Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organic Solar Cells, Conjugated Polymers, Organic Electronics

Academic literature on the topic 'Organic Solar Cells, Conjugated Polymers, Organic Electronics'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic Solar Cells, Conjugated Polymers, Organic Electronics"

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Mdluli, Siyabonga B., Morongwa E. Ramoroka, Sodiq T. Yussuf, Kwena D. Modibane, Vivian S. John-Denk, and Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. "π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 13, 2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040716.

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The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.
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R. Murad, Ary, Ahmed Iraqi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Sozan N. Abdullah, and Mohamad A. Brza. "Conducting Polymers for Optoelectronic Devices and Organic Solar Cells: A Review." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112627.

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In this review paper, we present a comprehensive summary of the different organic solar cell (OSC) families. Pure and doped conjugated polymers are described. The band structure, electronic properties, and charge separation process in conjugated polymers are briefly described. Various techniques for the preparation of conjugated polymers are presented in detail. The applications of conductive polymers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are explained thoroughly. The architecture of organic polymer solar cells including single layer, bilayer planar heterojunction, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are described. Moreover, designing conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications and optimizations of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are discussed. Principles of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells are addressed. Finally, strategies for band gap tuning and characteristics of solar cell are presented. In this article, several processing parameters such as the choice of solvent(s) for spin casting film, thermal and solvent annealing, solvent additive, and blend composition that affect the nano-morphology of the photoactive layer are reviewed.
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Mikheeva, Aleksandra N., Ilya E. Kuznetsov, Marina M. Tepliakova, Aly Elakshar, Mikhail V. Gapanovich, Yuri G. Gladush, Evgenia O. Perepelitsina, et al. "Novel Push-Pull Benzodithiophene-Containing Polymers as Hole-Transport Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells." Molecules 27, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 8333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238333.

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Donor-acceptor conjugated polymers are considered advanced semiconductor materials for the development of thin-film electronics. One of the most attractive families of polymeric semiconductors in terms of photovoltaic applications are benzodithiophene-based polymers owing to their highly tunable electronic and physicochemical properties, and readily scalable production. In this work, we report the synthesis of three novel push–pull benzodithiophene-based polymers with different side chains and their investigation as hole transport materials (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is shown that polymer P3 that contains triisopropylsilyl side groups exhibits better film-forming ability that, along with high hole mobilities, results in increased characteristics of PSCs. Encouraging a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.4% was achieved for P3-based PSCs that outperformed the efficiency of devices based on P1, P2, and benchmark PTAA polymer. These findings feature the great potential of benzodithiophene-based conjugated polymers as dopant-free HTMs for the fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells.
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Li, Zijie, Yusheng Chen, Pan Ye, Xiangli Jia, Xiaoxi Wu, Jianfei Wu, Qinqin Shi, Aidong Peng, and Hui Huang. "Microwave-Assisted Classic Ullmann C–C Coupling Polymerization for Acceptor-Acceptor Homopolymers." Polymers 11, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111741.

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Developing cheap, clean and atomic-efficient synthetic methodologies for conjugated polymers are always critical for the field of organic electronics. Herein, classic Ullmann coupling polymerization is developed to synthesize a series of Acceptor-Acceptor (A-A) type homopolymers with microwave-assistance, which are supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), elemental analysis (EA) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The physicochemical properties of these polymers are studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Furthermore, these A-A homopolymers are used as acceptors for all-polymer solar cells (All-PSCs), affording a promising efficiency of 3.08%, which is the highest value for A-A-homopolymer-based organic solar cells.
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Tieke, Bernd, A. Raman Rabindranath, Kai Zhang, and Yu Zhu. "Conjugated polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole units in the main chain." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 6 (August 31, 2010): 830–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.6.92.

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Research activities in the field of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers are reviewed. Synthetic pathways to monomers and polymers, and the characteristic properties of the polymers are described. Potential applications in the field of organic electronic materials such as light emitting diodes, organic solar cells and organic field effect transistors are discussed.
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Al-Azzawi, Ahmed G. S., Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Elham M. A. Dannoun, Ahmed Iraqi, Muaffaq M. Nofal, Ary R. Murad, and Ahang M. Hussein. "A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010164.

