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Kamble, Ganesh S., Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan, Santosh S. Patil, Molly Thomas, Rajvardhan K. Chougale, Prashant D. Sanadi, Umesh S. Siddharth, and Yong-Chein Ling. "BiVO4 As a Sustainable and Emerging Photocatalyst: Synthesis Methodologies, Engineering Properties, and Its Volatile Organic Compounds Degradation Efficiency." Nanomaterials 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2023): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13091528.
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Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is one of the best bismuth-based semiconducting materials because of its narrow band gap energy, good visible light absorption, unique physical and chemical characteristics, and non-toxic nature. In addition, BiVO4 with different morphologies has been synthesized and exhibited excellent visible light photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of various organic pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nevertheless, the commercial scale utilization of BiVO4 is significantly limited because of the poor separation (faster recombination rate) and transport ability of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. So, engineering/modifications of BiVO4 materials are performed to enhance their structural, electronic, and morphological properties. Thus, this review article aims to provide a critical overview of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), various semiconducting nanomaterials, BiVO4 synthesis methodologies, engineering of BiVO4 properties through making binary and ternary nanocomposites, and coupling with metals/non-metals and metal nanoparticles and the development of Z-scheme type nanocomposites, etc., and their visible light photocatalytic efficiency in VOCs degradation. In addition, future challenges and the way forward for improving the commercial-scale application of BiVO4-based semiconducting nanomaterials are also discussed. Thus, we hope that this review is a valuable resource for designing BiVO4-based nanocomposites with superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency in VOCs degradation.
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Sasi, Soorya, Sunish K. Sugunan, P. Radhakrishnan Nair, K. R. V. Subramanian, and Suresh Mathew. "Scope of surface-modified molecular and nanomaterials in gel/liquid forms for developing mechanically flexible DSSCs/QDSSCs." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 18, no. 1 (2019): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00293b.
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In this perspective article, we discuss the possibilities of integrating liquefied organic and inorganic semiconducting materials with tunable optoelectronic properties into solvent-free fluidic systems of functional optoelectronic materials to generate flexible DSSCs/QDSSCs.
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Gatou, Maria-Anna, Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena, Natassa Pippa, Maria Gazouli, Evangelia A. Pavlatou, and Nefeli Lagopati. "The Use of Crystalline Carbon-Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) in Various Biomedical Applications." Crystals 13, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13081236.
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This review study aims to present, in a condensed manner, the significance of the use of crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials, encompassing graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene quantum dots, have emerged as promising materials for the development of medical devices in various biomedical applications. These materials possess inorganic semiconducting attributes combined with organic π-π stacking features, allowing them to efficiently interact with biomolecules and present enhanced light responses. By harnessing these unique properties, carbon-based nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for future advancements in biomedicine. Recent studies have focused on the development of these nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, and biosensors. The conjugation and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials have led to significant advancements in a plethora of therapies and have addressed limitations in preclinical biomedical applications. Furthermore, the wide-ranging therapeutic advantages of carbon nanotubes have been thoroughly examined in the context of biomedical applications.
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Rajakumar, Govindasamy, Xiu-Hua Zhang, Thandapani Gomathi, Sheng-Fu Wang, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Govindarasu Mydhili, Gnanasundaram Nirmala, Mohammad A. Alzohairy, and Ill-Min Chung. "Current Use of Carbon-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications—A Prospective and Review." Processes 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030355.
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Among a large number of current biomedical applications in the use of medical devices, carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene (G), graphene oxides (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotube (CNT) are frontline materials that are suitable for developing medical devices. Carbon Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) are becoming promising materials due to the existence of both inorganic semiconducting properties and organic π-π stacking characteristics. Hence, it could effectively simultaneously interact with biomolecules and response to the light. By taking advantage of such aspects in a single entity, CBNs could be used for developing biomedical applications in the future. The recent studies in developing carbon-based nanomaterials and its applications in targeting drug delivery, cancer therapy, and biosensors. The development of conjugated and modified carbon-based nanomaterials contributes to positive outcomes in various therapies and achieved emerging challenges in preclinical biomedical applications. Subsequently, diverse biomedical applications of carbon nanotube were also deliberately discussed in the light of various therapeutic advantages.
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Annerino, Anthony, and Perena Gouma. "Gas-Selective Semiconducting Oxide Nanowires from Novel Processing Methods." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 52 (July 7, 2022): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01522132mtgabs.
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Presented here are sensor nanomaterials that can be used for the skin-based gas “smelling” of disease. Skin testing may provide rapid and reliable results, using specific “fingerprints” or unique patterns for a variety of diseases and conditions. These can include metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and cholesterol-induced heart disease; neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; quality of life conditions, such as obesity and sleep apnea; pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; gastrointestinal tract diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome and colitis; cancers, such as breast, lung, pancreatic, and colon cancers; infectious diseases, such as the flu and COVID-19; as well as diseases commonly found in ICU patients, such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and infections of the blood stream. Focusing on the most common gaseous biomarkers emitted from human skin, which are nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and certain abundant volatile organic compounds (acetone, isoprene, ammonia, alcohols, sulfides), it is argued here that effective discrimination between the diseases mentioned above is possible by capturing the relative sensor output signals from the detection of each of these biomarkers and identifying the distinct gaseous “fingerprint” of each disease with the presented nanomaterials synthesized by novel processing methods.
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Zhu, Houjuan, Chen Xie, Peng Chen, and Kanyi Pu. "Organic Nanotheranostics for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Phototherapy." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 8 (May 16, 2019): 1389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170921103152.
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Phototherapies including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have emerged as one of the avant-garde strategies for cancer treatment. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a new hybrid imaging modality that shows great promise for real-time in vivo monitoring of biological processes with deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce side effects and minimize the probability of over-medication, it is necessary to use imaging and diagnostic methods to identify the ideal therapeutic window and track the therapeutic outcome. With this regard, nanotheranostics with the ability to conduct PA imaging and PTT/PDT are emerging. This review summarizes the recent progress of organic nanomaterials including nearinfrared (NIR) dyes and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) in PA imaging guided cancer phototherapy, and also addresses their present challenges and potential in clinical applications.
