Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organic synthesis problems

Academic literature on the topic 'Organic synthesis problems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic synthesis problems"

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Wang, Yi, Han Ding, and Ge Ging Xu. "Computer Aided Organic Synthesis Based on Graph Grammars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.227.

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Traditionally, computer aided organic synthesis is based on the one-dimensional string model that employs string grammars to tackle the structure of molecular; the processing of organic reactions, and the establishment of the knowledge bases and file systems. Because of the limitations of one-dimensional method for tackling two-dimensional issues like organic syntheses, this paper presents a method for computer aided organic synthesis based on two-dimensional graph grammars. The method could apply the basic principle of the graph grammars to effectively and efficiently solve organic synthesis problems.
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Amsad, L. N., S. Liliasari, A. Kadarohman, and R. E. Sardjono. "Revealing students’ problems in learning synthesis organic." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1521 (March 2020): 042063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/4/042063.

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Schaller, Chris P., Kate J. Graham, and T. Nicholas Jones. "Synthesis Road Map Problems in Organic Chemistry." Journal of Chemical Education 91, no. 12 (October 16, 2014): 2142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed400886k.

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Kurth, Laurie L., and Mark J. Kurth. "Synthesis–Spectroscopy Roadmap Problems: Discovering Organic Chemistry." Journal of Chemical Education 91, no. 12 (September 23, 2014): 2137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed500109a.

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Nakahara, Yoshiaki. "Problems and Progress in Glycopeptide Synthesis." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 15, no. 85 (2003): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.15.257.

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Flynn, Alison B. "How do students work through organic synthesis learning activities?" Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 15, no. 4 (2014): 747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4rp00143e.

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Organic chemistry has the long-standing reputation as a challenging course, and organic synthesis is an aspect of organic chemistry that requires students to make the most links between concepts and requires the highest order of thinking. One-on-one interviews were conducted with students from a second undergraduate organic chemistry course in which participants solved synthesis problems using a think aloud protocol. Those problems had been previously designed to scaffold students' acquisition of synthesis problem-solving skills. The research question for this study asked whether students worked through the synthesis learning activities as designed, toward the intended learning outcomes. The results show that in some questions, students used or tried to use desirable problem solving skills, such as using reaction mechanisms and chemical principles to explore possible solutions. However, with other question types, students (i) relied on familiarity with the reactions in question and lacked a problem-solving strategy when they could not recall the answer or (ii) avoided the purpose of the question and attempted to provide an answer that the professor “wanted.” Strategies for promoting desired synthesis skills and addressing other issues are discussed.
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Arslanov, Kh A., T. V. Tertychnaya, and S. B. Chernov. "Problems and Methods of Dating Low-Activity Samples by Liquid Scintillation Counting." Radiocarbon 35, no. 3 (1993): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200060409.

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The important problem of contamination of old samples by younger 14C necessitates treatment of organic and carbonate samples to ensure more complete removal of contaminating carbon. Here we present studies of chemical procedures for the liquid scintillation method of 14C dating undertaken since 1960 in the former USSR. We discuss new procedures such as lithium carbide synthesis from charred organic samples and benzene synthesis on a V2O5·Al2O3·SiO2 catalyst, as well as memory effect in the carbide synthesis procedure and characteristics of two homemade counters.
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Amii, Hideki, Aiichiro Nagaki, and Jun-ichi Yoshida. "Flow microreactor synthesis in organo-fluorine chemistry." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (December 5, 2013): 2793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.314.

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Organo-fluorine compounds are the substances of considerable interest in various industrial fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Despite increased demand in wide fields of science, synthesis of fluoro-organic compounds is still often faced with problems such as the difficulties in handling of fluorinating reagents and in controlling of chemical reactions. Recently, flow microreactor synthesis has emerged as a new methodology for producing chemical substances with high efficiency. This review outlines the successful examples of synthesis and reactions of fluorine-containing molecules by the use of flow microreactor systems to overcome long-standing problems in fluorine chemistry.
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Hippe, Z. S., G. Fic, and M. Mazur. "A preliminary appraisal of selected problems in computer-assisted organic synthesis." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 111, no. 6 (1992): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19921110603.

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Heifets, Abraham, and Igor Jurisica. "Construction of New Medicines via Game Proof Search." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 1564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8331.