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This review article covers the synthesis and design of conjugated polymers for carefully adjusting energy levels and energy band gap (EBG) to achieve the desired photovoltaic performance. The formation of bonds and the delocalization of electrons over conjugated chains are both explained by the molecular orbital theory (MOT). The intrinsic characteristics that classify conjugated polymers as semiconducting materials come from the EBG of organic molecules. A quinoid mesomeric structure (D-A D+ = A−) forms across the major backbones of the polymer as a result of alternating donor–acceptor segments contributing to the pull–push driving force between neighboring units, resulting in a smaller optical EBG. Furthermore, one of the most crucial factors in achieving excellent performance of the polymer is improving the morphology of the active layer. In order to improve exciton diffusion, dissociation, and charge transport, the nanoscale morphology ensures nanometer phase separation between donor and acceptor components in the active layer. It was demonstrated that because of the exciton’s short lifetime, only small diffusion distances (10–20 nm) are needed for all photo-generated excitons to reach the interfacial region where they can separate into free charge carriers. There is a comprehensive explanation of the architecture of organic solar cells using single layer, bilayer, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. The short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) all have a significant impact on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Since the BHJ concept was first proposed, significant advancement and quick configuration development of these devices have been accomplished. Due to their ability to combine great optical and electronic properties with strong thermal and chemical stability, conjugated polymers are unique semiconducting materials that are used in a wide range of applications. According to the fundamental operating theories of OSCs, unlike inorganic semiconductors such as silicon solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices are unable to produce free carrier charges (holes and electrons). To overcome the Coulombic attraction and separate the excitons into free charges in the interfacial region, organic semiconductors require an additional thermodynamic driving force. From the molecular engineering of conjugated polymers, it was discovered that the most crucial obstacles to achieving the most desirable properties are the design and synthesis of conjugated polymers toward optimal p-type materials. Along with plastic solar cells (PSCs), these materials have extended to a number of different applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, the topics of fluorene and carbazole as donor units in conjugated polymers are covered. The Stille, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions widely used to synthesize alternating D–A copolymers are also presented. Moreover, conjugated polymers based on anthracene that can be used in solar cells are covered.
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Campaioli, Francesco, and Jared H. Cole. "Exciton transport in amorphous polymers and the role of morphology and thermalisation." New Journal of Physics 23, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 113038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac37c7.

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Abstract Understanding the transport mechanism of electronic excitations in conjugated polymers is key to advancing organic optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes and flexible electronics. While crystalline polymers can be studied using solid-state techniques based on lattice periodicity, the characterisation of amorphous polymers is hindered by an intermediate regime of disorder and the associated lack of symmetries. To overcome these hurdles we have developed a reduced state quantum master equation approach based on the Merrifield exciton formalism. This new approach allows us to study the dynamics of excitons’ centre of mass and charge separation (CS), going beyond the standard model of charge-neutral Frenkel excitons. Using this model we study exciton transport in conjugated polymers and its dependence on morphology and temperature. Exciton dynamics consists of a thermalisation process, whose features depend on the relative strength of thermal energy, electronic couplings and disorder, resulting in remarkably different transport regimes. By applying this method to representative systems based on poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) we obtain insight into the role of temperature and disorder on localisation, CS, non-equilibrium dynamics, and experimental accessibility of thermal equilibrium states of excitons in amorphous polymers.
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Predeep, P., and Anisha Mary Mathew. "INTRINSICALLY CONDUCTING RUBBERS: TOWARD MICRO APPLICATIONS." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 84, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 366–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3592283.

