of four subsystems – the legal, informal (communication), internal (organisational) and external (environmental factors).
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Dartey-Baah, Kwasi. "Goal integration through transformational leadership." Journal of Global Responsibility 7, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-09-2015-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to present a conceptual analysis of how the issue of corruption in Ghana’s public sector can be curbed through an integration of individual (public sector worker) and organisational goals (the public sector itself). It further sought to explain this possibility by focusing on a goal integration process through transformational leadership. Design/methodology/approach To meet this end, the study conducted a review of literature on goal, goal-setting, corruption, employee motivation and transformational leadership to develop a conceptual framework to explain this link between goal integration through transformational leadership and corruption reduction. Findings Findings from this study showed that dissatisfaction with work (especially pay) amongst Ghana’s public sector workers is a major factor necessitating the emergence of corruption in the country. It is also shown in the study that through the transformational leadership approach, individual worker concerns such as concerns with pay (a facet of job satisfaction) when treated as an institutional concern and appropriately dealt with could curb corruption in the public sector. Research limitations/implications Based on these findings, the study recommends that leaders in Ghana’s public sector (both political and administrative) must exhibit qualities of transformational leaders to foster individual and organisational growth as a means to curb corruption in the sector. The study also recommends that training programmes be organised for leaders to equip them with the needed knowledge and practice of transformational leadership. Furthermore, the study recommends that further studies could be done by other researchers on the training programmes that could be useful in equipping these leaders, as well as how and when to organise these programmes. Originality/value The study is novel in that it demonstrates the relevance of integrating individual and organisational goals through the application of the transformational leadership concept as a tool for reducing corruption in Ghana’s public sector.
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Bila, Hlengani, and Cornelis Roelfose. "Organised Vehicle Theft Operations: Unravelling the Matrix." Internal Security 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2269.
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Organised crime is receiving increasing attention from researchers around the world (Cf. Finckenhauer &amp;amp; Voronion, 2001; Gastrow, 2001; Grant; 2012; Williams, 2014; Doctorow, 20145; Bila, 2015). The many facets and focus areas of organised crime groups deal with a plethora of crimes and the operational and organisational aspects of this phenomenon. In this article the Authors focus on organised vehicle theft. The theoretical perspectives of systems theory are blended with encroachment theory to unravel the organisational matrix of a typical vehicle theft syndicate. Through the literature review the various components of such syndicates, focusing on exporting stolen vehicles, have been unravelled. In addition, the authors indicate how corruption and political connections in organised crime create matrix organisations.
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Pasieczny, Jacek. "Organisational Pathologies Under Conditions of Economic Downswing." Economics and Culture 14, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jec-2017-0002.
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AbstractThe topic of organisational pathology is surprisingly absent in literature on management, especially when bearing in mind the theoretical and practical import of such questions. The intention of the author is to fill in this gap, at least partially. The paper is based on an analysis of literature and an empirical research conducted by the author. The research applied partially structured interviews as its method. These interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and managers of various levels. They made possible the drawing of conclusions relating to conditions behind the genesis and growth of selected organisational pathologies in a situation of economic downswing. The article briefly presents the concept and influence of pathology on the functioning of an organisation. The author concentrates on the causes of the phenomenon and presents them from various perspectives. It is during times of economic downswing that an increase in unethical behaviour, including corruption, mobbing as well as others, becomes particularly visible. Also noticeable is concentrating on limiting costs, which can sometimes reach pathological scale. This can lead to a permanent loss of pro-development potential by the organisation. Moreover, numerous pathological phenomena emerge at the tangent point of the organisation and its surroundings. The source of many undesirable phenomena in the organisation and in its relations with its surroundings is a fall in trust, which makes its appearance in crisis situations. More often than not, managers facing a situation in which they have no choice perpetuate organisational pathologies, whilst, at the same time, being aware of the lack of validity of their actions. However, a more frequent source of problems is the differences in perspective in perceiving organisational phenomena by various actors and stakeholders.
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Shuhaiber, Ahmed, Shaban S. Al Emara, and Salem A. Al Jundi. "The effect of culture and organisational culture on administrative corruption." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 18, no. 4 (2019): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2019.10024410.
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Jundi, Salem A. Al, Ahmed Shuhaiber, and Shaban S. Al Emara. "The effect of culture and organisational culture on administrative corruption." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 18, no. 4 (2019): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2019.103096.
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Vyas-Doorgapersad, Shikha. "Organisational Ethics Management to Combat Corruption in the South African Public Sector." Business Ethics and Leadership 6, no. 3 (2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).14-22.2022.
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The purpose of this study is to develop organisational ethics and encourage an ethical culture in the South African public sector. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of corruption indicates the need to observe the principles of organizational ethics to provide and preserve the circumstances necessary to support the integrity of democratic institutions and processes. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that this study intends to adhere to ethical principles stipulated in Section 195 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, stipulating that democratic principles shall guide South Africa’s governmental administration. These goals may be achieved by implementing a strong organizational ethics management system. Investigation in the paper is conducted in the following logical sequence: an overview of corruption in the South African public sector is explored, followed by an explanation regarding the significance of organizational ethics management in reducing corruption. The methodological tools of the research methods include a desktop study of the existing literature and official legislation and regulatory documents required for the research. Organizational ethics management was theoretically and contextually analyzed utilizing qualitative research methodologies and trend analysis. The results show that although the South African government has implemented remedial procedures to address unethical behavior in the public sector, the study found that financial mismanagement and corruption continue to predominate investigations, commissions of inquiry, and the media. These occurrences also include non-compliance with laws and regulations. Furthermore, disciplinary procedures are implemented improperly, and supervision mechanisms are not properly used or enforced. Based on the research results, proposals for policy changes and a list of priority corrective measures specific to the South African situation are made. The provided practical recommendations to support an ethical environment in the South African public sector may be helpful for representatives of the public administration and other public institutions. Although the subject of corruption is not new, it still needs ongoing dialogue and participation between academics, legislators, and policymakers to come up with solutions tailored to each nation.
