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Academic literature on the topic 'Organic wastes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic wastes"

1

Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Elena Leonte, Carmen Luiza Costuleanu, Sergiu Jitareanu, Dan Donosa, Eugen Teodorescu Soare, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Management of Urban Organic Solid Waste Applied in Romanian Metropolitan City." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6375.

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This paper explains the interest in urban organic solid wastes, the relevance of these wastes to municipal solid waste management, the main ways in which organics are reused, and the problem that arise from the wish to ensure safe and effec�tive reuse as part of sustainable development in cities in Romania. Wastes are substances resulting from biological or technological processes that can no longer be used as such, some of which are reusable. Dangerous substances are any substance or product which, when used in apparently non-hazardous quantities, concentrations or conditions, presents a significant risk to humans, the environment or material goods (eg explosives, oxidizing, flammable, toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritant, mutagenic. Urban administrations nowadays are seeking ways to divert organic wastes from municipal solid waste streams for a variety of reasons, as noted below. Recommenda�tions are made for separation at source so that safe composting can be carried out. Private companies are being encouraged to undertake composting, often via forms of public-private partnerships. More attention is being paid to the role of non-govern�mental organizations in promoting citizen awareness of organic waste issues, and co-operation with separation at source. This paper draws attention to the many informal ways that organic wastes are currently reused, which are rarely taken into account in official plans for managing organic wastes.

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Cameron, K. C., H. J. Di, and R. G. McLaren. "Is soil an appropriate dumping ground for our wastes?" Soil Research 35, no. 5 (1997): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96099.

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New Zealand and Australia generate large quantities of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastes. As authorities move to protect the environment by regulating waste disposal practices, environmentally sound methods of waste disposal are being sought. In particular, land application of wastes as a means of disposal, nutrient re-cycling, and water conservation is becoming increasingly popular. This paper provides an overview of the types, quantities, and characteristics of wastes generated in New Zealand and Australia, and highlights the problems with current waste disposal practices, including landfilling, incineration, and discharging into waters. This is followed by a detailed review of the beneficial effects and adverse impacts of land application of wastes on plant production and soil and environmental quality, and possible hazards to human health. The management of waste application on land is a challenging task and requires rigorous scientific input. Sludges and euents contain significant concentrations of plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Their application on land has been shown, in many cases, to result in significant increases in plant yields and improvements in soil physical conditions and chemical fertility. The constraints with some wastes, particularly those of industrial and municipal origin, are that they contain undesirable constituents, e.g. heavy metals, toxic organics, pathogens, and salts, or have extremely high or low pH. High concentrations of nitrate and phosphate derived from wastes are also of concern for ground and surface water contamination. The processes that control the fate of wastes in the soil are complex and many of them are poorly understood, e.g. rate of release of nutrients and other chemicals; leaching of nutrients, metals, and organics through macropores and as suspended solids; emission of greenhouse gases; impact of solvents, surfactants, and sludge organic matter on the sorption, degradation, and leaching of hydrophobic organics; and the long-term bioavailability and fate of metals and organics fixed by soil organic matter. More research is urgently required to develop a sound understanding of waste characteristics and the processes affecting their fate in the soil in order to ensure that land application of wastes is safe.

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Taneja, Tanvi, Mukesh Kumar, Indu Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Atul Sharma, and Raj Singh. "Composting of Agro-Phyto wastes: An Overview on Process, factors and Applications for Sustainability of Environment and Agriculture." Current World Environment 19, no. 1 (May 10, 2024): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.4.

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Composting is a naturally occurring process that turns organic waste materials like leaves, food scraps, and other organic wastes into a valuable manure that can improve the fertility and structure of the soil by introducing beneficial organisms, humus, and important plant nutrients. By breakdown, this process transforms the organic substance into inorganic and organic components. In recent years, composting received more attention due to pollution concerns. Loss of resources due to the continuous increase in wastes leads to environmental risks. The process of composting is of three types, i.e., aerobic, anaerobic and vermicomposting. Anaerobic composting occurs when there is no oxygen present, whereas aerobic composting occurs when oxygen is present. Vermicomposting is the breakdown of organic wastes by earthworms. The main purpose of composting is to stabilize waste used for land filling and mass reduction of solid waste. Its aim is to recycle the organic wastes to a natural product, i.e., manure. This study reviews the information on the conversion of organic wastes into a compost to reduce the environmental pollution. The use of central composting after separating organic and non-organic waste at source is one of the most innovative strategies especially in the fast-growing cities for the sustainability of environment.

