Academic literature on the topic 'Organisational corruption'
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Journal articles on the topic "Organisational corruption"
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Arewa, Andrew Oyen, and Peter Farrell. "The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i3.4619.
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The culture of an organisation is a vital element of business competency that must align with its strategic goals, and enhance peoples’ perceptions, feelings and behaviour in adapting to the world around them. Organisational culture may also bring about negative practices such as dishonesty and unethical behaviours. Recently the culture of some construction organisations has been called into question. For example, major construction projects around the globe have become involved in allegations of fraud and corruption. The cost is currently estimated at US$860 billion globally; with forecasts that it may rise to US$1.5 trillion by 2025. Hitherto the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden. The study aim is to establish whether the culture of construction organisations promotes corrupt practices in the UK construction and infrastructure sector. The study employed mixed research methods with interviews supported by a questionnaire and an examination of five case studies in different countries. Findings show that the culture of construction organisations together with the nature of the industry promotes fraud and corruption. The study subsequently highlights key cultural factors that support fraud and corruption in a way that is almost institutionalised.
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Arewa, Andrew Oyen, Andrew Oyen Arewa, and Peter Farrell. "The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption?" Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 3 (August 11, 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i3.4543.
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<p>The culture of an organisation is a vital element of business competency that must align with its strategic goals, and enhance peoples’ perceptions, feelings and behaviour in adapting to the world around them. Organisational culture may also bring about negative practices such as dishonesty and unethical behaviours. Recently the culture of some construction organisations has been called into question. For example, major construction projects around the globe have become involved in allegations of fraud and corruption. The cost is currently estimated at US$860 billion globally; with forecasts that it may rise to US$1.5 trillion by 2025. Hitherto, the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden. The study aim is to establish whether the culture of construction organisations promotes corrupt practices in the UK construction and infrastructure sector. The study employed mixed research methods with qualitative interviews supported by a quantitative questionnaire and examination of five case studies in different countries. Findings show that the culture of construction organisations together with the nature of the industry promotes fraud and corruption. The study subsequently highlighted key cultural factors that support fraud and corruption in a way that is almost institutionalised. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: construction, corruption, culture and organisations</p>
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Moran, Jon. "Anti-Corruption Reforms in the Police: Current Strategies and Issues." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 75, no. 2 (April 2002): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0207500206.
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During the 1990s a number of high-profile corruption cases, involving police officers engaging in serious criminal activity, merged with wider debates on police integrity. This article examines the anti-corruption strategies employed by the Metropolitan Police and Merseyside Police. Some current risk areas of corruption are examined and then the roles of dedicated anti-corruption units, preventive measures and other techniques are discussed. What appears qualitatively different about the current approach of these two services is the internal commitment which is reflected in the operations of a dedicated anti-corruption unit, the development of preventive measures and the recognition that a successful anti-corruption unit should operate in a developing system of overall ‘professional standards’. The latter includes the development of a series of managerial, organisational and procedural systems extending throughout the organisation.
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Goldstraw-White, Janice, and Martin Gill. "Tackling bribery and corruption in the Middle East: perspectives from the front line." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-08-2015-0040.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to see how senior managers in Middle East, an area frequently associated with high levels of bribery and corruption, tackle these in their organisations. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was employed, using interviews with 66 employees responsible for bribery and corruption management in their organisations. The research instrument used included both open and closed questions which allowed participants to expand on their answers. Qualitative data and some descriptive statistics are used to analyse and summarise interview findings. Findings Over the past few decades, governments have tried to control bribery and corruption via legislation. However, this is a contested area and many argue that legislation is an inappropriate mechanism. This paper assesses the implications in one geographical area, the Middle East. As well as exploring current approaches for tackling corruption, it discusses how culture and tradition affect organisational practices. We show that whereas the majority of organisations have been committed to stamping out bribery and corruption, some have been willing to tolerate such illegal behaviours. Originality/value This paper informs academics, policy-makers and those responsible for managing bribery and corruption about the challenges faced by those in the Middle East.
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Cherkasov, Konstantin V. "Anti-corruption at the level of the federal district: organisational and legal aspects (on the example of the Volga Federal District)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2019): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-2-218-221.
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This article analyses the main organisational and legal elements of combating corruption at the level of the federal district in their interrelation and interdependence. As an example, the experience of the Volga Federal District is indicated, which is very revealing for a number of reasons. The most important organisational and legal measures to combat corruption at the level of the federal district, issues of implementation of the state anti-corruption policy at the interregional level of government have been identifi ed. The structural elements of the anti-corruption mechanism in the Volga Federal District, which represent both state and non-state formations, are considered. In the end, it was concluded that the existing organisational and legal mechanism for ensuring the implementation of anti-corruption policy of the state and combating corruption in the Volga Federal District in general corresponds to the pressing problems and tasks in this statesignifi cant area, is optimal and effective. However, this circumstance in no way can act as an obstacle to its further development and improvement. We formulated a proposal to create a Centre for countering corruption of the Volga Federal District.
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Jones, Lorelei, Linda Pomeroy, Glenn Robert, Susan Burnett, Janet E. Anderson, Stephen Morris, Estela Capelas Barbosa, and Naomi J. Fulop. "Explaining organisational responses to a board-level quality improvement intervention: findings from an evaluation in six providers in the English National Health Service." BMJ Quality & Safety 28, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008291.
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BackgroundHealthcare systems worldwide are concerned with strengthening board-level governance of quality. We applied Lozeau, Langley and Denis’ typology (transformation, customisation, loose coupling and corruption) to describe and explain the organisational response to an improvement intervention in six hospital boards in England.MethodsWe conducted fieldwork over a 30-month period as part of an evaluation in six healthcare provider organisations in England. Our data comprised board member interviews (n=54), board meeting observations (24 hours) and relevant documents.ResultsTwo organisations transformed their processes in a way that was consistent with the objectives of the intervention, and one customised the intervention with positive effects. In two further organisations, the intervention was only loosely coupled with organisational processes, and participation in the intervention stopped when it competed with other initiatives. In the final case, the intervention was corrupted to reinforce existing organisational processes (a focus on external regulatory requirements). The organisational response was contingent on the availability of ‘slack’—expressed by participants as the ‘space to think’ and ‘someone to do the doing’—and the presence of a functioning board.ConclusionsUnderperforming organisations, under pressure to improve, have little time or resources to devote to organisation-wide quality improvement initiatives. Our research highlights the need for policy-makers and regulators to extend their focus beyond the choice of intervention, to consider how the chosen intervention will be implemented in public sector hospitals, how this will vary between contexts and with what effects. We provide useful information on the necessary conditions for a board-level quality improvement intervention to have positive effects.
