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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic wastes'
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1
Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Elena Leonte, Carmen Luiza Costuleanu, Sergiu Jitareanu, Dan Donosa, Eugen Teodorescu Soare, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Management of Urban Organic Solid Waste Applied in Romanian Metropolitan City." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6375.
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This paper explains the interest in urban organic solid wastes, the relevance of these wastes to municipal solid waste management, the main ways in which organics are reused, and the problem that arise from the wish to ensure safe and effec�tive reuse as part of sustainable development in cities in Romania. Wastes are substances resulting from biological or technological processes that can no longer be used as such, some of which are reusable. Dangerous substances are any substance or product which, when used in apparently non-hazardous quantities, concentrations or conditions, presents a significant risk to humans, the environment or material goods (eg explosives, oxidizing, flammable, toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritant, mutagenic. Urban administrations nowadays are seeking ways to divert organic wastes from municipal solid waste streams for a variety of reasons, as noted below. Recommenda�tions are made for separation at source so that safe composting can be carried out. Private companies are being encouraged to undertake composting, often via forms of public-private partnerships. More attention is being paid to the role of non-govern�mental organizations in promoting citizen awareness of organic waste issues, and co-operation with separation at source. This paper draws attention to the many informal ways that organic wastes are currently reused, which are rarely taken into account in official plans for managing organic wastes.
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Cameron, K. C., H. J. Di, and R. G. McLaren. "Is soil an appropriate dumping ground for our wastes?" Soil Research 35, no. 5 (1997): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96099.
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New Zealand and Australia generate large quantities of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastes. As authorities move to protect the environment by regulating waste disposal practices, environmentally sound methods of waste disposal are being sought. In particular, land application of wastes as a means of disposal, nutrient re-cycling, and water conservation is becoming increasingly popular. This paper provides an overview of the types, quantities, and characteristics of wastes generated in New Zealand and Australia, and highlights the problems with current waste disposal practices, including landfilling, incineration, and discharging into waters. This is followed by a detailed review of the beneficial effects and adverse impacts of land application of wastes on plant production and soil and environmental quality, and possible hazards to human health. The management of waste application on land is a challenging task and requires rigorous scientific input. Sludges and euents contain significant concentrations of plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Their application on land has been shown, in many cases, to result in significant increases in plant yields and improvements in soil physical conditions and chemical fertility. The constraints with some wastes, particularly those of industrial and municipal origin, are that they contain undesirable constituents, e.g. heavy metals, toxic organics, pathogens, and salts, or have extremely high or low pH. High concentrations of nitrate and phosphate derived from wastes are also of concern for ground and surface water contamination. The processes that control the fate of wastes in the soil are complex and many of them are poorly understood, e.g. rate of release of nutrients and other chemicals; leaching of nutrients, metals, and organics through macropores and as suspended solids; emission of greenhouse gases; impact of solvents, surfactants, and sludge organic matter on the sorption, degradation, and leaching of hydrophobic organics; and the long-term bioavailability and fate of metals and organics fixed by soil organic matter. More research is urgently required to develop a sound understanding of waste characteristics and the processes affecting their fate in the soil in order to ensure that land application of wastes is safe.
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Taneja, Tanvi, Mukesh Kumar, Indu Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Atul Sharma, and Raj Singh. "Composting of Agro-Phyto wastes: An Overview on Process, factors and Applications for Sustainability of Environment and Agriculture." Current World Environment 19, no. 1 (May 10, 2024): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.4.
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Composting is a naturally occurring process that turns organic waste materials like leaves, food scraps, and other organic wastes into a valuable manure that can improve the fertility and structure of the soil by introducing beneficial organisms, humus, and important plant nutrients. By breakdown, this process transforms the organic substance into inorganic and organic components. In recent years, composting received more attention due to pollution concerns. Loss of resources due to the continuous increase in wastes leads to environmental risks. The process of composting is of three types, i.e., aerobic, anaerobic and vermicomposting. Anaerobic composting occurs when there is no oxygen present, whereas aerobic composting occurs when oxygen is present. Vermicomposting is the breakdown of organic wastes by earthworms. The main purpose of composting is to stabilize waste used for land filling and mass reduction of solid waste. Its aim is to recycle the organic wastes to a natural product, i.e., manure. This study reviews the information on the conversion of organic wastes into a compost to reduce the environmental pollution. The use of central composting after separating organic and non-organic waste at source is one of the most innovative strategies especially in the fast-growing cities for the sustainability of environment.
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Shetty, A., and P. M. Biradar. "Biology of the epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida in different organic wastes." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 5 (September 2, 2023): 736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5133.
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Aim: A study was undertaken to know the influence of different organic wastes on the biology of the epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Methodology: Epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida was selected and collected. Organic wastes (Corn stover, Delonix regia and Eichhornia crassipes) which are abundant and locally available were collected and used as feed materials along with cattle manure as control in this experiment. Results: The minimum incubation period and the maximum number of hatchlings per cocoon were observed in cattle manure (Control) as compared to other organic wastes. Percent cocoon hatching was 100% in all organic wastes, including control. The weight of freshly emerged juvenile was almost same in all organic wastes with no significant variations. The worm biomass was maximum in Eichhornia crassipes, whereas growth rate, attainment of sexual maturity and rate of cocoon production was maximum in cattle manure followed by other organic wastes. Interpretation: A successful vermitechnological process not only depends on the type of organic waste, but also depends on the biology of earthworm species. Based on the results, it can be concluded that epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida can be efficiently used in the vermitechnological process for organic waste management so as to maintain the balanced ecosystem. Key words: Eisenia fetida, Epigeic earthworm, Organic wastes, Vermicompost, Worm biology
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Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, Ngoc Tuan Nguyen, Chia-Hung Su, Fu-Ming Wang, Tuyet Nhung Tran, Ying-Tzu Liao, and Shih-Hsiang Liang. "Biodiesel Production from Insects: From Organic Waste to Renewable Energy." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 14 (October 16, 2019): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190422125120.
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The conversion of organic wastes into biodiesel has become an attractive solution to address waste surplus problems and energy depletion. Oleaginous insects can degrade various organic wastes to accumulate fat-based biomass, thus serving as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, the use of insects fed on organic waste for biodiesel production has increasingly attracted considerable investigations. In recent years, different insect species have been studied for their efficiency in converting various organic wastes and for producing biodiesel from their fat. Several methods have been developed for biodiesel production from insects to improve yields and reduce production costs and environmental impacts. This review summarizes the latest findings of the use of insects for converting organic wastes into biodiesel. The production processes and fuel properties of biodiesel produced from insects are also discussed.
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Kamaruddin, Mohamad Anuar, Mohd Suffian Yusoff, and Abdul Hadi Ahmad. "Waste to Wealth: Recovery of Recyclable Items and Biodegradable Wastes from Night Markets at Seberang Perai Selatan, Penang." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.543.
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This study evaluates the potential of recyclable items and biodegradable wastes recovered from selected locations of night markets across Seberang Perai Selatan district, Penang. Three different sizes of night market covering 9 study locations were evaluated based on waste types and the amount generated. By using the coning and quartering technique, it was observed that bigger sizes of night market had higher recyclable items potential. In particular, 177.41 kg/day of wastes discarded which equivalent to RM 104.05 worth of recyclable items. Small night market size was found to only generate 21.1 kg/day of wastes and equivalent to RM 13.55 worth of recyclable items. In terms of organics recovered, about 587 kg of wastes identified as brown organics. Meanwhile, it was recorded that green organics made up about 235 kg out of 822 kg total biodegradable wastes. This study demonstrates that night market has the potential for recovery of recyclable items and organic composting which can reduce the amount of solid waste being disposed at the landfills.