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Lasslett, Kristian. "Uncovering the Transnational Networks, Organisational Techniques and State-Corporate Ties Behind Grand Corruption: Building an Investigative Methodology." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 4 (November 14, 2017): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i4.445.
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While grand corruption is a major global governance challenge, researchers notably lack a systematic methodology for conducting qualitative research into its complex forms. To address this lacuna, the following article sets out and applies the corruption investigative framework (CIF), a methodology designed to generate a systematic, transferable approach for grand corruption research. Its utility will be demonstrated employing a case study that centres on an Australian-led megaproject being built in Papua New Guinea’s capital city, Port Moresby. Unlike conventional analyses of corruption in Papua New Guinea, which emphasise its local characteristics and patrimonial qualities, application of CIF uncovered new empirical layers that centre on transnational state-corporate power, the ambiguity of civil society, and the structural inequalities that marginalise resistance movements. The important theoretical consequences of the findings and underpinning methodology are explored.
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Purcell, Aquinas John. "Australian local government corruption and misconduct." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2013-0060.
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Purpose – This paper aims to focus on corruption and misconduct evidenced from local government investigation reports in Australia, New Zealand and the UK. Design/methodology/approach – A corruption and misconduct taxonomy was developed and the audit committee’s role was empirically tested. Findings – The empirical findings exhibited low support for audit committees overseeing corruption and misconduct allegations. The respondents generally considered that the chief executive was the appropriate person to manage investigations. Practical implications – The findings from the local government investigations and the empirical research emphasises the significance of culture and ethical practices to mitigate against corruption and misconduct. A culture of zero tolerance of corruption and misconduct was one of the best ways of a council demonstrating its integrity. Originality/value – This paper offers a local government perspective on the behavioural factors which provide the organisational conditions for corruption and misconduct to become the norm.
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Di Marco, Antonio. "Sports Economy and Fight against Corruption: Which Limits to the Sporting Organisations Autonomy?" European Business Law Review 32, Issue 5 (October 1, 2021): 877–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2021031.
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This research studies the impact of the growth of the sports economy on the limitation of the autonomy of sports organisations, taking into account the driving role of the sovereign power of public orders to fight against corruption. It illustrates the idea according to which the economic governance of sport is based on the specific governance of the International Sports Movement and it verifies how and to what extent the public orders are affecting the regulatory autonomy of sport’s transnational legal orders. The study analyses, firstly, the legal status of the sporting organisations, arguing that the fundamental operational and organisational requirements of sporting organisations have international sources and transnational effects. Secondly, it considers the economic competences of sporting organisations, detecting the limits of sport autonomy due to the exercise of economic activities. Thirdly, it points up the international convergences on managerial transparency and some examples of national and international monitoring of economic activities in sporting organisations, delineating the emergence of a specific international legal framework for economic sports governance. The analysis, finally, identifies the limits of the recent developments at international level, exposing the potential role of the European authorities and the legitimate ways to justify the international limitation of the autonomy of sport. Autonomy of sport, Private International Law, Public-private Governance, Corruption, Transnational Legal Order, Sports Economy, Legal Status of Sporting Organisations, Audit, Managerial Transparency, Economic Monitoring, International Sporting Convention
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Ahmed, Md Shoaib, and Danielle Tucker. "Accounting and Construction of Wage Theft: A Form of Organisational Corruption." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (August 2020): 12857. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.12857abstract.
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Dlamini, Nqobile, Adrino Mazenda, Tyanai Masiya, and Norman Tafirenyika Nhede. "Challenges to strategic planning in public institutions." International Journal of Public Leadership 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-10-2019-0062.
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Purpose A strategic plan is a document used to communicate an organisation’s goals and the actions needed to achieve those goals. Strategic planning in public organisations promotes timely decisions, enhances the management of limited resources in a more rational manner, improves service delivery and induces greater satisfaction of customers. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to critically examine the strategic planning challenges facing the Department of Telecommunications and Postal Services (DTPS), and how these impact organisational performance; second, to identify strategies that can be implemented to enhance strategic planning and performance management in the DTPS. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a qualitative case study design with the aid of document analysis to provide insight into the research questions. Findings The paper concludes that public institutions such as the DTPS face a plethora of challenges that militate against successful strategic planning and implementation. A major challenge is resistance to change arising from a desire to maintain the status quo. This paper argues that it is important to promote strategic planning, and aligning organisational objectives with performance in public institutions. Research limitations/implications This study is based on documentary research and therefore its findings may lack current findings that would have emerged from direct interviews. Practical implications This research contributes towards efforts being made to make strategic planning and implementation effective and credible in public institutions especially in sub Saharan Africa. Originality/value In many South African public institutions, strategic planning is viewed as the work of top management, a misconception which compromises service delivery. In addition, strategic planning has been implemented as a direct attempt to inhibit poor budgetary planning and corruption in procurement systems, and in order to effectively manage public resources. There is a need for the department to conduct regular skills development programmes, uproot top-level bureaucracy, and increase innovation, monitoring and evaluation of organisational activities.
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Thanh Mai, Phạm. "LAW ENFORCEMENT ON CORRUPTION CASES IN VIETNAM." IJLLE (International Journal of Law and Legal Ethics) 1, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47701/ijlle.v1i1.956.
