Academic literature on the topic 'Organic wastewater pollution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Organic wastewater pollution"
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Zheng, Lina, Qi Liu, Jiajing Liu, Jingni Xiao, and Guangjing Xu. "Pollution Control of Industrial Mariculture Wastewater: A Mini-Review." Water 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091390.
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With the rapid development of intensive mariculture, lots of mariculture wastewaters containing residual feed and excrements are discharged into marinelands, leading to coastal pollution. Recently, the environmental problems caused by the discharge of mariculture wastewater have been paid much attention, as have other breeding industries in China. In fact, organic solid waste accounts for most of the pollutants and can be reduced by precipitation or filtration technologies, after which the supernatant can be easily treated by ecological methods. Some national guidelines and relevant local standards have been issued to strictly control the mariculture wastewater, but there are still few effective technologies for mariculture wastewater treatment due to its high salinity and extremely low pollutant concentration. This paper aims to propose feasible pollution control methods of mariculture wastewater according to the wastewater characteristics from different mariculture modes. For raw ammonia-based wastewater, it should be sequentially treated by precipitation, nitrification and denitrification and ecological methods, which would target solid waste, organic carbon/nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively. For the nitrate-based wastewater, this just needs denitrification filters and ecological methods for nitrate and phosphorus removal. After an overview of pollution control strategies for different types and scales of industrial mariculture wastewater treatment, some challenges are also mentioned.
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Mitru, Daniel, Gheorghe Nechifor, Stefania Gheorghe, Iuliana Paun, Lucian Ionescu, Mihai Nita-Lazar, and Irina Eugenia Lucaciu. "The Romanian Map of Organic Pollution from Domestic Wastewaters � Seasonal Variations of Anionic Surfactants And Organic Load (COD)." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8071.
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Surfactants represent the major class of chemicals used in the composition of detergents where the predominant groups are anionic surfactants. Because of the large utilization of detergents in different activities (agricultural, industrial, domestic) an important amount of surfactants can accumulate in the domestic and industrial wastewaters, that are discarded to wastewater-treatment plants (WWTP). Furthermore, surfactants could affect the process of biological wastewater treatment due the inhibition of activated sludge and subsequently the water bodies quality through discharge of WWTPs` effluents. In addition, the soil quality decreased through various modes of sludge applied. The concentrations of organic matters discharged in the wastewater systems from Romania have raised the attention of environmental authorities regarding the toxic impact of their components such as anionic surfactants on the environment. The present paper proposed to highlight the background of organic pollution from Romania through the monitoring of the organics amount in water by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and by the specific indicator � Anionic Surfactants (AS). Temporal (winter, spring and summer, 2019) and spatial (six areas: West, North-West, North-East, East, South and South-West) monitoring of organic matter was performed. It has been found that the spatial and temporal variation of AS concentrations were well correlated with COD load, leading to the conclusion that surfactants represented an important part of the global organic matter.
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Stoian, Oana, Cristina Ileana Covaliu, Gigel Paraschiv, Mihai Nita-Lazar, and Ioana-Corina Moga. "Photodegradable organic pollutants from wastewater." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128603017.
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Nowadays, environmental pollution is constantly increasing, and depollution is the most important challenge of the 21st century. This paper is a review of organic pollutants in wastewater that can be removed by the photocatalysis process. Also are presented specialized studies that demonstrate the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater and the experimental conditions necessary to obtain high treatment efficiencies. The important classes of pollutants in wastewater are hydrocarbons, halo compounds, carbonyl derivatives, alcohols, phenols, pesticides, surfactants, nitrogen containing compounds and dyes, and represent a major source of water pollution. These organic pollutants are photodegradable and can be easily removed by the photocatalysis process.
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Xu, Jie. "Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Wastewater." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 6 (July 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v6i.927.
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Environmental problems, including garbage disposal, land desertification, water pollution, and sand disaster, especially water pollution, should be faced seriously by human beings. Photocatalysis technology has been increasingly playing a dominant role in treating organic wastewater. This paper will introduce the degradation of organic wastewater using metal-organic framework (MOF) materials photocatalytic technology. This paper will summarize the related articles and research results published by the previous generation. This paper will introduce the material characteristics of MOFs and the physical and chemical properties of the materials and then will present the advantages of MOF materials in the photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater. The working principle of MOFs for photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater and the method of making MOF materials will be introduced. At the end of the article, the results of previous research in this field in recent years will be presented.
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Yuting, Fu, Li Changbo, Zhao Guozheng, Liang Hui, Wang Shuo, and Xu Hongzhu. "Study on Pollution Characteristics of Shale Refinery Wastewater." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301146.
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This paper studied the pollution characteristics of shale oil refinery wastewater, by using conventional analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results showed that: wastewater contains high concentration of dissolved organic matter, which was poor in biological treatment. The organic structure of wastewater contains groups such as benzene ring, carbonyl group, hydroxyl group, ether group and carboxyl group. The composition of wastewater was very complex, which has phenols and oil compounds, with inorganic pollutants such as iron, calcium, magnesium, and sodium.
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Zagorc-Koncan, J., and M. Dular. "Evaluation of biodegradation kinetics of organic wastewater in a laboratory river model." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 10 (November 1, 1994): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0532.
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A laboratory river model for the study of biodegradation kinetics of organic pollution in surface waters is presented. It enables an engineering - technological prediction of the impact of wastewater biodegradation on DO and TOC profile in a river downstream from the point of entry of wastewater effluent thus providing rapidly and inexpensively significant design information to an environmental scientist or engineer. The method was applied to the determination of degradation of pharmaceutical wastewaters. Biodegradation during adaptation and a comparative study on organic constituents, biodegradation rates in polluted and unpolluted river waters were simulated.
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Pinchai, C., M. Monnot, S. Lefèvre, O. Boutin, and P. Moulin. "Membrane filtration coupled with wet air oxidation for intensified treatment of biorefractory effluents." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 2338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.052.