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M. Faisal. "ANALISIS LAJU ALIR SAMPAH DAN EMISI CARBON YANG DIHASILKAN KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 3, no. 4 (January 8, 2015): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v3i4.1646.
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This research aims to analyze the material flow of solid waste of Banda Aceh city by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method. The domestic wastes used in this research are limited to organic waste, plastic and paper. Results show that the solid wastes in Banda Aceh city do not treated well and thus required further treatment process. Wastes are separated at the kampong Jawa waste treatment process. Leaves waste are treated for compost, while no treatment process for plastic and paper wastes. The percentage of organic wastes, paper and plastic produced from Banda Aceh city were 89,1 %; 2,5 %; 0,74 %, respectively. Total amount of waste in the city of Banda Aceh is 86057,64 t/month producing carbon emission of 83726,6 t/month.
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Sagala, Nisa, Yunilas, N. Ginting, N.Br.Ketaren, and D.Purba. "Evaluation of the Fiber Content of Maggot (Hermetia Illucens) Growing Media-Based Organic Waste." Jurnal Peternakan Integratif 10, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpi.v10i3.10438.
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Organic waste is waste that can be decomposed entirely from biological processes and is easily decomposed. Organic waste has low nutrient content and high fibre. Efforts are made to increase the low nutrient content and reduce the high fibre content contained in organic waste, then fermented using local microorganisms (MOL). This study aimed to determine changes in fibre content (NDF, ADF and hemicellulose) in various fermented organic wastes. The method is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely various organic wastes and fermentation time, with three replications. The parameters of this study consisted of NDF, ADF and Hemicellulose. The study showed that the treatment of various organic wastes had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. Fermentation time had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on ADF but had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on NDF and hemicellulose. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between organic waste and fermentation time on ADF content, but there was an interaction with NDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Fermentation of various organic wastes and duration of fermentation using local microorganisms (MOL) can reduce the fibre content of NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. The best fermentation was obtained on vegetable media fermented for two days.
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Bolzonella, D., P. Pavan, S. Mace, and F. Cecchi. "Dry anaerobic digestion of differently sorted organic municipal solid waste: a full-scale experience." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 8 (April 1, 2006): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.232.
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This paper presents a comparison of dry anaerobic digestion reactors fed with differently sorted municipal organic solid wastes. One reactor was fed with source sorted organic wastes and a second reactor was fed with mixed organic wastes consisting of grey wastes, mechanically selected municipal solid wastes and sludge. The two reactors utilised the same process (Valorga) and operational conditions at full scale. The results of the study emphasise the influence of the kind of treated material on the process performances, especially in terms of biogas and methane production, thus, energy reclamation. The reactor treating the source sorted organic waste and the reactor treating the mixed organic wastes generated some 200 m3 and 60 m3 of biogas per ton of waste treated, respectively, while the specific methane production was some 0.40 and 0.13 m3CH4/kgTVS, respectively. The mass balance and the final fate of the digested material from the two reactors were also clearly different. As for the costs, these were some 29 € per ton of treated waste (50% for personnel) and 53 €/ton for disposing of the rejected materials. Incomes were some 100 €/ton (on average) and an other 15 €/ton came from green certificates. The initial investment was 16 million Euros.
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Mortula, Md Maruf, Aqeel Ahmed, Kazi Parvez Fattah, Ghina Zannerni, Syed A. Shah, and Ahmed M. Sharaby. "Sustainable Management of Organic Wastes in Sharjah, UAE through Co-Composting." Methods and Protocols 3, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps3040076.
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Daily human activities and vast green areas produce substantial amounts of organic wastes that end up in landfills with minimal treatment. In addition to the problems associated with landfills, disposal through this method is unsustainable in the long run and does not allow recovering materials from the waste. This paper focuses on the co-composting of different organic wastes produced in The Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), to optimize mixing proportions of three different kinds of wastes—sewage sludge (SS), green waste (GW), and food waste (FW). All three organic wastes were analyzed to determine their chemical composition and the mixing proportions. Ten different mixing proportions as a function of carbon:nitrogen (C:N ratios) were determined and mixed in a NatureMill composter. Compost samples were tested for pH, salinity, conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, organic carbon, phosphorus, total nitrogen, and final C:N ratio after 6 weeks. Results indicate that a period of 5–6 weeks is sufficient for the compost to stabilize. The varying mixing proportions produced a good-quality compost (C:N up to 20:1) with high nutrient content. The study reaffirms that co-composting can be a potential sustainable organic waste management option for the United Arab Emirates.
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Siahaan, F. R., M. Sembiring, Y. Hasanah, and T. Sabrina. "Chemical Characteristics and Plant Growth Regulators of Organic Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1188, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1188/1/012001.
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Abstract Abundant agricultural waste could be used to improve plant growth. This study was to obtain the nutrient characteristics and plant growth regulators (PGR) of organic waste (eggshells, banana peels, moringa leaves, onion peels, bean sprouts, and banana hump) which have the potential as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This research was conducted from July to August 2022 using a descriptive-analytic method. Organic waste was fermented anaerobically. The results showed that nitrogen content in banana peels, moringa leaves, onion peels, bean sprouts, and banana hump required the LOF standard (3-6%) and had the potential to be applied. In addition, eggshells had the highest calcium content (0.149%) compared to other organic wastes. Among the organic wastes, it was found that banana hump, moringa leaves, and onion peels had the highest PGR levels.
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Chong, Calvin. "Experiences with the utilization of wastes in nursery potting mixes and as field soil amendments." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-144.
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The nursery/landscape industry has been one of the fastest growing agricultural sectors in Canada. Since 1980s, the Ornamental Nursery Research Program at the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario (HRIO) has been conducting research which focuses on environmentally friendly production practices. Emphasis is on the use of composted or uncomposted organic wastes as amendments in container potting mixes. Various projects have evaluated mixes derived from wastes such as spent mushroom compost, paper mill sludge, apple pomace, and various types of barks. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the scope of the research expanded to include composting and a wider assortment of wastes such as waxed corrugated cardboard, municipal solid waste compost, wood chips from pallets and furniture and demolition wastes, food wastes, and organic fertilizers manufactured from meat by-products, and selected industrial wastes. Presently, paper mill sludge is being evaluated as field soil amendment for growing nursery shade trees and also for use in rehabilitating marginal, non-agricultural land. Key words: Waste recycling, land rehabilitation, composts, organic wastes, container culture, shade tree culture, ornamentals, nutrition
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Strzelczyk, Maria. "Pilot Study of Generation and Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes in Selected Household in Rural Areas in the South-Western Poland." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2014): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0030.