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This research examines corruption offences in public investment in Vietnam. An important part of the research is to examine and evaluate effectiveness and accountabilities of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam, including the Government Inspectorate of Vietnam, the People’s Procuracy of Vietnam and the People’s Public Security Forces of Vietnam based on their functions, powers and responsibilities. The aim of this research was to examine corruption and criminal behaviour in public investment in Vietnam, to identify practical policies, models and strategies for the purpose of improving the capacities and effectiveness of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam. The overall objective of this research was to research the corruption offences in public investment in Vietnam; to evaluate the effectiveness and accountabilities of anticorruption in public investment in Vietnam, including the Government Inspectorate of Vietnam, the People’s Procuracy of Vietnam and the People’s Public Security Forces of Vietnam based on their functions, powers and responsibilities; and to analyse corruption offences in public investment in terms of organisational structures and criminal behaviour to identify practical recommendations to enhance the success in combating corruption in public investment in Vietnam. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this study. The research has implications for anti-corruption commission policy makers and researchers in Vietnam.
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Howson, Cynthia. "Women smuggling and the men who help them: gender, corruption and illicit networks in Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 3 (September 2012): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000183.
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates gendered patterns of corruption and access to illicit networks among female cross-border traders near the Senegambian border. Despite a discourse of generosity and solidarity, access to corrupt networks is mediated by class and gender, furthering social differentiation, especially insofar as it depends on geographic and socio-economic affinity with customs officers, state representatives and well-connected transporters. Issues of organisational culture, occupational identity and interpersonal negotiations of power represent important sources of corruption that require an understanding of the actual dynamics of public administration. While smuggling depends on contesting legal and social boundaries, the most successful traders (and transporters) strive to fulfil ideal gender roles as closely as possible. Ironically, trading on poverty and feminine vulnerability only works for relatively affluent women.
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Apriliyanti, Indri Dwi, and Stein Oluf Kristiansen. "The logics of political business in state-owned enterprises: the case of Indonesia." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 5 (December 2, 2019): 709–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2018-0433.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the hidden process of collusion among power holders in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in an emerging economy, which endures despite comprehensive reforms towards democracy and good governance. Why are mechanisms of checks and balances not functioning in the way they should? Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with board members, executives, politicians, bureaucrats and representatives from auditing boards involved in the management of SOEs in Indonesia. Findings The findings reveal practices of collective conservatism, reciprocal opportunism and normalisation of corruption. The costs of getting into powerful positions are so high that conglomerate business owners gain control over the management of SOEs. The authors use the terms “wall-building and gatekeeping” to explain such cases. Research limitations/implications There is a continuous process of wall building and gatekeeping occurring among business oligarchs, bureaucrats and elected politicians in Indonesia. New entrants into the system are co-opted by the established elite. Practical implications This study shows collusion, rent-seeking and corruption among political and business elites as well as top officials in the government hinder good governance reforms in state-owned Indonesian enterprises. Social implications Collusion and illicit business practices in SOEs are clearly grounded on wall building and gatekeeping. Tackling this problem is a precondition for good governance and an improved legal and regulatory business environment in Indonesia. The ideal separation of powers and the checks and balances for good governance apparently need more than a democracy to break through. A further strengthening of the free press and critical academics will be one crucial contribution. Originality/value There is generally a lack of understanding of the context of corruption, such as the influence of institutional and organisational structures. The topic of corruption is also under-researched due to the difficulty of finding empire evidence. This paper contributes to explaining why new political and organisational structures, such as a democratically elected parliament and a particularly designed corruption eradication commission, are not able to hinder rent-seeking practices and illicit political business in state agencies.
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Loosemore, Martin, and Benson Teck-Heng Lim. "Intra-organisational injustice in the construction industry." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 23, no. 4 (July 18, 2016): 428–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2015-0005.
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Purpose – Increasing workforce casualisation, under representation of women and other minority groups, racial discrimination, corruption and poor safety are just some of the documented examples of intra-organisational injustice in the industry. Typically these issues are problematised separately using different theoretical frameworks, yet at the most fundamental behavioural level they have a common cause which lies in the “unjust” treatment of one person by another. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the conceptual understanding of these hitherto separated but conceptually linked problems. Design/methodology/approach – A survey 135 consultants, contractors, subcontractors and suppliers from across the Australian construction supply chain. Findings – Surprisingly despite widespread academic concerns about injustice in the construction industry, there are not significant concerns within the industry community. Contrary to much research about the poor culture of the construction industry, the results indicate that the relatively low levels of perceived injustice are institutional rather than cultural. The research also highlights the plight of middle management, which appear to consistently suffer the highest levels of injustice across all its theoretical categories. Research limitations/implications – Sample size and Australian focus. Practical implications – Informs organisational policies to reduce injustice in the construction industry. Social implications – By reducing injustice, this research will improve the fairness of business practices in the construction industry. Originality/value – Application of justice theories to conceptualise unfair construction practices.
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Ransley, Janet, Jessica Anderson, and Tim Prenzler. "Civil Litigation Against Police in Australia: Exploring Its Extent, Nature and Implications for Accountability." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 40, no. 2 (August 2007): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.40.2.143.
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Much recent policing reform has been concerned with strengthening organisational and individual accountability through complaints, discipline systems and external oversight. Civil litigation against police has largely been ignored as an accountability measure. This research aimed to broaden the understanding of police litigation in Australia, and determine the implications for its use as an accountability mechanism. While the findings are not definitive, they generally conform with previous research outcomes that most cases initiated by civilians involve allegations of police abuse of power or process corruption. A new finding is that police sue their own organisations at about the same rate as they are sued by members of the public, although primarily for unfair dismissal. The results show a need for more detailed research, but highlight that civil litigation can form part of a regulatory web for identifying, controlling and preventing police misconduct.