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Hechanova, Ma Regina M., Isabel Melgar, Patrick Z. Falguera, and Mario Villaverde. "Organisational Culture and Workplace Corruption in Government Hospitals." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 8, no. 2 (December 2014): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prp.2014.5.
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This study examines corruption attitudes and norms in government hospitals in the Philippines. It tests a culture-building model that advocates communication of desired values, leadership role modelling, employee role modelling, alignment of systems and structures, training and evaluation, and reinforcement. Results reveal components that influence corruption attitudes and norms. Communication predicted individual attitudes or acceptability of corrupt acts. Leadership, systems, and controls predicted the prevalence of corrupt acts. Employee role modelling predicted both acceptability of and the prevalence of corrupt acts. In addition, there is a positive relationship between individual attitudes and organisation norms reinforcing the dyadic relationship between the two.
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Baba Abugre, James. "Managerial role in organizational CSR: empirical lessons from Ghana." Corporate Governance 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-10-2011-0076.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the managerial role in the practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of an empirical analysis of employees' opinions based on a quantitative survey of 100 middle and senior level managers from four organisations chosen from relatively high impact industry sectors. Findings – Managerial role in the practice of CSR is limited and ineffective in Ghana. Difficulties of effective CSR implementation mainly stem from leadership weak spots in the form of mismanagement and corruption, lack of leadership commitment and unwillingness to allocate monies due for CSR activities. Organisations can do better in the practice of CSR if management's attitude to CSR, corruption, and work behaviors are positive. Practical implications – The paper provides valuable information on managerial activities with regards to organisational CSR, and how these can be improved. Originality/value – Empirical literature on CSR in developing countries is limited. This paper identifies the roles that management and organisational leadership can play in the practice of CSR in developing countries. The paper proposes a universal approach which aims to address the need for adequate and effective enforcement of CSR.
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Lysakov, Andrey Ye. "The content of the factors the organisation of the preliminary investigation bodies in the sphere of economics investigation of corruption crimes." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 3 (2019): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-3-176-180.
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The organisation of the investigation of crimes aimed at achieving concrete results in the important sphere of relations is influenced by both individual factors of internal and external focus, and their combination, at the same time scientific literature analysis gives grounds to state that in most cases the question of the interpretation of the term "factor". It is not considered, or considered fragmented. In connection with this, by analysis of law enforcement and the maintenance of regulations in this area of relationships, as well as through the formal – logical, semantic and other methods, the author revealed, systematised the factors that determine the specificity of the organisation of crime investigation of corruption in the economic sphere, and described in detail some of them. On the basis of a systematic approach by the example of the activities of the investigating authorities propose a theoretical model of the factors the organisation of their work, the inherent organisational-managerial structure of any level the content of which, is a complex system of circumstances that have a significant impact on the maintenance of investigation corruption crimes in the economic sphere. This system consists of four subsystems – the legal, informal (communication), internal (organisational) and external (environmental factors).
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Dartey-Baah, Kwasi. "Goal integration through transformational leadership." Journal of Global Responsibility 7, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-09-2015-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to present a conceptual analysis of how the issue of corruption in Ghana’s public sector can be curbed through an integration of individual (public sector worker) and organisational goals (the public sector itself). It further sought to explain this possibility by focusing on a goal integration process through transformational leadership. Design/methodology/approach To meet this end, the study conducted a review of literature on goal, goal-setting, corruption, employee motivation and transformational leadership to develop a conceptual framework to explain this link between goal integration through transformational leadership and corruption reduction. Findings Findings from this study showed that dissatisfaction with work (especially pay) amongst Ghana’s public sector workers is a major factor necessitating the emergence of corruption in the country. It is also shown in the study that through the transformational leadership approach, individual worker concerns such as concerns with pay (a facet of job satisfaction) when treated as an institutional concern and appropriately dealt with could curb corruption in the public sector. Research limitations/implications Based on these findings, the study recommends that leaders in Ghana’s public sector (both political and administrative) must exhibit qualities of transformational leaders to foster individual and organisational growth as a means to curb corruption in the sector. The study also recommends that training programmes be organised for leaders to equip them with the needed knowledge and practice of transformational leadership. Furthermore, the study recommends that further studies could be done by other researchers on the training programmes that could be useful in equipping these leaders, as well as how and when to organise these programmes. Originality/value The study is novel in that it demonstrates the relevance of integrating individual and organisational goals through the application of the transformational leadership concept as a tool for reducing corruption in Ghana’s public sector.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organisational corruption"
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Ratnasari, Gusti Ayu Indah. "A study of organisational change and corruption." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15604/.
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The link between organisational change and corruption has been largely neglected in the literature, despite myriad studies conducted by researchers in many different fields on both phenomena. To fill the gap, this study provides empirical evidence about the interplay between organisational change and corruption. Case study is employed as a research strategy. The organisational change initiative being studied is the reformation or modernisation of a tax authority. The empirical data include 21 interviews, 21 drawings (from two focus groups), and 10 photographs. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the interviews and visual data. The main finding of this study is that there is interplay between organisational change and corruption, in which change does not only affect corruption, but also that corruption affects organisational change. On one side of the interplay, this study shows that instead of inducing corruption (as suggested in the literature), organisational change can reduce corruption. In addition to literal accounts, metaphors have been used to show that organisational change has reduced the space for corruption, changed employees' involvement in corruption, and shifted the nature of corruption from systemic to individual. However, this finding cannot be separated from the context, i.e., the pre-existed corruption prior to change. This overlooked context explains why the findings of this study are different to the previous studies’. On the other side of the interplay, which has been unexplored, this study contributes by showing that corruption, both pre- and post-change, can affect organisational change (and employees' emotions) positively and negatively. Pre-change corruption can trigger employees' willingness to change. The factors that influence these positive reactions are dissonant feelings, spiritual awareness, and employees’ involuntary involvement in past corruption. The finding also shows that post-change corruption triggers employees’ negative emotions in the form of collective shame, hurt, and injured pride. The use of visual methods in this study has provided an alternative way to study organisational change and, in particular, corruption, which has hitherto been dominated by quantitative methods. It is found that different forms of information are provided by the interviews and visual data. Drawings provide more negative accounts. Perhaps this demonstrates the potential ability of the drawing technique in unveiling such accounts. Other findings show that drawings produced different types of metaphors than those from the interviews. However, as suggested in this study, the use of metaphors is strongly related to context. This finding reinforces the finding mentioned earlier about the important role of context in the study of organisational change management.