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Abstract This work aims to analyse the performances of a new hybrid process: membrane filtration to concentrate biorefractory wastewater before treatment by a hydrothermal process such as wet air oxidation. The aim is to obtain a complete discharge of the effluent in the environment. The three different synthetic wastewaters under study were pharmaceutical wastewater, grey wastewater and bilge wastewater. The results of the membrane filtration showed high retention rates as it could reach between 75% and 100% of total organic carbon retention, more than 99% of turbidity removal and more than 70% of hydrocarbon retention. Moreover, it was possible to achieve high concentration factors comprised between 17 and 40 times. Membrane fouling was chemically reversible regardless of the type of pollution. Then, the treatment of the membrane retentates by wet air oxidation process (300 °C, 15 MPa) could eliminate more than 83% of organic pollution for all the tested effluents. In summary, the hybrid intensified process could finally decrease the volume and the waste load of wastewater before possibly discharging it into the environment.
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Eremektar, G., O. Tünay, D. Orhon, and E. Gönenç. "The pollution profile of alcohol distilleries treating beet sugar molasses." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0485.
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Fermentation of molasses and refining the produced alcohol by distillation is a common agroindustrial activity. The wastewaters originating from the process, especially the spent mash, are highly concentrated and contain TDS of over 50,000 mg/l as well as organic matter. Character of wastewaters varies with production application which affects the treatability characteristics. In this study four alcohol distillery plants treating beet sugar molasses are investigated to assess production applications and wastewater characteristics. Process profiles for three major modes of operation are prepared. Use of open steam and recycle of spent mash was calculated to affect the wastewater volume up to 25%. COD load is found to be practically unchanged with recycle while TDS increased significantly. Nature of COD and treatability characteristics are also expected to vary with recycle.
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Li, Lili, Yaobo Shi, Yun Huang, Anlu Xing, and Hao Xue. "The Effect of Governance on Industrial Wastewater Pollution in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 9316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159316.
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Water pollution not only aggravates the deterioration of the ecological environment and endanger human health, but also has a significantly negative impact on economic growth and social development. It is crucial to investigate the relationship between industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution on the path to reduce water pollution. In this paper, we studied whether industrial wastewater governance affected industrial wastewater pollution using the panel fixed effect model and system generalized moment estimation model (SYS-GMM) with the panel data of 30 provinces from 2005 to 2020 in China. This is the only empirical analysis of the relationship between industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution. We proxied industrial wastewater pollution by organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants and measured the per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance. The results shed light on the positive correlation between the per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution. The increase in per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance promoted the increase of pollutant emissions from industrial wastewater. The estimation also indicated that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita GDP and inorganic /organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. Our empirical research shows that it is necessary to increase investment in industrial wastewater treatment and optimize the investment structure of environmental treatment, so as to pave the way for the comprehensive utilization of a variety of environmental treatment solutions.
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Karpińska, Joanna, and Urszula Kotowska. "Removal of Organic Pollution in the Water Environment." Water 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2019): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102017.
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The development of civilization entails a growing demand for consumer goods. A side effect of the production and use of these materials is the production of solid waste and wastewater. Municipal and industrial wastewater usually contain a large amount of various organic compounds and are the main source of pollution of the aquatic environment with these substances. Therefore, the search for effective methods of wastewater and other polluted water treatment is an important element of caring for the natural environment. This Special Issue contains nine peer-review articles presenting research on the determination and removal of environmentally hazardous organic compounds from aqueous samples. The presented articles were categorized into three major fields: new approaches to the degradation of water pollutants, new methods of isolation and determination of the emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), and the occurrence of EOCs in the water environment. These articles present only selected issues from a very wide area, which is the removal of organic pollution in water environment, but can serve as important references for future studies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic wastewater pollution"
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Bertrando, Neil. "Bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen from natural resources and wastewater eflluent mutrient limitation on the lower Truckee River /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460748.
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Lourenço, da Silva Mario do Carmo. "Effet de la variabilité du fractionnement de la pollution carbonée sur le comportement des systèmes de traitement des eaux usées par boues activées." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL027N/document.
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Une méthode miniaturisée de fractionnement de la Demande Chimique en Oxygène (DCO) dans les eaux usées a été développée pour vérifier une possible variabilité à court terme de ce fractionnement et son influence sur le comportement des installations d’épuration par boues activées. Des tests de biodégradabilité, en réacteur fermé, ont été effectués avec des échantillons moyens horaires de temps sec (24h) provenant de deux stations d’épuration urbaines. Les analyses réalisées ont concerné la DCO totale et soluble, la Demande Biologique en Oxygène, les matières sèches et en suspension, l’ammonium et ont été complétées par des analyses spectrales (UV-visible et fluorescence). Globalement, en accord avec les données de la littérature, les fractions biodégradables sont les plus importantes en terme de concentration. Une variabilité journalière du fractionnement a été observée, sans qu’il soit possible de dégager des tendances particulières indiquant la prééminence de telle ou telle fraction. L’effet de la variabilité du fractionnement a été testé en boucle ouverte en utilisant un schéma classique d’épuration du carbone et de l’azote dans un simulateur de référence, le Benchmark Simulation Model 1. Les simulations ont permis de vérifier l’importance de la variabilité du fractionnement de la DCO sur une station d’épuration. Les concentrations en DCO dans l’effluent sont affectées par le rapport entre la fraction biodégradable et inerte, mais restent dans une limite acceptable par rapport aux normes de rejet. La situation est différente et plus délicate pour les rejets en matières azotées car ils sont proches des limites fixées par la réglementationA miniaturized method has been developed for the fractionation of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in wastewater in order to assess its variability and its effects on the behaviour of wastewater treatment plants by activated sludge. Biodegradability tests have been performed in batch reactor on daily composite samples grabbed by dry weather with a 1h sampling interval. The method has been applied on samples from two urban wastewater treatment plants. The samples were analysed for total and soluble COD, Biological Oxygen Demand, turbidity, total suspended solids and N-NH3. UV-visible and fluorescence spectra have also been collected. It has been observed, as in literature, that the biodegradable fractions are the most significant ones in terms of concentration. A variability of the fractionation during the day has been observed, although it was not possible to determine definite tendencies for particular fractions. In order to evaluate the effect of the variability of the fractionation, the Benchmark Simulation Model n°1 has been used. The sensibility analysis has been performed in open loop. The simulations allowed verifying the impact of the variability of the fractionation on a treatment plant based on a classical setup for the treatment of carbon and nitrogen. The COD concentrations of the plant effluent are affected by the ratio between the biodegradable fraction and the non-biodegradable one, although staying in an acceptable limit according to the discharge limits. The same is not true for the nitrogen, which are close to these limits
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Zongo, Inoussa. "Étude expérimentale et théorique du procédé d'électrocoagulation : application au traitement de deux effluents textiles et d'un effluent simulé de tannerie." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL066N/document.