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Tunley, Martin, Mark Button, David Shepherd, and Dean Blackbourn. "Preventing occupational corruption: utilising situational crime prevention techniques and theory to enhance organisational resilience." Security Journal 31, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41284-016-0087-5.
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Buser De, Maya, and Chanwahn Kim. "Social Movements against Corruption and Sexual Violence in India." Asian Journal of Social Science 44, no. 1-2 (2016): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04401002.
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This paper investigates the highly mediatised mobilisation of the urban middle class in Delhi, India, against two social events, the anti-corruption movement in 2011 and the movement against sexual violence in 2013. It uses the perspective of resource mobilisation theory and, more specifically, the resource typology for social movements for a systematic and comparative analysis of middle-class mobilisation. The inclusion of a category of institutional resources is proposed, because of the important role played by judicial institutions to frame demands for change in both instances. Findings from this investigation reveal that the urban middle class in Delhi has approached these two movements using similar cultural, human and institutional resources, but it has significantly diverged in its usage of social-organisational resources. This study contributes to the ongoing discussions about the potential new role of the diverse urban middle class in Indian politics beyond electoral processes.
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Ratnasari, Gusti Ayu Indah. "“I CAN(NOT) DRAW”: THE USE OF VISUAL METHODS IN RESEARCH ON TAX ADMINISTRATION REFORM AND CORRUPTION." JURNAL PAJAK INDONESIA (Indonesian Tax Review) 3, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jpi.v3i2.738.
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Images have been used in other studies to investigate organisational change, although far less common than the interview as a method. However, images have rarely, if ever, been used to study tax reform (as a form of public sector change) and corruption. This article focuses on the assessment of visual methods, using empirical data which are drawn from a wider study on the interplay between organisational change and corruption, an issue which is still underexplored. Using the Indonesian tax administration reform in the 2000s as a case study, the study employs visual methods (drawings and photographs), the interviews and focus group discussion to collect the data, which are analysed thematically. Assessment on the visual data shows that this study confirms the existing literature on the values of images in stimulating responses, conveying complex ideas and drawing out paradoxical emotions toward organisational change. Additionally, there is potential ability of images to unveil the ‘dark side’ of organisational change and its management. Despite the benefits of visual methods, this study also provides evidence on the drawbacks of using images and recommendations for future research. Gambar telah digunakan sebagai metode penelitian dalam beberapa studi tentang perubahan organisasi, meskipun penggunaannya jauh lebih jarang daripada wawancara. Namun, gambar sangat jarang, bahkan belum pernah, digunakan untuk meneliti reformasi pajak (sebagai bentuk perubahan organisasi sektor publik) dan korupsi. Fokus dari artikel ini adalah pada evaluasi atas metode visual, dengan menggunakan data empiris dari studi yang lebih luas tentang interaksi antara perubahan organisasi dan korupsi, di mana hal ini merupakan suatu topik yang penelitiannya masih sangat terbatas. Dengan menggunakan reformasi administrasi perpajakan Indonesia pada tahun 2000-an sebagai studi kasus, studi ini menggunakan metode visual (gambar dan foto), wawancara, dan diskusi kelompok terpumpun (atau focus group discussion) untuk mengumpulkan data yang dianalisis secara tematik.Evaluasi atas data visual menunjukkan bahwa penelitian ini mendukung literatur yang ada tentang kemampuan gambar dalam menstimulasi respon, menyampaikan ide-ide kompleks, dan menggambarkan emosi paradoks atas perubahan organisasi. Selain itu, terdapat potensi kemampuan gambar untuk mengungkap 'sisi gelap' dari perubahan organisasi dan manajemen perubahan. Terlepas dari manfaat metode visual, penelitian ini juga memberikan bukti empiris tentang kelemahan penggunaan gambar dan rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
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Byun, Sung-Eun, and James M. Ruiz. "Corruption and Politics within the South Korean Government." International Journal of Police Science & Management 9, no. 3 (September 2007): 226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2007.9.3.226.
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The purpose of this study is (1) to examine cause and effect relationships between bureaucratic corruption and personal, political, legal, and cultural factors in South Korea; (2) to employ criminological theory in an attempt to explain each relationship; and (3) to suggest policies for corruption prevention. Through analysing the official crime report, Analytical Report on Crimes from 1999 to 2004 issued annually by the Prosecution Office of South Korea, this study finds the following six relationships between corruption and factors. First, public officials with low socio-economic status (SES) might be more likely to commit crimes than those with high SES. Second, married officials might be more likely to commit crimes than those of any other marital status. Third, public officials in law enforcement departments are more likely to commit job-related crimes than in any other departments. Fourth, higher-ranked public officials are more likely to commit job-related crimes than are lower-ranking public officials. Fifth, arrested public officials are less likely to be convicted than are regular citizens. And, sixth, most crimes of public officials might be influenced by organisational custom. This study endeavours to apply three criminological theories: rational choice theory; control theory; and conflict theory to the above findings and to develop insight toward a corruption-free society.
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Vyas-Doorgapersad, Shikha, and Pinky Mothabi. "Overview of misconduct influencing ethical culture in the Local Government Sector Education Training Authority, South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 4 (June 5, 2022): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1816.