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Karp, Jann Ellen. "Corruption and Crisis Control: The Nature of the Game – New South Wales Police Reform 1996–2004." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2185.
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Using the Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service in 1994 as its major case study, this thesis hypothesises that, although this inquiry had a far reaching impact on both the personal and working lives of police officers in the organisation itself, it proved ineffectual in its attempt to control corruption. It argues that corruption, and the subsequent inquiries into this corruption, can be seen to have a cyclic nature and the failure of such inquiries has a long and international history. It contends that the nature of the public inquiry itself can be seen to contribute to the continuation of the cycle of corruption. Clearly, putting an end to corruption requires more than the investigation, public exposure and punishment of a few corrupt police, followed by a generalised tightening of the chain of command. Instead, this thesis demonstrates that the problem is primarily an organisational one and it is important to look at management reforms. This thesis contends that the cycle of corruption involves the nature of police work; the catalyst that triggers the inquiry; the inquiry itself and the issue of the report; and the police and community responses. An examination of all these factors is crucial to understanding the cycle’s dynamics. The final report of the Wood Royal Commission was in 1996 and this thesis specifically analyses the cycle of corruption in relation to the response of the police executive to this inquiry. It shows how the police response focused on the tactical crisis response central to operational policing — in this case appeasing official censure and community fears. As little more than a public relations exercise, senior management strategically addressed the specific recommendations of the report rather than creatively considering the implications exposed during the inquiry. The idea that corruption is a symptom of an ineffective system and not simply a slackening of effective control by senior management was never considered. In the aftermath of the Wood Royal Commission there was much discussion about ‘police culture’ being ‘a culture of corruption’. The forgotten casualties of the inquiry has been individual police officers, many of whom see policing as a vocation. This thesis has allowed many voices to be heard and used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse a wide range of information and data, which included personal interviews with serving police officers and members of external organisations, as well as printed material from Royal Commission Reports, Hansard and other government documents, internal Police Service documents and media reports.It has used Bourdieu’s theoretical approach which allows an analysis of the complex relationships involved between police officers as individuals who operate within the wider networks of a specific organisation and the way the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu’s theory also facilitates analysis of the interactions of this network with the wider community, putting in context the responses of both the police service and the community. The connection with the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu constructs an understanding of the ‘nature of the game’ of policing and the shaping of the individual within police culture, giving insight into the source of moral dilemmas, personal beliefs and personal behaviour. As the current management system of command and control is at the heart of this response, this thesis has also analysed the assumptions inherent in this management philosophy, considering both necessary operational strengths as well as organisational weaknesses. A central theme of the thesis is that open dialogue will reduce the incidence of corruption and risk within policing institutions. This thesis argues that there must be an integrative approach to reform — accountable, active leadership combined with critically constructed practical approaches that tackle the complexity of the dynamics embedded in the ‘nature of the game’ of policing itself.
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Karp, Jann Ellen. "Corruption and Crisis Control: The Nature of the Game – New South Wales Police Reform 1996–2004." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2185.
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Doctor of PhilosophyUsing the Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service in 1994 as its major case study, this thesis hypothesises that, although this inquiry had a far reaching impact on both the personal and working lives of police officers in the organisation itself, it proved ineffectual in its attempt to control corruption. It argues that corruption, and the subsequent inquiries into this corruption, can be seen to have a cyclic nature and the failure of such inquiries has a long and international history. It contends that the nature of the public inquiry itself can be seen to contribute to the continuation of the cycle of corruption. Clearly, putting an end to corruption requires more than the investigation, public exposure and punishment of a few corrupt police, followed by a generalised tightening of the chain of command. Instead, this thesis demonstrates that the problem is primarily an organisational one and it is important to look at management reforms. This thesis contends that the cycle of corruption involves the nature of police work; the catalyst that triggers the inquiry; the inquiry itself and the issue of the report; and the police and community responses. An examination of all these factors is crucial to understanding the cycle’s dynamics. The final report of the Wood Royal Commission was in 1996 and this thesis specifically analyses the cycle of corruption in relation to the response of the police executive to this inquiry. It shows how the police response focused on the tactical crisis response central to operational policing — in this case appeasing official censure and community fears. As little more than a public relations exercise, senior management strategically addressed the specific recommendations of the report rather than creatively considering the implications exposed during the inquiry. The idea that corruption is a symptom of an ineffective system and not simply a slackening of effective control by senior management was never considered. In the aftermath of the Wood Royal Commission there was much discussion about ‘police culture’ being ‘a culture of corruption’. The forgotten casualties of the inquiry has been individual police officers, many of whom see policing as a vocation. This thesis has allowed many voices to be heard and used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse a wide range of information and data, which included personal interviews with serving police officers and members of external organisations, as well as printed material from Royal Commission Reports, Hansard and other government documents, internal Police Service documents and media reports.It has used Bourdieu’s theoretical approach which allows an analysis of the complex relationships involved between police officers as individuals who operate within the wider networks of a specific organisation and the way the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu’s theory also facilitates analysis of the interactions of this network with the wider community, putting in context the responses of both the police service and the community. The connection with the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu constructs an understanding of the ‘nature of the game’ of policing and the shaping of the individual within police culture, giving insight into the source of moral dilemmas, personal beliefs and personal behaviour. As the current management system of command and control is at the heart of this response, this thesis has also analysed the assumptions inherent in this management philosophy, considering both necessary operational strengths as well as organisational weaknesses. A central theme of the thesis is that open dialogue will reduce the incidence of corruption and risk within policing institutions. This thesis argues that there must be an integrative approach to reform — accountable, active leadership combined with critically constructed practical approaches that tackle the complexity of the dynamics embedded in the ‘nature of the game’ of policing itself.
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Humantito, Ide Juang. "Whistle-blowing decisions in responding to organisational corruption in government internal audit units in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/86747/.