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L’électrocoagulation est une technique de traitement des eaux usées basée sur la dissolution d’anode sacrificielle de fer ou d’aluminium. Ces métaux se dissolvent sous formes de cations Fe2+ puis Fe3+ et Al3+ qui vont former des hydroxydes de métal qui entraînent par adsorption les impuretés de l’effluent en diminuant le potentiel Zêta de ces impuretés. Le réacteur électrochimique utilisé est constitué de deux électrodes métalliques (Fe ou Al) planes et parallèles qui laissent passer entre elles l’effluent à traiter. Des densités de courant de 50 à 200 A/m2 ont été appliquées pour traiter les trois effluents. L’un est un effluent directement issu d’une usine textile (effluent « usine »). Un second provient du flux d’entrée de la station d’épuration du site qui collecte les effluents de plusieurs usines (effluent « station »). Le troisième est un effluent artificiel de tannerie, créé en ajoutant 200 ppm de chrome VI à l’effluent « station ». Pour chaque expérience, la densité de courant et le temps de traitement vont déterminer la charge électrique et la concentration en métal dissous atteinte. L’influence de ces quatre paramètres sur l’élimination de la DCO, de l’absorbance, de la turbidité, du COT et du chrome hexavalent a été étudiée. L’évolution au cours du temps d’autres paramètres de l’EC tels que le pH, la tension, le rendement faradique et la dissolution métallique ont été étudiés afin de comprendre leur rôle dans le procédé. Le traitement a permis d’avoir un abattement maximal de DCO de 82% et 80% pour l’effluent « station » traité respectivement avec les électrodes de fer et d’aluminium ; 75 et 67% pour l’effluent « usine » traité respectivement avec les électrodes de fer et d’aluminium. L’abattement du chrome est de 100% avec les électrodes de fer mais tombe à 70% avec celles en aluminium. Des modèles d’élimination de la DCO et de l’absorbance ont été établis pour chaque matériau d’électrode utilisé. Le modèle d’élimination du chrome VI a été établi à partir du traitement avec les électrodes de fer. Une étude de la spéciation des espèces a permis de déterminer les pH optimaux de coagulation-floculation pour chaque métal impliqué (Al, Fe, Cr). La compétitivité entre l’abattement de la pollution organique et du Chrome a aussi été étudiée pour chaque type d’électrodeElectrocoagulation (EC) is a water treatment technology that relies on the electrochemical sacrificial anodes (in Fe or Al) dissolution. This metal dissolve themselves in Al3+ and Fe2+ cations that later oxidise to Fe3+ ions. These cations form metal hydroxides that adsorb the impurities of the effluent while decreasing the zeta potential. The electrochemical reactor used consists on two plane parallel metal electrodes with recirculation of the effluent to be treated between them. Current densities from 50 to 200 A/m2 were imposed to treat each effluent. Three effluents were used in this study. The first one is an effluent sampled at the outlet of a textile plant (« plant »). The second one is a mixture of several effluents coming from different plant and collected at the inlet of the wastewater treatment (« treatment plant »). The last one is a wastewater tannery plant simulated by addition of 200 ppm Chromium VI in the treatment plant effluent. For each experience the current density and the time of treatment rule the electrical charge and the concentration in dissolved metal reached. The influence of these four parameters on the elimination of COD, absorbance, turbidity, COT and hexavalent chromium content has been studied. Parameters e.g. potential, faradic yield, metal dissolution and pH have also been continuously monitored to better understand their role on EC process. The results show that DCO abatement reached 80 and 82% for treatment plant effluent, respectively with iron and aluminium electrodes; and 75 and 67% for plant effluent, respectively with iron and aluminium electrodes. The chromium treatment yields 100 % abatement with Fe electrodes whereas it is only 70% using Al electrodes. Models have been developed for COD and absorbance removal for the two electrode materials. Model for chromium (VI) treatment has been established considering all reactions occurring for iron EC. Metal speciation study allowed us to determine the optimal pH of coagulation –flocculation for each metal involved in the treatment (Al, Fe, Cr). Competition between organic pollution removal and chromium elimination has been also investigated for each electrode material
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Pernička, Jan. "Studie variant čištění specifických odpadních vod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226164.
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This diploma thesis explores treatment options of wastewater with a low presence of organic pollution produced by minor pollution sources. The research part describes objects with a low presence of organic pollution in wastewater and possible treatment methods in dependence of pollution source's size. The practical part contains the design of technological options of treatment of wastewater with a low presence of organic pollution for a specific object.
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Wund, Perrine. "Développements d’échantillonneurs passifs pour l’étude de la contamination des eaux par les micropolluants organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14966/document.