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Misconduct, in any form, whether corruption, theft, mismanagement of funds, maladministration, non-compliance of rules, etc. may create unethical environment in an organisation. This situation, if not get corrected timely, may have a negative impact on organisational performance as employees may be more inclined to focus on personal gains than working towards realising orgaisational vision. Authors of this article have utilised various official reports to substantiate this statement, and hence avoid a biased approach. The study focuses on the Local Government Sector Education Training Authority (LGSETA), to assess whether there is misconduct that limits the organization’s ability to establish an ethical culture. The study is based on qualitative desktop analysis utilising literature and document reviews to gather information. The findings explore varied ethical challenges and thus discuss measures to combat misconduct in LGSETA. The study recommends the adoption of the Governance Operating Model, suggested by Deloitte (2013) that can assist LGSETA to minimise misconduct by implementing measures to institute and promote an ethical culture.
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Osifodunrin, Edward A., and José Dias Lopes. "Theory and determinants of regulatory effectiveness in a formal microinsurance context: The insurers’ perspectives." Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, no. 4, special issue (2022): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i4siart8.
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Using a 60-item questionnaire with an 8-point Likert scale, we conducted a survey (solely amongst insurers) to investigate possible determinants of regulatory effectiveness (RE) in the Nigerian microinsurance sector. This survey was further triangulated with key industry reports, coupled with respondent-provided qualitative validation and real scenario-based instances, to soundly justify the responses/opinions of survey participants. In this paper, RE was measured by the level of achievement on regulatory mandates (RM), as opined/justified by informed respondents. This research was conducted to re-sensitize/guide governments, regulators, researchers and other stakeholders on what fosters/impedes RE and the need to sustainably manage these determinants, in order to promote formal microinsurance development (FMID). Our result revealed that the severity of determinants’ impact (in their current/snapshot state) on five aggregated RM was in the following decreasing order: “level of corruption”, “clarity of mandate”, “national culture”, “technology”, “regulatory flexibility/innovation”, “organisational structure”, “participation/consultation”, “organisational culture”, “regulatory autonomy” and lastly, “resources” has the least negative impact. The “socio-political legitimacy” had no impact on the five RM, while “support-from-development-partners” in its current/snapshot state is the only recorded determinant exerting a positive impact on all the five RM (as aggregated). Consequently, the study guides relevant stakeholders to assiduously work towards managing these determinants (especially, the most severe ones such as “level-of-corruption”, “clarity-of-mandate”, etc.) in order to enhance RE and FMID.
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Kopeček, Lubomír. "“I’m Paying, So I Decide”." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 725–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325416650254.
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Business-firm parties founded on the initiative of a political entrepreneur are a phenomenon of growing importance in contemporary party politics. In practice, these are either commercial companies, whose structure is used for a political project, or new and separate organisations constructed on business principles. This article examines the case of Czech party ANO (“YES”), established by the owner of the Agrofert holding company Andrej Babiš. The party achieved remarkable success in the 2013 Czech general election. The opportunity for ANO’s success was provided by strong voter dissatisfaction, reinforced by the scandalous circumstances of the centre-right government’s fall. This context created a fertile ground for the introduction of a new entity espousing anti-party, anti-corruption, and anti-political sentiments. In ANO’s organisation and functioning, a strengthening of certain traits characteristic of this type of parties is apparent. A robust system for screening party members and representatives has been gradually put into place, and human resources–style techniques of psychological testing were employed at the party’s inception. Furthermore, the power in the party has been wholly centralised around the leader, and the party’s territorial structures assigned merely service tasks. ANO has also maximised its electoral-professional orientation. The strengthening of the typical traits of a business-firm party can be explained by reference to the party’s origin in the business environment and the notions entertained by its leader. In many respects, Babiš’s party has brought the organisational model of a business-firm party to its limits.
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Palozzi, Gabriele, Sandro Brunelli, and Camilla Falivena. "Higher Sustainability and Lower Opportunistic Behaviour in Healthcare: A New Framework for Performing Hospital-Based Health Technology Assessment." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103550.
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Innovative health technology deployment represents the primary challenge within the sustainability of public health systems. On one hand, new technologies may potentially improve access to care and the quality of services. On the other hand, their rapid evolution and broad implications on existing procedures increase the risk to adopt technologies that are not value for money. As a consequence, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a critical process at each level of the National Health System. Focusing on the organisational level, this paper explores the current practices of Hospital-Based HTA (HB-HTA) in terms of management, control and behaviours of various actors involved. Among several tasks, decision-makers are appointed at managing the conflict of interest around health technology development, that could pave the way for corruption or other misleading behaviours. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is proposing a new strategic framework, named Health Technology Balanced Assessment (HTBA), to foster hospital-based health technology management aimed to align strategy and actions. The conceptual model is developed on three perspectives (clinical, economic and organisational) to make the actors involved in the assessment (clinicians, health professionals, hospital managers and patients) aware of the impact of new technology on the value chain. Besides supporting the decision-making process, such a tool represents support for the internal control system as a whole. By promoting structured evaluation, it increases transparency and accountability of public health organisations. Moreover, in the long run, the framework proposed will be useful to reach selected United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) to enhance the quality of healthcare in the future.
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John, Aparna, Nicholas Nisbett, Inka Barnett, Rasmi Avula, and Purnima Menon. "Factors influencing the performance of community health workers: A qualitative study of Anganwadi Workers from Bihar, India." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): e0242460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242460.
