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Laing, Rachael, Sandra C. Thompson, Shandell Elmer, and Rohan L. Rasiah. "Fostering Health Literacy Responsiveness in a Remote Primary Health Care Setting: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082730.
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Primary healthcare organisations have an important role in addressing health literacy as this is a barrier to accessing and utilising health care. Until recently, no organisational development tool operationalising health literacy in an Australian context existed. This research evaluated the efficacy of the Organisational Health Literacy Responsiveness (Org-HLR) tool and associated assessment process in a primary healthcare organisation in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. This study utilised a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design incorporating the collection and analysis of data in two phases: (1) Pre- and post-survey data and; (2) seven semi-structured interviews. Survey results showed that participants’ confidence in core health literacy concepts improved from baseline following the intervention. Analysis of the interview data revealed participants’ initial understanding of health literacy was limited, and this impeded organisational responsiveness to health literacy needs. Participants reported the workshop and tool content were relevant to their organisation; they valued involving members from all parts of the organisation and having an external facilitator to ensure the impartiality of the process. External barriers to improving their internal organisational health literacy responsiveness were identified, with participants acknowledging the management style and culture of open communication within the organisation as enablers of change. Participants identified actionable changes to improve their organisational health literacy responsiveness using the process of organisational assessment and change.
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OWENS, JONATHAN. "AN EVALUATION OF ORGANISATIONAL GROUNDWORK AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Enterprising Culture 12, no. 04 (December 2004): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495804000166.
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This paper discusses New Product Development (NPD) Process and the perception required for effective NPD Learning (NPDL). A model of learning for NPD organisations is presented and the necessity to assess progression towards learning objectives at the individual, job and organisation level is shown. Three aspects of organisational groundwork are identified and discussed. These include developing the NPD process, implementing the NPD strategy and allocating resources for NPD and NPDL. Ten sets of learning objectives are identified and discussed. These are organisational analysis, barrier demolition, team working, flexible problem solving, use of advanced support tools, facilitating communication, maintaining communication, decision making, assessment of the NPD process and NPDL, and NPD risk analysis. It is proposed that adopting both an organisational needs analysis and individual needs analyses can support the development of NPD organisations. These analyses will identify the groundwork that should be undertaken by the organisation and the initial learning objectives for the individuals. The progression of NPD through the NPD process can then be assessed and implemented sufficiently.
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SERRAT, RODRIGO, ANDREA PETRIWSKYJ, FELICIANO VILLAR, and JENI WARBURTON. "Barriers to the retention of older participants in political organisations: evidence from Spain." Ageing and Society 37, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 581–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15001361.
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ABSTRACTIt has been argued that older people's civic engagement has benefits for both individuals themselves and the community more broadly. Removing barriers to participation is, therefore, essential. However, the multi-dimensional nature of civic participation, as well as the different issues raised by recruitment and retention, complicate this. This study explores the barriers to retention of Spanish older people in political organisations, as one important type of participation that has received little attention in the literature to date. A total of 192 people aged 65 and over and actively engaged in three kinds of political organisation participated in this study. Participants answered an open-ended question regarding perceived barriers to continued involvement. Results show a range of reasons for potential future disengagement from political organisations. These barriers fit into three overarching categories related to changes in means, motives or the opportunity context for participation. Means-related barriers were by far the most frequently identified type of barrier. Both the type of organisation and some socio-demographic and participatory characteristics have an impact on the reasons respondents indicated they may potentially stop participating in future. Results suggest the necessity of a more nuanced and multi-faceted approach to understanding barriers to participation. Particularly, the development of retention strategies by political organisations should take into account the specific characteristics of the individuals and organisations they are targeting.
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A. Bouwstra, F. E. R. Dubbelaar, G., J. "The Lipid Organisation in the Skin Barrier." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 80 (May 10, 2000): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000155500750042826.
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Shokri-Ghasabeh, Morteza, and Nicholas Chileshe. "Knowledge management." Construction Innovation 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2014): 108–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2013-0026.
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Purpose – A research study has been undertaken at the University of South Australia to introduce application of lessons learned process in construction contractors ' bidding process in the context of knowledge management. The study aims to identify barriers to effectively capture lessons learned in Australian construction industry and how knowledge management can benefit from lessons learned application. Design/methodology/approach – The research study has been undertaken through conducting a “methodological triangulation” and “interdisciplinary triangulation”. This involved an extensive literature review of knowledge management, organisation learning, lessons learned and associated processes and administration of a questionnaire to a sample of construction contractors operating in Australia to elicit opinions on the main barriers to capturing lessons learned, practices such as existence and retention of documentation procedures. A total of 81 useable responses were received from 450 organisations. Response data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics with correlation analysis to examine the strength of relationship among the barriers. Findings – The top-3 barriers to the effective capturing of lessons learned were “lack of employee time”, “lack of resources” and “lack of clear guidelines”, whereas, “lack of management support” was the least ranked barrier. The study established that despite the majority of the ACCs having formal procedures for recording the tenders submitted and their outcomes, only a minority actually retained the lessons learned documentation for each project. The larger contractors were found to be more aware of the importance of lessons learned documentation. A comparative analysis with previous studies also found a disparity in the ranking of the barriers. Research limitations/implications – The majority of the participants were small construction contractors in Australia. The reason is that the researchers were not aware of the contractors ' size prior to inviting them for participation in the research study. Second the findings may not generalize to other industries or to organisations operating in other countries. Originality/value – The findings of this survey help ACCs to understand the importance of lessons learned documentation as part of lessons learned implementation and identify the barriers to effectively document their lessons learned. The study provides insights on the barriers and proposes advocated solutions in form of drivers and enablers (critical success factors) of organisational learning capturing among the Australian construction contractors. By reviewing the current literature, “post-project reviews” and “lessons learned” as important elements of organisation learning knowledge transfer, are addressed. Finally, contribution of this study to knowledge and practice has been discussed in this paper.
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Shamsudheen, Shinaj Valangattil, and Saiful Azhar Rosly. "The impact of situational factors on ethical choice." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 6 (January 2, 2020): 1191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-03-2018-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use Ferrell and Gresham (1985) contingency model to examine the impact of situational factors on decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of Islamic banking practitioners. Design/methodology/approach A total of 262 samples are collected from Islamic banking practitioners in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and data analysis is conducted using structural equation modelling (SEM) with a confirmatory approach. Findings The empirical findings indicate that decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of Islamic banking practitioners is significantly influenced in the process of interacting with persons who are part of the organisation, and these influences are determined by the intra-organisational distance and legitimate authority between the individuals and the focal person. Further, it is also empirically verified that decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of Islamic banking practitioners is significantly influenced by the presence and/or absence of the opportunity factors such as corporate policies, professional codes of ethics and rewards/punishment system that prevails in the organisation. Research limitations/implications Coverage of respondents in this study limited to single country, and the scope is limited to the model that adopted in the study. Practical implications It is recommended that respective authorities should have proper control over situational factors (i.e. significant others and opportunity factors) in organisations by encouraging ethical actions so that individuals are learned and influenced by each other and reviewing and improving existing corporate policies, professional codes of ethics and rewards/punishment system that limit the barrier and provide recompenses to the individuals in the organisation. Originality/value While the literature has presented the connection between ethics and Islamic banking, they failed to address ethical decision-making in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). Hence, the empirical findings provide insights towards understanding organisational decision-making behaviour that to enhance governance.