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Shetty, A., and P. M. Biradar. "Biology of the epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida in different organic wastes." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 5 (September 2, 2023): 736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5133.

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Aim: A study was undertaken to know the influence of different organic wastes on the biology of the epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Methodology: Epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida was selected and collected. Organic wastes (Corn stover, Delonix regia and Eichhornia crassipes) which are abundant and locally available were collected and used as feed materials along with cattle manure as control in this experiment. Results: The minimum incubation period and the maximum number of hatchlings per cocoon were observed in cattle manure (Control) as compared to other organic wastes. Percent cocoon hatching was 100% in all organic wastes, including control. The weight of freshly emerged juvenile was almost same in all organic wastes with no significant variations. The worm biomass was maximum in Eichhornia crassipes, whereas growth rate, attainment of sexual maturity and rate of cocoon production was maximum in cattle manure followed by other organic wastes. Interpretation: A successful vermitechnological process not only depends on the type of organic waste, but also depends on the biology of earthworm species. Based on the results, it can be concluded that epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida can be efficiently used in the vermitechnological process for organic waste management so as to maintain the balanced ecosystem. Key words: Eisenia fetida, Epigeic earthworm, Organic wastes, Vermicompost, Worm biology

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Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, Ngoc Tuan Nguyen, Chia-Hung Su, Fu-Ming Wang, Tuyet Nhung Tran, Ying-Tzu Liao, and Shih-Hsiang Liang. "Biodiesel Production from Insects: From Organic Waste to Renewable Energy." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 14 (October 16, 2019): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190422125120.

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The conversion of organic wastes into biodiesel has become an attractive solution to address waste surplus problems and energy depletion. Oleaginous insects can degrade various organic wastes to accumulate fat-based biomass, thus serving as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, the use of insects fed on organic waste for biodiesel production has increasingly attracted considerable investigations. In recent years, different insect species have been studied for their efficiency in converting various organic wastes and for producing biodiesel from their fat. Several methods have been developed for biodiesel production from insects to improve yields and reduce production costs and environmental impacts. This review summarizes the latest findings of the use of insects for converting organic wastes into biodiesel. The production processes and fuel properties of biodiesel produced from insects are also discussed.

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Kamaruddin, Mohamad Anuar, Mohd Suffian Yusoff, and Abdul Hadi Ahmad. "Waste to Wealth: Recovery of Recyclable Items and Biodegradable Wastes from Night Markets at Seberang Perai Selatan, Penang." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.543.

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This study evaluates the potential of recyclable items and biodegradable wastes recovered from selected locations of night markets across Seberang Perai Selatan district, Penang. Three different sizes of night market covering 9 study locations were evaluated based on waste types and the amount generated. By using the coning and quartering technique, it was observed that bigger sizes of night market had higher recyclable items potential. In particular, 177.41 kg/day of wastes discarded which equivalent to RM 104.05 worth of recyclable items. Small night market size was found to only generate 21.1 kg/day of wastes and equivalent to RM 13.55 worth of recyclable items. In terms of organics recovered, about 587 kg of wastes identified as brown organics. Meanwhile, it was recorded that green organics made up about 235 kg out of 822 kg total biodegradable wastes. This study demonstrates that night market has the potential for recovery of recyclable items and organic composting which can reduce the amount of solid waste being disposed at the landfills.

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M. Faisal. "ANALISIS LAJU ALIR SAMPAH DAN EMISI CARBON YANG DIHASILKAN KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 3, no. 4 (January 8, 2015): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v3i4.1646.

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This research aims to analyze the material flow of solid waste of Banda Aceh city by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method. The domestic wastes used in this research are limited to organic waste, plastic and paper. Results show that the solid wastes in Banda Aceh city do not treated well and thus required further treatment process. Wastes are separated at the kampong Jawa waste treatment process. Leaves waste are treated for compost, while no treatment process for plastic and paper wastes. The percentage of organic wastes, paper and plastic produced from Banda Aceh city were 89,1 %; 2,5 %; 0,74 %, respectively. Total amount of waste in the city of Banda Aceh is 86057,64 t/month producing carbon emission of 83726,6 t/month.

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Sagala, Nisa, Yunilas, N. Ginting, N.Br.Ketaren, and D.Purba. "Evaluation of the Fiber Content of Maggot (Hermetia Illucens) Growing Media-Based Organic Waste." Jurnal Peternakan Integratif 10, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpi.v10i3.10438.