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Abstract Pilot study of the composition of wastes was carried out in 15 rural family households engaged in agricultural activity. In the study group the average resident of rural areas generates about 166 kg of municipal wastes annually. The conducted studies showed that the composition of municipal wastes coming from rural households changes seasonally. During the periods of summer and autumn, the quantity of bio-wastes increased distinctly. The average mass of wastes transferred to the companies engaged in the collection of wastes in the analyzed rural households is almost 50 kg · M–1. year–1. The studies showed that over 80% of organic wastes (kitchen and garden) is utilized in the place where they are generated. In the studies, organic wastes were collected selectively (in separate bags), which undoubtedly had infiuence on their humidity (70–90%). Laboratory analysis of these wastes showed that the ratio C:N in it was from 7 to 19, whereas pH lay within the limits from 5.8 to 6.9 indicating its very good properties for the composting process. Therefore composting of organic waste from rural household should be recommended as the best way for its disposal and the weight reduction of biodegradable waste going to landfills. Comparison of the analyzed variants showed that some waste other than kitchen and garden does not leave the holding (it is re-used or burned in home hearths).
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Noike, T., and O. Mizuno. "Hydrogen fermentation of organic municipal wastes." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0261.
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Hydrogen gas is recognized as a promising energy resource in the future. Microbial hydrogen fermentation would be an attractive process for hydrogen recovery. In particular, hydrogen production using fermentative bacteria has some advantages such as a high rate of hydrogen production without light. In this study, the hydrogen production from organic wastes was investigated using batch experiments. Bean curd manufacturing waste, rice bran and wheat bran were used as the organic wastes. The effects of solid concentration on the hydrogen production potential and the characteristics of substrate decomposition were investigated. The percentages of hydrogen in the produced gas were between 54–78%, 43–68% and 42–72% for bean curd manufacturing waste, ricebran and wheat bran, respectively. The hydrogen production potentials of bean curd manufacturing waste, rice bran and wheat bran were 14–21, 31–61 and 10–43 ml.g VS−1, respectively. The hydrogen yields from carbohydrate degradation were 2.54, 1.29 and 1.73 mol of H2 mol−1 of hexose for bean curd manufacturing waste, rice bran and wheat bran, respectively. The carbohydrate was rapidly consumed just after inoculation. On the other hand, soluble protein was hardly degraded for each substrate, indicating that carbohydrate was the main source of the hydrogen production.
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Riccardi, Carmela, Francesca Buiarelli, Federica Castellani, Patrizia Di Filippo, Laura Lorini, Mauro Majone, Mariana Matos, et al. "Polychlorinated Biphenyl Profile in Polyhydroxy-alkanoates Synthetized from Urban Organic Wastes." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030659.
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The microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from organic wastes is a valuable process to valorize available renewable resources, such as food wastes and biological sludge. Bioplastics find many applications in various sectors, from medical field to food industry. However, persistent organic pollutants could be transferred from wastes to the final product. The present paper demonstrates that the use of municipal wastes in PHA production is safe for the environment and human health and provides a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) profile in both commercial and waste-based PHA samples. PCB analysis in several PHA samples showed very low concentrations of the target analytes. Commercial PHA samples showed a similar PCB level with respect to PHA samples from municipal waste/sludge and higher than PHA samples from fruit waste. For all analyzed PCBs, detected concentrations were consistently lower than the ones reported in regulatory framework or guidelines.
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K.K, MATHAN. "PHYSICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY MINERAL, ORGANIC AND INDUSTRIAL AMENDMENTS ON A VERTISOL AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD OF FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE CORACANA GEARTN.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 86, December (1999): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00653.
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Application of soil amendments apart from improving the soil physical properties also gave higher yields of finger millet. The efficacy of amendments may be graded as follows: organic amendments> industrial wastes > mineral wastes. Within the above group the order of efficacy in each group was as follows: 1) Organics: Poultry manure> farm yard manure > maize straw > cotton waste. 2) Industrial Wastes: Lime sludge furnace slag > cement dust. 3) Mineral amendments: Gypsum > magnesite> tank silt. Incorporation of amendments resulted in significant reduction in bulk density and soil strength, and increase in hydraulic conductivity, stability index, aggregate stability and available water content.
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Hossain, M. Z., P. von Fragstein, P. von Niemsdorff, and J. Heß. "Effect of Different Organic Wastes on Soil Propertie s and Plant Growth and Yield: a Review." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 48, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2017-0030.
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Abstract The use of organic wastes in agriculture plays a great role in recycling essential plant nutrients, sustaining soil security as well as protecting the environment from unwanted hazards. This review article deals with the effect of different kinds of organic wastes on soil properties and plant growth and yield. Municipal solid waste is mainly used as a source of nitrogen and organic matter, improving soil properties and microbial activity that are closely related to soil fertility. Biowaste and food waste increase pH, nitrogen content, cation exchange capacity, water holding capacity, and microbial biomass in soil. Sewage sludge contains various amounts of organic matter and huge amounts of plant nutrients. Manure is a common waste which improves soil properties by adding nutrients and increases microbial and enzyme activity in soil. It also reduces toxicity of some heavy metals. These organic wastes have a great positive impact on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties as well as stimulate plant growth and thus increase the yield of crops.
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And Pulikeshi M. Biradar, Milind F. Nagannawar, Soumya R. Patil. "GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE EPIGEIC EARTHWORM, EISENIA FETIDA (SAVIGNY, 1826) CULTURED IN VARIOUS ORGANIC WASTES." Journal Of Advanced Zoology 42, no. 01 (November 30, 2021): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v42i01.5.
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: The study was carried out to evaluate the influence and suitability of various organic wastes on growth and reproduction of the epigeic earthworm, E. fetida maintained at uncontrolled laboratory environmental conditions. There was a much variation in biomass, growth rate and cocoon production by this earthworm in different organic wastes such as False Ashoka Waste-FAW (Polyalthia longifolia), Parthenium Waste- PW (Parthenium hysterophorus), Cotton Residue Waste- CRW (Gossypium), Lawn Grass Waste- LGW (Agrostis) and Control- Cattle manure-CM used in these experiments. The mean maximum (923.54 ±1122.59) and minimum (481.47±56.13) biomass of worm was observed in PW and FAW respectively. The mean growth rate of worm was 6316.10±529.36, 11836.00±1086.30, 9053.00±807.22, 6969.00±582.42, 10842.00±1011.50 observed in FAW, PW, CRW, LGW and CM (control) respectively. There is a significant variation (P0.05) in both worm biomass and growth rate of worms was observed among all the organic wastes, whereas no significant variation was noticed in between different organic wastes, except between PW & FAW, CM & FAW, LGW & PW and CM & LGW in biomass and between LGW & FAW; CM & PW and CM & CRW in growth rate respectively.
The attainment of sexual maturity and 100% maturity was observed early in Control-CM on 6 th week and 8th week followed by all other organic wastes on 7 th week and 9th week respectively. The maximum cocoon production worm/week was observed in Control-CM with 2.86±0.37 followed by CRW (2.16±0.30), PW (2.11±0.30), FAW (1.95±0.27) and it was least in LGW (1.28±0.18). The cumulative cocoon number (CCN)/worm for 17 weeks was 33.27, 35.95, 36.77, 21.77, and 48.65 in FAW, PW, CRW, LGW, and CM respectively. Significant difference (P0.05) was also noticed in cocoon production among and between different organic wastes, except between PW & FAW, CRW & FAW and CRW & PW. Based on the results, it can be concluded that biomass, growth rate, attainment of sexual maturity and cocoon production of the epigeic earthworm, E. fetida were influenced much by different organic wastes, that inturn affect on the production of quantity and quality vermicompost and worm multiplication during vermicomposting process. This work also suggests that epigeic earthworms are very much choosy in selection of particular type of organic wastes for their growth, development and cocoon production
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Bhunia, Shantanu, Ankita Bhowmik, Rambilash Mallick, and Joydeep Mukherjee. "Agronomic Efficiency of Animal-Derived Organic Fertilizers and Their Effects on Biology and Fertility of Soil: A Review." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050823.