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Abstract More than three decades after the major breakthrough in the efforts to develop intrinsic electric conductivity in conjugated polymers, which culminated in the year 2000 Nobel Prize for Shirakawa et al., conducting plastics hold the promise of providing a cost effective and unique alternative material solution for applications ranging from consumer electronics to optoelectronics, solar cells, lighting, memory, and a host of new photonic applications. It would not be an exaggeration to mention conducting polymers as the materials for the next century. The notion of conjugation as a pre-condition for a polymer to be made intrinsically conducting was challenged when a conjugated polymer such as natural rubber was doped to increase its electrical conductivity by more than 10 orders in magnitude. This discovery by Thakur et al., triggered a spate of investigations on the phenomenon and mechanism of conduction in nonconjugated polymers such as Elastomers. The discovery that rubbers could be doped like conjugated polymers raised the hope of finding extremely different micro applications hitherto unknown for natural rubber as well as synthetic rubbers. Investigations point toward the possibility of conducting rubbers, unlike the conjugated polymers having easy processability and cost effectiveness, finding wide applications in organic electronics and photonic applications. A critique of the early and current efforts in developing intrinsic electric conductivity in natural rubber as well as synthetic elastomers in the context of the investigations made by the authors in this direction is reviewed and presented.
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Luceño, J. A., A. M. Díez-Pascual, R. Peña, and P. García-Díaz. "Synthesis of hexamethylene diisocyanate-functionalized graphene oxide for solar cell applications." E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185702005.

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Graphene (G), an allotrope of carbon with exceptional optical, electronic, thermal and mechanical properties, and its oxidized form graphene oxide (GO), show huge potential for a broad range of applications. In particular, their high conductivity, transparency, flexibility, and abundance make them suitable for polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, their insolubility in common organic solvents hinders their applications. Consequently, novel functionalization approaches are pursued. The present work is devoted to the preparation of hexamethylene diisocyante-functionalized graphene oxide (HDI-GO). The synthesized nanomaterial shows a highly hydrophobic nature and can be dispersed in organic non-polar solvents, hence is a prospective candidate to be combined with conjugated polymers for solar cell applications.
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Zhao, Chaowei, Fan Yang, Dongdong Xia, Zhou Zhang, Yuefeng Zhang, Nanfu Yan, Shengyong You, and Weiwei Li. "Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based conjugated polymers for organic solar cells." Chemical Communications 56, no. 72 (2020): 10394–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04150e.

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Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based conjugated polymers as an electron donor, acceptor and single-component for application in organic solar cells in the past ten years have been intensively reviewed in this Feature Article.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic Solar Cells, Conjugated Polymers, Organic Electronics"

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DANESH, CAMERON DEAN. "SURFACTANT FORMULATIONS FOR WATER-BASED PROCESSING OF A POLYTHIOPHENE DERIVATIVE." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1058.

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Conjugated polymers are semiconducting materials that are currently being researched for numerous applications from chemical and biological sensors to electronic devices, including photovoltaics and transistors. Much of the novel research on conjugated polymers is performed in academic settings, where scientists are working to prepare conjugated polymers for commercially viable applications. By offering numerous advantages, inherent in macromolecular materials, conjugated polymers may hold the key to cheap and environmentally friendly manufacturing of future electronic devices. Mechanical flexibility, and solvent-based coating processes are two commonly cited advantages. Transitions in the backbone conformation of polythiophenes (PT) in organic solvents have been widely observed to influence thin-film morphology. However, conformational transitions of water-soluble PT derivatives, with respect to their intramolecular versus intermolecular origin, remain largely obscure. Here, conformational transitions of a water- soluble polythiophene in aqueous ionic surfactants are investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and various X-ray scattering techniques. As-prepared complexes exist as stable hydrogels. Upon dilution, a significant time-dependent chromism occurs spontaneously. A coil-to-rod conformational transition is identified in this mechanism and verified using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Study into the corresponding kinetics demonstrates an inverse first-order rate law. It is found that the conformational transition is thermally reversible and concentration-independent. The critical transition temperature is largely dependent on the surfactant formulation. A theoretical model is presented to explain this new phenomenon and the mechanisms behind its influence on the optoelectronic and solid-state morphological properties. A relationship between the dilute-solution processing with surfactants and the final properties of the system is substantiated.
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Kovacik, Peter. "Vacuum deposition of organic molecules for photovoltaic applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98461a90-5ae3-4ae3-9245-0f825adafa72.