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Préserver les ressources en eau est l’une des problématiques environnementales majeures du 21è siècle. Pour faire face à cette nécessité, il est essentiel de mettre en place une surveillance réglementée de la qualité des eaux et des rejets se déversant dans le milieu aquatique et de développer de nouveaux outils d’échantillonnage. L’échantillonnage ponctuel est la technique la plus facile à mettre en œuvre. Toutefois, elle n’est pas toujours représentative d’un milieu hétérogène parfois soumis à des variabilités spatiales et temporelles importantes. L’échantillonnage passif, notamment avec l’outil POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler), est une approche complémentaire aux techniques traditionnelles, qui permet de concentrer des molécules organiques semi-polaires directement sur site. La pertinence du résultat obtenu (la concentration moyennée sur la durée d’exposition), couplée à la simplicité de sa mise en œuvre en font a priori un outil de choix pour suivre des hydrosystèmes complexes.Dans ce contexte, des familles des composés diversifiées ont été sélectionnées : pesticides, composés pharmaceutiques, hormones stéroïdiennes et composés perfluorés. Au sein de chaque famille, plusieurs composés traceurs, présents dans l’environnement, comportant des propriétés physico-chimiques variées et aux statuts règlementaires différents (Directive Cadre sur l’Eau notamment), ont été choisis.Des essais d’optimisation de design du POCIS (quantité et nature de phase réceptrice, nature de la membrane) ont été conduits, menant à la validation de la configuration classique dans le cas général. L’influence de différents paramètres environnementaux pertinents : débit, température, matrice, présence de biofilm et dispositif de déploiement a été évaluée lors de calibrations de l’outil réalisées dans des systèmes de complexité croissante : au laboratoire, sur pilote et sur site.Les différents déploiements sur site (effluent de STEP et rivière) ont permis de valider l’utilisation de cet outil de prélèvement passif dans le cadre d’un suivi environnemental. Le potentiel du POCIS a été pleinement confirmé, tant en termes de logistique que de résultats (justesse par rapport aux concentrations mesurées par des techniques classiques, intégration d’événements ponctuels, limite de quantification…)The protection of water resources is one of the major environmental stakes of 21st century. Regulation concerning water quality and effluents is therefore definitely needed, as well as new approaches regarding water sampling. Spot sampling is the easiest strategy. However, it may not be representative of a heterogeneous matrix, with sometimes important spatial and temporal variability. Passive sampling, including POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) is a complementary approach, which enables an on-site pre-concentration of semi-polar organic compounds. The relevance of the result (time-weighted average concentrations) and the ease to implement POCIS make it an appropriate tool to monitor complex hydrosystems.Within this work, various compound classes were selected: pesticides, pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones and perfluorinated compounds. Among each family, several tracer molecules, widely encountered in the environment, with different physic-chemical properties and regulatory status (particularly in the Water Framework Directive), were chosen.POCIS design optimization (amount and nature of sorbent, nature of membrane) was carried out, leading to the validation of the standard configuration for general purposes. The impact of different relevant environmental parameters (flow-rate, temperature, matrix, biofouling and deployment device), was assessed during calibrations of POCIS conducted in systems of increasing complexity: in the laboratory, at pilot-scale and on-site.All on-site deployments (WWTP effluent and river) enabled to validate the use of this passive sampling tool in the framework of an environmental monitoring. The potential of this tool was fully confirmed, both logistically and in terms of results (trueness compared to concentrations measured with traditional techniques, integration of punctual events, quantification limit…)
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Erol, Funda. "Advanced Oxidation Techniques For The Removal Of Refractory Organics From Textile Wastewaters." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610009/index.pdf.
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Ozonation is an efficient method to degrade refractory organics in textile wastewaters. In recent years, catalytic ozonation is applied to reduce ozone consumption and to increase chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies.
The ozonation of two industrial dyes, namely Acid Red-151 (AR-151) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) was examined separately both in a semi-batch reactor and also in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) by conventional and catalytic ozonation with alumina and perfluorooctyl alumina (PFOA) catalysts. The conventional and catalytic ozonation reactions followed a pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the dye concentration. The highest COD reductions were obtained in the presence of the catalysts at pH=13, with alumina for AR-151 and with PFOA for RBBR. Residence time distribution experiments were performed to understand the degree of liquid mixing in the reactor. The behaviour of the FBR was almost equivalent to the behaviour of one or two completely stirred tank reactors in series in the presence of the solid catalyst particles.
The volumetric ozone-water mass transfer coefficients (kLa) were found at various gas and liquid flow rates and catalyst dosages in the FBR. A model was developed to find kLa in the reactor by comparing the dissolved O3 concentrations in the experiments with the model results. kLa increased significantly by the increase of gas flow rate. Higher catalysts dosages at the fluidization conditions yielded higher kLa values indicating higher rates of mass transfer.
Dye ozonation experiments without catalyst and with alumina or PFOA catalyst were conducted at different conditions of the inlet dye concentration, gas and liquid flow rates, inlet ozone concentration in the gas, catalyst dosage, particle size and pH. The dye and TOC removal percentages were increased with the increase of gas flow rate and with the decrease of both the liquid flow rate and inlet dye concentration. The addition of the catalyst was beneficial to enhance the TOC degradation. The ozone consumed per liter of wastewater was much lower when the catalyst was present in the reactor. In terms of TOC removal and O3 consumption, the most efficienct catalyst was PFOA. According to the organic analysis, the intermediate by-products were oxalic, acetic, formic and glyoxalic acids in RBBR and AR-151 ozonation.
The dye and dissolved ozone concentration profiles were predicted from a developed model and the model results were compared with the experimental results to obtain the enhanced kLa values. The presence of the chemical reaction and the catalysts in the FBR, enhanced the kLa values significantly. The enhancement factor (E) was found as between 0.97 and 1.93 for the non-catalytic ozonation and 0.96 and 1.53 for the catalytic ozonation at pH = 2.5. The dimensionless number of Hatta values were calculated between 0.04-0.103 for the sole ozonation of RBBR and AR-151 solutions. According to the calculated Ha values, the reaction occurred in the bulk liquid and in the film being called as the intermediate regime in the literature.