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The production of any new medicine requires solutions to many planning problems. The most fundamental of these is determining the sequence of chemical reactions necessary to physically create the drug. Surprisingly, these organic syntheses can be modeled as branching paths in a discrete, fully-observable state space, making the construction of new medicines an application of heuristic search. We describe a model of organic chemistry that is amenable to traditional AI techniques from game tree search, regression, and automatic assembly sequencing. We demonstrate the applicability of AND/OR graph search by developing the first chemistry solver to use proof-number search. Finally, we construct a benchmark suite of organic synthesis problems collected from undergraduate organic chemistry exams, and we analyze our solvers performance both on this suite and in recreating the synthetic plan for a multibillion dollar drug.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic synthesis problems"

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Bodé, Nicholas. "Exploring Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Students’ Strategies and Reasoning when Solving Organic Synthesis Problems." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38182.

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Organic synthesis problems are a common assessment tool in organic chemistry courses, as they give instructors the opportunity to determine students’ ability to integrate and apply their knowledge of reactions and skills learned in the course. However, students often tend to be unsuccessful in solving them, even if they appear to have a strong grasp on other course material. We hypothesized that part of the reasoning behind this issue is because it can be challenging to integrate learning activities into the curriculum that give students the opportunity to apply their knowledge to synthetic problem solving, while still giving students the opportunity to master the underlying concepts (knowledge of organic reactions and reaction mechanisms). In addition, there is a gap in our understanding of the mental models students construct while solving these problems, as there is no evidence that they approach these problems in the same manner that experts do (i.e., retrosynthetic analysis). The research described in this thesis was performed to address these issues in two ways. First, we designed learning activities for students that were meant to help them develop more systematic approaches (whose benefits are supported by evidence) to solving synthesis problems, and determining if those learning activities could produce significant learning gains. The learning activities we designed were made available to students through out-of-class learning workshops, where learning gains were primarily measured through the analysis of students’ synthetic problem-solving abilities, assessed immediately before and after the workshops. Second, we sought to obtain a better understanding of students’ mental models when solving synthesis problems; specifically, we wanted to see if they had well-defined strategies for approaching these problems, and if they had a canonical understanding of how these strategies were meant to be applied. To do so, we invited students to participate in semi-structured think-aloud interviews, where participants were asked to solve synthesis problems. We investigated both of these topics using a constructivist paradigm for learning, which states that knowledge is constructed in the mind of the learner rather than passively imparted. The process of knowledge construction is heavily influenced by the prior knowledge and experiences of the learner, and meaningful understanding of new knowledge is unlikely to occur if new knowledge cannot be accommodated by existing knowledge structures. Results from these studies indicated that the workshop-style intervention did not have any effect on students’ ability to successfully solve synthesis problems, but we did observe proficiency in the ability to use expert-like strategies, suggesting that more practice over time could lead to the ability to solve synthesis problems more effectively. Our analysis of the interview data showed that some students can proficiently use strategies in situations that are familiar to them, but do not appear to be able to apply those strategies to predict outcomes in unfamiliar situations; further, we observed a strong reliance on the use of reasoning that was based on memorized rules. Future work could further explore the mental models that students construct for solving synthesis problems; we recommend the incorporation of specific instruction on the use of synthesis problem-solving strategies, and research could explore the relationship between students’ abilities, and how synthesis is taught, practiced, and assessed in the organic chemistry curriculum.
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Eissen, Marco [Verfasser]. "Bewertung der Umweltverträglichkeit organisch-chemischer Synthesen / Bis, Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Universität Oldenburg. Marco Eissen." Oldenburg : Bis, 2002. http://d-nb.info/969295936/34.

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Books on the topic "Organic synthesis problems"

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C, Bittner, ed. Organic synthesis workbook II. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2001.

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Pavel, Kočovský, Tureček František, and Hájíček Josef, eds. Synthesis of natural products: Problems of stereoselectivity. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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Coxon, J. M. Worked solutions in organic chemistry. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1998.

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B, Zwanenburg, Mikołajczyk Marian 1937-, and Kiełbasiński Piotr, eds. Enzymes in action: Green solutions for chemical problems. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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B, Zwanenburg, Mikołajczyk Marian 1937-, and Kiełbasiński Piotr, eds. Enzymes in action: Green solutions for chemical problems. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Nantz, Michael, George S. Zweifel, and Hasan Palandoken. Problems in Organic Synthesis. Freeman & Company, W. H., 2009.

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Problems in Organic Synthesis. Freeman & Company, W. H., 2009.