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Dwyer, Judith, Kim O'Donnell, Eileen Willis, and Janet Kelly. "Equitable Care for Indigenous People: every health service can do it." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v11i3.143.
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Problem and its context: Indigenous peoples in many countries suffer poorer health and poorer access to good healthcare than their non-Indigenous counterparts. In Australia, enduring barriers to good health and good healthcare remain, in spite of long-standing policy priorities. These barriers include the ongoing reality of colonisation, and silence about its implications. People working in and using the health system need to relate across cultures, but they approach this endeavour witha complex mixture of goodwill, defensiveness, guilt and anxiety.
Methods: We analysed what is known in Australia about differentials in access to good care, and the underlying factors that entrench them, as well as strategies for developing mainstream competence in care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients and communities.
Analysis and Conclusions: The available evidence of differentials in access and quality that are not explained by clinical or demographic variables is unequivocal. Official policy needs to be implemented at the system and organisation level through operational policies, programs and protocols, and through relationships with Aboriginal healthcare providers and community organisations. The concept of racism anxiety provides a way of making one important barrier visible, and moving beyond it can enable people of goodwill to ‘see’ where change is needed, and to see themselves as part of the solution. It is time to get beyond the barriers and attend to practical improvements in care, focused on the care system, not simply on the skills and knowledge of individuals within it.
Abbreviations: ACCHO – Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation; CC – Cultural Competence.
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Vejaratnam, Navarani, Zeeda Fatimah Mohamad, and Santha Chenayah. "A systematic review of barriers impeding the implementation of government green procurement." Journal of Public Procurement 20, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 451–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-02-2020-0013.
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Purpose Government green procurement (GGP) is becoming a popular environmental policy instrument to spur the economy whilst protecting the environment. However, the implementation of GGP is impeded by various barriers. This paper aims to analyse the existing literature on barriers impeding GGP. Design/methodology/approach This systematic literature review was guided by the PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) review method. A total of 29 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases were selected for the review. Findings Five themes, i.e. finance, legal, people, knowledge and organisation, emerged from this review, which further produced 16 sub-themes. Lack of knowledge and awareness were the major barriers for GGP, while financial constraint was not the major barrier for GGP, as previously perceived. Barriers related to organisation were the most complex. Certain barriers were found more in developed or developing countries. Research limitations/implications Only article journals with empirical data were selected. Review articles, book series, books, chapters in books and conference proceedings were excluded. Practical implications Public managers should place highest priority to enhance knowledge and awareness of procurers on GGP. Other important initiatives to be undertaken include emulating best practices, implementing change management and incentivising suppliers to tackle the prevalent barriers of GGP. Finally, with increasing evidences on barriers related to GGP, public managers should consider mapping and analysing specific barriers hindering GGP in their organisation/country. Social implications A less challenging and efficient implementation of GGP contributes to a cleaner environment. Originality/value This article will be the first to systematically review the barriers of GGP.
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Bailey, Ruth, Karen Lowton, and Sasha Scambler. "Threats to embodied well-being: An exploration of how disabled people negotiate barriers in hospital settings." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 5 (January 3, 2019): 535–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318820097.
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Taking a social model of disability approach, this article explores how disabled people negotiate barriers in the large, modern hospital settings typically found in complex healthcare systems. While there is evidence of intractable barriers in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service, little is known about the actions disabled people take in the face of barriers and the immediate effects of doing so. Analysis of data from a qualitative study of disabled people’s healthcare encounters is presented. This draws on the concept of threats to embodied well-being to understand how disabled people perceive barriers and the influence this perception has on barrier negotiation. It demonstrates that some barriers are unique to healthcare and that these place disabled people in situations where their well-being is threatened. Despite these situations being inherently disempowering, disabled people are forced to take whatever action they can to protect the embodied self. We theorise that barriers are created inadvertently by the design, organisation and healthcare practices characteristics of modern hospital settings. Effective barrier removal requires understanding not only their impact on disabled people’s embodied well-being, but also the political, policy and social relations implicated in their creation.
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Rohajawati, Siti, Dana Indra Sensuse, Yudho Giri Sucahyo, and Aniati Murni Arymurthy. "Mental health knowledge management: critical success factors and strategy of implementation." Journal of Knowledge Management 20, no. 5 (September 12, 2016): 980–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-10-2015-0378.
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Purpose This paper aims to recommend implementation of the knowledge management (KM) strategy for a mental health organisation, an area that has, to date, limited attention in literature based on the factors that influence KM success. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods research was conducted to identify the organisational culture, resources, enablers and the influential factors of mental health knowledge management (MHKM). The data were collected in five referral mental hospitals and were analysed using quantitative, qualitative and triangulation methods. Findings The organisational culture has become a great barrier. Forty-three influential factors were identified. Otherwise, based on culture, resources, enablers and strengthen, weakness, opportunities and threaten (SWOT) analysed were adopted to propose ten of the critical success factors and were recommended into an implementation strategy. Research limitations/implications The paper has proven that KM is a new and emerging discipline in Indonesia, especially on mental health care. This will contribute to the governmental policy of KM implementation and enforce the quality of services. Practical implications This result has the potential to leverage interdisciplinary KM research. It supports a mental health organisation in applying KM. Originality/value This study is probably the first to analyse factors that are of influence in an MHKM initiative programme.
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Bouwstra, J. A., F. E. R. Dubbelaar, G. S. Gooris, A. M. Weerheim, and M. Ponec. "The role of ceramide composition in the lipid organisation of the skin barrier." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1419, no. 2 (July 1999): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00057-7.
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Mrówka, Mateusz. "Chosen stimulators and barriers of company restructuring process." Equilibrium 1, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2008): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2008.006.
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The subject matter of the following summary is looking at the company restucturing through a prisim of factors determining its completion. Researches of the analysed thematic area point out various factors that determine. The sussess of company restructuring process. Some claim that these are changes in the company surroundings that make the main stimulator of taking such decisions. Others indicate inefficient and ineffective model of organisation functioning as the main barrier of stategic changes completion. The aim of the summary is a compilement of chosen stimulators and restructuring process barriers (basing on the literature and chosen European countries researches) as well as an estimation of its influence on restructuring completion process.
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Roessler, R., P. Herold, H. Momm, and A. Valle Zárate. "Organisation of breeding under difficult framework conditions – the case of smallholder pig breeding in mountainous areas in Northwest Vietnam." Archives Animal Breeding 55, no. 6 (October 10, 2012): 590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-590-2012.