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Kaul, Anupama B. "Solution-based Production of 2D-layered Materials." MRS Advances 1, no. 32 (2016): 2267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.407.
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ABSTRACTTwo dimensional (2D) nanomaterials such as graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted tremendous attention over recent years due to their unique properties and potential for numerous applications. Given the wide range of compositions of 2D-layered materials that have emerged in recent years, it is not surprising that they offer a rich spectrum of properties, ranging from metallic, insulating, superconducting to semiconducting. Here we report on the solution-based production of 2D layered material flakes, in particular graphene and MoS2 where the materials are chemically exfoliated in organic solvents which can then be ink jet printed using a commercially available material printer, for printed electronics applications.
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Meyer, Mbese, and Agoro. "The Frontiers of Nanomaterials (SnS, PbS and CuS) for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications: An Exciting New Infrared Material." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234223.
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To date, extensive studies have been done on solar cells on how to harness the unpleasant climatic condition for the binary benefits of renewable energy sources and potential energy solutions. Photovoltaic (PV) is considered as, not only as the future of humanity’s source of green energy, but also as a reliable solution to the energy crisis due to its sustainability, abundance, easy fabrication, cost-friendly and environmentally hazard-free nature. PV is grouped into first, second and third-generation cells. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), classified as third-generation PV, have gained more ground in recent times. This is linked to their transparency, high efficiency, shape, being cost-friendly and flexibility of colour. However, further improvement of DSSCs by quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) has increased their efficiency through the use of semiconducting materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), as sensitizers. This has paved way for the fabrication of semiconducting QDs to replace the ideal DSSCs with quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Moreover, there are no absolute photosensitizers that can cover all the infrared spectrum, the infusion of QD metal sulphides with better absorption could serve as a breakthrough. Metal sulphides, such as PbS, SnS and CuS QDs could be used as photosensitizers due to their strong near infrared (NIR) absorption properties. A few great dependable and reproducible routes to synthesize better QD size have attained much ground in the past and of late. The injection of these QD materials, which display (NIR) absorption with localized surface plasmon resonances (SPR), due to self-doped p-type carriers and photocatalytic activity could enhance the performance of the solar cell. This review will be focused on QDs in solar cell applications, the recent advances in the synthesis method, their stability, and long term prospects of QDSSCs efficiency.
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Yao, Wei-Tang, and Shu-Hong Yu. "Synthesis of Semiconducting Functional Materials in Solution: From II-VI Semiconductor to Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Nanomaterials." Advanced Functional Materials 18, no. 21 (November 10, 2008): 3357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800672.
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Yao, Wei-Tang, and Shu-Hong Yu. "Synthesis of Semiconducting Functional Materials in Solution: From II-VI Semiconductor to Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Nanomaterials." Advanced Functional Materials 18, no. 22 (November 24, 2008): NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200890095.
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Pandya, Maharshi, and Raghaw Saran. "Application of Nanoparticals in Medicine." Journal of ISAS 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.2/mvsb9110.
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Nanomaterials due to their size (ranging from 0.1-100 nm, at least in one dimension) and higher ratio of surface area to volume display dominant quantum effects causing drastic changes in their chemical reactivity as well as optical, elastic, electrical and magnetic properties. The electrons due to their wave nature move very easily without scattering in nanomaterials and allow their use as biological sensors. Nano wires, semiconducting in nature, act as a versatile optoelectronic component in photodetectors sensitive to polarization and arrays with sub wavelength resolution. The wide applicability of nanomaterials in medicines emerge from the similarity in size of biomolecule moieties of metabolic processes occurring at nano levels. Optical properties of quantum dots allow their use as biomarkers subsequent to coating with a material able to bind selectively with certain biological structures like cancer cells by fluorescent absorption followed by emission of electrons known as functionalised quantum dots. Nanomaterials on combining with biomolecules develop ability to recognize sensitive diagnostic and regulated drug delivery processes with appreciably better performances and may be used as tissue substitutes. The properties produced in organic solvents make them hydrophobic and incompatible to biological molecules. At the same time, they may be converted into water soluble form and made biocompatible through different techniques like ligand exchange, encapsulation, polymer coating (with functional groups attached to the surface) providing reactive site for bio conjugation through different processes keeping limitations of the processes in view. Nanomaterials play prominent role in medicines as obviated by growing global market for them in the field expected to reach to USD 182.3 billion by 2027 at a compounded annual growth rate of 19.9% from 2021
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Pandya, Maharshi, and Raghaw Saran. "Application of Nanoparticles in Medicine." Journal of ISAS 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.2.mvsb9110.
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Nanomaterials due to their size (ranging from 0.1-100 nm, at least in one dimension) and higher ratio of surface area to volume display dominant quantum effects causing drastic changes in their chemical reactivity as well as optical, elastic, electrical and magnetic properties. The electrons due to their wave nature move very easily without scattering in nanomaterials and allow their use as biological sensors. Nano wires, semiconducting in nature, act as a versatile optoelectronic component in photodetectors sensitive to polarization and arrays with sub wavelength resolution. The wide applicability of nanomaterials in medicines emerge from the similarity in size of biomolecule moieties of metabolic processes occurring at nano levels. Optical properties of quantum dots allow their use as biomarkers subsequent to coating with a material able to bind selectively with certain biological structures like cancer cells by fluorescent absorption followed by emission of electrons known as functionalised quantum dots. Nanomaterials on combining with biomolecules develop ability to recognize sensitive diagnostic and regulated drug delivery processes with appreciably better performances and may be used as tissue substitutes. The properties produced in organic solvents make them hydrophobic and incompatible to biological molecules. At the same time, they may be converted into water soluble form and made biocompatible through different techniques like ligand exchange, encapsulation, polymer coating (with functional groups attached to the surface) providing reactive site for bio conjugation through different processes keeping limitations of the processes in view. Nanomaterials play prominent role in medicines as obviated by growing global market for them in the field expected to reach to USD 182.3 billion by 2027 at a compounded annual growth rate of 19.9% from 2021.