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Organic photovoltaics have attracted considerable research and commercial interest due to their lightness, mechanical flexibility and low production costs. There are two main approaches for the fabrication of organic solar cells – solution and vacuum processing. The former relies on morphology control in polymer-fullerene blends resulting from natural phase separation in these systems. The latter takes advantage of solvent-free processing allowing highly complex multi-junction architectures similar to inorganic solar cells. This work aims to combine the benefits of both by depositing conjugated polymers using vacuum thermal evaporation. By employing this unconventional approach it aims to enhance the efficiency of organic photovoltaics through increased complexity of the thin-film architecture while improving the nanoscale morphology control of the individual active layers. The thesis explores the vacuum thermal deposition of polythiophenes, mainly poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and side-group free poly(thiophene) (PTh). A variety of chemical techniques, such as NMR, FT-IR, GPC, DSC and TGA, are used to examine the effect of heating on chemical structure of the polymers. Optimal processing parameters are identified and related to the resulting thin-film morphology and charge transport properties. Efficient photovoltaic devices based on polythiophene donors and fullerene acceptors are fabricated. Materials science techniques AFM, XRD, SEM, TEM and MicroXAM are used to characterize topography and morphology of the thin films, and UV-Vis, EQE, I-V and C-V measurements relate these to the optical and electronic properties. The results of the study show that polymer side groups have a strong influence on molecular packing and charge extraction in vacuum-deposited polymer thin films. Unlike P3HT, evaporated PTh forms highly crystalline films. This leads to enhanced charge transport properties with hole mobility two orders of magnitude higher than that in P3HT. The effect of molecular order is demonstrated on polymer/fullerene planar heterojunction solar cells. PTh-based devices have significantly better current and recombination characteristics, resulting in improved overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 70% as compared to P3HT. This confirms that the chemical structure of the molecule is a crucial parameter in deposition of large organic semiconductors. It is also the first-ever example of vacuum-deposited polymer photovoltaic cell. Next, vacuum co-deposited PTh:C60 bulk heterojunctions with different donor-acceptor compositions are fabricated, and the effect of post-production thermal annealing on their photovoltaic performance and morphology is studied. Co-deposition of blended mixtures leads to 60% higher photocurrents than in thickness-optimized PTh/C60 planar heterojunction counterparts. Furthermore, by annealing the devices post-situ the PCE is improved by as much as 80%, achieving performance comparable to previously reported polythiophene and oligothiophene equivalents processed in solution and vacuum, respectively. The enhanced photo-response is a result of favourable morphological development of PTh upon annealing. In contrast to standard vacuum-processed molecular blends, annealing-induced phase separation in PTh:C60 does not lead to the formation of coarse morphology but rather to an incremental improvement of the already established interpenetrated nanoscale network. The morphological response of the evaporated PTh within the blend is further verified to positively differ from that of its small-molecule counterpart sexithiophene. This illustrates the morphological advantage of polymer-fullerene combination over all other vacuum-processable material systems. In conclusion, this processing approach outlines the conceptual path towards the most beneficial combination of solution/polymer- and vacuum-based photovoltaics. It opens up a fabrication method with considerable potential to enhance the efficiency of large-scale organic solar cells production.
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Yahya, Wan Zaireen Nisa. "Synthèse et caractérisation des oligomères et polymères Ä-conjugués nanostructurés pour applications en photovoltaïque." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV074/document.