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Abstract. The concentration process in the international livestock breeding industry has led to an increasing competitive pressure for existing regional livestock breeding institutions. This represents an almost insuperable barrier for the competitive organisation of livestock breeding under difficult framework conditions, particularly in developing countries. The present study aimed at identifying possibilities how to develop the organisation of livestock breeding under difficult framework conditions, taking smallholder pig breeding in mountainous areas in Northwest Vietnam as example. Information was collected from group discussions with small-scale pig producers in Son La province and interviews in various private and public breeding institutions across northern Vietnam, complemented by information from documents. Results show that smallholder pig breeding is influenced by numerous external private and public factors, respectively institutions. These include small private boar keepers and medium-sized commercial pig farms at village and district level, but also globally acting private breeding companies and relevant legislations. Considering the identified institutional framework situation of smallholder pig breeding at village level and the generally positive attitude of smallholders towards cooperative structures, the establishment of boar keeper cooperatives is recommended as a first step in the development of a competitive breeding organisation at village level. Altogether, the current situation of smallholder pig breeding at village level makes the establishment of village breeding programmes reasonable, given a more rigorous implementation of supportive legislations that promote and recognise the self-determination of the proposed cooperative breeding organisations.
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Swift, Hannah, Vanessa Dias, and Dominic Abrams. "WHOM WOULD YOU HIRE? AGEISM IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2112.
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Abstract People want to work at older ages, yet ageism and discrimination remain a barrier. Using theories of prejudice, social role theory, and conceptual models of age diversity in organisational contexts, we explore age-bias in hiring practices (Study 1) and how to reduce it (Study 2). Study 1 (N=150) investigated pro-youth bias in hiring practices and how this manifests depending on job/occupation. Study 2 (N=150) investigated whether pro-youth bias is reduced by manipulating organisational culture. In both studies, participants were given a fictional organisation, a job ad, and two applicants’ profiles manipulated to represent men one each in their 30s and 50s. Study 1 supported the social role theory hypothesis: people match candidates to the age profile of the job. In the age-neutral job occupation participants chose equally between candidates. Study 2 supported the hypothesis that pro-youth bias can be mitigated when age-diverse nature of the organisational culture is made salient.
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Forcino, Rachel C., Marjan J. Meinders, Jaclyn A. Engel, A. James O'Malley, and Glyn Elwyn. "Routine patient-reported experience measurement of shared decision-making in the USA: a qualitative study of the current state according to frontrunners." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e037087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037087.
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ObjectivesTo identify and describe instances of routine patient-reported shared decision-making (SDM) measurement in the USA, and to explore barriers and facilitators of routine patient-reported SDM measurement for quality improvement.SettingPayer and provider healthcare organisations in the USA.ParticipantsCurrent or former adult employees of healthcare organisations with prior SDM activity and that may be conducting routine SDM measurement (n=21).OutcomesQualitative interview and survey data collected through snowball sampling recruitment strategy to inform barriers and facilitators of routine patient-reported SDM measurement.ResultsThree participating sites routinely measured SDM from patients’ perspectives, including one payer organisation and two provider organisations—with the largest measurement effort taking place in the payer organisation. Facilitators of SDM measurement included SDM as a core organisational value or strategic priority, trialability of SDM measurement programmes, flexibility in how measures can be administered and existing momentum from payer-mandated measurement programmes. Barriers included competing organisational priorities with regard to patient-reported measurement and lack of perceived comparative advantage of patient-reported SDM measurement.ConclusionsPayers have a unique opportunity to encourage emphasis on SDM within healthcare organisations, including routine patient-reported measurement of SDM; however, provider organisations are currently best placed to make effective use of this type of data.
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IJsbrandy, Charlotte, Wim H. van Harten, Winald R. Gerritsen, Rosella P. M. G. Hermens, and Petronella B. Ottevanger. "Healthcare professionals’ perspectives of barriers and facilitators in implementing physical activity programmes delivered to cancer survivors in a shared-care model: a qualitative study." Supportive Care in Cancer 28, no. 7 (December 2, 2019): 3429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05108-1.
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Abstract Background The positive impact of physical activity programmes has been recognised, but the current uptake is low. Authorities believe delivering these programmes in a shared-care model is a future perspective. The present study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators affecting physical activity programme implementation in a shared-care model delivered with the cooperation of all the types of healthcare professionals involved. Methods Thirty-one individual interviews with primary healthcare professionals (PHPs) and four focus group interviews with 39 secondary healthcare professionals (SHPs) were undertaken. We used Grol and Flottorp’s theoretical models to identify barriers and facilitators in six domains: (1) physical activity programmes, (2) patients, (3) healthcare professionals, (4) social setting, (5) organisation and (6) law and governance. Results In the domain of physical activity programmes, those physical activity programmes that were non-tailored to the patients’ needs impeded successful implementation. In the domain of healthcare professionals, the knowledge and skills pertaining to physical activity programmes and non-commitment of healthcare professionals impeded implementation. HCPs expressed their concerns about the negative influence of the patient’s social network. Most barriers occurred in the domain of organisation. The PHPs and SHPs raised concerns about ineffective collaboration and networks between hospitals. Only the PHPs raised concerns about poor communication, indeterminate roles, and lack of collaboration with SHPs. Insufficient and unclear insurance coverage of physical activity programmes was a barrier in the domain of law and governance. Conclusions Improving the domain of organisation seems the most challenging because the collaboration, communication, networks, and interactive roles between the PHPs and SHPs are all inadequate. Survivor care plans, more use of health information technology, improved rehabilitation guidelines, and better networks might benefit implementing physical activity programmes.
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Mate, Susan Elizabeth, Matthew McDonald, and Truc Do. "The barriers and enablers to career and leadership development." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-07-2018-1475.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to contrast how the relationship between career and leadership development and workplace culture is experienced by women in two different countries and the implications this has for human resource development initiatives. Design/methodology/approach The study used a qualitative narrative research design to understand how the lived experiences of Australian and Vietnamese early- to mid-career female academics is engendered. Findings The study identified a number of key barriers and enablers that affected women’s career and leadership development. For the Australian participants, the main barrier included the competing demands of work and life and male dominated organisational cultures that discriminate against women in covert ways. The main enabler was mentoring and the building of professional networks that provided their careers with direction and support. For the Vietnamese participants, the main barriers were overt and included male-dominated organisational and societal cultures that limit their career and leadership development opportunities. The main enabler was having a sponsor or person with power in their respective organisation who would be willing to support their career advancement and gaining recognition from colleagues and peers. Research limitations/implications Gaining a deeper understanding of the barriers and enablers that effect women’s career and leadership development can be used to investigate how culturally appropriate developmental relationships can create ways to overcome the barriers they experience. Originality/value The study analysed the contrasting experiences of barriers and enablers from two cultures. The participants narrated stories that reflected on the gender politics they experienced in their career and leadership development. The narrative comparisons provide a unique lens to analyse the complex cultural experience of gender and work with potential implications for human resource development.
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Bouwstra, J., Y. Grams, G. Pilgram, and H. Koerten. "New aspects of the skin barrier organisation assessed by diffraction and electron microscopic techniques." Microscopy and Microanalysis 8, S02 (August 2002): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927602100249.
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Bredahl, Thomas Viskum Gjelstrup, Charlotte Ahlgren Særvoll, Lasse Kirkelund, Gisela Sjøgaard, and Lars Louis Andersen. "When Intervention Meets Organisation, a Qualitative Study of Motivation and Barriers to Physical Exercise at the Workplace." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/518561.