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Nature, Science. "Aspect-ratio Dependence of Optical Nonlinearities on Resonance with Longitudinal Surface Plasmon in Au Nanorods: Unique Character versus Common Behavior." SCIENCE NATURE 1, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/snvol1iss1pp001-007year2018.
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Unique character and common behavior are two distinguished things. In frontier nanoscience and nanotechnology, unique characters were normally obtained in some novel exotics materials such as metal-metal core-shell materials, metallic-semiconducting hybrid nanomaterials, and organic-inorganics complex nano-compounds. On the other hand, normal behavior of natural phenomena including in nano-size objects were obviously predicted based on their exact size related to confinement effect, and capability to interact with another physical system in nature. Here, we report an example of unique character due to evolution nonlinear behavior observed in gold nanorod with their aspect-ratio dependence of optical nonlinearities investigated by femtosecond Z-scan measurements closed to resonance longitudinal surface plasmon peak in gold nanorods (Au NRs). Saturable absorption manifests itself at low excitation (laser irradiances < ~7.0 GW/cm2), while reverse saturable absorption dominates at higher excitation. Both the nonlinear processes are found to increase with the aspect ratio of Au NRs. Based on the discrete dipole approximation, qualitative explanations are presented for the observed nonlinear behavior. While common behavior in metallic quantum dots or other shapes of metallic nanomaterials was not the significant in our observation.
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Nature, Science. "Aspect-ratio Dependence of Optical Nonlinearities on Resonance with Longitudinal Surface Plasmon in Au Nanorods: Unique Character versus Common Behavior." SCIENCE NATURE 1, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/vol1iss1pp001-007year2018.
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Unique character and common behavior are two distinguished things. In frontier nanoscience and nanotechnology, unique characters were normally obtained in some novel exotics materials such as metal-metal core-shell materials, metallic-semiconducting hybrid nanomaterials, and organic-inorganics complex nano-compounds. On the other hand, normal behavior of natural phenomena including in nano-size objects were obviously predicted based on their exact size related to confinement effect, and capability to interact with another physical system in nature. Here, we report an example of unique character due to evolution nonlinear behavior observed in gold nanorod with their aspect-ratio dependence of optical nonlinearities investigated by femtosecond Z-scan measurements closed to resonance longitudinal surface plasmon peak in gold nanorods (Au NRs). Saturable absorption manifests itself at low excitation (laser irradiances < ~7.0 GW/cm2), while reverse saturable absorption dominates at higher excitation. Both the nonlinear processes are found to increase with the aspect ratio of Au NRs. Based on the discrete dipole approximation, qualitative explanations are presented for the observed nonlinear behavior. While common behavior in metallic quantum dots or other shapes of metallic nanomaterials was not the significant in our observation.
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Ahlawat, Dharamvir Singh, and Indu Yadav. "Optical, morphological and thermal investigation of Cu doped ternary semiconducting (Cd1-xZnxS:Cu) nanomaterials." Optical Materials 119 (September 2021): 111377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111377.
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Sun, Ke, Xiaotong Peng, Zengkang Gan, Wei Chen, Xiaolin Li, Tao Gong, and Pu Xiao. "3D Printing/Vat Photopolymerization of Photopolymers Activated by Novel Organic Dyes as Photoinitiators." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101272.
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Even though numerous organic dyes which are used as photoinitiators/photocatalysts during photopolymerization have been systematically investigated and collected in previous reviews, further designs of these chromophores and the developments in high-performance photoinitiating systems have emerged in recent years, which play the crucial role in 3D printing/Vat polymerization. Here, in this mini-review, various families of organic dyes that are used as newly synthesized photoinitiators/photocatalysts which were reported in literature during 2021–2022 are specified by their photoinitiation mechanisms, which dominate their performance during photopolymerization, especially in 3D printing. Markedly, visible light-induced polymerization could be employed in circumstances not only upon the irradiation of artificial light sources, e.g., in LEDs, but also in sunlight irradiation. Furthermore, a short overview of the achievements of newly developed mechanisms, e.g., RAFT, photoinitiator-RAFT, and aqueous RAFT using organic chromophores as light-harvesting compounds to induce photopolymerization upon visible light irradiation are also thoroughly discussed. Finally, the reports on the semiconducting nanomaterials that have been used as photoinitiators/photocatalysts during photopolymerization are also introduced as perspectives that are able to expand the scope of 3D printing and materials science due to their various advantages such as high extinction coefficients, broad absorption spectra, and having multiple molecular binding points.
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Sukhanova, Ekaterina V., Liudmila A. Bereznikova, Anton M. Manakhov, Hassan Alqahtani, and Zakhar I. Popov. "A Novel Membrane-like 2D A’-MoS2 as Anode for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries." Membranes 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111156.
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Currently, new nanomaterials for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium- ion batteries (SIBs) are urgently needed. Materials combining porous structure (such as representatives of metal–organic frameworks) and the ability to operate both with lithium and sodium (such as transition-metal dichalcogenides) are of particular interest. Our work reports the computational modelling of a new A’-MoS2 structure and its application in LIBs and SIBs. The A’-MoS2 monolayer was dynamically stable and exhibited semiconducting properties with an indirect band gap of 0.74 eV. A large surface area, together with the presence of pores resulted in a high capacity of the A’-MoS2 equal to ~391 mAg−1 at maximum filling for both Li and Na atoms. High adsorption energies and small values of diffusion barriers indicate that the A’-MoS2 is promising in the application of anode material in LIBs and SIBs.