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Chun-Hsien, Shih, and 施純賢. "Secondary Pollution by Volatile Organic Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plant of Petrochemical Industry." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14956952668176205636.
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碩士國立高雄海洋科技大學
海洋環境工程研究所
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The wastewater of wastewater treatment plants in petrochemical industry contains large quantity of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), and the domestic regulatory standards of VOCs for the industry in early years was less developed; therefore, wastewater without proper treatment was wantonly discharged, causing pollution problems came out one after the other, coupled with volatile characteristics of such pollution substances, so a superior emission condition was formed under the high perturbation of treatment process. Therefore, wastewater treatment plants in petrochemical industry have both of: (1) liquid phase secondary pollution caused by improperly treated wastewater; and (2) gas phase secondary pollution through emission pathway resulted from factors such as water body perturbation caused by wastewater treatment process. Therefore, this study took a wastewater treatment plant in northern Kaohsiung petrochemical factory as an example and conducted a ten day-times collection and analysis of water and gas samples to monitor the pollution species and concentration trends in liquid phase and gas phase in the factory site, and explore the current situation of secondary pollution caused by water flow and gas emission pathways. This study then coordinated with relevant regulatory standards to develop secondary pollution preventive and control measures for reducing pollutants entering into environment, and actually achieved the objective of pollution reduction. The study results reveal that: (1) this factory site receives three kinds of manufacturing process wastewater with PVC manufacturing process as main contributing source, and the concentration of the wastewater is between 685-123,000 μg/L, overall speaking, the concentration is very unstable and thus increases the workload of subsequent treatment units; (2) the main compounds in wastewater in sequence are dichloromethane (1,786 μg/L), 1,2-dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, chloroform, and methylene chloride, showing that the most major pollutant in the studied factory site is Cl-VOCs and it accounts for 96% of overall pollutants; (3) the gas sample analysis shows a consistent result with the water body analysis, with methylene chloride (787 μg/m3) as the most major pollutant, and the monitoring results in various treatment units show that an emission problem really exists and the most major emission source comes from the pre-treatment unit with bio-reacting tank having an additional aeration system (4,377 μg/m3); (4) through the result of comparison between dynamic sampling equipment and CANISTER sampling, revealed that using a dynamic sampling equipment is indeed better than directly using CANISTER sampling and can better approach the theoretical value, the ratio is between 1~4.12, this not only corroborates that the emission problem is actually serious than expected, but also can even provide as sampling correction for future studies; and (5) coordinated with relevant regulatory standards to conduct comparison and exploration, in terms of liquid phase it can not fully comply with emission control standards, which exceeds the standard by up to 44%, and in terms of gas phase it is also unable to comply with the regulatory standards, so the treatment units are required to carry out secondary preventive and control measures including tank body closing and emission gas recycling processing against top emission gases. Through this study, it is understood that the major pollution problem of wastewater treatment plants in petrochemical industry lies in the secondary pollution caused by emission side. Although it can be improved by establishing relevant secondary pollution preventive and control measures against gas emission, however, these measures can only be partially applied, and yet more accurate simulations and researches are required for various compounds. So if want to fundamentally get rid of all pollution problems through tracing to their origins, it is also required to proceed from water body, such that not only can sustainably resolve pollution problems, and also can help to reduce the requirement of building additional secondary pollution preventive control measures.
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Amdany, Robert. "Passive samplers : development and application in monitoring organic micropollutants in South African water bodies and wastewater." Thesis, 2014.
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Annually, the global environment receives enormous amounts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in addition to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Their ubiquity has made them identifiable contaminants in almost every environmental compartment of the global system. In particular, aquatic systems have been adversely affected by these pollutants. Therefore, effective monitoring, both in ground and surface water, that can reliably assess their environmental impacts is required. Passive samplers have been proposed as suitable options to the traditional grab/spot/bottle sampling approach because they simultaneously sample, isolate and enrich target analytes. Moreover, apart from successfully detecting very low water dissolved analyte concentrations (trace and sub-trace levels), the devices can also provide time weighted average (TWA) concentrations that take into account episodic events. This is usually not practical with other sampling techniques.
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Pete, Kwena Yvonne. "Photocatalytic degradation of dyes and pesticides in the presence of ions." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/308.
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M. Tech. (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of TechnologyWater pollution caused by organic and inorganic contaminants represents an important ecological and health hazard. Simultaneous treatment of organic and inorganic contaminants had gradually gained great scientific interest. Advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis, using TiO2 as a photocatalyst, have been shown to be very robust in the removal of biorecalcitrant pollutants. These methods offer the advantage of removing the pollutants, in contrast to conventional techniques. At present, the main technical challenge that hinder its commercialization remained on the post-recovery of the photocatalyst particles after water treatment. Supporting of the photocatalyst on the adsorbent surface is important as it assists during the filtration step, reducing losses of the materials and yielding better results in degrading pollutants. To overcome this challenge, in this study composite photocatalysts of TiO2/zeolite and TiO2/silica were prepared and investigated to explore the possible application in the simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic compounds from contaminated water. The main objective of this study was to investigate the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in the presence of metal ions using composite photocatalysts. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and zeta potential (ZP) analyses were used to characterize the prepared composite photocatalysts. The successive composite photocatalysts were used in a semi-batch reactor under an irradiation intensity of 5.5 mW/m2 (protected by a quartz sleeve) at 25 ± 3°C for the photocatalytic degradation of synthetic textile (methyl orange) and agricultural (atrazine) wastewater in the presence of ions. The effect of operating parameters such as TiO2 composition on supporting material, particle size, composite photocatalyst loading, initial pollutant concentration and pH were optimized. The effects of inorganic salts and humic acid on dye and pesticides degradation were also studied, respectively. The performance of the photocatalyst reactor was evaluated on the basis of color removal, metal ion reduction, total organic carbon (TOC) reduction, intermediates product analysis and modeling of kinetics and isotherms. Different kinetic and isotherm models were introduced and applied in this work. Important aspects such as error functions with the optimal magnitude were used for the selection of the best suitable model.