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This study examines the whistle-blowing decisions of government internal auditors in response to individual and collective corruption occurring within government internal audit units. An auditor is simultaneously a role-prescribed and non-role-prescribed whistle-blower that may behave hypocritically. On the one hand, auditors may be intolerant of and report any corruption taking place within their audit clients. On the other hand, they may display an unwillingness to blow the whistle on corruption committed by their fellow auditors in which they and the recipients of whistle-blowing information may be a part of or beneficiaries of the wrongdoing. To examine how, why and what factors influence their whistle-blowing decisions, we utilised two approaches: the whistle-blowing intentions through the use of case scenarios and actual wwhistleblowing relying on the self-reported cases. Mixed methods of surveys, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted in seven government internal audit units. Seeing whistle-blowing as a constructive behaviour for the benefit of the organisation involving an ethical dilemma, we integrated the prosocial organisational behaviour and ethical decision-making perspectives of whistle-blowing to develop a three-phases of whistle-blowing decision. In phase 1, the potential whistle-blowers evaluated the wrongfulness and the seriousness of the wrongdoing in accordance with their ethical sensitivity and evaluated the existence of responsibility to act to stop the wrongdoing. In phase 2, they evaluated the organisation responsiveness and the existence of the demoralising situation. In phase 3, they assessed their personal responsibility, identified alternative decisions according to his/her ethical competence, calculated the cost and the benefit of each alternative and decide to blow or not to blow the whistle depended on their ethical perseverance. The study demonstrates that ethical judgement, moderated by the perceived seriousness and organisational commitment, significantly influenced the whistle-blowing intentions. while taking the ethical climate, wrongdoer’s power status and whistle-blower’s job level into consideration. The study found the domination of informal hidden values instead of formal written values and the occurrence of the process of normalisation of corruption that led to the destructive act of silence. They reduced the ethical sensitivity towards the wrongfulness and the seriousness of the corruption, diffused the responsibility to blow the whistle and created the demoralising situation. The organisations were not responsive. The whistle-blowing information was ignored and leaders often promoted an attitude of silent acquiescence by rewarding silent observers. The risk of whistle-blowing appeared greater than the expected benefit of being a submissive silent observer. When whistle-blowing information was eventually received, leaders rectified the problem informally outside of official procedures. The rules were upheld only when there was external pressure on the leaders. Through this, the wrongdoer will feel secure and the whistle-blower will perceive that the act of whistleblowing is not acceptable. The combination of the unwillingness to blow the whistle and the process of the normalisation of organisational corruption may create a vicious cycle of corruption in and by organisations. On the contrary, whistle-blowing occurred when the potential whistle-blowers perceived that the act of whistle-blowing is a constructive behaviour supported by the organisation’s culture and leadership. Whistle-blowing legislation alone may not be sufficient to motivate employees to blow the whistle particularly in Indonesia where in-group collectivism and power distance are relatively high.
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Kakavand, Benyamin. "Corruption at work : a conservation of resources perspective." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD013/document.
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La corruption au travail est une problématique importante, présente au niveau mondial, qui touche à la fois les organisations privées et publiques. Elle est reconnue comme un phénomène coûteux aux conséquences négatives sur divers aspects du développement économique et humain. Étant donné que les actes et le comportement des individus corrompus au travail est un sujet qui n’est pas facile à appréhender pour les gestionnaires, ce travail de recherche vise à explorer le concept de corruption organisationnelle. Dans ce travail, un certain nombre d’éléments ont été pris en compte pouvant prévenir et de contrôler les actes et les comportements des individus corrompus au travail. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (COR) de Hobfoll (1989) pour construire la recherche. La motivation de la corruption est théorisée à travers le modèle COR. Ce cadre propose une corruption au travail appréhendée comme une stratégie de prévention de perte des valeurs de motivation des salariés. Cette recherche étudie l’impact direct de l’impuissance, du sentiment de maîtrise et de justice procédurale et distributive sur la corruption. Dans cette relation est analysé en plus l’effet modérateur de la transparence et du climat d’entraide. Pour cette recherche 575 salariés dans des organisations internationales ont été interrogés. Les résultats démontrent que l'impuissance affecte positivement la corruption et la déviance au travail. Cependant, la justice distributive affecte négativement la corruption au travail. Le sentiment de la maîtrise et la justice procédurale affectent négativement la corruption et la déviance au travail. Cependant, la justice distributive impacte négativement la corruption au travail. Les résultats obtenus valident la plupart de nos principales hypothèses, mais ils suggèrent que l'importance de la nature de la corruption du type de corruption par rapport aux variables de ressourcesWorkplace corruption is a global issue for private and public organizations. It has beenrecognized as a costly phenomenon having negative consequences in various aspects ofeconomic and human development. Since corrupt acts and behaviors of individuals atworkplace are a challenging subject for managers, this doctoral dissertation seeks to exploreorganizational corruption and also to emphasize the importance of organizational corruptionstudy from a managerial perspective. This study provides elements to better understand howto prevent and to control corrupt acts and behaviors at work. The research model isconstructed on the basis of conservation of resources (COR) theory of Hobfoll (1989).Corruption motivation is theorized through COR theory and within this framework, itproposes corruption as a strategy to prevent the perceived loss of valued motivationalresources. Specially, this research investigates the direct impact of powerlessness, sense ofmastery, distributive and procedural justice on workplace corruption. Furthermore, it studiesthe moderating effect of transparency and caring climate on the relationship betweenpowerlessness, sense of mastery, procedural justice, distributive justice, and workplacecorruption. Sample consists of 575 employees from international organizations havecontributed to this research. Results highlight that powerlessness positively, sense of masteryand procedural justice negatively impact on workplace corruption and deviance. However,distributive justice only negatively impacts on workplace corruption. Results mostly validateour principal hypotheses but suggest that the nature of corruption relates to the type ofresources felt threatened
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Bangara, Athena. "The effect of institutions, organisational governance and managerial intentionality on the internationalisation of smaller Indian firms." Monash University. Faculty of Business and Economics. Department of Management, 2008. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/68403.