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Les cellules photovoltaïques organiques ont fait l'objet d'un intérêt croissant au cours de ces dernières décennies car elles offrent un grand potentiel pour une production d'énergie renouvelable à faible coût. Afin d'obtenir des cellules solaires organiques à haut rendement de conversion d'énergie, beaucoup de recherches se focalisent sur les matériaux ayant des capacités à absorber la lumière efficacement. Dans ce contexte, le présent travail se concentre sur la conception et le développement de nouveaux matériaux donneurs d'électrons (oligomères et polymères) comme matériaux absorbant de la lumière basée sur l'approche « Donneur-Accepteur » alternant des segments riches en électron (donneur d'électron) et des unités pauvres en électron (accepteur d'électron). Trois séries d'unités riches en électron ont été étudiées: oligothiophènes, fluorène et indacenodithiophene. L'unité fluorénone est la principale unité « accepteur d'électron » étudiée. Une comparaison directe avec le système basé sur l'unité benzothiadiazole comme accepteur d'électron est également rapportée. Trois méthodes principales de synthèse ont été utilisées: polymérisation oxydante par le chlorure de fer (III), et les couplages croisés au palladium de type Suzuki ou de Stille. Les études spectroscopique UV-Visible en absorption et en photoluminescence sur ces oligomères et polymères ont démontré la présence de complexes à transfert de charges permettant d'élargir le spectre d'absorption. Les oligomères et les polymères possèdent des faibles largeurs de bande interdite de 1,6 eV à 2 eV. Les systèmes ayant des unités fluorénones présentent des spectres d'absorption étendus allant jusqu'à 600-700 nm, tandis que les systèmes ayant des unités benzothiadiazoles présentent des spectres d'absorption allant jusqu'à 700- 800 nm. La nature des bandes de complexes à transfert de charge se révèle d'être dépendant de la force de respective des unités « donneur d'électrons » et des unités « accepteur d'électrons ». Les niveaux d'énergies HOMO et LUMO des oligomères et les polymères sont déterminés par des mesures électrochimiques. Les polymères à base de fluorène possèdent des niveaux d'énergie HOMO les plus bas. Ces polymères testés en mélange avec les fullerenes PCBM en cellules photovoltaïques ont démontré des valeurs élevées de tension en circuit ouvert (Voc) proche de 0,9 V. Tous les oligomères et les polymères ont été testés dans des dispositifs photovoltaïques et ont montré des résultats encourageants avec des rendements de conversion allant jusqu'à 2,1 %. Ce sont des premièrs résultats obtenus après seulement quelques optimisations (ratios oligomères ou polymères : fullerènes et recuit thermique). Ce travail prometteur permet ainsi d'envisager des résultats plus élevés dans le futur
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have been a subject of increasing interest during the last decade as they are promising candidates for low cost renewable energy production. In order to obtain reasonably high performance organic solar cells, development of efficient light absorbing materials are of primary focus in the OPV field. In this context, the present work is focused on the design and development of new electron donor materials (oligomers and polymers) as light absorbing materials based on “Donor-Acceptor” approach alternating electron donating group and electron withdrawing group. Three main families of electron donating group are studied: oligothiophenes, fluorene and indacenodithiophene. Fluorenone unit is the principal electron withdrawing group studied and a direct comparison with the system based on benzothiadiazole unit as electron withdrawing unit is also provided. Three main synthetic methods were employed: oxidative polymerization mediated by Iron (III) chloride and Palladium cross-coupling reactions according to Suzuki coupling or Stille coupling conditions. Spectroscopic studies on absorption and photoluminescence have demonstrated the presence of characteristic charge transfer complex in all the studied D-A oligomers and polymers allowing the extension of the absorption spectrum. The D-A oligomers and polymers have shown an overall low optical band gap of 1.6-2 eV with absorption spectra up to 600 to 800 nm. The nature of the charge transfer complex transitions bands were found to be depending on the strength of the electron donating unit and the electron withdrawing unit. Furthermore molecular packing in solution and in solid state has also demonstrated to contribute to extension of absorption spectrum. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the oligomers and polymers were determined by electrochemical measurements. Fluorene-based polymers have shown low lying HOMO energy levels, and these polymers demonstrate high open circuit voltage (Voc) in photovoltaic cell when combined with fullerenes derivatives PCBM with Voc values close to 0.9 V. The oligomers and polymers tested in photovoltaic devices have shown promising results with the highest power conversion efficiency obtained of 2.1 % when combined with fullerenes PCBMC70. These results were obtained after only limited numbers of device optimizations such as the active materials ratios and thermal annealing. Therefore further optimization of devices may exhibit higher power conversion efficiencies
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Cui, Chaohua. "Conjugated polymer and small-molecule donor materials for organic solar cells." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/37.