European Union. City of Mikkeli, Finland. Water Research Commission (RSA)
Books on the topic "Organic wastewater pollution"
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Elliott, Jeffrey. Industrial wastewater volatile organic compound emissions: Background information for BACT/LAER determinations. Research Triangle Park, N.C: Control Technology Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990.
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V, Miller Cherie, ed. Occurrence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C., 2007-08. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2010.
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Bell, John P. Investigation of stripping of volatile organic contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment systems, phase I. [Toronto]: Environment Ontario, 1988.
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Pruitt, Janet B. Reconnaissance of selected organic contaminants in effluent and ground water at fifteen municipal wastewater treatment plants in Florida, 1983-84. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.
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E, Lee K., Minnesota. Dept. of Health., Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Presesence [i.e. Presence] and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004.
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E, Lee K., Geological Survey (U.S.), Minnesota. Dept. of Health, and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, eds. Presesence [i.e. Presence] and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004.
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E, Lee K., Geological Survey (U.S.), Minnesota. Dept. of Health., and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, eds. Presesence [i.e. Presence] and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000-02. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004.
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Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater effluent and the Big Sioux River in the upper Big Sioux River basin, South Dakota, 2003-2004. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.
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Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater effluent and the Big Sioux River in the upper Big Sioux River basin, South Dakota, 2003-2004. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.
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Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater effluent and the Big Sioux River in the upper Big Sioux River basin, South Dakota, 2003-2004. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Organic wastewater pollution"
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Vigneshwaran, Sivakumar, Palliyalil Sirajudheen, Perumal karthikeyan, Chettithodi Poovathumkuzhi Nabeena, and Sankaran Meenakshi. "Remediation of Persistent Organic Pesticides from Wastewater Matrices—Present and Future Conceptions." In Pollution Control Technologies, 7–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0858-2_2.
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Mandelbaum, Raphi T., Nir Shapir, and Carl Kauffmann. "Degradation of Atrazine in Contaminated Sub-Soil and Wastewater by Whole Cells of Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADP and by the Enzyme Atrazine Chlorohydrolase." In Novel Approaches for Bioremediation of Organic Pollution, 227–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4749-5_23.
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Neppolian, B., M. Ashokkumar, V. Sáez, M. D. Esclapez, and P. Bonete. "Hybrid Sonochemical Treatments of Wastewater: Sonophotochemical and Sonoelectrochemical Approaches. Part II: Sonophotocatalytic and Sonoelectrochemical Degradation of Organic Pollutants." In Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention, 303–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4204-8_11.
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Mohammed Khalid, Karzan. "Correlation between Air Quality and Wastewater Pollution." In Environmental Sustainability - Preparing for Tomorrow. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95582.
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Recently, air pollution is a universal problematic concern which adversely affects global warming and more importantly human body systems. This chapter focuses on the importance of air quality, and indicates the negative effects of emissions originated from both municipal and industrial wastewaters to atmosphere. More importantly, the improvements in wastewater treatment plants to eliminate the crisis of emissions on environment and human health is also clarified. Urbanization and distribution of industrials in urban areas influence the air pollution via releasing pollutants and contaminants to environment. The pollutant emissions from wastewaters are volatile organic compounds, Greenhouse gases and other inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) which are causes to many reactions through atmosphere, then products detriment whole environment and living organisms including human. Moreover, contaminants are also released into air from influents of municipal wastewaters and they are considered as the main resources of most threatened infections in human and other animals. As conclusion, because of the persistently development urbanization and industrialization as the wastewater pollutant sources, the environmental technology regarding wastewater treatments must depend on prevention of emissions to air before thinking on cost and good quality effluents.
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Oladimarun Ogunlowo, Opololaoluwa. "Adsorption Technique an Alternative Treatment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) and Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs)." In Wastewater Treatment. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104789.
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Water is essential to human consumption; however, its pollution is caused by populace activities from both organic and inorganic compounds sources that require serious attention, to provide clean water. Organic contaminants are known as persistent organic pollutants (POP). They are accumulated in the fat tissues of wildlife and human beings and are toxic to their organs. Degradations of POP are very difficult since they are persistent and also termed as semi-volatile, for example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Apart from POPs, others toxic organic contaminants with subtle ecological effects are the emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), like pharmaceutical actives contaminants (PhACs). They penetrate the aquatic environment and alter the natural quality. To obtain future discharge requirements, new technologies with granular activated carbon were developed using Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Bambusa vulgaris in remediating PhACs and PAHs. The activated carbon with KCl had removal efficiency of 73.3, 78.1, and 86.2%, which indicated the highest efficiency for PhACs removal, while adsorbent activated with H3PO4 gave 63.9, 66.7, and 82.2% for paracetamol, salbutamol, and chlorpheniramine, respectively. Removal efficiency of 42.5–81.2% and 8.9–65.5% ranges of PAHs were obtained for CBV and COA, respectively. The alternative adsorption treatment techniques are detailed in the chapter.
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"Industrial Water Pollution and Treatment - Can Membranes be a Solution?" In Organic Pollutants in Wastewater I, 295–351. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291630-11.
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Jose Alguacil, Francisco, and Felix A. Lopez. "Adsorption Processes in the Removal of Organic Dyes from Wastewaters: Very Recent Developments." In Wastewater Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94164.