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Emerging economies and the behaviour of firms domiciled in these markets is beginning to develop as a research area; yet little empirical work exists (Bruton, Ahlstrom, & Obloj, 2008; Hoskisson, Eden, Lau, & Wright, 2000; Meyer & Peng, 2005; Peng, Wang, & Jiang, 2008; Wright, Filatotchev, Hoskisson, & Peng, 2005). An extensive and critical review of the literature revealed that there was limited research that focused on the internationalisation of emerging economy firms to other emerging and developed economies. In order to address this clear gap in our understanding, the broad research problem that this thesis sets out to investigate is ‘how do institutions, organisational governance and managerial intentionality effect the internationalisation of smaller Indian firms’? It is argued that in order for research in strategy to make a lasting contribution, there is a need to contemplate whether the theories and methodologies developed in primarily mature and developed economies are applicable to the emerging economy context (Wright et al., 2005). In addressing this concern, this study draws on institutional theory, transaction cost theory, the resource-based view and aspects of the organisational capabilities perspective in order to understand the internationalisation of smaller Indian firms. In particular, the aim of this research was to understand the effect of institutions (Research Question One), organisational governance (Research Question Two) and the moderating effect of managerial intentionality (Research Question Three) on the internationalisation of smaller Indian firms. India was chosen as the context for the study due to its rapid growth in recent years which places it among the four big emerging economies of the world (Wilson & Purushothaman, 2003). The relatively recent liberalisation of the Indian economy in 1991 provides an interesting context within which to study the internationalisation behaviour of firms. Prior to its liberalisation India adopted what was known as an inward-focused, socialist-style, economic framework (Wilson & Keim, 2006). The liberalisation of the Indian economy has increased the country’s trade linkages with other emerging and developed countries, yet little research has been conducted on the internationalisation of Indian firms (Peng et al., 2008; Wright et al., 2005). Further, India’s linguistic distance but geographic closeness to emerging markets, yet western Commonwealth past and geographic distance to developed markets makes it a unique context. The research methodology adopted in this study entailed a qualitative design conducted through multiple case studies. The case study firms comprised four smaller manufacturing and four smaller service firms. Cases for the study were selected theoretically (Eisenhardt, 1989) using intensity sampling, snowball sampling, criterion sampling and opportunistic sampling techniques (Patton, 1990). To determine the size of the firms, the definition proposed by the Government of India was used. One key growth region in India was chosen due to the institutional diversity in India. Bangalore was chosen as it is considered a high growth region of the country that is well reputed for its service sector, as well as a competitive manufacturing sector (Ahya, Xie, Roach, Sheth, & Yam, 2006). The adoption of a multiple case study design facilitated an aggregated cross-case analysis. The data was collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with senior management in the selected case study firms. In addition, documentary evidence was collected through newspaper articles, information from trade journals and information from the company websites. The interviews were guided by an interview protocol and a case study database was created for each firm in order to increase the reliability and validity of the data. The data was coded using NVivo (version 7) and analysed using the ‘template approach’ (Crabtree & Miller, 1999). To date, literature originating out of mature markets has regarded institutions as background information due to the stability and maturity of institutions in these markets (Ingram & Silverman, 2002). However, when studied in an emerging market context, the role of institutions is argued to be pushed to the forefront of strategy research due to its relative underdevelopment (Meyer & Peng, 2005). This study used Scott’s (1995) three institutional pillars (regulative, normative and cognitive) to gain an institution-based view of the business strategies pursued by the smaller Indian firms (Peng et al., 2008). The findings highlighted regulatory institutional influences at the home country, host country and trade policy levels. The findings from this study shed light on the notion of institutional entrepreneurship, thereby extending institutional theory to take into account the strategic behaviour of firms. The findings further emphasised the need to gain legitimacy in international markets as a means to gain access to resources and overcome the liabilities of foreignness and newness. In doing so, the findings from this study extended Mathews’ (2006) ‘linkage, leverage and learning’ strategy to a ‘linkage, leverage, learning and legitimising’ strategy. Next, the findings from Research Question One extended the U-Model of internationalisation to highlight the importance of domestic market experience when gained in an institutionally complex market such as India. Finally, the findings highlighted the interaction between the path-dependent experience of the founders and the various dimensions of their managerial intentionality in managing the institutional influences on the firm. In studying organisational governance decisions (Research Question Two), transaction cost theory was used as the key conceptual perspective. This study used Williamson’s (1975) governance continuum to understand the organisational governance decisions of smaller Indian firms. Interestingly, the findings emphasised a move away from the narrow comparative-efficiency framework developed by Williamson (1975), towards a more eclectic understanding of the effect of transaction costs. The findings highlighted the choice of governance modes not as discrete designs, but as those that overlap as a result of being influenced by institutions, the experience of the firm with a particular mode, the propensity to trust, the constraints on firm behaviour, the managerial intentionality of the founders and the need to gain local knowledge from network partners. In adopting this broader perspective, the findings addressed the call by Madhok (1997) to understand the choice of governance modes from more than a cost minimisation perspective. Hutzschenreuter, Pedersen and Volberda (2007) suggested that the role of managerial discretion to date is downplayed in existing IB literature and hence called for research to focus on the role of managerial intent in the strategies of established multinationals rather than on the process of ‘becoming a multinational’. Research Question Three highlighted the moderating effect of managerial intentionality in managing the institutional influences and governance decisions of the firm. This study extended Hutzschenreuter et al.’s (2007) conceptualisation of managerial intentionality by emphasising the resilience as well as the reluctance of the founders (due to past experiences) as important in the emerging economy context. This study has practical implications for the case study firms as well as for potential entrants into India. Firstly, for the case study firms it is important to develop clear internationalisation strategies (as opposed to a reactive approach) due to the increasing competition both locally and internationally. Second, for the manufacturing firms, it is important to move beyond their pure low cost advantage. Partnering with other companies to leverage their resources and capabilities in international markets is one possibility. Third, for these firms to remain globally competitive, the sourcing of international talent is likely to increase their legitimacy and reduce their liability of foreignness. Finally, the continued liberalisation of the Indian economy has made it an attractive destination for foreign firms. While the case study companies have recognised the opportunities overseas, they should not ignore their domestic market where they enjoy a ‘home court advantage’. For potential entrants into India, it is important to recognise the potential competitive advantage that local incumbents have with regard to the environment. Second, foreign firms entering India and competing with smaller players need to understand the subtleties of the market and tailor their strategies to meet local needs. Finally, while this study has made contributions to the field, the findings must be interpreted in light of the limitations of the study. First, this study focused on one key big emerging market; India. Further, within India only one key region was examined. The findings reflect the business strategies by firms domiciled in Bangalore. Hence future studies could extend this research to other emerging markets and other regions of India to gain a more detailed perspective. Second, given the qualitative nature of the study, only analytical generalisations can be made. However, these insights can provide a basis for future researchers to develop quantitative measures to test the inferences drawn. Finally, this study was cross sectional in nature. In order to gain a more detailed analysis on the effect of institutions, future researchers may consider a longitudinal design to capture the institutional transitions over time.