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Objective.To provide a comprehensive understanding of the motivational factors and barriers that are important for compliance with high-intensity workplace physical exercise that is aimed at reducing musculoskeletal disorders.Method.The present study, which used semideductive, thematic, and structured in-depth interviews, was nested in a 20-week cluster randomised controlled trial among office workers. Interviews were conducted with 18 informants with diverse fields of sedentary office work who participated in strength training at the workplace for 20 minutes, three times per week. Organisational, implementational, and individual motives and barriers were explored.Results & Discussion.The results show that attention should be given to the interaction between the management, the employees, and the intervention, as the main barrier to compliance was the internal working culture. The results emphasised the need for a clear connection between the management’s implementational intentions and the actual implementation. The results emphasise the importance of ensuring the legitimacy of the intervention among managers, participants, and colleagues. Moreover, it is important to centrally organise, structure, and ensure flexibility in the working day to free time for participants to attend the intervention. Recommendations from this study suggest that a thorough intervention mapping process should be performed to analyse organisational and implementational factors before initiating workplace physical exercise training.
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Sekgweleo, Tefo, Phathutshedzo Makovhololo, and Modikwa Luwi Makovhololo. "Critical Analysis and the Impact of Big Data within the Organisation." Management and Organizational Studies 6, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/mos.v6n2p30.
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Currently in the advancement of big data, the challenges for many organisations are not technologically related. The biggest barrier relates to cultural challenges which include organizational alignment, resistance or lack of understanding as well as change management. As a result, many organizations are purely not ready to take advantage of this new strategic resource called big data. Therefore, big data acceptance compels addressing the above mentioned challenges that falls within the domains of technology, people as well as organization. Thus, this study employed diffusion of innovation theory to assess the cultural challenges in an organization. The interpretivist approach was applied in the analysis of the data.
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Alhasaniah, Abdulaziz, Michael J. Sherratt, and Catherine A. O'Neill. "The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Barrier Function in Human Skin: Molecular Mechanisms and Topical Therapeutics." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 40 (January 21, 2019): 5503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171106164916.
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A competent epidermal barrier is crucial for terrestrial mammals. This barrier must keep in water and prevent entry of noxious stimuli. Most importantly, the epidermis must also be a barrier to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sunlight. Currently, the effects of ultraviolet radiation on epidermal barrier function are poorly understood. However, studies in mice and more limited work in humans suggest that the epidermal barrier becomes more permeable, as measured by increased transepidermal water loss, in response UVR, at doses sufficiently high to induce erythema. The mechanisms may include disturbance in the organisation of lipids in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) and reduction in tight junction function in the granular layer (the first living layer of the skin). By contrast, suberythemal doses of UVR appear to have positive effects on epidermal barrier function. Topical sunscreens have direct and indirect protective effects on the barrier through their ability to block UV and also due to their moisturising or occlusive effects, which trap water in the skin, respectively. Some topical agents such as specific botanical extracts have been shown to prevent the loss of water associated with high doses of UVR. In this review, we discuss the current literature and suggest that the biology of UVR-induced barrier dysfunction, and the use of topical products to protect the barrier, are areas worthy of further investigation.
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To, Timothy H. M., Paul Tait, Deidre D. Morgan, Jennifer J. Tieman, Gregory Crawford, Alexandra Michelmore, David C. Currow, and Kate Swetenham. "Case conferencing for palliative care patients – a survey of South Australian general practitioners." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 5 (2017): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16001.
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Benefits of case conferencing for people with palliative care needs between a general practitioner, the person and other key participants include improving communication, advance care planning, coordination of care, clarifying goals of care and support for patient, families and carers. Despite a growing evidence base for the benefits, the uptake of case conferencing has been limited in South Australia. The aim of this study is to explore the beliefs and practice of South Australian general practitioners towards case conferencing for people with palliative care needs. Using an online survey, participants were asked about demographics, attitudes towards case conferencing and details about their most recent case conference for a person with palliative care needs. Responses were received from 134 general practitioners (response rate 11%). In total, 80% valued case conferencing for people with palliative care needs; however, <25% had been involved in case conferencing in the previous 2years. The major barrier was time to organise and coordinate case conferences. Enablers included general practitioner willingness or interest, strong relationship with patient, specialist palliative care involvement and assistance with organisation. Despite GPs’ beliefs of the benefits of case conferencing, the barriers remain significant. Enabling case conferencing will require support for organisation of case conferences and review of Medicare Benefits Schedule criteria for reimbursement.
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Irhoma, Ammar, Dai Zhong Su, and Martin Higginson. "Analysis of the Barriers to Environmental Management Systems Implementation in the Libyan Oil Industry." Key Engineering Materials 572 (September 2013): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.672.
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Adhering to an Environmental Management System (EMS) is the start point in moving an organisation towards a sustainable future. The aim of this study is to identify the barriers for effective implementation of an EMS (ISO4001) in the Libyan oil sector, which would benefit in smoother implementation in future and as a result will lead to environmental sustainability to the oil sector and the country as a whole. To meet the aim, literature reviews and interviews were carried out, and a case study of Azzawya Oil Company in Libya was conducted. The results of the study show that the most significant barriers are those related to poor leadership and management, resources issues of financial, HR and technical were the second most significant barrier, and external political obstacles of organizational culture and negative attitudes were the third most significant barriers. It is recommended that awareness of environmental issues in the oil sector is raised through the provision of effective human resource management along with appropriate financial and technical means.
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Tarulli, Gerard A., Sarah J. Meachem, Stefan Schlatt, and Peter G. Stanton. "Regulation of testicular tight junctions by gonadotrophins in the adult Djungarian hamster in vivo." REPRODUCTION 135, no. 6 (June 2008): 867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-07-0572.
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This study aimed to assess the effect of gonadotrophin suppression and FSH replacement on testicular tight junction dynamics and blood–testis barrier (BTB) organisation in vivo, utilising the seasonal breeding Djungarian hamster. Confocal immunohistology was used to assess the cellular organisation of tight junction proteins and real-time PCR to quantify tight junction mRNA. The effect of tight junction protein organisation on the BTB permeability was also investigated using a biotin-linked tracer. Tight junction protein (claudin-3, junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A and occludin) localisation was present but disorganised after gonadotrophin suppression, while mRNA levels (claudin-11, claudin-3 and occludin) were significantly (two- to threefold) increased. By contrast, both protein localisation and mRNA levels for the adaptor protein zona occludens-1 decreased after gonadotrophin suppression. FSH replacement induced a rapid reorganisation of tight junction protein localisation. The functionality of the BTB (as inferred by biotin tracer permeation) was found to be strongly associated with the organisation and localisation of claudin-11. Surprisingly, JAM-A was also recognised on spermatogonia, suggesting an additional novel role for this protein in trans-epithelial migration of germ cells across the BTB. It is concluded that gonadotrophin regulation of tight junction proteins forming the BTB occurs primarily at the level of protein organisation and not gene transcription in this species, and that immunolocalisation of the organised tight junction protein claudin-11 correlates with BTB functionality.
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Stephen-Haynes, Jackie, and Claire Stephens. "Evaluation of clinical and financial outcomes of a new no-sting barrier film and barrier cream in a large UK primary care organisation." International Wound Journal 10, no. 6 (July 27, 2012): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01045.x.
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Jeenger, Praveen, and Ravi Kant. "Understanding the Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Organisation: A Fuzzy AHP Approach." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 12, no. 01 (March 2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649213500032.