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Khan, Iftheker A., Joseph R. V. Flora, A. R. M. Nabiul Afrooz, Nirupam Aich, P. Ariette Schierz, P. Lee Ferguson, Tara Sabo-Attwood, and Navid B. Saleh. "Change in chirality of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes can overcome anionic surfactant stabilisation: a systematic study of aggregation kinetics." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 6 (2015): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14176.
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Environmental context Chirally enriched semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are some of the most utilised nanomaterials. Although chirality of SWNTs is known to influence their electronic properties and interfacial interaction, the interplay between chirality and surfactant structure in SWNT stability is not well understood. This study investigates these interactions, providing data to better assess the environmental fate of SWNTs. Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes’ (SWNT) effectiveness in applications is enhanced by debundling or stabilisation. Anionic surfactants are known to effectively stabilise SWNTs. However, the role of specific chirality on surfactant-stabilised SWNT aggregation has not been studied to date. The aggregation behaviour of chirally enriched (6,5) and (7,6) semiconducting SWNTs, functionalised with three anionic surfactants – sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium deoxycholate – was evaluated with time-resolved dynamic light scattering. A wide range of mono- (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) electrolytes as well as a 2.5mg total organic carbon (TOC) L–1 Suwannee River humic acid were used as background chemistry. Overall, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate showed the most effectiveness in stabilising SWNTs, followed by sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the larger diameter (7,6) chirality tubes (compared to (6,5) diameter), compromised the surfactant stability due to enhanced van der Waals interaction. The presence of divalent electrolytes overshadowed the chirality effects and resulted in similar aggregation behaviour for both the SWNT samples. Molecular modelling results elucidated key differences in surfactant conformation on SWNT surfaces and identified interaction energy changes between the two chiralities to delineate aggregation mechanisms. The stability of SWNTs increased in the presence of Suwannee River humic acid under 10mM monovalent and mixed-electrolyte conditions. The results suggest that change in chirality can overcome surfactant stabilisation of semiconducting SWNTs. SWNT stability can also be strongly influenced by the anionic surfactant structure.
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Mazzanti, Andrea, Zhijie Yang, Mychel G. Silva, Nailiang Yang, Giancarlo Rizza, Pierre-Eugène Coulon, Cristian Manzoni, et al. "Light–heat conversion dynamics in highly diversified water-dispersed hydrophobic nanocrystal assemblies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 17 (April 5, 2019): 8161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817850116.
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We investigate, with a combination of ultrafast optical spectroscopy and semiclassical modeling, the photothermal properties of various water-soluble nanocrystal assemblies. Broadband pump–probe experiments with ∼100-fs time resolution in the visible and near infrared reveal a complex scenario for their transient optical response that is dictated by their hybrid composition at the nanoscale, comprising metallic (Au) or semiconducting (Fe3O4) nanostructures and a matrix of organic ligands. We track the whole chain of energy flow that starts from light absorption by the individual nanocrystals and subsequent excitation of out-of-equilibrium carriers followed by the electron–phonon equilibration, occurring in a few picoseconds, and then by the heat release to the matrix on the 100-ps timescale. Two-dimensional finite-element method electromagnetic simulations of the composite nanostructure and multitemperature modeling of the energy flow dynamics enable us to identify the key mechanism presiding over the light–heat conversion in these kinds of nanomaterials. We demonstrate that hybrid (organic–inorganic) nanocrystal assemblies can operate as efficient nanoheaters by exploiting the high absorption from the individual nanocrystals, enabled by the dilution of the inorganic phase that is followed by a relatively fast heating of the embedding organic matrix, occurring on the 100-ps timescale.
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Rury, Aaron S., Adedayo M. Sanni, Destiny Konadu, and Tyler Danielson. "Evidence of defect-induced broadband light emission from 2D Ag–Bi double perovskites grown at liquid–liquid interfaces." Journal of Chemical Physics 158, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 011101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134568.
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Controlling the light emission spectra of low-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic materials remains an important goal toward the implementation of these materials into real-world optoelectronic devices. In this study, we present evidence that the self-assembly of two-dimensional (2D) silver bismuth iodide double perovskite derivatives at the interface of aqueous and organic solutions leads to the formation of defects capable of modulating the light emission spectra of these materials. Through an analysis of the structural parameters used to explain the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of 2D perovskites, we show the light spectra emitted by (4-ammonium methyl)piperidinium (4-AMP) and (3-ammonium methyl)pyridinium (3-AMPy)-spaced AgBiI8 double perovskites formed through interfacial solution-phase chemistry differ qualitatively and quantitatively from thin film samples. We use previous results to propose the differences observed in the PL spectra of different material morphologies stem from equatorial iodide vacancy formation driven by the kinetics of self-assembly at the liquid–liquid interface. These results show the generality of these chemical physics principles in the formation of defect sites in solution-processed semiconducting nanomaterials, which could help enable their broad use in optoelectronic technologies.
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Pojanavaraphan, Tassawuth, and Rathanawan Magaraphan. "Fabrication and characterization of new semiconducting nanomaterials composed of natural layered silicates (Na+-MMT), natural rubber (NR), and polypyrrole (PPy)." Polymer 51, no. 5 (March 2010): 1111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.003.
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Jin, Shan, Yanxi Hu, Zhanjun Gu, Lei Liu, and Hai-Chen Wu. "Application of Quantum Dots in Biological Imaging." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/834139.