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Bittner, Christian, Anke S. Busemann, Ulrich Griesbach, Frank Haunert, and Wolf-Rüdiger Krahnert. Organic Synthesis Workbook II. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2001.

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Bittner, Christian, Anke S. Busemann, Ulrich Griesbach, Frank Haunert, Wolf-Rüdiger Krahnert, Andrea Modi, Jens Olschimke, and Peter L. Steck. Organic Synthesis Workbook II. Wiley-VCH, 2001.

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Organic synthesis workbook. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organic synthesis problems"

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Flynn, Alison B. "Chapter 7. Scaffolding Synthesis Skills in Organic Chemistry." In Problems and Problem Solving in Chemistry Education, 145–65. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839163586-00145.

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Lipshutz, Bruce H., D. J. Buzard, Isaac Carrico, David Dickson, Brian James, Craig Lindsley, Sabina Pecchi, Shelly Vance, and Brett R. Ullman. "New Organometallic Solutions to Problems in Polyene Natural and Unnatural Products Synthesis." In Organic Synthesis via Organometallics OSM 5, 361–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49348-5_22.

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Johnson, Benjamin. "The Scientific Breakthrough (1903–1908)." In Making Ammonia, 55–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85532-1_6.

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AbstractSo far, we have discussed a confluence of factors leading to the ability to understand and solve the practical problem of ammonia synthesis. Research in agricultural science led to an awareness of the need for a synthetic source of fixed nitrogen, while developments in organic chemistry helped lead to the infrastructure, capital, and expertise of the German chemical industry. Further conceptual steps in the natural sciences gave rise to the discipline of physical chemistry and a new theoretical framework for chemical reactions. The possibility of synthesizing ammonia from the elements was now plausible, meaning a solution was on the horizon. In 1898, William Crookes’ message to the world on the importance of ammonia synthesis for the production of foodstuffs not only framed the looming humanitarian crisis but also made its economic potential clear. All that was left to determine were the conditions under which ammonia could be synthesized.
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Sokolov, Boris, Alexandr Spesivtsev, Alexey Sukhoparov, and Valerii Zakharov. "Meaningful and Formal Problem Statement of the Technologies Synthesis and Programs of Grass Feed Production Proactive Management." In Agriculture Digitalization and Organic Production, 325–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7780-0_29.

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"Problems and Exercises." In Anionic Annulations in Organic Synthesis, 423–33. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813800-7.10000-4.

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Taber, Douglass F. "The Baran Synthesis of Vinigrol." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0091.

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The diterpene vinigrol 3, isolated from Virgaria nigra F-5408, has eluded total synthesis for more than 20 years. Attempts to construct the four-carbon bridge on a preformed cis-decalin have been unavailing. Phil S. Baran of Scripps/La Jolla solved (Angewandte Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3054; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 17066) this problem by adding the extra C-C bond of 1, which could then be cleaved in course of a Grob fragmentation, leading to 2. The preparation of 1 started with the dihydroresorcinol derivative 4. Diels-Alder addition of the ester 5 gave 6, with a modest 2:1 dr. Addition of allyl MgCl to the derived aldehyde 7 proceeded with 6:1 dr. The resulting triene was conformationally sufficiently constrained that cyclization to 8 proceeded at room temperature over 2 weeks, or more conveniently at 105°C for 90 minutes. With 8 in hand, oxidation to the ketone allowed installation of the additional methyl group of 9. Desilylation followed by OH-directed reduction set the relative configuration of 1 correctly for the Grob fragmentation to the Z -alkene 2. There were two remaining problems in the synthesis. The alkene of 2 had to be converted to the methylated tertiary alcohol, and the ketone had to be elaborated to the ene diol. Though seemingly straightforward, the congested tricyclic skeleton of 2 made many common transformations difficult. The solution to the first problem was found in the selective dipolar addition of bromonitrile oxide. Reduction of the ketone then enabled HO-directed hydrogenation of the alkene, which otherwise was resistant. Dehydration followed by reduction with LiAlH4 gave the desired methyl group bearing a primary amine, which was removed by free radical reduction of the corresponding isonitrile, to give 12. With 12 in hand, the end of the synthesis appeared to be in sight. In fact, the reduction of a variety of oxidized intermediates proved difficult. In the end, a sequence that did not require reduction proved effective. Dihydroxylation of 12 gave a diol, selective oxidation of which delivered the α-hydroxy ketone 13. Formation of the trisylhydrazone followed by Shapiro reaction gave the intermediate alkenyl anion, which was trapped with formaldehyde to give the long-sought vinigrol 3.
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Taber, Douglass. "The Overman Syntheses of Nankakurines A and B." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0102.