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The need for successful knowledge sharing is critical for knowledge management (KM). The objective of this study is to identify and measure the perceived importance of knowledge sharing barriers (KSBs) in organisation. These KSBs have been categorised into the six different levels namely strategic, organisational, financial, technological, individual and social-cultural. A fuzzy AHP approach has been used for rankings of these KSBs in organisation. The expert interview was conducted to identify perceptions of the most significant KSBs. This research is an attempt to identify the KSBs that significantly affect knowledge sharing in organisations so that management may effectively deal with these KSBs. The findings of this research can be used for developing an evidence based ranking of KSBs in organisation.
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Hijazi, Assia, Marc Haenlin, Lucas Waltzer, and Fernando Roch. "The Ly6 Protein Coiled Is Required for Septate Junction and Blood Brain Barrier Organisation in Drosophila." PLoS ONE 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2011): e17763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017763.
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Nittenberg, R., K. Patel, Y. Joshi, R. Krumlauf, D. G. Wilkinson, P. M. Brickell, C. Tickle, and J. D. Clarke. "Cell movements, neuronal organisation and gene expression in hindbrains lacking morphological boundaries." Development 124, no. 12 (June 15, 1997): 2297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.12.2297.
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Rhombomeres are segmental units of the hindbrain that are separated from each other by a specialised zone of boundary cells. Retinoic acid application to a recently segmented hindbrain leads to disappearance of posterior rhombomere boundaries. Boundary loss is preceded by changes in segmental expression of Krox-20 and Cek-8 and followed by alterations in Hox gene expression. The characteristic morphology of boundary cells, their expression of follistatin and the periodic accumulation of axons normally associated with boundaries are all lost. In the absence of boundaries, we detect no change in anteroposterior dispersal of precursor cells and, in most cases, no substantial cell mixing between former rhombomeric units. This is consistent with the idea that lineage restriction can be maintained by processes other than a mechanical barrier composed of boundary cells. Much of the early organisation of the motor nuclei appears normal despite the loss of boundaries and altered Hox expression.
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Campbell, Susanna P. "When Process Matters: The Potential Implications of Organisational Learning for Peacebuilding Success." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 4, no. 2 (September 2008): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2008.278602713606.
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Despite considerable attention given to professionalising methods and analysing best practices, peacebuilding organisations (i.e. any organisation aiming to impact the causes of peace) continue to have difficulty understanding and demonstrating their collective and individual impact. This article argues that this is in part due to the barriers they encounter in organisational learning. To impact the causes of peace, peacebuilding organisations have to learn what works in each conflict context. To improve their chances at learning, peacebuilding organisations have to measure and understand their successes and failures. As a result, this article argues, peacebuilding organisations' learning processes have an important role in determining their capacity to identify and influence the causes of peace in countries emerging from violent conflict.
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Mackenzie, Kelly, Elizabeth Such, Paul Norman, and Elizabeth Goyder. "Using Co-Production to Develop “Sit Less at Work” Interventions in a Range of Organisations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 7751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157751.
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Prolonged periods of sitting are associated with negative health outcomes, so the increase in sedentary jobs is a public health concern. Evaluation of interventions to reduce workplace sitting have suggested that participatory approaches may be more effective. This paper describes the use of co-production in four diverse organisations. Workshops with staff in each organisation were conducted to develop an organisation-specific strategy. The first workshop involved creative activities to encourage participants to develop innovative suggestions. The second workshop then developed a feasible and acceptable action plan. An ecological approach was used to consider behaviour change determinants at a range of different levels including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, and environmental-level factors. 41 staff volunteered for workshops (seven in a small business, 16 in a charity, 15 in a local authority, and three in a large corporation). Of those, 27 were able to attend the first workshops and 16 were able to attend the second. Whilst there were some similarities across organisations, the smaller organisations developed a more tailored and innovative strategy than large organisations where there were more barriers to change and a more diverse workforce. Co-production resulted in bespoke interventions, tailored for different organisational contexts, maximising their potential feasibility and acceptability.
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Camaira, Joanna, and Tracie Mafile’o. "Noqu Vale: Community organisation professionals’ views on what works and what needs to change for Pasifika housing." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, no. 4 (June 17, 2019): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss4id614.
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INTRODUCTION: The shortage of suitable and affordable housing within Aotearoa New Zealand is creating vulnerability in communities and is a barrier encountered by community organisation professionals (COPs) working in the housing field. Pasifika peoples are particularly disadvantaged, experiencing higher levels of household overcrowding, being less likely to own their own home, and being more likely to be tenants of social housing than other ethnicities. Increasing numbers of Pasifika peoples affected by housing issues require immediate (emergency, crisis) or long-term community social housing support, in an already constrained housing system. While there continues to be significant literature exploring facets of Pasifika housing in AotearoaNew Zealand, there is a lack of research on COPs’ perspectives regarding Pasifika housing focused on the Wellington region. METHOD: This research takes an exploratory, qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with three COPs based in the Wellington region. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed. FINDINGS: Findings address “what’s working” and include: wrap-around services, collaboration, advocacy, and empowering families. COP perspectives on “what needs to change” include: quality and quantity of housing, affordability, and racism and discrimination. IMPLICATIONS: The implications are that a holistic and collaborative practice approach taken between community and government organisations, needs to be harnessed if outcomes for Pasifika housing are to improve.
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Dwyer, Judith, Eileen Willis, and Janet Kelly. "Hospitals caring for rural Aboriginal patients: holding response and denial." Australian Health Review 38, no. 5 (2014): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14060.
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Objective To investigate how policy requiring cultural respect and attention to health equity is implemented in the care of rural and remote Aboriginal people in city hospitals. Methods Interviews with 26 staff in public hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia, were analysed (using a framework based on cultural competence) to identify their perceptions of the enabling strategies and systemic barriers against the implementation of official policy in the care of rural Aboriginal patients. Results The major underlying barriers were lack of knowledge and skills among staff generally, and the persistent use of ‘business as usual’ approaches in their hospitals, despite the clear need for proactive responses to the complex care journeys these patients undertake. Staff reported a sense that while they are required to provide responsive care, care systems often fail to authorise or guide necessary action to enable equitable care. Conclusions Staff caring for rural Aboriginal patients are required to respond to complex particular needs in the absence of effective authorisation. We suggest that systemic misinterpretation of the principle of equal treatment is an important barrier against the development of culturally competent organisations. What is known about this topic? The care received by Aboriginal patients is less effective than it is for the population generally, and access to care is poorer. Those in rural and remote settings experience both severe access barriers and predictable complexity in their patient care journeys. This situation persists despite high-level policies that require tailored responses to the particular needs of Aboriginal people. What does this paper add? Staff who care for these patients develop skills and modify care delivery to respond to their particular needs, but they do so in the absence of systematic policies, procedures and programs that would ‘build in’ or authorise the required responsiveness. What are the implications for practitioners? Systematic attention, at hospital and clinical unit level, to operationalising high policy goals is needed. The framework of cultural competence offers relevant guidance for efforts (at system, organisation and care delivery levels) to improve care, but requires organisations to address misinterpretation of the principle of equal treatment.