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Organic waste is waste that can be decomposed entirely from biological processes and is easily decomposed. Organic waste has low nutrient content and high fibre. Efforts are made to increase the low nutrient content and reduce the high fibre content contained in organic waste, then fermented using local microorganisms (MOL). This study aimed to determine changes in fibre content (NDF, ADF and hemicellulose) in various fermented organic wastes. The method is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely various organic wastes and fermentation time, with three replications. The parameters of this study consisted of NDF, ADF and Hemicellulose. The study showed that the treatment of various organic wastes had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. Fermentation time had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on ADF but had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on NDF and hemicellulose. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between organic waste and fermentation time on ADF content, but there was an interaction with NDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Fermentation of various organic wastes and duration of fermentation using local microorganisms (MOL) can reduce the fibre content of NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. The best fermentation was obtained on vegetable media fermented for two days.

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Bolzonella, D., P. Pavan, S. Mace, and F. Cecchi. "Dry anaerobic digestion of differently sorted organic municipal solid waste: a full-scale experience." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 8 (April 1, 2006): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.232.

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This paper presents a comparison of dry anaerobic digestion reactors fed with differently sorted municipal organic solid wastes. One reactor was fed with source sorted organic wastes and a second reactor was fed with mixed organic wastes consisting of grey wastes, mechanically selected municipal solid wastes and sludge. The two reactors utilised the same process (Valorga) and operational conditions at full scale. The results of the study emphasise the influence of the kind of treated material on the process performances, especially in terms of biogas and methane production, thus, energy reclamation. The reactor treating the source sorted organic waste and the reactor treating the mixed organic wastes generated some 200 m3 and 60 m3 of biogas per ton of waste treated, respectively, while the specific methane production was some 0.40 and 0.13 m3CH4/kgTVS, respectively. The mass balance and the final fate of the digested material from the two reactors were also clearly different. As for the costs, these were some 29 € per ton of treated waste (50% for personnel) and 53 €/ton for disposing of the rejected materials. Incomes were some 100 €/ton (on average) and an other 15 €/ton came from green certificates. The initial investment was 16 million Euros.

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Mortula, Md Maruf, Aqeel Ahmed, Kazi Parvez Fattah, Ghina Zannerni, Syed A. Shah, and Ahmed M. Sharaby. "Sustainable Management of Organic Wastes in Sharjah, UAE through Co-Composting." Methods and Protocols 3, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps3040076.

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Daily human activities and vast green areas produce substantial amounts of organic wastes that end up in landfills with minimal treatment. In addition to the problems associated with landfills, disposal through this method is unsustainable in the long run and does not allow recovering materials from the waste. This paper focuses on the co-composting of different organic wastes produced in The Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), to optimize mixing proportions of three different kinds of wastes—sewage sludge (SS), green waste (GW), and food waste (FW). All three organic wastes were analyzed to determine their chemical composition and the mixing proportions. Ten different mixing proportions as a function of carbon:nitrogen (C:N ratios) were determined and mixed in a NatureMill composter. Compost samples were tested for pH, salinity, conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, organic carbon, phosphorus, total nitrogen, and final C:N ratio after 6 weeks. Results indicate that a period of 5–6 weeks is sufficient for the compost to stabilize. The varying mixing proportions produced a good-quality compost (C:N up to 20:1) with high nutrient content. The study reaffirms that co-composting can be a potential sustainable organic waste management option for the United Arab Emirates.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic wastes"

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Lau, Kin-wah. "Management, disposal and recycling of waste organic solvents in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945139.

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Martin, R. Scott. "Chemchar gasification of radioactive, inorganic, and organic laden wastes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946277.

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Esmaeilzadeh, Hamid. "Nitrogen release characteristics of organic wastes /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143145112.

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Chan, Lap-shun. "Biorecycling of waste in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12334558.

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Zhou, Ying. "Composting of food waste with Chinese medicinal herbal residues as a bulking agent to produce a high-end organic fertilizer with antipathogenic effect." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/221.