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The tetracyclic alkaloids Nankakurine A and Nankakurine B were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium hamiltonii. A preliminary study of the biological activity of Nankakurine A suggested that it could induce secretion of neurotrophic factors and promote neuronal differentiation. The key step in the first syntheses of Nankakurine A and of Nankakurine B, reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 11297) by Larry E. Overman of the University of California, Irvine was the intriguing intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization of 1 to 2. The starting material for the synthesis was 5-methyl cyclohexenone 6, prepared from (R)-pulegone. The diene 5 was prepared from the alkyne 4, following the procedure developed by Diver. There were two issues in developing the Diels-Alder addition of the enone 4 to the diene 6. The first was the relative lack of reactivity of 4 as a dienophile. The other issue was the ready epimerization of the product ketone 9. Both of these problems were solved using the activation method devised by Gassman. Condensation of 4 with 7 in the presence of the bis-silyl ether 7 and the diene 6 at cryogenic temperatures led to the ketal 8. It is thought that the active dienophile was the cation 11. Gentle hydrolysis of the ketal 8 was effected with minimal epimerization. Reductive amination with the hydrazide 10 proceeded with high diastereocontrol, to give the precursor 1. The intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization of 1 to 2 proceeded well, though the desired tetracyclic 2 was only observed when base was included in the reaction medium. In the absence of base, tricyclic alkenes dominated. Reduction of the N-N bond of 2 proceeded smoothly with freshly prepared SmI2 . After reductive methylation, hydrogenation removed the benzyl ether, and AlH3 converted the benzamide to the benzyl amine. At low temperature, mesylation of the alcohol was apparently faster than mesylation of the secondary amine, enabling cyclization to 14. Removal of the benzyl protecting group gave Nankakurine A, which was successfully methylated to give Nankakurine B.
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Taber, Douglass F. "The Carreira Synthesis of Indoxamycin B." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0094.

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Some members of the indoxamycin family show potent antineoplastic activity. The key cyclopentene-forming step in the route to indoxamycin B 3 devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3474) by Erick M. Carreira of ETH Zürich was the Pd-catalyzed cyclization of 1 to 2. The starting material for the preparation of 1 was the symmetrical methyl benzoate 4. Dissolving metal reduction followed by alkylation of the resulting ester enolate delivered the diene 5. Reduction and protection followed by allylic oxidation converted 5 into 6, which was carried onto 8 as a mixture of geometric isomers. The dissociated potassium alkoxide of 8 underwent smooth oxy-Cope rearrangement to give an enolate that was trapped as the silyl ether 1. Pd-catalyzed oxidative cyclization then completed the synthesis of 2. With the ketone 2 in hand, two challenges remained: distinguishing the two hydroxymethyl groups and functionalizing the allylic methine to construct the third quaternary center. Both problems were solved by the V-mediated epoxidation of the diol corresponding to 2. In situ, the anti-hydroxyl opened the epoxide to give the cyclic ether. Gold-mediated rearrangement of the O-propargylated enol ether 10 delivered an allene, which was selectively reduced to the alcohol 11. A second gold-mediated cyclization then completed the synthesis of 12. Indoxamycin B had been assigned as having the butenyl sidechain as the more stable endo diastereomer, so the synthesis was initially finished that way. When that product proved to not be congruent with the natural material, it seemed likely that the butenyl sidechain was in fact exo. Selective hydration of 12 gave a mixture of all four alcohol diastereomers. The two exo diastereomers were separated and oxidized to the ketone 13. Wittig olefination gave a pair of geometric isomers that were separated. The cyclic ether of the E isomer 14 was reduced to give a keto alcohol, which was oxidized to the keto aldehyde. Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons chain extension gave 15, which was carried onto indoxamycin B 3. An alternative construction of 3 by intramolecular carbene insertion into the allyic methine of 2 can be imagined.
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Taber, Douglass F. "The Rawal Synthesis of N-Methylwelwitindolinone D Isonitrile." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0105.