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Loomba, Arvinder P. S., and Rex Karsten. "Self-efficacy’s role in success of quality training programmes." Industrial and Commercial Training 51, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2018-0058.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore why some firms succeed while others flounder or fail to implement quality improvement programmes. It synthesises self-efficacy literature to propose a model of self-efficacy’s role in affecting implementation success of quality improvement programmes in organisations.Design/methodology/approachA review of scholarly articles on the topics of self-efficacy and quality initiatives brings to light self-efficacy’s role in successful quality programme implementation. When considered in the context of organisation barriers, it can lead to organisational success.FindingsIt is determined that quality training programmes play an important role in affecting existing efficacies and leading to “quality self-efficacy” in employees. The proposed model and related propositions suggest that right approaches of implementing quality training among certain types of employees and/or organisations can promote teamwork to achieve performance success.Research limitations/implicationsMoving forward, the proposed model should be empirically tested to improve our understanding of quality self-efficacy construct and its role in aiding organisational success. Furthermore, it would offer guidelines for the implementation of quality programmes in the most optimal way.Practical implicationsIn applying theories on self-efficacy, motivation, empowerment, and quality training, the authors posit that existing efficacy and quality self-efficacy are crucial for quality implementation efforts to overcome organisational barriers and lead to effective teamwork and performance success.Social implicationsThe authors postulate that deciding factors for organisational success originate from employees themselves as existing efficacies. Even though employees can foster quality self-efficacy through the implementation of quality improvement initiatives, existing self-efficacy, and organisation barriers will be moderating forces on eventual effectiveness of quality self-efficacy, teamwork, and organisational performance.Originality/valueThe model and related propositions, linking self- and collective efficacies to quality training, teamwork, and quality performance, offered in this paper will prove useful for organisational decision-makers in selecting quality programmes for implementation in organisation to achieve performance success.
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King, Tracey. "Call handlers for community nursing referrals: importance of collaborative working." British Journal of Community Nursing 25, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.3.126.
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Messages being left on an answerphone by service users or professionals have historically been considered the traditional communication methods in community nursing services. In May 2018, an NHS organisation successfully rolled out a service whereby call handlers process enquiries using clinical algorithms, clinically triaged by a community nurse, based on the electronic patient record system. This article describes how this project was designed and implemented, reflecting on the value of shared knowledge and skills for successful service development, and how the absence of these can be a barrier to service improvement projects.
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Meachem, S. J. "002.Sertoli cell terminal differentiation: doing a 'U' turn on a one way street." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs002.
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The concept of terminal differentiation of Sertoli cells has been challenged and this new information has important implications for male fertility. The mammalian Sertoli cell has two distinct functions: (i) formation of the seminiferous cords and (ii) provision of nutritional and structural support to the developing germ cells. For these to occur successfully, Sertoli cells must undergo numerous maturational changes between foetal and adult life, the main switches occur around the onset of puberty, coincident with the rise in serum gonadotrophins. These switches include the loss of proliferative activity and the formation of the blood testis barrier. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a key role in supporting Sertoli cell proliferation in early postnatal life and thus is critical in establishing sperm output in adulthood. After puberty, the size of the Sertoli cell population is considered to be stable and unmodifiable by hormones. This accepted view has been contested as data shows that the size of the adult Sertoli cell population is modifiable by hormone suppression, and that Sertoli cells can regain proliferative activity when stimulated by FSH in the Djungarian hamster1. The molecular mechanism(s) by which Sertoli cells re-enter proliferation are not known in this model however a study demonstrated that helix-loop-inhibitor of differentiation proteins can induce terminally differentiated Sertoli cells to re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate2. Thyroid hormone and testosterone may be involved in the cessation of Sertoli cell proliferation. Gonadotrophin suppression in the adult Djungarian hamster also results in the disruption of the blood testis barrier and spatial organisation of the inter Sertoli cell tight junction proteins and as a consequence the loss of all germ cells that reside inside the blood testis barrier. FSH restores the organisation of these tight junction proteins, which is associated with the appearance of more mature germ cells. It is expected that the integrity of the blood testis barrier is also re-established. It is suggested that this demonstrated plasticity of the adult Sertoli cell may be relevant in clinical settings, particularly to some types of infertility and testicular malignancies where Sertoli cells have failed to undergo these important maturational switches. (1)Chaudhary et al. (2005) Biol. Reprod. 72, 1205. (2)Meachem et al. (2005) Biol. Reprod. 72, 1187.
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Jonathan, Gideon Mekonnen, Aminat Abdul-Salaam, Omogunloye Oluwasanmi, and Lazar Rusu. "Business-IT Alignment Barriers in a Public Organisation." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2018010101.
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Business-IT alignment (BITA) continues to attract the interest of researchers and practitioners. Literature review reveals that the focus of past studies was investigated BITA mostly at (1) strategic level, in (2) private and commercial organisations, and in (3) developed countries. Thus, making a generalisation from these findings is difficult. The current study is aimed at shading light on the barriers of BITA based on a case study in a public organisation like The Federal Inland Revenue Service of Nigeria. The data was collected through semi-structured email interviews from business and IT managers as well as IT officers and also from internal organisational documents too. The data collected has been analysed using thematic analysis and has revealed six BITA barriers at tactical and operational levels like previous IT failures, lack of feedback mechanism, organisational structure, lack of standard infrastructure, insufficient time to acquire knowledge, and poor communication between the mangers.
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Bell, Sandra. "Organisational resilience: a matter of organisational life and death." Continuity & Resilience Review 1, no. 1 (August 29, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/crr-01-2019-0002.
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Purpose Being resilient in the face of risks that have the ability to negatively impact the strategic objectives, reputation or existence of the organisation is now not just an interesting concept but a matter of organisational life and death in many industries. However, very few businesses go beyond simply implementing measures to defend their competitive advantage in the face of market changes and business continuity capabilities to be able to survive operational disruptions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses real-life examples to explore some of the main issues associated with organisational resilience that are observed in the business and management literature. The aim is being able to demonstrate some of the practical reasons why organisational resilience is so hard to implement and what can be done to make it easier. Findings Organisational resilience is a business outcome and, as such, requires a holistic and adaptive management approach. This is theoretically straightforward as organisations are used to working together towards business outcomes. However, in practice three main issues generally thwart resilience-building activities: different professional groups within organisations anchor their understanding of resilience based on related interpretations such as psychology, ecology, economics, engineering, etc., which leads to internal conflict; there is often a widespread belief (or hope) that static goals and objectives will work in a dynamic environment; and flawed risk perceptions hamper organisation-wide situational awareness. Practical implications Faced with these issues, it is easy to understand why resilience activities are frequently limited to the tactical things that can be put in place to protect the organisation and its assets against acute shocks. However, as the risk landscape becomes ever more complex and uncertain such a defensive approach will only increase the vulnerability of organisations. Originality/value However, there are some straightforward and practical steps that organisations can take to break down internal barriers and promote a more collegiate approach to organisational resilience. An approach that is not only more efficient in terms of the management of risk but is also more cost effective and has a positive impact on culture, brand and reputation.
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Soon, Allyson Shook, Jia Chua, and David Becker. "Connexins in endothelial barrier function – novel therapeutic targets countering vascular hyperpermeability." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 116, no. 11 (September 2016): 852–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th16-03-0210.