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Healthy soils are essential for progressive agronomic activities. Organic fertilization positively affects agro-ecosystems by stimulating plant growth, enhancing crop productivity and fruit quality and improving soil fertility. Soil health and food security are the key elements of Organic Agriculture 3.0. Landfilling and/or open-dumping of animal wastes produced from slaughtering cause environmental pollution by releasing toxic substances, leachate and greenhouse gases. Direct application of animal carcasses to agricultural fields can adversely affect soil microbiota. Effective waste management technologies such as thermal drying, composting, vermicomposting and anaerobic digestion transform animal wastes, making them suitable for soil application by supplying soil high in organic carbon and total nitrogen. Recent agronomic practices applied recycled animal wastes as organic fertilizer in crop production. However, plants may not survive at a high fertilization rate due to the presence of labile carbon fraction in animal wastes. Therefore, dose calculation and determination of fertilizer application frequency are crucial for agronomists. Long-term animal waste-derived organic supplementation promotes copiotrophic microbial abundance due to enhanced substrate affinity, provides micronutrients to soils and protects crops from soil-borne pathogens owing to formation of plant-beneficial microbial consortia. Animal waste-derived organically fertilized soils possess higher urease and acid phosphatase activities. Furthermore, waste to fertilizer conversion is a low-energy requiring process that promotes circular bio-economy. Thus, considering the promotion of soil fertility, microbial abundance, disease protection and economic considerations application of animal-waste-derived organic fertilizer should be the mainstay for sustainable agriculture.
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Riagbayire, Fortune, and Zannatul Nayem. "Biogas: An Alternative Energy Source for Domestic and Small-Scale Industrial Use in Nigeria." American Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajise.v2i1.1217.
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In Nigeria today, there is a lot of waste that is being generated on a daily basis. From Domestic wastes to kitchen wastes, poultry and livestock not excluded. Due to the current energy crisis and climate change, the country could benefit greatly from an alternative energy source which is eco-friendly, renewable, sustainable and efficient. This alternative energy source is called ‘’Biogas”. Biogas is formed by anaerobic digestion of organic materials. Biogas can be produced from kitchen wastes, cow dungs, poultry, pig faeces, etc. These wastes from the Bio-digester can later be treated as a by-product to give a nutrient rich organic fertilizer that can be used in farmlands and gardens. This paper outlines the benefits of organic waste and its potentials for domestic as well as industrial use when compared to other conventional fuels. The selected organic wastes that were thoroughly analyzed in this research work are; Human excreta, Pig excreta, sheep and goat excreta, abattoir waste, poultry excreta, cattle excreta, crop residue and municipal waste. Using computational techniques based on standard measurement. It was deduced that Nigeria generates about 591 million tons of the selected organic waste per annum. The results obtained from the research work shows that biogas has the potential of yielding about 32.29 billion m3 of biogas equivalent to 178 894 587.6 MWh. This estimated biogas yield will completely displace use of kerosene and coal for domestic cooking hereby reducing the consumption of wood fuel by 70%. The research also gives a recommendation for government and also the NGOs to encourage waste to energy mobilization and support its implementation in rural areas of the country.
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Chen, Xiaodong, Jinggui Wu, and Yaa Opoku-Kwanowaa. "Effects of Organic Wastes on Soil Organic Carbon and Surface Charge Properties in Primary Saline-alkali Soil." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247088.
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High salinity and low fertility have restricted crop production in primary saline-alkali soils. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and surface charge characteristics affect the soil fertility and soil colloid characteristics of primary saline-alkali soils, respectively. In this paper, the SOC and surface charge properties of primary saline-alkaline soil under organic wastes applications were assessed. Five treatments were involved in this experiment: chemical fertilizer combined with sheep manure (SM), corn straw (CS), fodder grass (FG), and granular corn straw (GS), while chemical fertilizer only was used as control (CK). The content of SOC was significantly different under different organic wastes application (p < 0.05). Treatment GS recorded the highest content of SOC compared with the other treatments. In addition, the content of each SOC density fraction increased after the application of organic wastes. Similarly, the application of organic wastes, increased the proportion of organic carbon in free light fraction (Fr-FLOC) and organic carbon in occluded fraction (Oc-FLOC) in the soil however the proportion of organic carbon in heavy fraction (HFOC) decreased. In this study, we found that treatment GS has a greater impact on soil surface charge properties than other treatments, and through redundancy analysis (RDA) the content of SOC and Fr-LFOC (F = 24.704, p = 0.004; F = 19.594, p = 0.002) were identified as the main factors affecting the surface charge properties of soil organic carbon. In conclusion, GS is the recommended organic waste for ameliorating primary saline-alkali soil, as compared to the other organic waste treatments.
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Karthikeyani, T., K. Sivasubramanian, M. Maheswari, N. Chitra, S. Saravanan, P. Jothimani, and S. Karthika. "The Efficiency of Black Soldier Fly Larvae with Vegetable, Fruit and Food Waste as Biological Tool for Sustainable Management of Organic Waste." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i23959.
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This study investigated the sustainable management of wet organic waste using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) for an innovative biological approach to waste management. The organic wet wastes such as fruit, vegetable, and food wastes were processed and fed to BSFL larvae from day 5 and the bioconversion process was carried out at Black Soldier Fly Unit, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University for 21 days. Among the three wastes, the highest bioconversion efficiency was recorded in fruit waste with 67% Substrate Reduction, 10.8% Efficiency of Conversion of Digested feed, 5.7% Bio Conversion Rate, and 4.18 Waste Reduction Index after 21 days. Whereas vegetable and food waste achieved similar bioconversion efficiency. The results suggest that BSFL-based bioconversion can be an effective and eco-friendly waste management and resource recovery technique to significantly lower the volumes of organic wet waste while converting it into high-value biomass and leading to a circular economy model.
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Offie, Ndubuisi N., and Anselm A. Enete. "Analysis of Extent of Organic Waste Use in Urban Agriculture in Enugu State, Nigeria." World Scientific Research 7, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.510.2020.71.17.21.
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Addition of organic manure to soils improves soil texture, structure and condition (aeration and temperatures) of the soil. Regardless of the importance of organic manure, organic wastes are carelessly dumped at dumpsites and on the streets, with government of the day, showing a lack of capacity to contain them. This underutilized resource can be utilized in urban farming, resulting in the reduction of the ever increasing waste volumes carelessly dumped on the streets by urban households. This paper was aimed at ascertaining the extent of organic waste (manure) use in urban farming and also determine the factors affecting extent of organic waste use in urban farming. Data were collected from Enugu and Nsukka urban centres, Nigeria. From the two centres, 120 household heads that use organic waste in urban farming were randomly selected and used in the study. The results show that extent of organic waste use (poultry and pig manure) was high; indicating that biodegradable organic waste from dumpsites can equally be used in farming, if they are sorted and bagged. Factors that affected extent of organic waste use in urban farming include household heads’ number of years spent in formal school, farming experience, gender, occupation, age, income level and farm size. Other factors include price of organic manure, price of chemical fertilizers and availability of organic manure. The results of this study underscore the need for government to explore various cost-effective ways of treating wastes, so that farmers can use wastes from dumpsites more in their farm productions.