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Composting is a sustainable method to deal with huge amount of daily organic waste due to its robustness and easy operation. However, food waste (FW) as the main material in composting has disadvantages such as the heterogenous properties, high foreign matters contamination, high moisture content, low C/N ratio, poor structure, low porosity and high acidity during the initial phase of composting. These shortcomings not only influence degradation efficiency but also cease the composting process. Therefore, a bulking agent is required to increase the porosity and adjust the moisture content as well as C/N ratio of the composting mixture (Wong et al., 2010). For previous research, sawdust (SD) and tree barks were commonly used as the bulking agent in composting system but the demand for sawdust and tree barks significantly increased the cost of the composting process, and this has stimulated the demand of alternative substitutes. Therefore, the ideal situation is to find the bulking agent which is not only suitable for composting but is also a waste. Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used nowadays and huge amount of residues are accumulated and treated in landfilling (Wang and Li, 2013). According to previous research, only 5% of the active ingredients can be extracted from the medicinal plants which means there are still a large fraction of active ingredients remain in the herbal residues (Wu et al., 2013). In addition to the bulking property of Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs), it is assumed mature CMHRs compost have the ability to hinder regular metabolic pathway of phytopathogens after land application (Bernal-Vicente et al., 2008). The first experiment of this study investigated the formula between food waste, sawdust and CMHRs in order to achieve efficient composting. The experimental results demonstrated positively the use of CHMRs is a suitable candidate to co-compost with food waste. In terms of biodegradation decomposition efficiency and compost maturity, the treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) showed the best performance among all treatments with 67% organic matter degradation and 157% seed germination index. Only well-matured composting product can suppress plant diseases in soil since it has some microorganisms which can inhibit phytopathogens. The treatment 5:5:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) also reached maturity but with a longer composting period; however, it was the treatment which could accommodate the highest quantity of food waste. The log copy number of the bacterial population was 7-8 initially, which decreased and stabilized along the composting. Results revealed that the CHMRs can be used as a bulking agent with food waste, and a dry weight ratio of 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs) would be optimum to achieve higher organic decomposition and faster maturity. However, the initial lower microbial population in the treatment, though without any adverse effect on the overall microbial decomposition, will warrant further work to indicate the total population is not a practical means to illuminate the effective microbial decomposition. Besides, the advantage in using CHMRs will need further experiment to indicate its potential pathogen suppression capability. Humification during co-composting of food waste, sawdust and CMHRs was investigated to reveal its correlation with compost maturity. The huge decrease in the treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) of aliphatic organics in humic acids (HA) demonstrated the degradation of the readily available organics, while an increase in aromatic functional groups indicated the maturity of compost. Disappearance of hemicellulose and weak intensity of lignin in the CMHRs treatments indicated that the lignin provided the nucleus for HA formation; and the CMHRs accelerated the compost maturity. Humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) ratio of 1:1:1 treatment was the highest at the end of composting and showed a clear correlation with compost maturity as also evidenced through the presence of higher aromatic functional groups in the HA fraction. Pyr-TMAH-GC-MS results indicated that dominant groups were aliphatic and alicyclic esters and ethers at the early composting stages in all treatments. Long chain fatty acids were broken down into smaller molecular compounds earlier in treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis), resulting from the faster decomposition rate. The complicated ring-structure components appeared dominantly at the later phase of composting. The peak intensities in treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) indicated that the composts became mature earlier than the other two treatments. In brief, the treatment with dry weight ratio 1:1:1 had greatest humification degree with more cyclic structures and stable final products at the end of composting. Water and acetone extract of composts with food waste and CMHRs were tested with their antipathogenic effect on two kinds of commonly found phytopathogens, Alternaria solani (A. solani) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). Seventeen bacterial species and 22 fungal species were isolated and identified as prevalently existed microbes during composting process. The results of MIC50 indicated that the treatment with dry weight ratio 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) required least concentration of composts extraction to kill half quantity of the phytopathogens, 16% for A. solani and 22% for F. oxysporum extracted by acetone. The phytopathogen suppression capacity of composts was partially due to antagonistic abilities from some of the isolated microorganisms as well as the inhibition of active compounds. As shown in the comparison, the interfere/compete between antagonistic microorganisms and target pathogens were more powerful than individually influenced by chemical compounds. However, the influencing factors should not be considered independently since antagonistic interactions between microbes in composts and phytopathogens are highly dependent on the abiotic properties of the composts and the alternative environment. In a word, the antipathogenic effects from composts were synergism of both antagonism and chemical factors. Suppressive capacity on phytopathogens is one of the major function of mature composts and the antipathogenic effect was stimulated when CMHRs was used as the bulking agent in composting process. The abiotic inhibitory rates of treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) indicated that more powerful bioactive components were remained at the end of composting than in the treatment 5:5:1 and control which had no CMHRs but plastic beads as the bulking agent. Hence sensitive and comprehensive analytical technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was utilized to acquire a better understanding of the complicated structures of final composting products. Seven dominant among 22 active compounds with antibacterial/antifungal properties were obtained in the treatments with CMHRs while 17 kinds of compounds with higher contents were shared in all treatments, which should be derived from food waste. The bioactive components from CMHRs composting were mainly from the groups of alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins. Mature composts were used as biofertilizer to protect plants (Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum) from phytopathogenic infection. This study showed the crop yields were increased with the addition of mature CMHRs composts to acid soil, and 5% CMHRs compost was the optimum application rate, while at the higher application rate of 10% (dry weight basis, w/w) plant growth was inhibited which might be due to the higher salt contents and the phytotoxicity of alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins in the CMHRs. According to the biomass results, Brassica chinensis was more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of phytopathogen inoculation, while nutrient supply was to a less extent due to the short growth period as compared to Lycopersicon esculentum. The present study showed clearly that mature compost provided Lycopersicon esculentum and Brassica chinensis sufficient nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Additionally, the advantage of using mature CMHRs compost as a soil conditioner was also observed for blocking phytopathogenic infection from plant roots. The mechanism was mainly derived from the bioactive components in mature CMHRs compost which inhibited phytopathogenic activities in soil. Many identified compounds were alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins which have powerful antifungal and antibacterial abilities and most of them maintained during growth period though their amounts reduced greatly due to their photolytic and pyrolytic properties. Therefore, mature CMHRs compost can be the substitute to reduce the usage of fungicides and its associated environmental hazards. The present study demonstrates clearly the beneficial effects of using CMHRs as a bulking agent to co-compost with food waste with the additional phytopathogens suppression property. Therefore, it is concluded that Chinese medicinal herbal residues can be a good choice of bulking agent in food waste composting system. Organic matter degradation and humification process were accelerated by CMHRs addition and mature CMHRs compost had antipathogenic effect and protect plants from infection