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Quantum dots (QDs) are a group of semiconducting nanomaterials with unique optical and electronic properties. They have distinct advantages over traditional fluorescent organic dyes in chemical and biological studies in terms of tunable emission spectra, signal brightness, photostability, and so forth. Currently, the major type of QDs is the heavy metal-containing II-IV, IV-VI, or III-V QDs. Silicon QDs and conjugated polymer dots have also been developed in order to lower the potential toxicity of the fluorescent probes for biological applications. Aqueous solubility is the common problem for all types of QDs when they are employed in the biological researches, such asin vitroandin vivoimaging. To circumvent this problem, ligand exchange and polymer coating are proven to be effective, besides synthesizing QDs in aqueous solutions directly. However, toxicity is another big concern especially forin vivostudies. Ligand protection and core/shell structure can partly solve this problem. With the rapid development of QDs research, new elements and new morphologies have been introduced to this area to fabricate more safe and efficient QDs for biological applications.
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Moorthy, Vijai M., Joseph D. Rathnasami, and Viranjay M. Srivastava. "Design Optimization and Characterization with Fabrication of Nanomaterials-Based Photo Diode Cell for Subretinal Implant Application." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2023): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050934.
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An ultrathin nano photodiode array fabricated in a flexible substrate can be an ideal therapeutic replacement for degenerated photoreceptor cells damaged by Age-related Macula Degeneration (AMD) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), such as retinal infections. Silicon-based photodiode arrays have been attempted as artificial retinas. Considering the difficulties caused by hard silicon subretinal implants, researchers have diverted their attention towards organic photovoltaic cells-based subretinal implants. Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) has been a favorite choice as an anode electrode. A mix of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyleste (P3HT: PCBM) has been utilized as an active layer in such nanomaterial-based subretinal implants. Though encouraging results have been obtained during the trial of such retinal implants, the need to replace ITO with a suitable transparent conductive electrode will be a suitable substitute. Further, conjugated polymers have been used as active layers in such photodiodes and have shown delamination in the retinal space over time despite their biocompatibility. This research attempted to fabricate and characterize Bulk Hetero Junction (BHJ) based Nano Photo Diode (NPD) utilizing Graphene–polyethylene terephthalate (G–PET)/semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (s-SWCNT): fullerene (C60) blend/aluminium (Al) structure to determine the issues in the development of subretinal prosthesis. An effective design approach adopted in this analysis has resulted in developing an NPD with an Efficiency of 10.1% in a non-ITO-driven NPD structure. Additionally, the results show that the efficiency can be further improved by increasing active layer thickness.
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Galstyan, Vardan, Manohar Bhandari, Veronica Sberveglieri, Giorgio Sberveglieri, and Elisabetta Comini. "Metal Oxide Nanostructures in Food Applications: Quality Control and Packaging." Chemosensors 6, no. 2 (April 14, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6020016.
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Metal oxide materials have been applied in different fields due to their excellent functional properties. Metal oxides nanostructuration, preparation with the various morphologies, and their coupling with other structures enhance the unique properties of the materials and open new perspectives for their application in the food industry. Chemical gas sensors that are based on semiconducting metal oxide materials can detect the presence of toxins and volatile organic compounds that are produced in food products due to their spoilage and hazardous processes that may take place during the food aging and transportation. Metal oxide nanomaterials can be used in food processing, packaging, and the preservation industry as well. Moreover, the metal oxide-based nanocomposite structures can provide many advantageous features to the final food packaging material, such as antimicrobial activity, enzyme immobilization, oxygen scavenging, mechanical strength, increasing the stability and the shelf life of food, and securing the food against humidity, temperature, and other physiological factors. In this paper, we review the most recent achievements on the synthesis of metal oxide-based nanostructures and their applications in food quality monitoring and active and intelligent packaging.
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Yao, Wei-Tang, and Shu-Hong Yu. "Inside Front Cover: Synthesis of Semiconducting Functional Materials in Solution: From II-VI Semiconductor to Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Nanomaterials (Adv. Funct. Mater. 21/2008)." Advanced Functional Materials 18, no. 21 (November 10, 2008): NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200890085.
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Mai, Van Tien, Thi Oanh Doan, Binh Pham, Thi Trinh Le, Thi Thuy Duong, and Viet Anh Pham Ba. "Synthesis of V2O5-MgO/TiO2 mixed oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic treatment of CO in vehicle exhaust emissions." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2023): 025005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/acd23f.
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Abstract Photocatalytic nanotechnology is one of the techniques that brings many new breakthroughs since it possesses high potential for the supply of clean energy and the degradation of persistent organic pollutants in the environment. The drawback of photocatalytic materials such as TiO2, ZnO, V2O5 is the activation only under ultraviolet light. To extend the applicability of photocatalytic nanomaterials to a visible light region, recent research has focused on the modification of semiconducting photocatalysts. In this study, V2O5-MgO/TiO2 mixed oxide nanocomposites were synthesised via a sol-gel method by using polyvinyl alcohol as a gelling agent. The basic structural characteristics of nanocomposites were determined by analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The results obtained from EDX and XRD analyses indicate that V2O5 and MgO particles with a size between 14.5 and 21.3 nm were formed and uniformly dispersed in TiO2 phases. Moreover, the effects of oxide weight ratios, illuminating conditions and reaction time on the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites were investigated via CO conversion with the input CO concentrations of 8000 ppm. Significantly, the V2O5-MgO/TiO2 nanocomposites were used for treating CO in motorcycle exhaust fumes. The efficiency of the process reached 82% for 10 min, indicating the potential applicability of the V2O5-MgO/TiO2 nanocomposites for the CO treatment of industrial emissions.
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Pandit, Nayeem Ahmad, and Tokeer Ahmad. "Tin Oxide Based Hybrid Nanostructures for Efficient Gas Sensing." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207038.