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Globally, there remain significant knowledge and evidence gaps around how to support Community Health Worker (CHW) programmes to achieve high coverage and quality of interventions. India’s Integrated Child Development Services scheme employs the largest CHW cadre in the world—Anganwadi Workers (AWWs). However, factors influencing the performance of these workers remain under researched. Lessons from it have potential to impact on other large scale global CHW programmes. A qualitative study of AWWs in the Indian state of Bihar was conducted to identify key drivers of performance in 2015. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 AWWs; data was analysed using both inductive and deductive thematic analysis. The study adapted and contextualised existing frameworks on CHW performance, finding that factors affecting performance occur at the individual, community, programme and organisational levels, including factors not previously identified in the literature. Individual factors include initial financial motives and family support; programme factors include beneficiaries’ and AWWs’ service preferences and work environment; community factors include caste dynamics and community and seasonal migration; and organisational factors include corruption. The initial motives of the worker (the need to retain a job for family financial needs) and community expectations (for product-oriented services) ensure continued efforts even when her motivation is low. The main constraints to performance remain factors outside of her control, including limited availability of programme resources and challenging relationships shaped by caste dynamics, seasonal migration, and corruption. Programme efforts to improve performance (such as incentives, working conditions and supportive management) need to consider these complex, inter-related multiple determinants of performance. Our findings, including new factors, contribute to the global literature on factors affecting the performance of CHWs and have wide application.
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Tannimalay, Sangeetha, Noor Fareen Abdul Rahim, and Meen Chee Hong. "The Effect of Person-Environment Fit on Public Servant Integrity and Performance: Investigating the Moderating Role of Public Service Motivation." Journal of Governance and Integrity 5, no. 1 (November 29, 2021): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.5.1.2021.7180.
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Individual performance is measured by a person's contribution to attaining this objective, whereas public organisation performance is measured by goals achieved in accordance with its mission statements. Positive individual behaviour is important for positive life outcomes, such as professional ethics. Individuals with strong integrity between their psychological (spiritual) and physical (physical) functions are one of the determinants of individual performance in organisations. Integrity is a promise to do everything in line with right and ethical principles, as well as values and standards, and there is consistency in continuing to make these commitments in every scenario without seeing any chance or coercion to break them. Individual integrity and performance are strongly influenced by the person-environment fit (person-job fit and person-organization fit). Due to the several corruption cases in Malaysia, the impacts of person-environment fit (person-job fit and person-organization fit) on individual integrity and performance of public sector personnel are investigated in this study. The suggested model was tested using partial least squares on a sample of 214 public sector employees in Penang. Integrity and individual performance is positively influenced by both person-job fit and person-organization fit, with person-organization fit having a stronger effect. Furthermore, the moderating effects of Public Service Motivation in the relationship between person-environment fit and the integrity and individual performance are not significant. As a result, it is critical to design strategies and implement suitable organisational environments in order to successfully raise the integrity and performance levels of public sector employees/
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Doig, Alan, David Watt, and Robert Williams. "Why do developing country anti-corruption commissions fail to deal with corruption? Understanding the three dilemmas of organisational development, performance expectation, and donor and government cycles." Public Administration and Development 27, no. 3 (2007): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.452.
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Ahmad, Nor Azrani, AZLEEN ILIAS, and Erlane K. Ghani. "Analysing Five Components of the COSO Framework in Procurement Corruption Risk Prevention for Sustainable Public Organisational Performance." International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpspm.2021.10053646.
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Ellis L. C. Osabutey, Gbolahan Gbadamosi, and Chima Mordi. "The challenges of employee resourcing: the perceptions of managers in Nigeria." Career Development International 22, no. 6 (October 9, 2017): 703–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-01-2017-0003.
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Purpose The existing literature on the recruitment and selection process in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) context has not sufficiently revealed inherent challenges. The purpose of this paper is to examine managers’ perceptions of employee resourcing in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses qualitative data which were generated from the semi-structured interviews of 61 managers across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. Findings The paper finds that in addition to the Federal Character Principle and the Quota System Policy, favouritism, ethnicity, age and gender discrimination, as well as corruption significantly inhibit the recruitment and selection process in Nigeria. Consequently, the ability to hire the best workers to improve competitiveness is also inadvertently hampered. Practical implications The paper shows that the institutional and cultural variations in SSA require a nuanced approach in the recruitment and selection process in order to enhance organisational competitiveness. Originality/value The institutional and cultural variations in SSA require a nuanced approach in the recruitment and selection process in order to enhanced organisational competitiveness.
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Othman, Irma Wani, Saifulazry Mokhtar, and Mohd Sohaimi Esa. "THE VISIBILITY OF THE ENFORCEMENT AGENCY INTEGRITY COMMISSION (EAIC) IN STRENGTHENING THE PUBLIC SECTOR’S CULTURE." Journal of Information System and Technology Management 7, no. 27 (September 29, 2022): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jistm.727018.
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As a Federal Statutory Body established by an Act of Parliament and gazetted on 3 September 2009 under Section 3 of the Enforcement Agency Integrity Commission Act 2009 [Act 700], the Enforcement Agency Integrity Commission (EAIC) is viewed as having a prominent role in enhancing the culture of integrity. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues of integrity leakage currently facing by the EAIC including (i) Issues Concerning the Cultivation of Bribery Rewards and Corrupt Practices Among Civil Servants, (ii) Issues of Empowering Integrity Education in Sustainable Public Sector Governance, (iii) The Issue of Bureaucracy in Impairing the Efficiency of Human Resources and weakening the Organisational Administrative System, and (iv) The Issue of Exploitation by the Department’s Top Management for Personal Gain, and (v) The Issue of Cartels in Preventing the Loss of National Treasures. This paper applies secondary sources, such as research results published in journals, scholarly writing, online news sources, and public forums, to employ a qualitative methodology. According to the findings of the study found that civil servant’s breach of integrity is a serious concern if corruption and malpractice continue to occur. The study suggests that if the present system in the organisation is plagued by bureaucracy-related issues, it will worsen the situation of integrity in the government, resulting in the paralysis of the country’s governance delivery system. Hence, the crisis of integrity resulting from abuse of power, corruption, and breach of trust which can be interpreted as a frequent betrayal of trust among governments, civil servants, the private sector, and the general public places the nation at risk of having governance systems that are unreliable.