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Chan, Man Ting. "Optimizing food waste composting process in fed-batch composter." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/217.

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Composting is considered as an effective and sustainable food waste treatment technology from the perspectives of volume reduction, stabilization and releasing the pressure on landfills. Community composter is a decentralized composting facility in fed-batch operational mode which is usually being installed in the backyard of institutes, hospitals, housing estate etc. to handle the food wastes generated daily. Albeit numerous operational issues including high initial acidity and oil content, poor decomposition and odor generation are commonly encountered in these facilities, which make it difficult to be accepted by the public. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop a composting mix formulation that can provide a solution to all these issues in a fed-batch food waste composting process. The first phase of this study aims at finding out an optimized formulation in a batch-scale food waste composting process through the use of alkaline amendments and microbial inoculum. For the first two experiments, artificial food wastes were prepared by mixing 1.3kg bread, 1kg boiled rice, 1kg cabbage, 0.5kg fully boiled pork and mixed with sawdust to obtain a C/N of 30 and adjusted moisture of the mixtures to 55%. The effect of different concentrations of zeolite compared to lime was studied in the first experiment. Zeolite was amended with food wastes and sawdust mixtures at 2% (ZI-2), 5% (ZI-5), 10% (ZI-10) to compare with lime in 2.25% (L-2.25) w/w (dry weight basis) and composted for 56 days. Results demonstrated that 10% of zeolite was optimal amendment rate compared to lower dosage of zeolite (2% & 5%) with stronger pH buffering capacity and greater decomposition efficiency. Addition of 2.25% of lime buffered the pH efficiently but increased the ammonia loss significantly which eventually reduced total nitrogen (TN) content of final product and posed odor emission problem. Amendment of 10% zeolite provided a higher adsorption affinity on ammonia resulting in 2.05% of TN value of final product which was higher than 1.72% of lime treatment. Furthermore, significantly higher seed germination 150% was achieved of ZI-10 compost compared to 135% of L-2.25 due to low ammonium content of product. The first experiment showed that application of less than 10% zeolite was not sufficient to buffer the acidity; as a result, organic matter decomposition was inhibited. However, the cost and reduction in treatment percentage of food waste in 10% application rate of zeolite is an issue of concern. To tackle this dilemma, food waste was amended with struvite salts at 1:2 molar ratio of MgO and K2HPO4 (Mg:P) with or without zeolite amended at either 5% or 10% amendment (Mg:P, Z5 + Mg:P & Z10 + Mg:P) and a control treatment with food waste only was also included. Results showed that treatment of Z10 + Mg:P was synergistically achieved of pH and EC buffering, and N conservation but not for the case of 5 % zeolite. Treatment of Z10 + Mg:P further reduced the N loss to 18% compared to 25% and 27% of Mg:P and Z5 + Mg:P respectively. However, there was insignificant difference in the final nitrogen content and decomposition rate among all treatments with struvite salts amendment. Comparing to the treatment of Z-10 of the first experiment to Z10 + Mg:P of the second experiment, Z-10 showed superior performance since better decomposition efficiency, shorter time to require to pass the GI (28 Days) and lower cost because of salts exclusion. To develop a multipurpose formulation for the fed-batch operational food waste composter, high lipids problem in food waste cannot be neglected because it is a critical factor to hinder the decomposition efficiency. Inoculation of oil degradative microorganisms was reported as an effective approach to facilitate the lipids. Therefore, the third experiment was to investigate the overall composting performance supplemented with 10% zeolite and microbial consortium. 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium significantly reduced the lipid contents from 7% to 1% compared to control treatments. Furthermore, treatments amended with 10% zeolite was proved to reduce ammonia emission and total volatile fatty acids level in the composting mass, therefore the total odor emission level can be reduced. Zeolite at 10% was found to be a suitable optimum additive for both synthetic and real-food wastes. Therefore, treatment of 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium is selected as an optimized formulation for further study of its application in a fed-batch composter. Following the food waste zeolite composting formulation obtained in Phase I, the aim of Phase II was to develop an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters. Although the results have been demonstrated 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium facilitated the composting efficiency in batch composter, those amendments may be over-estimated if applied in a fed batch composter by using real food wastes. With this constraint, the applicability of these additives in commercial fed-batch composter needs to be assessed using locally generated food wastes. Treatments included food waste and sawdust mixtures at 4:1 mixing ratio (wet weight basis) were mixed with 2.25% of lime (L2.25), 10% of zeolite (Z10) and 10% zeolite with bacterial inoculum (Z10+O) and a control of food waste with sawdust mixture only was also included. 