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Sachet-Milliat, Anne. "La corruption dans les organisations." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090038.
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Lennerfors, Thomas Taro. "The Vicissitudes of Corruption : Degeneration - transgression - jouissance." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4601.
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In a time when corruption is receiving increasing media coverage and when many claim to wage a war on corruption, this book brings up the need for a problematisation and an increased understanding of the different manifestations – the vicissitudes – of corruption and also what measures are taken against it. The book advances the claim that corruption is tightly related to modernity and particularly to a transgression of the public / private dichotomy. It furthermore explores ancient, postmodern and psychoanalytic critiques of the modern understanding of corruption. The ancient perspective stems from theorists arguing that there is an ancient core meaning of corruption, i.e. degeneration. This perspective is also informed by a discussion about virtues based on Alasdair MacIntyre. The postmodern perspective is based on Zygmunt Bauman. It is held that corruption is the remnant of the classification of the world into the public and the private, caused by the inherent ambiguity of reality. The psychoanalytic perspective, based on Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Žižek, deepens the analysis and relates corruption to stolen enjoyment – jouissance. These different understandings of corruption are used to analyse primarily bribery in Swedish public sector procurement. In interviews, project managers responsible for public procurement give their account not only of bribes and gifts, but also about partiality and objectivity in supplier evaluations. Using these interviews and theoretical perspectives, the book problematises corruption and investigates how it is addressed and externalised with clear rules, virtues and rituals separating the public role from the private .QC 20100512
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Edenmo, Sandmark Klara. "Reputation vs. Counter-Corruption : A case study on how means of financing affect aid organisations’ response to corruption allegations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444021.
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This study aims to investigate how aid organisations with different means of financing respond to corruption allegations, and how the perceived risk of reputational loss affects that response. The method used to answer the research question was a collective case study where three different aid organisations, Oxfam GB, UNDP and SIDA, which all have different funding mechanisms, were compared in their response to corruption allegations - before and after the public gained knowledge of those allegations. The analysis shows that there is a difference in the response to corruption allegations between the cases, namely that Oxfam GB and UNDP developed their response to a large extent when the public learnt of the allegations, SIDA on the other hand did not change their response at all. However, donor pressure seems to be more important for this induced change rather than the perceived risk of reputational loss.
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Genevois, Antoine. "L' efficacité internationale des droits anti-corruption." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010275.
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La corruption internationale est l'un des principaux fléaux modernes de la mondialisation. Pour lutter contre ce phénomène sur le plan transnational, de nombreuses organisations internationales (OCDE, ONU, Conseil de l'Europe, Union européenne. . . ) ont entrepris et adopté des conventions préconisant l'adoption de textes d'incriminations propres à la corruption internationale, et de mécanismes permettant tout à la fois de faciliter la détection et la poursuite des comportements interdits. De même des organismes de financement internationaux ont adopté des stratégies anti-corruption. Cependant, l'efficacité de l'ensemble de ces initiatives à court terme semble aléatoire du fait notamment de la rupture d'égalité entre pays et de l'inefficience des textes de transposition au regard de la grande diversité des comportements corrupteurs à réprimer. Ainsi, les risques encourus selon les pays divergent trop sensiblement et vont probablement rapidement remettre en cause la volonté des autorités nationales de pénaliser leurs propres entreprises. Dés lors, et dans la mesure où les voies du droit pénal supranational ou de la requalification du comportement corrupteur en comportement anti-économique restent aujourd'hui théoriques, seule la société civile peut apporter à court terme et pour le moment une réponse efficace à la lutte contre les comportements corrupteurs transnationaux.
Books on the topic "Organisational corruption"
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Civil Society Organisations and Corruption Workshop (2001 Mandel Training Centre). Civil society organisations and corruption. Harare]: Transparency International Zimbabwe, 2001.
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Blaug, Ricardo. How power corrupts: Cognition and democracy in organisations. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
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vander, Beken T., Ruyver B. de, and Siron Nathalie, eds. The organisation of the fight against corruption in the member states and candidate countries of the European Union. Antwerpen: Maklu, 2001.
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Korruptionsbekämpfung als globale Herausforderung: Beiträge aus Praxis und Wissenschaft. Wiesbaden: VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011.
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Suriano, Alba Rosa. al-Farāfīr. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-240-6.
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Based on the Hegelian dialectic of the servant-master, this comedy represents, with the sarcasm and irony typical of its author, a profound reflection on the relationships between human beings. Starting from the local, with a pungent criticism on the social and political condition of Egypt in the Sixties, the two protagonists Farfūr and the Master guide and involve the spectator in a consideration on humanity and on the meaning of life that reaches universality. Divided into two acts, the comedy has no precise indications about time and space, which is confused with the time of representation, also thanks to the involvement of actors who are among the spectators. Discussing each other on names, trades and interpersonal relationships, the two protagonists criticise corruption, poor management of public health, social inequalities, but also the intellectual class that fails to give answers to people’s practical needs. The division in two of human society is even more evident with the second act, when the author’s reflection moves towards the existing organisational and economic systems, dismantling the complexity and reducing them again to a mere servant-master relationship. The other characters of the play are functional to the discourse of Idrīs: wives and children, spectators-actors and especially the figure of the author, who gradually disappears and abandons his own creatures to their fate.
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Harmonising anti-corruption compliance: The OECD good practice guidance 2010. Zürich: Dike, 2011.
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"Politikbewertung" als Handlungsform internationaler Institutionen: Das Beispiel der Korruptionsbekämpfung der OECD. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2012.
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Los demonios del sindicalismo Mexicano. México, D.F: Aguilar, 2015.
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Donateurs, si vous saviez: Du Téléthon aux Restos du coeur, enquête dans les coulisses des associations. Rennes: B. Gobin, 2009.