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The complex polycyclic structure of N-methylwelwitindolinone D isonitrile 3 was assigned in 1999. The welwitinines show an intriguing range of biological activity, including reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in human carcinoma cells. Viresh H. Rawal of the University of Chicago described (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5798) the first synthesis of 3, using as a key step the Pd-catalyzed cyclization of 1 to 2. The ketone 1 was assembled by the convergent coupling of 7 with 11. The indole 7 was readily available by Batcho-Leimgruber cyclization of commercial 4 to 5. The expected 3-acylation followed by N -methylation delivered the stable ketone 6. The unstable 7 was prepared as needed. The anisole 8 was the starting material for the preparation of the alicyclic diene 11. Although this synthesis was carried out in the racemic series, enantiomerically enriched 9 could be prepared by Shi epoxidation of the β,γ-unsaturated ketone from Birch reduction The alcohol 7 was not stable to silica gel chromatography. The mixture of 11 with the crude alcohol 7 was therefore activated by the addition of TMSOTf, then added via cannula to aqueous HClO4 in THF to deliver the coupled product 1 as a single diastereomer. The remarkable cyclization of 1 to 2 required extensive screening. Eventually it was found that a combination of ( t -Bu)3 P with Pd(OAc)2 as the Pd source worked well. This concise convergent synthetic strategy makes the welwitinine core 2 available in gram quantities. There were two problems to be solved in the conversion of 2 to 3. The first was the installation of the oxy bridge. Indoles are notoriously sensitive to overoxidation. Nevertheless, addition of an acetone solution of dimethyl dioxirane to the bromo ketone 12 over 24 hours gave clean conversion to 13. The remaining challenge was the conversion of the aldehyde of 13 to the isonitrile. Kim had described the inversion of an oxime to the isothiocyanate. Optimization of this protocol led to the thiourea 14 as the best for this transformation. Mild desulfurization then delivered N -methylwelwitindolinone D isonitrile 3.
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"Problems with Literature Reporting of Synthesis Plans." In The Algebra of Organic Synthesis, 55–72. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11442-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organic synthesis problems"

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Nein, Yulia I., and Yuriy Y. Morzherin. "Synthesis of triazolooxazepines." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069397.

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Savastenko, N. A., A. A. Scherbovich, A. V. Miadzvetski, and S. A. Maskevich. "PLASMA-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR PHOTODEGRADATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AND PHARMACEUTICALS IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-206-209.

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This study summarizes the data on plasma-assisted synthesis and modification of semiconductor-based photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants and pharmaceuticals in an aquatic environment.
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Sankar, P. Siva, K. Narendra Babu, G. Sravya, K. Sudheer, Grigory V. Zyryanov, and V. Padmavathi. "Bis(azolyl)sulfonamidoacetamides: Synthesis and bioassay." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070439.

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Basha, N. Hussain, T. Rekha, G. Sravya, N. Bakthavatchala Reddy, Grigory V. Zyryanov, and V. Padmavathi. "Azolyl pyrimidines-synthesis and antimicrobial activity." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070395.

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Vakhrushev, A. V., A. M. Demin, and V. P. Krasnov. "Synthesis of fluorescent GRGD peptide derivatives." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069274.

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Akhmedov, Alan, Dmitriy Shurpik, Zainab Latypova, Rustem Gamirov, Vitaliy Plemenkov, and Ivan Stoikov. "A synthetic analogue of archaea lipids based on aminoglycerin and geraniol: Synthesis and membranotropic properties." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069473.

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Puzanov, Zakhar S., Kseniya I. Lugovik, Lai Chen, Zhi J. Fan, and Nataliya P. Belskaya. "New brassilexin derivatives. Synthesis and biological properties." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068949.

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Savchenko, R. G., V. N. Odinokov, and L. V. Parfenova. "Diastereoselective synthesis of novel 20-hydroxyecdysone dioxolane derivatives." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069194.

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Reddy, N. Bakthavatchala, U. Nagarjuna, Grigory V. Zyryanov, A. Padmaja, V. Padmavathi, and G. Sravya. "Synthesis and spectral characterization of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070044.

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Shcherbakov, Konstantin V., Mariya A. Artemyeva, Yanina V. Burgart, and Victor I. Saloutin. "Synthesis and modification of 3-carbonyl functionalized polyfluoroflavones." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069746.

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Reports on the topic "Organic synthesis problems"

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Modlo, Yevhenii O., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Stanislav L. Bondarevskyi, Stanislav T. Tolmachev, Oksana M. Markova, and Pavlo P. Nechypurenko. Methods of using mobile Internet devices in the formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3677.