35 kg compost mixture was fed into each composter respectively daily for a period of 42 days. Only Z10+O was the most suitable composting mix for fed-batch food waste composting process with continuous sustained high temperature (55-60oC), optimal moisture (55%-60%), alkaline pH and low EC during the experimental period. Bacterial inoculum significantly improved the lipids decomposition from 22.16% (C) to 3.10% (Z10+O) after the composting period. In contrast, lime and zeolite alone treatments could not maintain the optimal pH that led to reduce degradation and longer stabilization period. Only compost taken from Z10+O treatment could be classified as mature compost. The aim of the third study phase was to examine an optimal application rate of food waste compost produced from decentralized food waste composter for plant. A plant growth experiment was conducted in this phase to evaluate the change in soil properties and plant growth of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum. The experiment was conducted in a loamy soil amended with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% food waste compost amendment rate compared to the control soil with chemical fertilizer amendment only. Results indicated that 5% was the optimal application rate of food waste compost for both crops among all treatments which can be evidenced by the highest biomass production and nutrients value of the plant tissues. Plant available nutrients such as NH4+, NO3-, PO43- were proportionally increased with increase in compost application rate. However, 2.5% of the food waste compost did not provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth and 10% showed negative effects due to increased salts content. Plants amended with chemical fertilizer had relatively low biomass production compared to compost amended treatments due to soil compaction and fast leaching of nutrients. It can be concluded that application of 10% zeolite with microbial consortium is an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters and 5% is an optimal application rate of food waste compost of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum

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Nilsson, Marie-Louise. "Occurrence and fate of organic contaminants in wastes /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5759-9.pdf.

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FERREIRA, RAFAEL V. de P. "Biodegradacao de rejeitos radioativos liquidos organicos provenientes do processamento do combustivel nuclear." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11740.

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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Johansson, Mats. "Urban organic waste in agriculture : risk or resource? /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5716-5.pdf.

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Bolaji, Efeoluwa Omotola. "Anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes for chemical production by undefined mixed microbial cultures." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236961.

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Books on the topic "Organic wastes"

1

John, Shildrick, and National Turfgrass Council, eds. Recycling organic landscape wastes. Bingley: National Turfgrass Council, 1991.

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Wang, Jianlong, and Yanan Yin. Biohydrogen Production from Organic Wastes. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4675-9.

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Polprasert, Chongrak. Organic waste recycling. 2nd ed. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1996.

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F, Surprenant N., ed. Halogenated-organic containing wastes: Treatment technologies. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1988.

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Koprivanac, Natalija. Hazardous organic pollutants in colored wastewaters. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Li, Mingxiao, Xuan Jia, Beidou Xi, Jiaqi Hou, Dongming Liu, and Yan Hao. Differentiated Resourceful Utilization of Rural Organic Wastes. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2712-8.

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1938-, Hansen Jens Aage, and Henriksen Kaj, eds. Nitrogen in organic wastes applied to soils. London: Academic Press, 1989.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, ed. Guide to cleaner technologies: Organic coating removal. Cincinnati, Ohio: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.