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Sayara, Tahseen, and Antoni Sánchez. "A Review on Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Wastes: Pretreatments and Operational Conditions." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214655.
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) has become extremely popular in the last years to treat and valorize organic wastes both at laboratory and industrial scales, for a wide range of highly produced organic wastes: municipal wastes, wastewater sludge, manure, agrowastes, food industry residuals, etc. Although the principles of AD are well known, it is very important to highlight that knowing the biochemical composition of waste is crucial in order to know its anaerobic biodegradability, which makes an AD process economically feasible. In this paper, we review the main principles of AD, moving to the specific features of lignocellulosic wastes, especially regarding the pretreatments that can enhance the biogas production of such wastes. The main point to consider is that lignocellulosic wastes are present in any organic wastes, and sometimes are the major fraction. Therefore, improving their AD could cause a boost in the development in this technology. The conclusions are that there is no unique strategy to improve the anaerobic biodegradability of lignocellulosic wastes, but pretreatments and codigestion both have an important role on this issue.
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Ciawi, Yenni, Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti, Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat, and Yan Ramona. "Production of Biogas As An Alternative Green Energy with Organic Wastes As The Main Raw Materials." Jurnal Veteriner 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2023.24.1.138.
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This research focused on the utilization of four different organic wastes, namely snake fruit, orange, cabbage, and tomato wastes, for the production of biogas. The main objectives were twofold: (1) to investigate the characteristics and biodegradability of these wastes, and (2) to evaluate their potential for anaerobic methane production. The experiment was conducted using 250 L bioreactors, with the four wastes serving as the primary raw materials. A starter culture of cattle dung was added, and the mixture was incubated for eight weeks. Regular sampling and analysis were carried out to assess water content, biodegradability, specific rate of volatile m aterial reduction, and gas yield. The results showed that the water content of the four waste systems remained relatively consistent throughout the experiment. Biodegradability analysis revealed that all of the wastes were biodegradable, with varying levels of degradation ranging from 23.10 ± 2.89% to 59.84 ± 4.17%. Snake fruit waste exhibited the highest resistance to degradation, while tomato waste was the most easily degradable. Kinetic analysis indicated specific rates of volatile material reduction (µ) of 0.006±0.0006 per day for the most resistant waste and 0.0170 ± 0.0021 per day for the least resistant waste. The Incorporation of these four waste types in the biogas production process had a positive effect on gas formation. Therefore, these organic wastes hold promise as valuable resources for biogas production, addressing both the Issue of waste accumulation and the energy crisis in an environmentally beneficial manner
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Sharma, B. S., and A. Khajuria. "Assesment of bio-medical waste generated in Government hospitals, Agra city (India)." Environment Conservation Journal 9, no. 3 (December 18, 2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2008.090319.
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Bio-medical wastes include anatomical, pathological and clinical infectious/ hazardous organic and inorganic wastes. These wastes are disposed off in unscientifically manner. The study has been conducted in the government healthcare establishment only to reveal the per day waste generation on each patient, present mode of waste management within the units bed our suggestions which has helped the units to improve their waste management practices, in the city of Agra.
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Yuliani, Farida, Diana Kristiowati, and Chris Hermyantono. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Cairan Serbaguna Eco-Enzyme dari Sampah Organik dan Cara Pemanfaatannya di Desa Gondangmanis, Bae, Kudus." PRIMA: Journal of Community Empowering and Services 6, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prima.v6i1.60122.
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<p><strong>Training on Making Eco-Enzyme Multipurpose Liquids from OrganicWastes and How to Use in Gondangmanis Village, Bae, Kudus. </strong>Eco-Enzyme (EE) is a multifunctional liquid produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, especially from fresh fruit and vegetable wastes. Until now, most Indonesian citizens have not known about this enzyme, including the partner, residents of Gondangmanis Village, Bae District, Kudus Regency. This training aims to enable the partners to produce EE from organic wastes at the household level and its application. The direct benefit of this activity is to add value to household waste. The indirect benefit is to increase the volume of recyclable wastes towards zero waste. The used method consisted of lectures, practices of EE production, storage, and application. The EE production practice used a plastic drum with a capacity of 120 liter filled with 90 liter of water, 27 kg of organic wastes, and 9 kg of molasses. The result showed that total EE produced was 73 liter, smells good with light brown, and at a pH of 3.0. The partner used the EE for household cleaning, air purification, and floodwater purification. There is a percentage increase in participants' understanding of 90% who initially did not know EE to be able to make and apply it. Using organic waste for EE production can reduce as much as 50% of the amount of organic waste.</p>
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Kübler, Hans, and Cosima Schertler. "Three-phase anaerobic digestion of organic wastes." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0636.
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A new process has been developed for efficient anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The BTA-process comprises pretreatment of incoming waste followed by a three-phase anaerobic biology consisting of acidification, solids hydrolysis and methanization. One main fraction of organic wastes is cellulose causing a diauxie effect during anaerobic digestion. Acidification of the pretreated waste occurs spontaneously, and is not limited by the level of anaerobic microorganisms in the waste. Solid retention time and pH in the hydrolysis reactor have an important influence on volatile solids degradation. Favourable conditions are pH 6.7 and solid retention times of 50 to 60 hours. Cellulose to lignin ratios in the products indicate an extensive degradation of cellulose.
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Wang, Bo, Meng Lu, Lixin Zhao, Zhezhou Zhang, Yihua Zhao, and Songyan Qin. "Feeding preparation strategy for the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) system for disposing of liquid hazardous waste." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.089.
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Abstract Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology has a great potential application for the disposal of liquid hazardous wastes. The feeding process is vital for the safety and normal operation of SCWO. This paper describes the feeding preparation strategy of SCWO with multilevel grouping and programming. Based on the physicochemical properties, the liquid hazardous wastes from various industrial manufacturers were first grouped into acid, neutral and alkaline groups. By mixing between samples, the primary grouping tanks were determined to be acid, alkali, amphoteric reacting, organic and organic high-chlorine liquid wastes. By distributing acid, alkali, amphoteric reacting liquid wastes into organic wastes, three parallel feeding routes are regulated for the homogenizing tank phase, which avoids the reaction between wastes. By calculating with the linear programming optimization model of MATLAB, the waste compatibility ratio of each feeding route was determined to meet the feeding requirements of SCWO. The feeding preparation strategy of this paper provides a practical instruction for the SCWO design and operation.
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Boonyaroj, Varinthorn, Melin Khonthee, Nuanjira Maneewong, and Chatchai Doungkaew. "In-Vessel Composting of Municipal Solid Waste with Varied Press Air and Organic Fraction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.132.
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This research aims to evaluate the performance of laboratory-scale in-vessel composting bioreactor for the organic wastes fraction of municipal solid wastes in Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok. The bioreactor was special designed and used for this research with working volume of the reactor was 10 L, and it was operated with varied press air and organic wastes fraction. Obtained results showed that organic fraction of municipal solid waste could be composted successfully in 20 days. The qualities of compost in terms of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N), temperature, pH value, moisture content (%M), total nitrogen (%N), potassium (K2O), phosphorus (P2O5), organic matter (%OM), and organic carbon (%OC) were investigated.
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Al-kaabi, Falah Kareem Hadi. "Supercritical water oxidation for the treatment of various organic wastes: A review." International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 6, no. 4 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.6.4.1.