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Abstract:
An analysis of the experience of professional training bachelors of electromechanics in Ukraine and abroad made it possible to determine that one of the leading trends in its modernization is the synergistic integration of various engineering branches (mechanical, electrical, electronic engineering and automation) in mechatronics for the purpose of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance electromechanical equipment. Teaching mechatronics provides for the meaningful integration of various disciplines of professional and practical training bachelors of electromechanics based on the concept of modeling and technological integration of various organizational forms and teaching methods based on the concept of mobility. Within this approach, the leading learning tools of bachelors of electromechanics are mobile Internet devices (MID) – a multimedia mobile devices that provide wireless access to information and communication Internet services for collecting, organizing, storing, processing, transmitting, presenting all kinds of messages and data. The authors reveals the main possibilities of using MID in learning to ensure equal access to education, personalized learning, instant feedback and evaluating learning outcomes, mobile learning, productive use of time spent in classrooms, creating mobile learning communities, support situated learning, development of continuous seamless learning, ensuring the gap between formal and informal learning, minimize educational disruption in conflict and disaster areas, assist learners with disabilities, improve the quality of the communication and the management of institution, and maximize the cost-efficiency. Bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects is a personal and vocational ability, which includes a system of knowledge, skills, experience in learning and research activities on modeling mechatronic systems and a positive value attitude towards it; bachelor of electromechanics should be ready and able to use methods and software/hardware modeling tools for processes analyzes, systems synthesis, evaluating their reliability and effectiveness for solving practical problems in professional field. The competency structure of the bachelor of electromechanics in the modeling of technical objects is reflected in three groups of competencies: general scientific, general professional and specialized professional. The implementation of the technique of using MID in learning bachelors of electromechanics in modeling of technical objects is the appropriate methodic of using, the component of which is partial methods for using MID in the formation of the general scientific component of the bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects, are disclosed by example academic disciplines “Higher mathematics”, “Computers and programming”, “Engineering mechanics”, “Electrical machines”. The leading tools of formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects are augmented reality mobile tools (to visualize the objects’ structure and modeling results), mobile computer mathematical systems (universal tools used at all stages of modeling learning), cloud based spreadsheets (as modeling tools) and text editors (to make the program description of model), mobile computer-aided design systems (to create and view the physical properties of models of technical objects) and mobile communication tools (to organize a joint activity in modeling).
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2

Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.

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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environment for the events of fertilization yet thus far those events and the role of the female tract in influencing them are poorly understood. For this project, we have chosen to focus on the lower reproductive tract because it is the site of two processes critical to reproduction: sperm management (storage, maintenance, and release from storage) and fertilization. E,fforts during this project period centered on the elucidation of mating responses in the female lower reproductive tract The central goals of this project were: 1. To identify mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract using DNA microarray technology. 2. In parallel, to identify mating-responsive genes in these tissues using proteomic assays (2D gels and LC-MS/MS techniques). 3. To integrate proteomic and genomic analyses of reproductive tract gene expression to identify significant genes for functional analysis. Our main achievements were: 1. Identification of mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract. We identified 539 mating-responsive genes using genomic and proteomic approaches. This analysis revealed a shift from gene silencing to gene activation soon after mating and a peak in differential gene expression at 6 hours post-mating. In addition, comparison of the two datasets revealed an expression pattern consistent with the model that important reproductive proteins are pre-programmed for synthesis prior to mating. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). Validation experiments using real-time PCR techniques suggest that microarray assays provide a conservativestimate of the true transcriptional activity in reproductive tissues. 2.lntegration of proteomics and genomics data sets. We compared the expression profiles from DNA microarray data with the proteins identified in our proteomic experiments. Although comparing the two data sets poses analyical challenges, it provides a more complete view of gene expression as well as insights into how specific genes may be regulated. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). 3. Development of primary reproductive tract cell cultures. We developed primary cell cultures of dispersed reproductive tract cell types and determined conditions for organ culture of the entire reproductive tract. This work will allow us to rapidly screen mating-responsive genes for a variety of reproductive-tract specifi c functions. Scientific and agricultural significance. Together, these studies have defined the genetic response to mating in a part of the female reproductive tract that is critical for successful fertllization and have identified alarge set of mating-responsive genes. This work is the first to combine both genomic and proteomic approaches in determining female mating response in these tissues and has provided important insights into insect reproductive behavior.
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