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SummaryProlonged vascular hyperpermeability is a common feature of many diseases. Vascular hyperpermeability is typically associated with changes in the expression patterns of adherens and tight junction proteins. Here, we focus on the less-appreciated contribution of gap junction proteins (connexins) to basal vascular permeability and endothelial dysfunction. First, we assess the association of connexins with endothelial barrier integrity by introducing tools used in connexin biology and relating the findings to customary readouts in vascular biology. Second, we explore potential mechanistic ties between connexins and junction regulation. Third, we review the role of connexins in microvascular organisation and development, focusing on interactions of the endothelium with mural cells and tissue-specific perivascular cells. Last, we see how connexins contribute to the interactions between the endothelium and components of the immune system, by using neutrophils as an example. Mounting evidence of crosstalk between connexins and other junction proteins suggests that we rethink the way in which different junction components contribute to endothelial barrier function. Given the multiple points of connexin-mediated communication arising from the endothelium, there is great potential for synergism between connexin-targeted inhibitors and existing immune-targeted therapeutics. As more drugs targeting connexins progress through clinical trials, it is hoped that some might prove effective at countering vascular hyperpermeability.
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Coster, Hans G. L. "Self-assembly, Stability and the Electrical Characteristics of Cell Membranes." Australian Journal of Physics 52, no. 1 (1999): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p98088.
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Living cells are enveloped in an ultra thin ( ~ 6 nm) membrane which consists basically of a bi-molecular film of lipid molecules in which are embedded functional proteins that perform a variety of functions, including energy transduction, signalling, transport of ions (and other molecules) etc., and also acts as a diffusion barrier between the cell interior (cytoplasm) and the external medium. A simple statistical mechanical analysis of the self-assembly of the membrane from its components provides useful insights into the molecular organisation of the membrane and its electrical properties. The stability of the structure is also closely connected to its electrical properties and this has provided not only a useful tool for fundamental research but has spawned also applications, some of which have had a major impact in biomedical research and are now being exploited commercially. An overview is given of the rapid progress made in our understanding of the physics of both the molecular organisation and function of cell membranes and some of the fascinating and socially and commercially important applications that have flowed from this.
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Beteck, Richard M., Audrey Jordaan, Ronnett Seldon, Dustin Laming, Heinrich C. Hoppe, Digby F. Warner, and Setshaba D. Khanye. "Easy-To-Access Quinolone Derivatives Exhibiting Antibacterial and Anti-Parasitic Activities." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041141.
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The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has a unique structural organisation, comprising a high lipid content mixed with polysaccharides. This makes cell wall a formidable barrier impermeable to hydrophilic agents. In addition, during host infection, Mtb resides in macrophages within avascular necrotic granulomas and cavities, which shield the bacterium from the action of most antibiotics. To overcome these protective barriers, a new class of anti-TB agents exhibiting lipophilic character have been recommended by various reports in literature. Herein, a series of lipophilic heterocyclic quinolone compounds was synthesised and evaluated in vitro against pMSp12::GFP strain of Mtb, two protozoan parasites (Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei brucei) and against ESKAPE pathogens. The resultant compounds exhibited varied anti-Mtb activity with MIC90 values in the range of 0.24–31 µM. Cross-screening against P. falciparum and T.b. brucei, identified several compounds with antiprotozoal activities in the range of 0.4–20 µM. Compounds were generally inactive against ESKAPE pathogens, with only compounds 8c, 8g and 13 exhibiting moderate to poor activity against S. aureus and A. baumannii.
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Noble, Denis. "The Illusions of the Modern Synthesis." Biosemiotics 14, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12304-021-09405-3.
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AbstractThe Modern Synthesis has dominated biology for 80 years. It was formulated in 1942, a decade before the major achievements of molecular biology, including the Double Helix and the Central Dogma. When first formulated in the 1950s these discoveries and concepts seemed initially to completely justify the central genetic assumptions of the Modern Synthesis. The Double Helix provided the basis for highly accurate DNA replication, while the Central Dogma was viewed as supporting the Weismann Barrier, so excluding the inheritance of acquired characteristics. This article examines the language of the Modern Synthesis and reveals that it is based on four important misinterpretations of what molecular biology had shown, so forming the basis of the four Illusions: 1. Natural Selection; 2. The Weismann Barrier; 3. The Rejection of Darwin’s Gemmules; 4. The Central Dogma. A multi-level organisation view of biology avoids these illusions through the principle of biological relativity. Molecular biology does not therefore confirm the assumptions of the Modern Synthesis.
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Moore, Sian, Steve Jefferys, and Pierre Cours-Salies. "Why do Europe's unions find it difficult to organise in small firms?" Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 13, no. 1 (February 2007): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890701300110.
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This article explores the barriers to union membership and organisation at workplace level in SMEs across Europe. It shows that the nature of social relations in SMEs makes the articulation of grievances a high risk strategy for workers and militates against the identification of collective interests as a basis for organisation. However, SMEs are dynamic organisations and organisational change can alter the conditions for representation. The article highlights the key importance of ‘pro-voice’ workers, with a collective frame of reference, for unionisation at workplace level. The general absence of such workers in SMEs compounds the problems faced by unions in addressing union renewal in the growth areas of the EU economy
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Haleem, Abid, Mohd Imran Khan, and Shahbaz Khan. "Halal certification, the inadequacy of its adoption, modelling and strategising the efforts." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 384–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-05-2017-0062.
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Purpose Need for effective adoption of halal certification through assessment and accreditation (HCAA) is imperative for the higher level of customer satisfaction. To achieve this, all stakeholders need to be involved in developing the policy. Thus, this study aims to identify barriers to the adoption of HCAA and analyses through structural model of interrelated barriers Design/methodology/approach The structural and hierarchical model of barriers to the adoption of HCAA is developed after extensive systematic literature survey along with opinions from various types of experts. Interpretive structural modelling is identified as the appropriate tool in making this model, which is further analysed using MICMAC (Matriced’ Impacts croises-multipication applique’ and classment). Corresponding issues for every barrier as identified may help in further developing the action plan for each stakeholder. Objectives and action plan for various stakeholders were evolved and provided. Findings The significant finding indicates to developing a globally accepted halal certifying organisation, as to contain the mislabelling, and this further needs extensive government and customer support. The customer needs to be more aware of the proper idea of halal. Therefore, to succeed, the industry needs to develop a brand identity with a distinct/unique/clear marketing message, not just certifying products/services as halal. Originality/value Specific direction for different stakeholders has been derived along with academic finding for researchers and to further develop the action plan.
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Prajapati, Hemant K., Josefina Ocampo, and David J. Clark. "Interplay among ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodelers Determines Chromatin Organisation in Yeast." Biology 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9080190.