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The problem of the treatment of contaminated wastewaters is of the upmost worldwide interest. This contamination occurs via the presence of inorganic or organic contaminants of different nature in relation with the industry they come from. In the case of organic dyes, their environmental impact, and thus, their toxicity come from the air (releasing of dust and particulate matter), solid (scrap of textile fabrics, sludges), though the great pollution, caused from dyes, comes from the discharge of untreated effluents into waters, contributing to increase the level of BOD and COD in these liquid streams; this discharge is normally accompanied by water coloration, which low the water quality, and caused a secondary issue in the wastewater treatment. Among separation technologies, adsorption processing is one of the most popular, due to its versatility, easiness of work, and possibility of scaling-up in the eve of the treatment of large wastewater volumes. Within a miriade of potential adsorbents for the removal of organic dyes, this work presented the most recent advances in the topic.
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Prabu, Sakthivel Lakshmana, TNK Suriyaprakash, Ruckmani Kandasamy, and Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy. "Effective Waste Water Treatment and its Management." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 312–34. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9734-8.ch016.
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Worldwide there is an increasing industrialization leads to increased disposal of uncontrolled waste products into the environment which made the environment more pollute and creates hazards. Industrial wastewater is having a major role in the environmental pollution. The major physical, chemical and biological products of the wastewater are solid content, organic matter, in-organic compounds, detergents, soap, cleaning products, metals, gases, volatile compounds, numerous pathogenic microorganisms, nutrients and toxic compounds. Untreated wastewater can cause various environment pollutions problems such as eutrophication or oxygen depletion in the environment. Hence a effective wastewater treatment process and its management is necessary to reduce the contaminants in the permissible levels in the treated waste streams. The final outcome of an effective wastewater treatment and its management is to ensure and provide an appropriate environment protection to the living things and public human beings in the world.
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Prabu, Sakthivel Lakshmana, TNK Suriyaprakash, Ruckmani Kandasamy, and Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy. "Effective Waste Water Treatment and its Management." In Waste Management, 49–72. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch003.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide there is an increasing industrialization leads to increased disposal of uncontrolled waste products into the environment which made the environment more pollute and creates hazards. Industrial wastewater is having a major role in the environmental pollution. The major physical, chemical and biological products of the wastewater are solid content, organic matter, in-organic compounds, detergents, soap, cleaning products, metals, gases, volatile compounds, numerous pathogenic microorganisms, nutrients and toxic compounds. Untreated wastewater can cause various environment pollutions problems such as eutrophication or oxygen depletion in the environment. Hence a effective wastewater treatment process and its management is necessary to reduce the contaminants in the permissible levels in the treated waste streams. The final outcome of an effective wastewater treatment and its management is to ensure and provide an appropriate environment protection to the living things and public human beings in the world.
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Khelfi, Abderrezak. "Sources of Groundwater Pollution." In Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater, 177–210. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5754-8.ch011.
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In many regions in the world, groundwater represents an important source of fresh water. It is now established that several contaminants enter groundwater from a number of sources and pathways. These sources are both natural and anthropogenic. Contamination of groundwater resources by a variety of anthropogenic pollutants from both point and nonpoint sources represents a key global environmental problem. The most frequently identified contaminant sources are industrial manufacturing, agricultural activities, municipal landfills, and wastes. Frequently detected contaminants included nitrates, volatile organic compounds, arsenic, and fluorides. Other contaminant species include solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, disinfectants, detergents, and radionuclides. In this chapter, the main sources and pathways for contaminants in groundwater are reviewed. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimize risk to drinking water and ecosystems. Particular attention is paid to the occurrence of known and potential endocrine disrupting substances in groundwater.
Conference papers on the topic "Organic wastewater pollution"
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Minzatu, V., P. Negrea, A. Negrea, M. Ciopec, B. Bumbu, A. Golban, and A. Vasile. "Removal of organic compounds from industrial wastewater using physico-chemical methods." In WATER POLLUTION 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp160171.
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Boni, M. R., S. Sbaffoni, P. Tedesco, and M. Vaccari. "Mass balance of emerging organic micropollutants in a small wastewater treatment plant." In WATER POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp120301.
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Dauknys, Regimantas, and Aušra Mažeikienė. "Analysis of Requirements for Effluent Quality and their Impact on Status of Rivers." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.074.
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The article analyses Lithuanian rivers, 32 of which have been selected as non-complying with the require-ments of good condition. Furthermore, 15 discharge facilities that discharge wastewater to the aforementioned rivers from agglomerations with population equivalent (PE) greater than 2,000 have been selected. The assessment of the quality of treated wastewater according to the allowable impact on the reception facility has been carried out and has been compared with the currently regulated minimum allowable values of concentrations of pollutants. The analysis of the impact of quality of treated wastewater on the ecological status of rivers has been presented. It has been established that the pollution of rivers would be decreased by an average 8% (organic pollutants and total nitrogen) and by 22% (total phosphorus), if the allowable concentrations of pollutants according to the impact on the reception facility were ensured in the analysed treatment plants with PE greater than 10,000.
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Angappan, Sajeevan, Mudith Karunaratne, Charitha Thambiliyagodage, and Leshan Usgodaarachchi. "Development of Silica-Copper Nanocomposite for Water Purification." In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/vodw8508.