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This thesis is dedicated to developing conjugated polymer and small-molecule donor materials for solution-processable organic solar cells. To begin with, a brief introduction of organic solar cells (OSCs) and an overview of donor materials development were presented in Chapter 1. In chapter 2, we used carbon-carbon triple bands as linkage of the TVT unit to develop a new building block, ATVTA. Small molecules S-03, S-04, and S-05 with ATVTA as building block showed broad absorption spectra and low-lying HOMO energy levels. S-01 with TVT unit and S-02 with AT2 as building block were also synthesized for clear comparison. OSCs devices based on S-01 and S-02 showed a Voc of 0.88 V and 0.89 V, respectively. The device based on S-03 exhibited a high Voc of 0.96 V, leading to a PCE of 2.19%. The devices based on S-04 and S-05 afforded a notable Voc over 1.0 V. The results demonstrate that ATVTA unit is a promising building block for extending π conjugation of the molecules without pulling up their HOMO energy levels. Chapter 3 focused on the development of 2D-conjugated small-molecule donor materials. The 2D-conjugated small molecule S-06 possesses excellent solution processability, broad absorption feature, respectable hole mobility and good film-forming morphology. The conjugated thiophene side chain not only effectively extends the absorption spectrum, but also lowers the HOMO energy level, which is desirable for obtaining high Voc. The BHJ OSCs based on S-06:PC70BM (1:0.5, w/w) afforded a high PCE of 4.0% and a notable FF of 0.63 without any special treatment needed. This preliminary work demonstrates that this kind of 2D-conjugated small molecules offer a good strategy to design new photovoltaic small molecule-based donor materials with high FF and Voc for high-efficiency OSCs. The consistently developed two 2D-conjugated small molecules S-07 and S-08 also possess low-lying HOMO energy levels. OSC device based on S-07:PC60BM (1:3, w/w) afforded a notable Voc of 0.96 V, with a PCE of 2.52%. BHJ devices based on S-08 will be fabricated and tested to investigate its photovoltaic properties in the near future. We developed a series of oligothiophenes with platinum(Ⅱ) as the building block in Chapter 4. These small metallated conjugated small molecules exhibited broad spectra and relatively low-lying HOMO energy levels in the range of –5.27 eV to –5.40 eV. Introducing platinum(Ⅱ) arylene ethynylenes as building block can be considered as an approach to obtain small-molecule donors with satisfactory absorption features and HOMO energy levels. Nevertheless, due to the low FF, the PCEs of these donor materials based devices are lower than 2%. Fine tuning the film morphologies of this kind of metallated small-molecule donor materials should be carried out to improve their photovoltaic performance. We addressed an efficient approach to improve the photovoltaic properties by side chain engineering in 2D-conjugated polymers in Chapter 5. Considering the fact that the Voc of PBDTTT based devices is less than 0.8 V, we introduced alkylthio substituent on the conjugated thiophene side chains of the 2D-conjugated copolymer to further improve the photovoltaic performance of the 2D-conjugated copolymers PBDTTTs. The weak electron-donating ability of the alkylthio side chains effectively down-shifted the HOMO energy level of PBDTT-S-TT by 0.11 eV in comparison to the corresponding polymer with alkyl substitution on the conjugated thiophene side chains. The PSC device based on PBDTT-S-TT showed an enhanced Voc of 0.84 V, which is among the highest one in the reported copolymers based on BDT and TT units, leading to an enhanced PCE of 8.42%. The results indicate that molecular modification by introducing alkylthio side chain will be a promising strategy to broaden the absorption, down-shift the HOMO energy level and increase the hole mobility of the low band gap 2D-conjugated polymers for further enhancing the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. PBDTT-O-TT-C and PBDTT-S-TT-C were developed to further study the conclusion. We found that OSC device based on PBDTT-S-TT-C with alkylthio side chain also demonstrated a high Voc of 0.89 V, with a PCE of 6.85% when processed with 3% DIO additive
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Daoud, Walid. "Synthesis of conjugated polymers and their use in photovoltaic cells." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14469/.

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Zhan, Hongmei. "Synthesis, characterization and optoelectronic applications of new conjugated organic and organometallic polymers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1240.

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Xu, Zongxiang, and 许宗祥. "Organic thin film transistors and solar cells fabricated with [pi]-conjugated polymers and macrocyclic materials." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182554.

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Xu, Zongxiang. "Organic thin film transistors and solar cells fabricated with [pi]-conjugated polymers and macrocyclic materials." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182554.