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The removal of complex organic and chemical industrial wastes is not accessible using conventional treatment methods. Incineration and hydrothermal oxidation under supercritical conditions are two options for dealing with a wide range of hazardous wastes. Incineration is an effective treatment for removing hazardous waste. The main disadvantages of incineration are a source of unwanted emissions and high operating costs. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is considered a green technology for destroying organic waste with friendly environmental emissions. The removal efficiency reached 99.99% within a short residence time. In this review, the treatment of organic waste by SCWO is shown using co-fuel and catalysts to enhance the performance of SCWO.
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Dar, Khursheed Ahmad, and Senthilmurugan S. "Municipal solid waste as the prospective substrate for earthworm Eisenia fetida to convert waste into manure." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2022.v07.i01.003.
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Organic wastes or bio-wastes are not “waste” but prospective bio-resources. Management of bio-waste by technical methods has become a burning issue in the present time. In the present study cow dung (CD), Mango litter (ML) and Municipal solid waste (MSW) was treated with earthworm Eisenia fetida in different mixture ratios of the substrate. Waste was converted into organic manure along with increase in biomass and number of earthworms. This is supposed to be due to the rich concentration of OC, N, P and microbial population.
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Yadav, Harshdeep, Shivanshu Sharma, and Kavita Bhadu. "Sustainable use of agricultural waste." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.1/336-341.
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In India, which is mostly an agricultural nation, there are a lot of agricultural byproducts and wastes. The wastes and byproducts produced by agriculture are primarily organic in origin and contain nearly all of the nutrients required by plants. The biological cycle may be maintained by recycling waste and incorporating agricultural outputs into crop fields. The agricultural wastes may also be utilised as animal feed, organic manures and as a source of raw materials for ethanol and bioenergy production, among other things.
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Long, Rebecca J., Rebecca N. Brown, and José A. Amador. "Growing Food with Garbage: Effects of Six Waste Amendments on Soil and Vegetable Crops." HortScience 52, no. 6 (June 2017): 896–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11354-16.
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Using organic wastes as agricultural amendments is a productive alternative to disposal in landfills, providing nutrients for plant growth and carbon to build soil organic matter. Despite these benefits, a large fraction of organic waste is sent to landfills. Obstacles to the adoption of wastes as sources of plant nutrients include questions about harmful effects to crops or soils and the wastes’ ability to produce satisfactory yields. We compared six organic waste amendments with a mineral fertilizer control (CN) to determine effects on soil quality, soil fertility, crop quality, and crop yield in 2013 and 2014. Waste amendments were applied at a rate sufficient to supply 10,000 kg organic C/ha over two seasons, and mineral fertilizer was applied to control plots to provide 112 kg-N/ha/yr. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates and three crops: sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Applause, Brocade, and Montauk), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne cv. JWS 6823), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Eva). Amendment with biosolids/yard waste cocompost (BS), dehydrated restaurant food waste (FW), gelatin manufacturing waste (GW), multisource compost (MS), paper fiber/chicken manure blend (PF), and yard waste compost (YW) did not have a negative impact on soil moisture, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), or the concentration of heavy metals in soil or plant tissue. Our results indicate potential uses for waste amendments including significantly raising soil pH (MS) and increasing soil organic matter [OM (YW and BS)]. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) of waste amendments was not a reliable predictor of soil inorganic N levels, and only some wastes increased potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) levels relative to the control. Plots amended with BS, FW, and GW produced yields of sweet corn, butternut squash, and potatoes comparable with the control, whereas plots amended with YW, PF, and MS produced lower yields of sweet corn, squash, or both, although yields for potatoes were comparable with the control. In addition, the marketability of potatoes from PF plots was significantly better than that of the control in 2014. None of the wastes evaluated in this study had negative impacts on soil properties, some provided benefits to soil quality, and all produced comparable yields for at least one crop. Our results suggest that all six wastes have potential to be used as sources of plant nutrients.
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Nunes Pereira, Tatiane, Fabiana Rocha Pinto, David Barbosa de Alencar, and Gisele De Freitas Lopes. "Waste Reuse in a food establishment for the production of organic fertilizer in Manaus - Amazonas." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1877.
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Organic waste has been a threat to society and the environment, both by the amount generated and the inadequate treatment. Seeking solutions to these wastes, composting becomes an efficient process through accelerated biodegradation. The present study aimed to analyze the reuse of organic waste generated in a food establishment in Manaus-AM. The quantitative methodology presented two steps, weighing for three (3) weeks daily, (i) the waste generated in the kitchen and (ii) discarded by consumers, in addition to the total compost generated by the compost, as a basis for treatment of this material, as way of minimizing the amount of these wastes, analyzing the productive activities of this establishment. Given the results obtained it was observed a disposal of almost 30 kg / week, which if estimated, can reach a value of 0.5 tons / year, for each type of disposal evaluated, totaling a value that can reach 1 ton of organic waste disposed of by this small food establishment. Analyzing the composting process, the data show that there is a reduction in the amount of materials generated, due to their transformation into organic fertilizer, obtaining 50% of the total value produced from the waste, thus indicating a solution to the problems arising from the incorrect disposal of waste. organic matter, which is close to 54% of this waste generated in Brazil. In addition, currently about 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted and there are on average about 815 million hungry people in the world, proving to be an alternative of economic, social and ecological viability.
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Szaja, Aleksandra, Agnieszka Montusiewicz, and Magdalena Lebiocka. "Challenges of Hydrodynamic Cavitation of Organic Wastes." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 7936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157936.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) as a pre-treatment method for selected organic wastes. In these HC experiments, municipal wastewater (MW) and mature landfill leachate (MLL) as well as mixtures of lignocellulosic waste (LB) suspended in these waste streams were investigated. For all HC tests, the same operational parameters were assumed: an inlet pressure of 7 bar, and 30 recirculations through the cavitation zone. A steel orifice plate with a conical concentric hole of 3/10 mm was used as the HC inductor. In almost all the materials analysed, solubilisation and decomposition of complex organic matter were observed, which were confirmed by an improved biodegradability index (BI) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) content in the cavitated mixtures. The exception was the series with sole MW; in this case, the BI was reduced. In turn, regarding the multicomponent mixtures, more beneficial results were found for LB and MW, which were confirmed by improved BI, alkalinity and SCOD content. The results obtained indicate that HC might be applied as a pre-treatment method for selected organic wastes for further biomethane production. However, a key factor in its successful application is the selection of suitable operational conditions chosen individually for each waste type.
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Sawetrattanakul, S., S. N. Jansri, N. Tantranont, and W. Setthapun. "Appropriate guidelines of Waste Management for Keudchang Sub-district, Maetang District, Chiangmai province, Thailand." AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 3, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v3i1.10.