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Arowolo, Rachael Oluyemisi, Ayoib Che Ahmad, and Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson Popoola. "Effect of Risk Management Committee on Monitoring Mechanisms." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2017.1.2.13.
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Corruption has become an identification label for many African countries of which Nigeria is one of the top listed countries. Monitoring mechanisms (MM) is therefore at the forefront of issues being considered by governments, company boards of directors, regulators, and management to ensure transparency, accountability, and protection of the shareholders' interests. Risk management is connected with components of internal control (risks assessment, monitoring, and control activities) which is a vital instrument to mitigate agency problems emanating from corruption and moral hazards in companies. It is, therefore, essential to understand Risk Management Committee (RMC) as one of the organisational attributes that can affect MM. The relationship between RMC and MM has not been empirically tested, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this paper examines the relationship between RMC and monitoring mechanisms. It provides empirical supports that RMC associates with monitoring mechanisms to reduce agency problems, using the data (2010-2012) of Nigerian non-financial listed companies. The board of directors of Nigerian companies is encouraged by this research to explore the usefulness of RMC in monitoring the management and controlling shareholders to lessen agency problems and protect the interests of the minority shareholders.
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Patrick, Rodger. "‘A Nod and a Wink’: Do ‘Gaming Practices' Provide an Insight into the Organisational Nature of Police Corruption?" Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 84, no. 3 (September 2011): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2011.84.3.529.
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Fernando, Mario, and Ruwan Bandara. "Towards virtuous and ethical organisational performance in the context of corruption: A case study in the public sector." Public Administration and Development 40, no. 3 (June 9, 2020): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.1882.
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Ele, Bassey, Umoh, E. E., and Egete, D. O. "Development of an Improved Network Security System using Firewall for Securing Organisational Data." Transactions on Networks and Communications 8, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tnc.85.9605.
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It is eminent that the Internet is far from being secure. Insecure networks have caused organizations to lose lots of money as a result of data loss or data corruption, and even worse, some organizations have also lost their reputation hence reduce the client’s confidence. Therefore, this research focused on the development of an improved network security system using a firewall that can secure both the internal and external network of an organization. The system was developed using both packet filtering and proxy server architectures to prevent unauthorized connection or access to the organization server or resources thereby reducing the risk of attacks to the network and loss of organizational data. The system was implemented using PHP and python programming languages and the backend was developed using MySQL as the database server; HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the frontend layout. The implementation of this firewall system includes a monitoring admin interface from where most activities within the private network can be monitored and also this system can prevent or deny the unauthorized request of services either by an intruder from an external network or personnel within the network. Based on the findings of this study, the developed system is recommended for any organization that depends on computer networks for the running of their daily activities.
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Ofor-Douglas, Stella. "Organisational Effectiveness: A Necessary Tool for Achieving Quality University Education in Nigeria." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (August 24, 2022): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.760.
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The role of higher education in producing graduates who can transform the nation cannot be overemphasised. As such, one must look for ways to ensure that the higher education received is of good quality and of an enviable standard. One of the means to ensure this is to look within the university administration for organisational effectiveness. The onus then lies on those at the centre of making important decisions for the university to do so using good techniques with the aim of creating the best environment for imparting knowledge and skills to students. To this end, it becomes a necessity to search out means to achieve organisational effectiveness in Nigerian universities. This paper will thus provide an introduction that gives a better understanding of the subject matter in detail of its components. A suitable literature review of the various opinions of scholars on this topic will be examined. The series of challenges militating against the subject matter such as lack of funding, corruption, lack of qualified personnel etc., will be analysed. A conclusion providing a summary of this paper will be made to give a simpler understanding of what the paper truly aimed to reach a reader. A list of applicable suggestions such as prioritising university education and providing counselling for students and staff to enable them to perform at their optimum best will be provided to remedy the challenges with a view of making them applicable to real-life situations.
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Maune, Alexander. "Hillel the elder: A Talmudic perspective of his leadership intelligence." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 2 (2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i2art1.
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There is a great deal of interest in discovering the secrets behind quality/good leadership as this is the backborne for organisational or national success. This article traces and reviews Hillel the Elder`s leadership intelligence, which saw him rose from being a woodcutter to became the ‘Nasi’ (President) of Israel, from a Talmudic perspective. Relevant literature from the Babylonian Talmud, journal articles and other Jewish books was reviewed in order to bring to light some of the secrets behind Hillel the Elder`s leadership intelligence. A number of leadership lessons were discovered and are discussed in this article. This article will go a long way in influencing leadership practices in the 21st century given the rampant corporate failures due to mismanagement, corruption and misappropriation of funds
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Haryanto. "Boundary Crossers: The Transformation of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia’s Post-Authoritarian Era." Politics and Governance 8, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.3011.
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This article discusses the strategies used by the leaders of civil society organisations (CSOs) to cross the boundary between the field of civil society and the field of the state. Moreover, it examines the implications of this boundary crossing for post-authoritarian politics in Indonesia. In doing so, it tries to answer two questions: First, what are the strategies used by CSO leaders in boundary crossing? Second, what are the political implications of this boundary crossing for Indonesia’s post-authoritarian politics? Using Bourdieu’s field theory as its conceptual framework and drawing on qualitative interviews with CSO leaders, this article scrutinises the mobility of CSO leaders in different sectors: agrarian, anti-corruption, law, and human rights. It identifies two main strategies used in boundary crossing: direct and indirect strategies. Such strategies tend to be individual rather than organisational. Neither strategy is exclusive; CSO leaders do not limit themselves to particular strategies but may combine them and use them simultaneously. Another finding is that, when crossing to the state field, CSO leaders may increase or reduce their capital, or even lose it. Furthermore, boundary crossing has several significant implications for post-authoritarian politics in Indonesia: it generates sectoral policies; it creates political linkages; and finally, it leads CSO leaders to exert political control within the state field.