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Water pollution is one of the serious concerns across the world at the moment. Industrial wastewater significantly contributes to the negative impacts caused by water pollution. Textile industries discharge large amounts of effluents into water streams with little or no treatment of the discharge because wastewater treatment is an expensive process. Thus, there exists a need for a cheap and effective way to treat textile effluent that contains dyes before being discharged. A high purity silica-based Nano-adsorbent was synthesized by using rice husk as the commercially available main cheap precursor. Copper-loaded silica nanoparticles were successfully functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) via the sol-gel pathway to enhance the adsorption performance of organic dyes from textile effluent. The performance of produced Nano-adsorbent was evaluated by using methylene blue as waste adsorbate. As synthesized nanomaterial was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the XRD results confirmed the presence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and paramelaconite (Cu4O3) as predicted. The FTIR confirmed the presence of Si–O stretching, N-H bending, C–H stretching, Cu–O stretching and O–H bending vibrations thereby suggesting the presence of SiO2, NH2 groups, CH2, Cu4O3 and physisorbed H2O. The optimum conditions for pH and adsorbent dosage were successfully evaluated for the adsorption process. The optimum pH at which the nanomaterial performed best was at pH 4. The optimum mass of the adsorbent that gave maximum adsorption performance was 20 mg. Kinetic studies revealed that the experimented data was in better correlation with pseudo-second-order kinetics. The outcome of this project would be of interest to textile industries looking for a cheap and effective way to treat textile wastewater. KEYWORDS: Adsorption, APTES, Methylene Blue, Nano adsorbent, Rice Husk, Silica, Sol-gel,
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He, Ye, Dongsheng Zhou, Feng Liu, Xuefei Li, Xingdong Su, Jiawen Li, and Jie Zhan. "Study on the Influencing Factors of Oxidation Degradation for High Concentration Polyvinyl Alcohol Wastewater in Heterogeneous Fenton System." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90445.
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Abstract Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a high molecular polymer, has good barrier property, acid or alkali resistance and degradability, which could be used as personal radiation protective equipment and pollution control articles in the nuclear industry, resulting in degradable radioactive technical wastes after use. The degradation treatment process of PVA degradable technology waste can realize validity separation of radionuclides and reduce the output of radioactive solid waste. In this study, MnxOy/γ-Al2O3, CuxOy/γ-Al2O3, FexOy/γ-Al2O3 and FexCuyMnzOw/γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by the impregnation-calcination method, which were used as catalysts for the oxidative degradation of ultra-high concentration PVA organic waste solution, and the effects of initial pH of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosing, catalyst dosing and initial concentration of PVA solution on the degradation of PVA were analyzed. The results showed that the best overall degradability was achieved by using FexCuyMnzOw/γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles as catalysts with the initial reaction concentration of PVA at 1%, the initial pH of the solution at 3, the reaction temperature at 60 °C, the catalyst dosage at 0.5 g/L and the H2O2 dosage at 60 mL/L. At this time, the concentration decrease rate of PVA could reach more than 95 %, the viscosity average molecular weight of degradation products reached 1395, the molecular weight decrease rate reached 99 %, and the degradation products mainly included butanone, benzaldehyde, hexanal, acetic acid and other unsaturated small molecules. In addition, the mechanism of hydroxyl radical generation by nanoparticles catalyzing hydrogen peroxide was discussed, and the reaction pathway of oxidative degradation of PVA macromolecules by hydroxyl radicals was proposed, which provided a reference for volume reduction treatment of PVA degradable waste in nuclear industry.
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Horn, Erin, and Gundula Proksch. "Sourcing Energy from Waste in the Circular City: Integrated Anaerobic Digestion Toward Long-Term Decarbonization of Cities." In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.18.
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Energy use within buildings contributes to nearly a third of carbon emissions in the United States (Zhang et al. 2019, EPA). Meanwhile, between 30-40% of food in the U.S. is wasted and generates carbon emissions equivalent to that of 37 million cars yearly (UN FAO). Long-term decarbonization strategies within the built environment can look to alternative energy mechanisms which redirect waste resources as inputs to other systems. Circular City models of sustainability accordingly look for potentials to close loops, turning waste into resources and reducing pollution. These approaches are generating increasing interest and seek to advance a very applied approach to sustainability- one which will integrally require leadership from design fields, local governments, and community leadership to succeed. Organic material such as food waste contains significant energy which can be processed by the unique metabolisms of microbes into useful gasses and heat. Anaerobic digesters are one such technology which harness microbial capabilities of fermentation to sustainably process resources and harvest energy in a controlled environment from what would otherwise be merely wasted. While anaerobic digesters are often utilized in wastewater treatment and agricultural contexts, they are not yet broadly utilized within cities, even though urban populations and resource consumption continues to rise. We seek here to explore this underutilized potential and ask what it means for buildings, communities, and their designers, who seek to advance increasing sustainability and reduce waste and pollution in the built environment. Case studies and associated carbon footprint impacts will be calculated and analyzed. Finally, opportunities to leverage this long term decarbonization approach will be discussed, and potential environmental impacts to the carbon cycle contemplated in the context of design of current and future sustainable buildings and Circular Cities in an age of increasingly realized anthropogenic climate change.
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Iordache, Ovidiu, Ioana Corina Moga, Elena Cornelia Mitran, Irina Sandulache, Maria Memecica, Lucia Oana Secareanu, Cristina Lite, and Elena Perdum. "BOD & COD reduction from textile wastewater using bio-augmented HDPE carriers." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.12.
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Textile wastewater effluents are considered one of the most polluting sources, among all industrial sectors, in terms of both effluent volume and composition, with high BOD and COD values. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms in decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) represents the measurement of the oxygen required to oxidize soluble and particulate organic matter in water. The main goal of the present study was the investigation in reduction of both BOD and COD concentrations, in a textile wastewater source, using bio-augmented MBBR specific HDPE carriers (composition: 5% talc, 7% cellulose and 88% High-Density-Polyethylene). The HDPE carriers were bio-augmented in an experimental laboratory installation with five fungi microbial strains (either as a mix or individual strain): 3 own microbial isolates (from decaying wood source) and 2 collection strains, namely Cerioporus squamosus (Basidiomycota phylum) and Fusarium oxysporum (Ascomycota phylum). Results showed a reduction rate of COD value of 53.45%, of HDPE carriers bio-augmented in the experimental laboratory installation (mix inoculation), and BOD reduction rates between 28% (carriers bio-augmented with isolate #2) and 61% (carriers bio-augmented with Cerioporus squamosus strain).
Reports on the topic "Organic wastewater pollution"
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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.
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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.