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Waste management is one of the major problems around the world. Governments and global organizations are starting to pay attention to the amount of waste left behind. Thai government drafted the National policies of waste management to manage waste in sustainable ways. Keudchang Sub-district confronts waste management problems due to the increase in the amount of waste, insufficient area for disposal, roadside and riverside litters, an illegal dump of rubbish in forests, and air pollution from waste incineration. The purposes of this research were to study the amount of waste and waste composition in 8 villages of Keudchang Community (KC), and develop appropriate guidelines of waste management. This participatory research collects data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data sources include interviews and set up a public hearing stage with stakeholders in KC. Secondary data include a documentary of community context, meeting minutes, and other related documents. Qualitative data were analyzed with the content analysis method. The results showed that the KC produce an average of waste to 4,062.02 kg/day. These wastes could be classified into 4 types including organic waste (45.83%), recycle waste (28.01%), general waste (15.55%), and hazardous waste (10.60%) respectively. An individual person at KC produces an average of waste at 0.98 kg/day. Additionally, the results from conducting a public hearing stage of 8 villages revealed community awareness and solutions for waste management. All people in KC need to sort their wastes properly before disposal in 4 ways. First, organic waste. Each household needs to dig a hole and dump the organic wastes into it. The organic wastes should be managed and separated from other wastes. Second, recycle waste. Various approaches to recycle waste include waste credit bank (WCB), waste volunteer, monthly fee, and self-management. The WCB would be a hub for the communities to make profits and reduce landfill wastes. A waste volunteer would be a volunteer person who buys community wastes and sell them to outsiders. The monthly fee would be an approach where each household pays 70 baht/month to a garbage collector. Self-management would be another approach where households sort out, eliminate, sell, and manage wastes by themselves. Third, general waste. General waste could be divided into 2 groups as profitable waste and community dumping ground. Profitable waste could be sold to WCB or waste stores by each household. Community dumping ground would be an area allocated to all households for waste disposal. All households would not allow to throw garbage or wastes into other areas, but community dumping ground. Finally, hazardous waste. Hazardous waste would need to dispose of carefully in the trash can located at the office of the village headman. The findings from this study suggested setting up a waste management committee (WMC), as well as defining their roles and responsibilities. Local administrative organizations and community leaders also need to support, supervise, and control community waste management for resource-efficient and sustainable societies
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Tuyet, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Phuoc Dan, Nguyen Cong Vu, Nguyen Le Hoang Trung, Bui Xuan Thanh, Heleen De Wever, Marcel Goemans, and Ludo Diels. "Laboratory-scale membrane up-concentration and co-anaerobic digestion for energy recovery from sewage and kitchen waste." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (October 20, 2015): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.535.
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This study assessed an alternative concept for co-treatment of sewage and organic kitchen waste in Vietnam. The goal was to apply direct membrane filtration for sewage treatment to generate a permeate that is suitable for discharge. The obtained chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in the permeate of ultrafiltration tests were indeed under the limit value (50 mg/L) of the local municipal discharge standards. The COD of the concentrate was 5.4 times higher than that of the initial feed. These concentrated organics were then co-digested with organic kitchen wastes at an organic loading rate of 2.0 kg VS/m3.d. The volumetric biogas production of the digester was 1.94 ± 0.34 m3/m3.d. The recovered carbon, in terms of methane gas, accounted for 50% of the total carbon input of the integrated system. Consequently, an electrical production of 64 Wh/capita/d can be obtained when applying the proposed technology with the current wastes generated in Ho Chi Minh City. Thus, it is an approach with great potential in terms of energy recovery and waste treatment.
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Nowak, O., R. Melcher, and P. Enderle. "Evaluation of the reject waters from co-digestion of solid wastes from agro-industries in a municipal WWTP." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 10 (May 1, 2007): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.304.
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Overcapacities of anaerobic digesters at municipal WWTPs are frequently used for the treatment of organic wastes in order to increase the biogas production. However, “co-digestion” of organic wastes leads to additional nitrogen loading and to additional loads of non-biodegradable COD. The effects of (co-) digestion of organic wastes from agro-industries (slaughterhouses, dairies and leather industry) on the wastewater cycle have been evaluated in full-scale investigations at Leoben WWTP with a capacity of 90,000 pe where the methane production was increased from 700 to more than 1,700 Nm3 CH4 per day. For this evaluation, mass balances for COD and nitrogen have been applied to estimate the fluxes of these substances. Application of this method is described in detail. As the additional loadings, it was found that related to methane production less nitrogen is released from the organic wastes than from the waste sludge. While the ammonia nitrogen load in the effluent from sludge digestion was about 100 g NH4-N per Nm3 of CH4 produced, in the effluent from the digestion of organic wastes only 70 g NH4-N/Nm3 CH4 were found. The decrease in the COD removal efficiency after digestion of the organic wastes started was not regarded as significant enough to be seen as a consequence of the treatment of external substrate.
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Ananda, Resti, Henny Johan, Euis Nursaadah, Aceng Ruyani, and Harlita. "Effect of Feeding Fruit and Vegetable Wastes on Growth and Protein Content of BSF Maggot (Hermetia illucens)." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.22.1.43-49.
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Black Soldier Fly maggot can reduce the amount of organic waste, especially fruit and vegetable wastes. Its break down organic waste into its food containing very high protein, so it become a promising animal feed. This study aimed to analyze effect of feeding tomato fruit waste and mustard vegetable waste on the growth and protein content of BSF maggot (Hermetia illucens). This study applied a complete randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments (different percentages of tomato and mustard vegetable wastes) and 3 replications. The growth parameters measured were mass, length, thickness of BSF maggot which were analyzed statistically using the ANOVA test and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Protein content was analyzed using the automatic Kjeldahl test. Our results showed that feeding fruit and vegetable wastes have a significant effect on growth (mass, length, thickness) and maggot protein levels. It can be concluded that feeding fruit and vegetable wastes affect the growth (mass, length, thickness) and protein content of BSF maggot. Key words: growth, maggot, mustard waste, protein, tomato waste
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Fathima Rehana Munas, J. A. D. A. S. Appuhamy, and Abdul Majeed Muzathik. "Design And Fabrication of a Domestic Biogas Unit for Cooking Applications." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 88, no. 3 (November 11, 2021): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.88.3.156164.
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This paper presents the design and fabrication of a domestic biogas unit by using daily organic waste for cooking. Basically, this unit consists a gas storage unit and a digester barrel. Initially, the organic wastes including kitchen wastes were deposited into the digester barrel which contains water with pH 6 once in every two days for two weeks. Then the mix started to produce biogas when the pH value reached around 6.8-7.5. After that food wastes were added slowly every day. When this step is continued further, the daily collection of biogases is 50 liters. As the digestate of this anaerobic digester is rich in nutrients this is also a good organic fertilizer for plants in the home garden. Also, this unit is designed and fabricated with easy maintenance and usage. Further, it is very much beneficial to dispose biodegradable kitchen wastes in an eco-friendly manner. In order to answer the energy demand in domestic level, it is highly essential to utilize the daily organic waste as a source of energy and produce methane as an alternative solution for cooking-energy requirement.
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Millot, N., N. Dalga, and N. Foussard. "Two Options for Treatment of Acidic Organic Industrial Wastes." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0002.
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The treatment of acidic, organic, industrial wastes poses many problems. These wastes are characterized by a high organic concentration and pH values approaching zero. The classic treatment processes (incineration, physicochemical treatment, solidification) are plagued by problems with corrosion, by-products formation and ultimate disposal. This paper proposes two new processes for treating these wastes. The first technique is a pressurized oxidation process at high temperature. Results show total organic carbon (TOC) removal above 96%. The second proposed technique is an improved solidification which incorporates an adsorbent into the solid to immobilize the organic content. A very thick sludge (solids about 60%) is obtained which dries very quickly. Tests on the solids indicate that any leachate formed will be much lower in strength than leachate from the classic solidification process. Landfill disposal of the solidified waste is possible under proper conditions.