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United States. Office of Solid Waste. Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division, ed. Organic materials management strategies. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency], Office of Solid Waste, Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division, 1999.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, ed. Recovering organic wastes--giving back to mother nature. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organic wastes"

1

Stachowitsch, Michael. "Organic Wastes." In The Beachcomber’s Guide to Marine Debris, 313–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90728-4_14.

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Sibi, G. "Composting of Organic Wastes." In Environmental Biotechnology, 341–51. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003272618-23.

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Mosier, A. R., S. M. Morrison, and G. K. Elmund. "Odors and Emissions from Organic Wastes." In Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and Waste Waters, 529–71. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1977.soilsformanagementoforganic.c21.

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Bohn, H. L. "Soil Treatment of Organic Waste Gases." In Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and Waste Waters, 605–18. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1977.soilsformanagementoforganic.c24.

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Miner, J. R., and T. E. Hazen. "Transportation and Application of Organic Wastes to Land." In Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and Waste Waters, 377–425. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1977.soilsformanagementoforganic.c15.

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Trlica, Andrew. "Soil Carbon Sequestration and Organic Wastes." In Sowing Seeds in the City, 153–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7453-6_11.

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Gamal-El-Din, H., A. El-Bassel, and M. El-Badry. "Biogas Production from Some Organic Wastes." In Biogas Technology, Transfer and Diffusion, 463–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4313-1_55.

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Chen, Yona, Yossi Inbar, Benny Chefetz, and Yitzhak Hadar. "Composting and recycling of organic wastes." In Modern Agriculture and the Environment, 341–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5418-5_28.

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Wang, Jianlong, and Yanan Yin. "Introduction." In Biohydrogen Production from Organic Wastes, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4675-9_1.

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Wang, Jianlong, and Yanan Yin. "Microbiology and Enzymology." In Biohydrogen Production from Organic Wastes, 19–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4675-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organic wastes"

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Coppersthwaite, Duncan, Howard Greenwood, Tahera Docrat, Sarah Allinson, Ruqayyah Sultan, and Sarah May. "Processing Liquid Organic Wastes at the NNL Preston Laboratory." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96071.

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Organic compounds of various kinds have been used in the nuclear industry for numerous duties in uranium chemical, metal and ceramic processing plants. In the course of the various operations undertaken, these organic compounds have become contaminated with uranic material, either accidentally or as an inevitable part of the process. Typically, the chemical/physical form and/or concentration of the uranic content of the organics has prevented disposal. In order to address the issue of contaminated liquid organic wastes, the National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) has developed a suite of treatments designed to recover uranium and to render the waste suitable for disposal. The developed processes are operated at industrial scale via the NNL Preston Laboratory Residue Processing Plant. The Oil Waste Leaching (OWL) Process is a fully industrialised process used for the treatment of contaminated oils with approximately 200 tonnes of uranium contaminated oil being treated to date. The process was originally developed for the treatment of contaminated tributyl phosphate and odourless kerosene which had been adsorbed onto sawdust. However, over the years, the OWL process has been refined for a range of oils including “water emulsifiable” cutting oils, lubricating oils, hydraulic oils/fluids and “Fomblin” (fully fluorinated) oils. Chemically, the OWL process has proved capable of treating solvents as well as oils but the highly volatile/flammable nature of many solvents has required additional precautions compared with those required for oil treatment. These additional precautions led to the development of the Solvent Treatment Advanced Rig (STAR), an installation operated under an inert atmosphere. STAR is a small “module” (100 dm3 volume) which allows the treatment of both water miscible and immiscible solvents. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the treatment of liquid organic wastes and the process developments which have allowed a wide range of materials to be successfully treated.

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Zheng, Liu, Liu Xinyu, Li Huagang, Li Shuang, Pan Rongguang, and Ge Liqun. "Effect of different organic wastes on kitchen waste machine composting secondary fermentation." In 2023 35th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc58219.2023.10326656.

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Kechaou, Nabil, and E. Ammar. "Biodrying process: a sustainable technology for treatment of municipal solid wastes organic fraction." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7842.

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The Municipal Solid Waste of Agareb (Sfax –Tunisia), characterized by high organic fraction and moisture contents is the most worrying pollution source that must be managed by innovative treatment and recycling technologies. Bio-drying, as a waste to energy conversion technology, aims at reducing moisture content of this organic matter. This concept, similar to composting, is accomplished by using the heat generated from the microbial degradation of the waste matrix, while forced aeration is used. The purpose of this work was to reduce the moisture content of the waste, by maximizing drying and minimizing organic matter biodegradation, in order to produce a solid recovered fuel with high calorific value.Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; organic matter; biodrying; composting; energy recovery.