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de Cooker, Chris, ed. Governance: International Organisations adapting to changing environments. The International Institute of Administrative Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46996/pgs.v4e1.
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The contributions in this book illustrate how international organisations have adapted their governance to changing environments. The book starts with setting a theoretical framework followed by an analysis of the dynamics of change and often the resistance to change. The international community has, moreover, over the last decades created new types of international organisations, which requires reflection on the concept of international organisations itself. But in general existing organisations over time adjusted to new circumstances. Many organisations were in fact created to bring about change in the world, such as eradicating diseases, eliminating hunger, alleviate poverty, etc. But purposes and structures must move with the times. Many new member States joined world-wide organisations following the decolonisation process. Integration processes, such as in the European Union attracted more member States. Particularly European organisations had to review their membership or cooperation schemes with Central and Eastern European countries following the collapse of communism there. The requirement of more accountability and transparency entailed, especially in the financial institutions, the creation of reporting mechanisms for fraud or corruption, but also for submitting claims or grievances by private citizens or companies. It also led to the transformation of one non-governmental organisation into a public international organisation, etc. The case studies written by experts in their respective fields provide detailed analysis and inside information.
Book chapters on the topic "Organisational corruption"
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Brooks, Graham, David Walsh, Chris Lewis, and Hakkyong Kim. "Is All Corruption Bad? Understanding Individual and Organisational Vested Self-Interest." In Preventing Corruption, 151–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137023865_10.
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Mitra, Subrata, Elizangela Valarini, and Markus Pohlmann. "Organisational Wrongdoing in Cross-National Perspective: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory." In Political Corruption and Organizational Crime, 1–15. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34374-3_1.
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García Portilla, Jason. "Culture, Religion, and Corruption/Prosperity (A), (B), (C), (1), (2)." In “Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”, 133–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_10.
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AbstractThis chapter characterises the relations between culture, religion, and corruption/prosperity. It advances the explanations of the prosperity–religion nexus from the perspective of cultural attributes (e.g. trust, individualism, familialism) by comparing Roman Catholic and Protestant theologies.Protestant denominations have mostly relinquished their founding principles, while “Rome never changes” as per the Italian saying. Despite the progress after Vatican II, Roman Catholicism has not markedly altered its beliefs and practices or its institutional founding principles (i.e. Canon Law) since medieval times. The political repercussions of an ecumenism in “Rome terms” are beyond its theological or religious implications.Liberation theology urged the Latin American Roman Church to break away from its imperialist origins and favouritism for landlords, industrialists, and power elites. However, liberation theology never became the mainstream or hegemonic Catholic theology in Latin America.Distinct Protestant theologies and organisational forms have led to distinct outcomes. New forms of Protestantism (i.e. Pentecostalism) placing less emphasis on education are less likely to have a positive social impact than previous (historical) Protestant versions. Some Protestant denominations still adhere to intertextual historicist biblical interpretation and hold the belief that the papacy continues to be “Satan’s synagogue” today.The heavily criticised Prosperity Gospel (PG) movement has syncretic roots in Pentecostalism, New Thought, and African American religion, and is composed mainly of the middle classes and blacks.While syncretism has been a natural process in all religions, Jews and historical Protestants have tended to be more anti-syncretic given their Scriptural base of beliefs. In turn, the importance of traditions, in Roman Catholicism for instance, has led to include more non-orthodox rituals in its practice.
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Brooks, Graham, David Walsh, Chris Lewis, and Hakkyong Kim. "Private Organisations as an Extension of Government Power." In Preventing Corruption, 133–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137023865_9.
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Miller, Seumas. "Integrity Systems for Police Organisations." In Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Policing—Philosophical and Ethical Issues, 53–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46991-1_4.
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Campbell, Liz. "The organisation of corruption in commercial enterprise." In Corruption in Commercial Enterprise, 82–98. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315105796-6.
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Harber, Clive. "School as an Organisation: Compulsion, Control and Corruption." In Post-Covid Schooling, 37–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87824-5_2.
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Wall, David S. "Internet Mafias? The Dis-Organisation of Crime on the Internet." In Organized Crime, Corruption and Crime Prevention, 227–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01839-3_26.
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Smith, Duncan. "Warning Signs (or Red Flags) of Fraud and Corruption in Procurement." In Promoting Integrity in the Work of International Organisations, 103–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73916-4_10.
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Friedländer, Benjamin, and Christina Schaefer. "Co-production of Public Goods in Shrinking Rural Regions in Germany." In New perspectives in the co-production of public policies, public services and common goods, 125–42. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.css3chap6.
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Private sector leads the production and distribution process in many countries. However, Public Owned Enterprises (POEs) are also an important element of many developing and developed economies in this context. This analysis examines the main legal organisation forms of public owned enterprises and their financial performance. It also briefly analyses the national legislation and regulation on corruption prevention mechanisms and policy measures and anticorruption practices in public owned enterprises. Almost half of public owned enterprises in North Macedonia are working with losses and have the highest maturity and unpaid liabilities in the last five years. Public owned enterprises can either contribute or obstruct the competitiveness of the economy depending on their efficiency and productivity. This sector needs to be transparent to provide competing enterprises with a fair overview of the fundamental market conditions.
Conference papers on the topic "Organisational corruption"
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Fedran, Jasna, Branko Ažman, Matevž Bren, and Bojan Dobovšek. "Organisational Integrity: An Important Stronghold against Corruption." In Twelfth Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe: From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy–making. University of Maribor Pres, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-174-2.35.
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Parsons, Danny, Roger Stern, and David Stern. "A problem-solving course in statistics for mathematical science students." In Decision Making Based on Data. International Association for Statistical Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.19413.
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A “Statistics Problem-Solving” course has been designed for the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) and given to 47 students on a Mathematical Sciences MSc in Cameroon. The course exposed students to problems in statistics ranging from design, collection, manipulation and organisation of data through to analysis and reporting through games and simulated and real data. Students also worked in groups to explore and report on a specific problem. These included climate for agriculture, procurement for corruption, a poverty survey and 5 other topics. The students’ evaluations confirmed that the course was an “eye opener” with some students stating a new-found interest despite no previous background in statistics. For others, it was totally different to their past statistics courses. This paper presents this statistics problem-solving course, which was designed to excite and engage students through experiential learning.