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Mori, Daisuke. "Development of Polymer Blend Solar Cells Composed of Conjugated Donor and Acceptor Polymers." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199331.

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André, Johansson. "A photodegradation study of conjugated polymers for organic solar cells by absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84049.

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The effect of light exposure in ambient air on thin films made from an electron acceptor polymer poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (N2200), an electron donor polymer Poly[[2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)-5,8-quinoxalinediyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl] (TQ1) and their blends, has been studied using UV-vis spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). For solutions of TQ1, N2200 and blends, the linearity of the Beer-Lambert law for absorption spectroscopy has been verified. The measured UV-vis spectra show that TQ1 thin films are more sensitive to degradation by simulated sunlight than N2200 films. They also show that among the polymer blends, the N2200-rich blend with volume ratio 1:2 (TQ1:N2200) was less sensitive to degradation by simulated sunlight than blends of ratio 1:1 and 2:1. The AFM images showed a change in roughness between the undegraded and degraded films, where the TQ1, 1:1 and 1:2 films obtained lower roughness after 45 hours of degradation, and the N2200 and the 2:1 films obtained higher roughness.
Effekten av simulerad solljusexponering i omgivande luft på tunna filmer gjorda av en elektronaccepterande polymer poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (N2200), en elektrondonerande polymer Poly[[2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)-5,8-quinoxalinediyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl] (TQ1) och deras blandningar, har undersökts genom ultraviolett-synlig-spektroskopi (UV-vis-spektroskopi) och atomkraftsmikroskopi (AFM). Genom lösningar av TQ1, N2200 och blandningar, har det linjära förhållandet i Beer Lamberts lag för absorptionsspektroskopi verifierats. De mätta UV-vis-spektrumen visar att tunna TQ1-filmer är känsligare mot degradering genom simulerat solljus än tunna N2200-filmer. De visar också att den N2200-rika blandningen med ett volymförhållande av 1:2 (TQ1:N2200) var mindre känslig för degradering av simulerat solljus än blandningar med volymförhållandet 1:1 och 2:1. AFM-bilderna visade en förändring i råhet mellan degraderade och icke-degraderade filmer, där TQ1-, 1:1-, och 1:2-filmerna fick en lägre ytråhet efter 45 timmar av degradering, och N2200- och 2:1-filmera fick en högre ytråhet.
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Book chapters on the topic "Organic Solar Cells, Conjugated Polymers, Organic Electronics"

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Osaka, Itaru. "Polymer Solar Cells: Development of π-Conjugated Polymers with Controlled Energetics and Structural Orders." In Organic Solar Cells, 89–121. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9113-6_5.

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Yang, Liqiang, Huaxing Zhou, Andrew C. Stuart, and Wei You. "Molecular Design of Conjugated Polymers for High-Efficiency Solar Cells." In Organic Photovoltaics, 61–94. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656912.ch03.

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Huang, Jinsong, Gang Li, Juo-Hao Li, Li-Min Chen, and Yang Yang. "Transparent Solar Cells Based on Organic Polymers." In Transparent Electronics, 343–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470710609.ch14.

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"Conjugated Polymers as Electron Donors in Organic Solar Cells." In Organic Solar Cells, 24–39. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18072-5.

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Ye, Qun, and Chunyan Chi. "Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells." In Solar Cells - New Aspects and Solutions. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/23275.

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Langner, Stefan, Jose Dario Perea Ospina, Chaohong Zhang, Ning Li, and Christoph J. Brabec. "The Relevance of Solubility and Miscibility for the Performance of Organic Solar Cells." In Conjugated Polymers, 485–514. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190520-15.

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Kymakis, Emmanuel, and Gehan A. J. Amaratunga. "Solar Cells Based on Composites of Donor Conjugated Polymers and Carbon Nanotubes." In Organic Photovoltaics, 351–66. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420026351-18.

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Kelly, Mary Allison, Qianqian Zhang, Nicole Bauer, and Wei You. "Design and Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cells." In World Scientific Handbook of Organic Optoelectronic Devices, 1–30. World Scientific, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813239517_0001.