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Tin oxide as a semiconductor metal oxide has revealed great potential in the field of gas sensing due to its porous structure and reduced size. Especially for tin oxide and its composites, inherent properties such as high surface areas and their unique semiconducting properties with tunable band gaps make them compelling for sensing applications. In combination with the general benefits of metal oxide nanomaterials, the incorporation of metal oxides into metal oxide nanoparticles is a new approach that has dramatically improved the sensing performance of these materials due to the synergistic effects. This review aims to comprehend the sensing mechanisms and the synergistic effects of tin oxide and its composites in achieving high selectivity, high sensitivity and rapid response speed which will be addressed with a full summary. The review further vehemently highlights the advances in tin oxide and its composites in the gas sensing field. Further, the structural components, structural features and surface chemistry involved in the gas sensing are also explained. In addition, this review discusses the SnO2 metal oxide and its composites and unravels the complications in achieving high selectivity, high sensitivity and rapid response speed. The review begins with the gas sensing mechanisms, which are followed by the synthesis methods. Further key results and discussions of previous studies on tin metal oxide and its composites are also discussed. Moreover, achievements in recent research on tin oxide and its composites for sensor applications are then comprehensively compiled. Finally, the challenges and scope for future developments are discussed.
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Nicolosi, Valeria. "Processing and characterisation of two-dimensional nanostructures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094893.
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Low-dimensional nanostructured materials such as organic and inorganic nanotubes, nanowires and platelets are potentially useful in a number of areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their remarkable mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. However difficulties associated with their lack of processability have seriously hampered both. In the last few years dispersion and exfoliation methods have been developed and demonstrated to apply universally to 1D and 2D nanostructures of very diverse nature, offering a practical means of processing the nanostructures for a wide range of innovative technologies. Among the first materials to have benefitted most from these advances are carbon nanotubes [6] and more recently graphene. Recently this work has been extended to boron nitride and a wide range of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides. These are potentially important because they occur in >40 different types with a wide range of electronic properties, varying from metallic to semiconducting. To make real applications truly feasible, however, it is crucial to fully characterize the nanostructures on the atomic scale and correlate this information with their physical and chemical properties. Advances in aberration-corrected optics in electron microscopy have revolutionised the way to characterise nano-materials, opening new frontiers for materials science. With the recent advances in nanostructure processability, electron microscopes are now revealing the structure of the individual components of nanomaterials, atom by atom. Here we will present an overview of very different low-dimensional materials issues, showing what aberration-corrected electron microscopy can do to answer materials scientists' questions. Particular emphasis will be given to the investigation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2) and the study of their structure, defects, stacking sequence, vacancies and low-atomic number individual adatoms. The analyses of the h-BN data showed that majority of nanosheets retain bulk stacking. However several of the images displayed stacking different from the bulk. Similar, to 2D h-BN, images of MoS2 and WS2 have shown the stacking previously unobserved in the bulk. This novel stacking consists of Mo/W stacked on the top each other in the consecutive layers.
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Moorthy, Vijai Meyyappan, and Viranjay M. Srivastava. "Device Modelling and Optimization of Nanomaterial-Based Planar Heterojunction Solar Cell (by Varying the Device Dimensions and Material Parameters)." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12173031.
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The objective of this work is to model a multi-disciplinary (multi-physics) organic photovoltaic (OPV) using mathematical modeling and analyzing the behavior of a standard planar heterojunction (PHJ) or bi-layer thin-film photovoltaic device, supporting the optimization of an efficient device for future production and assisting in evaluating and choosing the materials required for the efficient device. In order to increase photodiode performance, the device structure and geometrical properties have also been optimized and evaluated. In this work, the effects of varying the device size and transport parameters on the performance parameters of a PHJ OPV structure comprised of Indium Tin Oxide as the anode (ITO), semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube (s-SWCNT) as the donor, fullerene C70 as the acceptor, and Aluminium (Al) as the cathode have been analyzed. The conclusion suggests that a highly effective ITO/s-SWCNT/C70/Al PHJ solar cell may be fabricated if the suggested device is appropriately built with a thin layer and a high exciton diffusion length, bi-molecular recombination coefficient, and improved mobility charge carriers, in particular hole mobility in the cell’s donor layer. In addition, the displayed current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the proposed PHJ device are clearly indicated, with the ITO/s-SWCNT/C70/Al combination having the greatest short-circuit current density (Jsc) value of 5.61 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.7 V, fill factor (FF) of 79% and efficiency (ɳ) of 3.1%. Results show that the electrical performance of organic solar cells is sensitive to the thickness of the photoactive substance. These results open the path for developing inexpensive and highly efficient solar cells.
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Sumaira Younis, Haq Nawaz Bhatti, Sadia Z. Bajwa, Jie Xu, and Saba Jamil. "Photodegradation of Direct Violet 51 Dye using Bi2 MoO6 /GO Nanoflakes as Promising Solar Light-driven Photocatalys." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 60, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-1)796.
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Water contamination is a challenging issue for the maintenance of environmental sustainability. Industrial effluents are considered major sources of water pollution which affect the quality of surface as well as ground water. In the present research work, semiconducting Bismuth Molybdate/Graphene Oxide (Bi2MoO6/GO) composite nanomaterial has been introduced as the solar light-driven catalyst for photodegradation of Direct Violet (DV) 51 dye and industrial wastewater. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the Bi2MoO6 /GO composite material. Experimental findings revealed that flake-like Bi2MoO6 /GO composite exhibits 99.00 % degradation activity against DV dye within 80 minutes. Bi2MoO6 /GO nanoflakes degrade DV dye up to 98.70 % at pH 7 and 99.99 % with a 100 mg catalyst dose within 60 minutes, respectively. The stability/reusability study presented 99.82 % - 93.84 % dye degradation from the 1st to 7th day within 80 minutes while optimizing experimental parameters. According to kinetic studies of experimental outcomes, the pseudo-first-order model was best fitted to the obtained data with a coefficient of determination R2=0.954. Moreover, a 69.23 % reduction was observed in chemical oxygen demand (COD) during the photodegradation study of industrial wastewater. Results indicate that Bi2MoO6 /GO nanoflakes have good photocatalytic potential and stability to degrade organic water pollutants under sunlight. Such materials can be used effectively for the photodegradation of organic water pollutants to enhance environmental safety.