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Hovorukha, Vira, Olesia Havryliuk, Galina Gladka, Oleksandr Tashyrev, Antonina Kalinichenko, Monika Sporek, and Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka. "Hydrogen Dark Fermentation for Degradation of Solid and Liquid Food Waste." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071831.
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The constant increase in the amount of food waste accumulating in landfills and discharged into the water reservoirs causes environment pollution and threatens human health. Solid and liquid food wastes include fruit, vegetable, and meat residues, alcohol bard, and sewage from various food enterprises. These products contain high concentrations of biodegradable organic compounds and represent an inexpensive and renewable substrate for the hydrogen fermentation. The goal of the work was to study the efficiency of hydrogen obtaining and decomposition of solid and liquid food waste via fermentation by granular microbial preparation (GMP). The application of GMP improved the efficiency of the dark fermentation of food waste. Hydrogen yields reached 102 L/kg of solid waste and 2.3 L/L of liquid waste. The fermentation resulted in the 91-fold reduction in the weight of the solid waste, while the concentration of organics in the liquid waste decreased 3-fold. Our results demonstrated the potential of granular microbial preparations in the production of hydrogen via dark fermentation. Further development of this technology may help to clean up the environment and reduce the reliance on fossil fuels by generating green hydrogen via recycling of household and industrial organic wastes.
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Lăcătuşu, Radu, Romeo Căpăţână, and Anca-Rovena Lăcătuşu. "Composite Compost Produced from Organic Waste." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2016-0024.
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Abstract The soil fertilization in ecological agriculture is done mostly using organic fertilizers. Some of them are prepared as compost from waste, but other haven’t, until now, any recycling possibility. In this context, for the preparation of new types of compost, we used three type of waste: sewage sludge from waste water treatment, marine algae and farmyard manure. We have made four different composting variants, each consisting of different proportions of the three waste: equal parts (33.33%) of each waste, 50% of each of the three wastes separately, the difference being made up in equal amounts (25%) of the other two wastes. Composting process was performed in Könemann silos (cubs with side by 1.20m) and lasted 60 days, from July 19 until September 16, when the composted material has passed the stages of reduction and oxidation. During composting process, in the reductive stage the material has reached a temperature up to 63°C Celsius, enough heat for its sterilization. Initial material, semi composted and final composted material were been chemical analyzed, especially in terms of macro- and microelements, analytical results revealing high and normal content of such chemicals. Therefore the achieved compost could be used in organic farming systems.
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Orhorhoro, Ejiroghene Kelly. "The Study of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Non-Uniform Multiple Feed Stock Availability and Composition in Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2018): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2016.1.1.38.
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This paper reports the research work carried out on the study of anaerobic co-digestion of non-uniform multiple feed stock availability and composition in Nigeria. Organic municipal solid wastes comprises of the composition of corn cobs, potato peels, pineapple peels, rice waste, yam peels, cassava peels, orange peels, garri leftover and banana peels, was digested separately and the same time co-digested with wastewater collected from septic tanks, abattoir, and cold room in Benin City, Nigeria. The results obtained shows that the co-digestion of organic municipal solid wastes and wastewater had better average biogas yields (0.625), shorter retention period of 29 days, frequent number of evacuation and average rate of biogas yield of 0.0217 when compared to anaerobic digestion of organic municipal solid wastes only with an average biogas yield of 0.4025, longer retention period of 38 days and average rate of biogas yield of 0.0106. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion of organic municipal solid wastes and wastewater enhances better biogas yields.
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Ramani, Anis Niza, Norsharol Sarmen, M. N. M. Nasir, and W. A. R. Intan Azmira. "Performance Analysis of Earth Battery Using Organic Waste Additive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.682.
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The usage of chemical battery is very critical nowadays because of their hazardous chemical contains that can cause pollution and need to dispose properly in order to avoid pollution towards the eco-system. Hence, the earth battery is an erstwhile concept designed to generate electricity by using two dissimilar electrodes buried in the ground or immersed in the sea. Although it has been proven to generate electricity, the voltage produced is quite low while the voltage intensity could not be sustained for a long period of time. This paper attempts to explore the potential of using organic wastes as additives in the soil of ground-based earth batteries to improve its performance. Three types of organic wastes were studied; Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), pineapple waste and lemon waste. Each organic waste is added into separate damped clay soil containers with a ratio of 20:80. Then a copper and an iron electrode are partially buried inside the soil and the electrical properties are measured by connecting a multimeter at the electrodes. The result shows that there is marginal improvement for all three organic wastes in terms of voltage compared to damped clay soil alone. The results also show that the voltage output of these samples could be sustained for seven days.
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Shwetmala, Kashyap, H. N. Chanakya, and T. V. Ramachandra. "Pattern, Characterization and Quantification of Unauthorized Waste Dump Sites: A Case Study of Bangalore." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.362.
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Developing country municipal solid waste management is complex, managed by multiple institutions, prone to socio-political disruptions and often requires frequent and rapid estimates of good functioning. Estimating the quantity, composition and status of municipal solid waste found at unauthorized dump sites helps in diagnosis and in improving solid waste management system. The objective of this study was to find occurrences of unauthorized dump sites and to determine quantity, area, height of dumps, waste density and waste composition at these sites. A total of 452 locations were identified and quantification of solid wastes was carried out at 268 locations by determining waste spread area, measuring dump height and density by multiple techniques. Mixed dumped wastes at site was physically segregated into twelve waste categories (organic fraction, plastic, construction debris, paper, cloth, glass, leather, metal, rubber, biomedical waste, burnt waste and industrial wastes). It was estimated about 213310 Mg of wastes were dumped in 452 unauthorized dump sites. The composition of waste dumped in unauthorized sites have 41.3% of construction debris followed by 28.9% of organic waste and other fractions constituted the remaining. The waste composition at dump site suggests less efficient recycling systems and the possible direction for the system improvements.
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Sodari, Krishna Bahadur, and Amrit Man Nakarmi. "Electricity Generation Potential of Municipal Solid Waste of Nepal and GHG Mitigations." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 14, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v14i1.20079.
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This research is carried out to assess the current status of municipal solid waste of municipalities of Nepal and its potential for energy recovery. During the year 2016, solid waste samples were collected by door-to-door collection method and the total energy content of the municipal waste was calculated using Bomb Calorimeter in the laboratory. During the study period, the total waste generated at Kathmandu metropolitan city was 566 tons per day with 0.3 kg per capita contribution. The major waste constituent was the organic with 67.77% of the total waste volume. Other bulk wastes were plastic and paper constituting 10% and 5% by volume respectively. Rest of the wastes (8%) was categorized as “other". In average, the total moisture content in the wastes was 49.93%. Total waste generation of all municipalities was found 1435 tons per day. The calorific value of the plastic wastes had highest energy content (40.61 MJ/kg). The organic (15.68 MJ/kg) and paper (15.61MJ/kg) wastes had similar energy content while the other wastes had slightly higher energy content (17.57MJ/kg). The net energy available and, thus, lost after dumping of the solid waste was 71,895,056 MJ which is equivalent to 4262 MWh which can run 52 MW plasma arc gasification power plant. The waste to energy potential of Kathmandu Metropolitan city was found to be 19 MW. Total reduction in GHG emission was found 220,690 kg CO2 eq kg per day.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 151-161
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.35.
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The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 3, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-jh3zmh.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.