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Petrecca, G., and R. Preto. "Organic solid slaughterhouse wastes: A resource of energy." In 2012 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/speedam.2012.6264575.

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LANGOVÁ, Šárka, and Dalibor MATÝSEK. "Leaching of steel-making wastes in organic acids." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3440.

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MIYAKE, YOHSUKE, NAKAMICHI YAMASAKI, SHINYA KITAGAWA, and TAKAO TSUDA. "DISPOSAL OF CHLORINATED ORGANIC WASTES BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD." In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Hydrothermal Reactions. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705228_0021.

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Hersh, Benjamin, and Amin Mirkouei. "Life Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar From Organic Wastes and Advanced Feedstocks." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97896.

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Abstract Recent interest in reducing stress on the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus requires the use of renewable, organic products that can subsequently address environmental sustainability concerns, such as mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Pyrolysis-derived biochar from organic wastes (e.g., nutrient-rich agricultural wastes and leftovers, forest harvest residues, and cattle manure) and advanced feedstocks (e.g., algae) is capable of addressing ever-increasing global FEW concerns. Biochar water-nutrient holding capacity and carbon sequestration are key attributes for improving organic farming and irrigation management. The major challenge to commercialize biochar production from organic wastes is the conversion process. Pyrolysis process is a cost-effective and successful approach in comparison to other conversion technologies (e.g., gasification) due to low energy requirement and capital cost, as well as high process efficiency and biochar quality. To determine the environmental impacts of the biochar production process, an analysis of the material, energy, and emission flows of a small-scale pyrolysis process is conducted for a real case study, using life cycle assessment method with the assistance of available life cycle inventory databases within OpenLCA software. The results demonstrate that this study is able to enhance sustainability aspects across FEW systems by (a) employing a portable refinery to address upstream challenges (i.e., collection, transportation, and preprocessing) of waste-to-biochar life cycle, (b) recycling domestic forest and agricultural residues (e.g., pine wood), (c) producing organic biochar-derived soil conditioners that can improve organic cropping and FEW systems. Ultimately, we conclude by discussing techno-economic and socio-environmental implications of biochar production from organic wastes and advanced feedstocks.

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Yuchuan Zhang, Xiaofan Ma, Hang Cui, Yang Li, Yingxin Zhang, Aitong Guo, and Ping Guo. "Effects of ventilation on aerobic composting of organic wastes." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965195.

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"Sustainable Bio-Fertilizer Production From Anaerobically Digested Organic Wastes." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152190937.

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Guo, Zi-Rui, and Yong-feng Li. "Hydrogen recovery from organic wastes: Reactor development and improvement." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536367.

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Reports on the topic "Organic wastes"

1

WILCOXON, JESS P., JAMES E. MARTIN, THOMAS R. THURSTON, and DAVID E. KELLEY. Photooxidation of Organic Wastes Using Semiconductor Nanoclusters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/790126.

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Shihwu Sung. Bio-hydrogen production from renewable organic wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828223.

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Wilcoxon, Jess P. PHOTOOXIDATION OF ORGANIC WASTES USING SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCLUSTERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828344.

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Proesmans, P. I., L. Luan, and S. J. Buelow. Hydrothermal oxidation of organic wastes using reclaimed ammonium nitrate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/225961.

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Judeikis, Henry, and Melvin Hill. Treatment of Organic Hazardous Wastes with Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252799.

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Schmidt, A. J., M. R. Elmore, R. J. Orth, E. O. Jones, A. H. Zacher, T. R. Hart, G. G. Neuenschwander, and J. C. Poshusta. Organic destruction to enhance the separation of strontium in radioactive wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10109212.

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Wilcoxon, J. P., J. E. Martin, T. R. Thurston, D. F. Kelley, and G. Samara. Photooxidation of organic wastes using semiconductor nanoclusters. 1997 annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13679.

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Wilcoxon, J. P. Photooxidation of organic wastes using semiconductor nanoclusters. 1998 annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13680.

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Camaioni, Donald M., S. Thomas Autrey, and John L. Linehan. Mechanisms and Kinetics of Organic Aging in High-Level Nuclear Wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833262.

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Parida, Umesh Kumar, Jogeswari Rout, and Gourisankar Roy. Nano Vermicomposting from Agricultural Wastes for Sustainable Organic Farming in Odisha. NEWREDMARS EDUCATION PVT LTD, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28921/nrme.book.12.2018.1.35.

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