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PLENTZ, FLÁVIO, HENRIQUE B. RIBEIRO, ADO JORIO, MARCOS A. PIMENTA, C. FANTINI, V. S. T. PERESSINOTTO, C. A. FURTADO, and A. P. SANTOS. "PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2009): 2676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062165.
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Since the discovery of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in 1991, this nanomaterial has received an enormous attention from the nanoscience and nanotechnology community, not only due to the clear prospects for applications such as novel nanoelectronic and nano-optoelectronic devices, but also because this unique one dimensional (1D) system offered a new possibility for the investigation of novel physical phenomena in low dimensions. In 2002 it was demonstrated that photoluminescence (PL) could be observed in suspensions of isolated SWNTs and, later on, that PL could also be observed from individual, suspended SWNTs. Since then, there has been an increasing amount of work directed towards the investigation of the optical properties of semiconducting SWNTs by PL and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (PLE), and the use of PL and PLE for the qualitative and quantitative identification of SWNTs species within and ensemble of carbon nanotubes. In 2005 it was shown that the observed optical transitions are associated to 1D excitons and, from the point of view of optical properties, the rich physics of excitons in SWNTs has received much attention. For instance, it is now clear that excitons and exciton-phonon interactions play a major role in the mechanisms responsible for the emission and the absorption of light in SWNTs. Also, the interaction of SWNTs with their vicinity, which includes the interaction with organic and inorganic molecules, and the modifications in the excitonic system caused by changes in the dielectric constant, can be readily investigated by PL and PLE. In this talk we presented an overview of our recent work in the optical spectroscopy of SWNTs.1–3 In particular, we showed some of our results on the investigation of the exciton-phonon interaction in semiconducting SWNTs and on the modifications in the PL and PLE spectra associated to the interactions with its surrounding environment. Note from Publisher: This article contains the abstract only.
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Ammam, Malika, and E. Bradley Easton. "Advanced NOx gas sensing based on novel hybrid organic–inorganic semiconducting nanomaterial formed between pyrrole and Dawson type polyoxoanion [P2Mo18O62]6−." Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, no. 22 (2011): 7886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1jm11244a.
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Bukhari, Syed Nizam Uddin Shah, Aqeel Ahmed Shah, Muhammad Ali Bhatti, Aneela Tahira, Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, Abdul Karim Shah, Ali Dad Chandio, et al. "Psyllium-Husk-Assisted Synthesis of ZnO Microstructures with Improved Photocatalytic Properties for the Degradation of Methylene Blue (MB)." Nanomaterials 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203568.
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Wastewater from the textile industry is chronic and hazardous for the human body due to the presence of a variety of organic dyes; therefore, its complete treatment requires efficient, simple, and low cost technology. For this purpose, we grew ZnO microstructures in the presence of psyllium husk, and the role of psyllium husk was to modify the surface of the ZnO microstructures, create defects in the semiconducting crystal structures, and to alter the morphology of the nanostructured material. The growth process involved a hydrothermal method followed by calcination in air. Additionally, the psyllium husk, after thermal combustion, added a certain value of carbon into the ZnO nanomaterial, consequently enhancing the photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue. We also investigated the effect of varying doses of photocatalyst on the photocatalytic properties towards the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under the illumination of ultraviolet light. The structure and morphology of the prepared ZnO microstructures were explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The degradation of methylene blue was monitored under the irradiation of ultraviolet light and in the dark. Also, the degradation of methylene blue was measured with and without photocatalyst. The photodegradation of methylene blue is highly increased using the ZnO sample prepared with psyllium husk. The photodegradation efficiency is found to be approximately 99.35% for this sample. The outperforming functionality of psyllium-husk-assisted ZnO sample is attributed to large surface area of carbon material from the psyllium husk and the synergetic effect between the incorporated carbon and ZnO itself. Based on the performance of the hybrid material, it is safe to say that psyllium husk has high potential for use where surface roughness, morphology alteration, and defects in the crystal structure are vital for the enhancing the functionality of a nanostructured material. The observed performance of ZnO in the presence of psyllium husk provides evidence for the fabrication of a low cost and efficient photocatalyst for the wastewater treatment problems.
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Xu, Jia-Le, Li-Wen Li, Yu-Xuan Luo, Sheng-Hao Yuan, and Ning-Ning Liu. "Antifungal Nanomaterials: Current Progress and Future Directions." Innovations in Digital Health, Diagnostics, and Biomarkers, July 13, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/iddb-20-03.
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ABSTRACT Fungal infection poses a severe threat to human health worldwide resulting in a serious problem in clinic. Due to the limited arsenal of existing antifungal drugs, the nanomaterials were thus regarded as the candidate for developing new antifungal drugs. On the one hand, the antifungal nanomaterials are divided into inorganic nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials, and hybrid nanomaterials, among which inorganic nanoparticles include metal and semiconducting categories. On the other hand, they can also be divided into inorganic particles, organic structures, and mixed nanostructures. Currently various directions for the research and development of antifungal nanomaterials are undergoing. To improve the antifungal effect, the chemical modification of nanomaterials and combination with the available drugs are two strategies widely used. In addition, optimizing the synthetic process of nanomaterials is also a major method to broaden their antifungal application. This review focuses on the current research progress and cutting-edge technologies of antifungal nanomaterials in the field of pharmacodynamics, synthesis and combination of drugs. The nanomaterial will provide a promising and broadly effective antifungal strategy and represent a potentially repositionable candidate for the treatment of fungal infections.
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Yin, Chao, Xiaomei Lu, Quli Fan, and Wei Huang. "Organic semiconducting nanomaterials‐assisted phototheranostics in near‐infrared‐II biological window." View, September 28, 2020, 20200070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/viw.20200070.