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Sharma, Shyam Sunder, Atul Kumar Dadhich, and Subodh Srivastava. "Organic Solar Cells: Fundamentals, Working Principle and Device Structures." In Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment - Part 2, 199–236. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049961122020014.

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New photovoltaic energy technologies are helping to provide ecologically acceptable renewable energy sources while also lowering carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and biomass. Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology is a novel type of solar technology based on conjugated polymers and small molecules. These solar cells have enticed triable attention in recent years due to their potential of providing mechanical flexible, light weight, low cost and environmental friendly solar cells with highly tunable electrical and chemical properties. In particular, bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) made up of a blend of a p-type conjugated polymer as a donor and an n-type semiconductor as an acceptor is thought to be a viable method. The fundamental physics of OSCs, their operating mechanism, novel materials used and device architectures are discussed in this chapter. The technological development for large-area fabrication and the studies on stability issues of the flexible OSCs will be the main focus of the researchers in the next step. The chapter also reviews the present state of OSC production and the problems that it faces, as well as issues of stability and deterioration.
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Singh, Babita, Sonali Singhal, and Tanzeel Ahmed. "Cosmetic and Medical Applications of Fungal Nanotechnology." In Mycology: Current and Future Developments, 238–58. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051360122030013.

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Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating atoms and molecules in the nanoscale - 80,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Nanotechnology is a revolutionary technology that is being used in many fields all over the world as it finds applications in automobiles, electronics, material science, etc. Fungal nanotechnology has great prospects for developing new products with industrial, agricultural, medicinal, and consumer applications in a wide range of areas. Nanotechnology has applications in the field of cosmetics, which are known as nanocosmetics. Various types of nanomaterials are employed in cosmetic and medical applications i.e. inorganic nanoparticles, Silica (SiO2 ), Carbon Black, Nano-Organic materials, Nano Hydroxyapatite, Gold, and Silver Nanoparticles, Nanoliposomes, etc. NPs have been explored and identified as carriers for drug delivery. New drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been applied in the treatment of human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, microbial infections, and gene therapy. The benefits of these treatments are that the drug is targeted to diseased cells, and its safety profile is enhanced by the reduced toxic side effects to normal cells. In general, NPs can be conjugated with different types of drugs to deliver bioactive compounds to the target site by various methods, such as the use of nanotubes, liposomes, quantum dots, nanopores, and dendrimers. It is employed in fuel cell applications that involve polymers in the proton exchange membrane, binder for the electrodes, and matrix for bipolar plates.
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Conference papers on the topic "Organic Solar Cells, Conjugated Polymers, Organic Electronics"

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Strohriegl, Peter, Philipp Knauer, Christina Saller, and Esther Scheler. "Patternable conjugated polymers for organic solar cells." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi and Paul A. Lane. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2023899.

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Bronstein, Hugo A., Kealan Falon, Nir Yaacobi-Gross, Raja Shahid Ashraf, Iain McCulloch, and Thomas D. Anthopoulos. "Novel nature-inspired conjugated polymers for high performance transistors and solar cells (Presentation Recording)." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Iain McCulloch, Oana D. Jurchescu, Ioannis Kymissis, Ruth Shinar, and Luisa Torsi. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2187844.

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Strohriegl, Peter, Christina Saller, Philipp Knauer, Anna Köhler, Tobias Hahn, Florian Fischer, and Frank-Julian Kahle. "Crosslinkable low bandgap polymers for organic solar cells." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi, Paul A. Lane, and Ifor D. W. Samuel. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2239400.

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You, Wei. "Benzotriazole (TAZ): A versatile building block for conjugated polymers based solar cells (Conference Presentation)." In Organic, Hybrid, and Perovskite Photovoltaics XIX, edited by Kwanghee Lee, Zakya H. Kafafi, and Paul A. Lane. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2320418.

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Duprez, Virginie, Matteo Biancardo, and Frederik C. Krebs. "Synthesis of conjugated polymers containing terpyridine metal complexes: application in organic solar cells." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi and Paul A. Lane. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.613437.

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Al-hashimi, Mohammed, Anji Putta, Siham Alqaradawi, Hassan Bazzi, and Martin Heeney. "Conjugated Small Molecules And Polymers For Use In Next Generation Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.eepp0073.

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