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Racca, Gabriella M. "The Risks of Emergencies in Public Procurement." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569213x15664519748622.
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Abstract Natural disasters, catastrophes or other exceptional events normally require a prompt response. Unpredictable urgency permits derogations of competitive procedures for the award of public contracts according to the European Directives. Such possibility has often been interpreted extensively and has led to a wide discretion and the risk of abuses and corruption. The Italian experience in the emergency public procurement sector highlighted that the recourse to derogations involved several infringements of national and European principles. The most efficient way to react to emergency is to provide in advance the organisational and contractual instruments to define the response to emergencies situations, avoiding undue derogations. Moreover new technologies permit an effective monitoring of the quality of the interventions avoiding waste and assuring the best quality for users, taxpayers and citizens.
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Asgary, Ramin, and Katharine Lawrence. "Evaluating underpinning, complexity and implications of ethical situations in humanitarian operations: qualitative study through the lens of career humanitarian workers." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e039463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039463.
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IntroductionData regarding underpinning and implications of ethical challenges faced by humanitarian workers and their organisations in humanitarian operations are limited.MethodsWe conducted comprehensive, semistructured interviews with 44 experienced humanitarian aid workers, from the field to headquarters, to evaluate and describe ethical conditions in humanitarian situations.Results61% were female; average age was 41.8 years; 500 collective years of humanitarian experience (11.8 average) working with diverse major international non-governmental organisations. Important themes included; allocation schemes and integrity of the humanitarian industry, including resource allocation and fair access to and use of services; staff or organisational competencies and aid quality; humanitarian process and unintended consequences; corruption, diversion, complicity and competing interests, and intentions versus outcomes; professionalism and interpersonal and institutional responses; and exposure to extreme inequities and emotional and moral distress. Related concepts included broader industry context and allocations; decision-making, values, roles and sustainability; resource misuse at programme, government and international agency levels; aid effectiveness and utility versus futility, and negative consequences. Multiple contributing, confounding and contradictory factors were identified, including context complexity and multiple decision-making levels; limited input from beneficiaries of aid; different or competing social constructs, values or sociocultural differences; and shortcomings, impracticality, or competing philosophical theories or ethical frameworks.ConclusionsEthical situations are overarching and often present themselves outside the exclusive scope of moral reasoning, philosophical views, professional codes, ethical or legal frameworks, humanitarian principles or social constructivism. This study helped identify a common instinct to uphold fairness and justice as an underlying drive to maintain humanity through proximity, solidarity, transparency and accountability.
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Setino, Rebecca, and Intaher Marcus Ambe. "Supply chain management practices in state-owned enterprises environment." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4c3art3.
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The South African government’s supply chain management (SCM) system is not adequately implemented in state-owned enterprises (SOEs). There are weaknesses in the SOEs SCM enablers, strategies, policy implementation and poor enforcement of government SCM rules and regulations. This is resulting in governance and compliance failures, waste and fraudulent activities. Also, top management of SOEs still do not see SCM as strategic enough to deserve their attention, and therefore, there is little support from senior management, thus making it even more difficult for SCM practitioners to execute their day-to-day functions, let alone deliver the letter and spirit of the relevant legislation. In most SOEs Senior SCM practitioners have not been involved in the corporate strategy development. This has led to supply chain and organisational strategies being misaligned. The misalignment has resulted in service delivery backlog, high levels of corruption and continuous strikes across the country for better services. Given the massive expenditure and the financial challenges facing government, an effective public-sector SCM becomes a primary requirement. Government leaders should be more strategic around using SCM as a tool to improve service delivery. This article explores supply chain practices in SOEs. It is based on a conceptual review of SCM practices in the South African SOE environment and suggests that the supply chain and organisational strategies of SOEs must be aligned to ensure efficient delivery of public services.
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Vveinhardt, Jolita, and Włodzimierz Sroka. "Nepotism and Favouritism in Polish and Lithuanian Organizations: The Context of Organisational Microclimate." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041425.
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The phenomena of ‘nepotism’ and ‘favouritism’ are frequently observed in contemporary business, being usually associated with corruption in the public sector and the abuse of public resources. The phenomena, however, have an international scale and no country and sector of the economy are free of them. Given these facts, our paper identifies the attitude of Lithuanian and Polish employees to it in the context of revealing the organizational microclimate. Our analysis is done in relation to three basic aspects: a) Sector (public vs. private), b) gender (male vs. female) and c) five different age groups. Our research sample involved 337 respondents (Poland-PL, N = 164 and Lithuania-LT, N = 173) representing public (PL and LT, N = 119) and private (PL and LT, N = 218) sector organizations. A closed-type questionnaire was used in the survey. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by its high psychometric characteristics. Several research methods, including factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman–Brown, factor loading and total item correlation were used in our study. The results show that there are both similarities as well as differences between the organizations analysed. As far as the private vs. public sector is concerned, in Poland, manifestation of nepotism in principal does not differ in private and public organizations, unlike in Lithuanian organizations, where a worse situation is recorded in public sector organizations. In turn, comparing employees’ attitudes by their gender, it was identified that there were more similarities than differences between Poland and Lithuania in four subcategories. Finally, comparing employees’ attitudes by their age, it was identified that the least number of statistically significant differences was identified in two age groups: 18–24 years old and over 51.