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Zaidi, Zakiullah, Yesleen Gupta, and Laxmi Gayatri Sorokhaibam. "Semiconducting nanomaterials for photocatalytic desulfurization of liquid fuel under sunlight irradiation." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, September 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2021-0081.
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Abstract Nanomaterials have fascinated the interest of researchers due to their unique electronic, optical, magnetic, and several other properties. Tin sulfide (SnS2) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) have emerged as promising materials for pharmaceutical, textile, environmental remediation, energy conversion, and storage device design. These two compounds were widely used in waste-water treatment for photocatalytic destruction of organic contaminants. However, the degradation of organic sulfur compounds in the liquid fuel desulfurization process has rarely been investigated using such materials. We hereby, present a hydrothermal method for developing the hexagonal lattice structure of SnS2 and ZnO for the deep desulfurization of model liquid fuel. These materials were further characterized through powder X-ray diffraction for phase purity and crystalline, FTIR analysis to validate functional groups, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm to study surface properties, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for band gap analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy for morphology analysis. The optical behavior reveals that the energy gap for SnS2 and ZnO is 2.09 and 3.21 eV, respectively which corresponds to the visible light absorption range. The photocatalysis experiment was carried out in direct sunlight to degrade 10 ppm DBT in iso-octane. The obtained results show that 60% of the DBT degrade with SnS2 and 15% of the DBT degraded with ZnO in 120 min, with a first-order kinetics rate constant of 0.009 and 0.001 min−1 respectively.
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Hu, Xiaoming, Fengwei Sun, Caijun Zhu, Zhen Yang, and Wei Huang. "Repurposing organic semiconducting nanomaterials to accelerate clinical translation of NIR-II fluorescence imaging." Nano Research, December 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5145-1.
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Yin, Chao, Xiaomei Lu, Quli Fan, and Wei Huang. "Frontispiece: Organic semiconducting nanomaterials‐assisted phototheranostics in near‐infrared‐II biological window (View 1/2021)." View 2, no. 1 (February 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/viw2.88.
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Yufa, Nataliya A., Amadou L. Cisse, Seth B. Darling, Sam D. Bader, Philippe Guyot-Sionnest, and Steven J. Sibener. "Self-Assembly of Magnetic and Semiconductiong Nanoparticles on Modified Diblock Copolymer Templates." MRS Proceedings 901 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0901-ra09-06.
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AbstractCombining inorganic and organic components to create functional materials has been an active area of research in recent years. Inorganic components possess useful electric, photonic, or magnetic properties while organic components can self-assemble into a variety of morphologies on the nanoscale. We describe a novel approach for arraying nanoparticles using a modified diblock copolymer scaffold. Thin (30 nm) films of poly(styrene-block-methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer were used as a substrate. Upon annealing, PS-b-PMMA forms lying-down cylinders of PMMA in a matrix of PS. These thin films were modified by exposure to ultraviolet light in vacuum which photochemically thinned the PMMA, creating a more highly corrugated surface. We find that colloidal superparamagnetic FePt nanodots and semiconducting CdSe nanodots deposited on this surface show a strong preference for the photochemically modified phase. This hierarchical self-assembly method may prove useful for many nanomaterials-based applications.
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Moorthy, Vijai M., and Viranjay M. Srivastava. "Modeling, Optimization, and Simulation of Nanomaterials-Based Organic Thin Film Transistor for Future Use in pH Sensing." Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 17 (April 14, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210517666230414081056.
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Introduction: Applications of Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) range from flexible screens to disposable sensors, making them a prominent research issue in recent decades. A very accurate and exact pH sensing determination, including biosensors, is essential for these sensors. Methods: In this present research work, authors have proposed a nanomaterial-based OTFT for future pH monitoring and other biosensing applications. This work presents a numerical model of a pH sensor based on Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs). Sensing in harsh conditions may be possible with the CNTs due to their strong chemical and thermal resilience. This research work describes the numerical modeling of Bottom-Gate Bottom-Contact (BGBC) OTFTs with a Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (s-SWCNT) and C60 fullerene blended active layer. Result: The design methodology of organic nanomaterial-based OTFTs has been presented with various parameter extraction precisely its electrical characteristics, modeled by adjusting the parameters of the basic semiconductor technology. For an active layer thickness of 200 nm, the drain current of the highest-performing s-SWCNT:C60 -based OTFT structure was around 4.25 A. Conclusion: This allows for an accurate representation of the device's electrical characteristics. Using Gold (Ag) Source/Drain (S/D) and back-gate electrodes as the medium for sensing, it has been realized how the thickness of the active layer impacts the performance of an OTFT for pH sensor applications.
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Das, Dwaipayan, Moumita Saha, and Asish R. Das. "Synthesis, properties and catalysis of quantum dots in C–C and C-heteroatom bond formations." Physical Sciences Reviews, May 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2021-0093.
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Abstract Luminescent quantum dots (QDs) represent a new form of carbon nanomaterials which have gained widespread attention in recent years, especially in the area of chemical sensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, solar cells, light-emitting diode (LED), and electrocatalysis. Their extremely small size renders some unusual properties such as quantum confinement effects, good surface binding properties, high surface‐to‐volume ratios, broad and intense absorption spectra in the visible region, optical and electronic properties different from those of bulk materials. Apart from, during the past few years, QDs offer new and versatile ways to serve as photocatalysts in organic synthesis. Quantum dots (QD) have band gaps that could be nicely controlled by a number of factors in a complicated way, mentioned in the article. Processing, structure, properties and applications are also reviewed for semiconducting quantum dots. Overall, this review aims to summarize the recent innovative applications of QD or its modified nanohybrid as efficient, robust, photoassisted redox catalysts in C–C and C-heteroatom bond forming reactions. The recent structural modifications of QD or its core structure in the development of new synthetic methodologies are also highlighted. Following a primer on the structure, properties, and bio-functionalization of QDs, herein selected examples of QD as a recoverable sustainable nanocatalyst in various green media are embodied for future reference.