Reports on the topic "Organisational corruption"
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Alternative Systems for Managing Financial Transactions in Humanitarian Crises. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.136.
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Restrictions on the banking sector are having a growing adverse impact on the flow of funds to humanitarian agencies and assisting communities affected by humanitarian crises has also become much more difficult and costly. Delays, refusals of transactions by financial institutions and outright bank account closures worsen humanitarian crises by delaying aid distribution response times. The inability to channel funds and critical financial services into countries in humanitarian crisis prevents life-saving humanitarian assistance from reaching those who need it most. The absence of legal transfer channels means the financing vacuum is often filled by illicit means, which can facilitate the spread of crime and corruption (ODI, 2021). Humanitarian organisations have turned to a variety of transaction channels due to disruptions in legitimate transfer mechanisms. Without these alternative money transfer channels humanitarian organisations have been unable to run some parts of their programming. These alternatives means of obtaining funds requires humanitarian organisations to enter into less regulated financial agreements that are not subject to international standards.
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Haider, Huma. Political Settlements: The Case of Moldova. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.065.
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The new elite in post-1991 independent Moldova gradually captured state institutions, while internal drivers of reforms have generally been weak. Civil society has had limited effectiveness; and the media is largely dominated by political and business circles (BTI, 2022). The Moldovan diaspora has emerged in recent years, however, as a powerful driver of reform. In addition, new political parties and politicians have in recent years focused on common social and economic problems, rather than exploiting identity and geopolitical cleavages. These two developments played a crucial role in the transformative changes in the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2020 and 2021, respectively.1 The new Moldovan leadership has experienced many challenges, however, in achieving justice and anti-corruption reforms—the primary components of their electoral platform—due to the persistence of rent-seeking and corruption in the justice sector (Minzarari, 2022). This rapid review examines literature—primarily academic and non-governmental organisation (NGO)-based—in relation to the political settlement of Moldova. It provides an overview of the political settlement framework and the political history of Moldova. It then draws on the literature to explore aspects of the social foundation and the power configuration in Moldova; and implications for governance and inclusive development. The report concludes with recommendations for government, domestic reformers, Moldovan society, and donors for improving inclusive governance and development in Moldova, identified throughout the literature. This report does not cover political settlement in relation to Transnistria.
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Rocha, Camila. The New Brazilian Right and the Public Sphere. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/rocha.2021.32.
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This paper traces the origins of the New Brazilian Right, regarding the emergence of new leaders, new forms of expression and organization, as well as new sets of ideas, namely libertarianism and anti-globalism. Based on more than thirty in-depth interviews, conducted between 2015 and 2019 with right-wing leaders and activists; on a collection of historical data from right-wing organisations’ archives between 2015 and 2018, and on public data, I argue that this phenomenon started in the mid-2000s, after the onset of a corruption scandal related to the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) and the dissemination of the pioneering social network Orkut in Brazil. This social network, founded in 2004, preceded Facebook’s popularity in Brazil and enabled the creation of alternative and disruptive spaces of debate, referred to here as “counterpublics”. By mid- to late 2010s, during the 2014 protests for the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and Jair Bolsonaro’s 2018 presidential campaign, this emerging new right would be at full throttle.
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Broadberry, Stephen, Nicholas Crafts, Leigh Gardner, Rocco Macchiavello, Anandi Mani, and Christopher Woodruff. Unlocking Development: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Mark Harrison. The Social Market Foundation, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-904899-98-3.
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The world’s poor are ‘trapped’ in poverty. How can we unlock development so that poor countries can sustain economic growth over long periods of time? Our report considers this problem on three levels, the national economy, the private sector, and citizenship. At the core of each chapter is new research by CAGE members and associates. Chapter 1 addresses the factors underlying sustainable growth of the national economy. Chapter 2 looks for the sources of business capacity and sustainable growth of the private sector. Chapter 3 links citizenship to economic development, showing how political voice can enable women to participate more freely in society and the economy. In all three chapters we show how economic development relies on the rule of law, including a framework of laws and their enforcement that is applied to all and accessible by all. We show how, without such a framework, the sustainable growth of national economies and their businesses is threatened when laws fail to resolve conflicts. This failure is often accompanied by corruption or violence. So, we discuss what can be done to promote the rule of law; to make economic growth more stable and sustainable; to enhance the capacity of business organisations that are most likely to attract, grow and create jobs; and to enable women to play a full part in economic development as citizens, providers, and entrepreneurs. Foreword by Frances Cairncross; Introduced by Nicholas Crafts.
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Quak, Evert-jan. Russia’s Approach to Civilians in the Territories it Controls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.041.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the approach used by the Russian government to provide any support or services to civilians in the territories it controls. The rapid review concludes that Russia provides economic, social, government, and military support to de facto states that it controls, such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria and the Donbas region. Russia covers large parts of the state’s budget of these separatist regions. This review uses the term aid referring to a wide range of support, such as humanitarian, social safety nets, basic services, infrastructure, state development, and security. Due to the lack of transparency on the Russian aid money that flows into the regions that are the subject of this review, it is impossible to show disaggregated data, but rather a broader overview of Russian aid to these regions. Russia used humanitarian aid and assistance to provide for civilians. During armed conflict it provided, to some extent, food, and medicines to the people. However, from the literature Russia has used humanitarian aid and assistance as an instrument to pursue broader policy goals that could not be defined as humanitarian in nature. Russia often relied on the language of humanitarianism to strengthen its credentials as a neutral and impartial actor and to justify its continued support for the residents and de facto authorities of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, to secure its aim to strengthen the political and social ties with these regions while weakening their allegiance to Georgia and Moldova. As the humanitarian activities to the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine demonstrate, the Russian state is not willing to allow scrutiny of their humanitarian aid by independent organisations. Mistrust, corruption, and the use of aid for propaganda, even smuggling arms into the separatist region, are commonly mentioned by trusted sources. After a conflict becomes more stabilised, Russia’s humanitarian aid becomes more of a long-term strategic “friendship”, often sealed in a treaty to integrate the region into the Russian sphere, such as the cases of South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Transnistria clearly show. Although all these separatist regions rely on Russia (economically, politically, and through Russia’s military presence), this does not mean that they always do exactly what Russia wants, which is particularly the case for Abkhazia and Transnistria.