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Cellular DNA is packaged into chromatin, which is composed of regularly-spaced nucleosomes with occasional gaps corresponding to active regulatory elements, such as promoters and enhancers, called nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs). This chromatin organisation is primarily determined by the activities of a set of ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes that are capable of moving nucleosomes along DNA, or of evicting nucleosomes altogether. In yeast, the nucleosome-spacing enzymes are ISW1 (Imitation SWitch protein 1), Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-binding (CHD)1, ISW2 (Imitation SWitch protein 2) and INOsitol-requiring 80 (INO80); the nucleosome eviction enzymes are the SWItching/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) family, the Remodeling the Structure of Chromatin (RSC) complexes and INO80. We discuss the contributions of each set of enzymes to chromatin organisation. ISW1 and CHD1 are the major spacing enzymes; loss of both enzymes results in major chromatin disruption, partly due to the appearance of close-packed di-nucleosomes. ISW1 and CHD1 compete to set nucleosome spacing on most genes. ISW1 is dominant, setting wild type spacing, whereas CHD1 sets short spacing and may dominate on highly-transcribed genes. We propose that the competing remodelers regulate spacing, which in turn controls the binding of linker histone (H1) and therefore the degree of chromatin folding. Thus, genes with long spacing bind more H1, resulting in increased chromatin compaction. RSC, SWI/SNF and INO80 are involved in NDR formation, either directly by nucleosome eviction or repositioning, or indirectly by affecting the size of the complex that resides in the NDR. The nature of this complex is controversial: some suggest that it is a RSC-bound “fragile nucleosome”, whereas we propose that it is a non-histone transcription complex. In either case, this complex appears to serve as a barrier to nucleosome formation, resulting in the formation of phased nucleosomal arrays on both sides.
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Whiteley, Alma M. "Systemic Barriers to Managing Change: Is Autopoiesis an Appropriate Metaphor?" Journal of Management & Organization 5, no. 2 (March 1999): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200005551.
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AbstractThe paper reports on a study into the usefulness of autopoiesis as a metaphor for reflective thinking about organisations contemplating change. Autopoietic systems display qualities of evolutionary invariance, self organisation to perpetuate the system's status quo, self referential activities and attempts to organise aspects of the environment to suit the system's needs. Systemic characteristics include a desire to return to equilibrium and to be resistant to evolutionary change. Autopoiesis can be used as a metaphor for gaining insights and seeing with fresh eyes some of the perhaps hidden, institutionalised concepts that inform contemporary management strategies. The need for a metaphorical image emerges from the difficulty in reflecting on organisational activities while using historically derived language and symbols. The autopoiesis metaphor was integrated into an exploratory research project with human resource managers as respondents. Tentative findings were that this is a useful metaphor for use in organisational diagnosis. Given this, a more comprehensive study would seem to be worthwhile.
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Whiteley, Alma M. "Systemic Barriers to Managing Change: Is Autopoiesis an Appropriate Metaphor?" Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 5, no. 2 (March 1999): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.1999.5.2.38.
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AbstractThe paper reports on a study into the usefulness of autopoiesis as a metaphor for reflective thinking about organisations contemplating change. Autopoietic systems display qualities of evolutionary invariance, self organisation to perpetuate the system's status quo, self referential activities and attempts to organise aspects of the environment to suit the system's needs. Systemic characteristics include a desire to return to equilibrium and to be resistant to evolutionary change. Autopoiesis can be used as a metaphor for gaining insights and seeing with fresh eyes some of the perhaps hidden, institutionalised concepts that inform contemporary management strategies. The need for a metaphorical image emerges from the difficulty in reflecting on organisational activities while using historically derived language and symbols. The autopoiesis metaphor was integrated into an exploratory research project with human resource managers as respondents. Tentative findings were that this is a useful metaphor for use in organisational diagnosis. Given this, a more comprehensive study would seem to be worthwhile.
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Bouwstra, J. A., M. A. Salomons-de Vries, B. A. I. van den Bergh, and G. S. Gooris. "Changes in lipid organisation of the skin barrier by N-alkyl-azocycloheptanones: A visualisation and X-ray diffraction study." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 144, no. 1 (January 1996): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(96)04726-6.
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Ciasullo, Maria Vincenza, Silvia Cosimato, and Rocco Palumbo. "Improving health care quality: the implementation of whistleblowing." TQM Journal 29, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-06-2016-0051.
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Purpose In line with the current literature, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of whistleblowing procedures and their influence on overall organisational quality. To this end, institutional, organisational, and cultural barriers to whistleblowing implementation have been investigated. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative analysis based on three explorative case studies investigates and compares different whistleblowing practices implemented in health care organisations, operating within the Italian National Health Service (INHS). Findings INHS organisations have implemented whistleblowing procedures in different ways, despite the fact that the procedures are laid down by law. These differences are mainly due to cultural, administrative, organisational, and process barriers, which have a deep impact on whistleblowing integration in managerial practices and their influence on the overall quality of health processes and services. Research limitations/implications This research paper was limited by the analysis of three Italian public health care organisations, which did not allow the generalisability of findings. Therefore, the study offers interesting insights on the way effective whistleblowing systems should be implemented in order to support managers to improve organisation’s management and service quality. Originality/value The paper represents one of the first attempts to structurally analyse the practice of whistleblowing in an Italian healthcare system. Therefore the study has mainly focussed not only on the analysis of whistleblowing practices, but also on their impacts on the improvement of organisational processes’ quality and, subsequently, on social well-being.
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Lozano, Rodrigo, and María Barreiro-Gen. "Disrupting the brave new world: COVID-19 effects on organisations' sustainability efforts." Journal of Organizational Change Management 34, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2020-0276.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeOrganisations have been working towards becoming more sustainable; where their efforts have been mainly on a steady state focussing on internal proactive changes. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how external events, e.g. COVID-19, affect organisations and their sustainability efforts.Design/methodology/approachA survey was sent to a database of 11,657 contacts, with a response rate of 5.60% obtained. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics, ranking and a ratio analysis comparing different types of organisations (corporations, higher education institutions, civil society and public sector organisations).FindingsCOVID-19 changed the organisation drivers for and barriers to sustainability perspective towards external stimuli, rather than internal factors. COVID-19 also affected the system elements negatively, with the exception of organisational systems. The results also show that the system elements are affected by an external event or crisis and are dependent on the type of organisation.Originality/valueThis paper proposes the “Organisational sustainability transition forced by exogenous events” framework to help organisations better understand and be prepared for unexpected external events. Organisations should learn from the experiences in dealing with COVID-19 and adopt a more humanistic approach to their sustainability efforts, rather than traditional approaches based on solipsism and techno-managerial centrism.
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Taylor, P., S. Cox, G. Walker, D. Valentine, and P. Sheahan. "WaterML2.0: development of an open standard for hydrological time-series data exchange." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2013): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.174.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing global demand on freshwater is resulting in nations improving their terrestrial water monitoring and reporting systems to better understand the availability, and quality, of this valuable resource. A barrier to this is the inability for stakeholders to share information relating to water observations data: traditional hydrological information systems have relied on internal custom data formats to exchange data, leading to issues in data integration and exchange. Organisations are looking to information standards to assist in data exchange, integration and interpretation to lower costs in use, and re-use, of monitoring data. The WaterML2.0 Standards Working Group (SWG), working within the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and in cooperation with the joint OGC-World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) Hydrology Domain Working Group (HDWG), has developed an open standard for the exchange of water observation data. The focus of the standard is time-series data, commonly used for hydrological applications such as flood forecasting, environmental reporting and hydrological infrastructure, where a lack of standards inhibits efficient re-use and automation. This paper describes the development methodology and principles of WaterML2.0, key parts of its information model, implementation scenarios, evaluation and future work. WaterML2.0 was adopted by the OGC as an official standard in September 2012.