Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organic reducers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Organic reducers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic reducers"

1

Liu, Fengbao, Jinsheng Sun, Xianbin Huang, and Yuan Geng. "Development of a Low-Molecular-Weight Filtrate Reducer with High-Temperature Resistance for Drilling Fluid Gel System." Gels 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2023): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100805.

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Currently, conventional polymeric filtrate reducers with high-temperature resistance for use in drilling fluids have high molecular weights, which greatly affects the rheological properties. Therefore, to address the challenges in regulating the rheology and filtration performance of high-density drilling fluids at high temperatures, it is essential to develop low-molecular-weight filtrate reducers with high-temperature resistance. In this study, a low-molecular-weight filtrate reducer with high-temperature resistance (LMF) was prepared via free radical polymerization from acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid as monomers, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, and ammonium persulfate as the initiator. LMF was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The obtained filtrate reducer exhibits a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 3819 and an initial thermal decomposition temperature of 300.7 °C, indicating good thermal stability. The effects of LMF dosage, temperature, and NaCl dosage on the rheology and filtration performance of mud samples were also investigated, and the mechanism of action was revealed by zeta potential, particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopy, and adsorption measurements. The results reveal that LMF increases the mud sample viscosity and reduces its filtration. For example, the filtration of the mud sample with 2 wt% LMF was 7.2 mL, a reduction of 70% compared to that of a blank mud sample. Further, after aging at 210 °C for 16 h, the filtration of the same sample was 11.6 mL, and that of a mud sample with 2 wt% LMF and 35 wt% NaCl after aging at 180 °C for 16 h was 22 mL. Overall, we have reported a scheme to prepare a low-molecular-weight filtrate reducer with high-temperature resistance and superior filtrate-reducing effects, laying the foundation for the investigation and development of low-molecular-weight filtrate reducers.
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Wang, Qin, Chong Zhi Li, Jun Chao Liu, and Mo Yi Xu. "Study and Application of a Modified Agent GHPC-1 for Green High-Performance Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1955.

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A modified agent GHPC-1 for green high-performance concrete was composed of the strength-increasing groups of organic alcohol amine, the slump-retaining groups of carboxylate polymer and the workability-stabilizing groups of amide. It could be used through substituting some of polycarboxylate water-reducers or combining with polycarboxylate water-reducers to modify the workability of fresh concrete and to increase the strength of hardened concrete. The adaptability tests of cementing materials with admixtures show that the dispersing ability was almost not influenced but the retaining ability of paste flowing was evidently enhanced if the substitution of polycarboxylate water-reducers have been to 20 %. The comparative tests of concrete indicated that as 20 % content of GHPC-1 was added in polycarboxylate water-reducers, it could modify the concrete workability. If adding 0.6 % with polycarboxylate water-reducers it could save water by 5 % and cement 10 % and simultaneously modify the workability and to enhance the strength, or to reduce water by 2.5 % and increase the strength of 28 d by 5~8 MPa.
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Sun, Wei, Bojun Li, Weiping Zhu, Yuan Li, Qian Wang, Erdong Yao, and Fujian Zhou. "Research on adsorption and damage characteristics of slick water in coalbed methane development." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 984, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/984/1/012001.

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Abstract In the process of coalbed fracturing, the drag reducers absorbed on the surface of the coalbed causes water lock damage and decreases gas production efficiency of coalbed methane. Thus, research on low-damage coalbed drag reducers is of great significance. Aiming at four drag reducers with different molecular weights, the law of drag reducers adsorption was investigated through static adsorption test and contact angle tests. Afterwards, a core displacement experiment was carried out to study the damage rate of slick water to the coabed, and the nanoemulsion CND was used for competitive adsorption to relieve the influence of fracturing fluid adsorption on the core damage. Finally, through the static adsorption test results, combined with core SEM images before and after displacement, the internal relationship between adsorption and damage was revealed, and the optimal principles and control methods for reducing the damage of drag reducers to the coalbed were proposed. The results show that: the drag reducers with larger molecular weight are more likely to adsorb in the coalbed, which caused more severe damage to the coalbed reservoir. In contrast, drag reducers with lower molecular weight show a lower damage rate (less than 20%) to the reservoir, which is suitable for the preparation of low-damage slick water. Mechanistic studies have shown that the drag reducers is adsorbed on the surface of the organic matter in the coalbed, leading to the exposure of the hydrophilic end. Therefore, the hydrophilic area on the surface of the coal powder was enlarged, which forms the water film adhesion in the pore throat, causing the water lock to block the gas and liquid seepage channel, resulting in reduced permeability; Nanoemulsion and coal powder are more closely adsorbed, which can reduce the adsorption of drag reducers through competition with the adsorption matrix, reduce water lock damage, facilitating the subsequent drainage and gas collection process.
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Ch�neby, D., A. Brauman, B. Rabary, and L. Philippot. "Differential Responses of Nitrate Reducer Community Size, Structure, and Activity to Tillage Systems." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (March 20, 2009): 3180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02338-08.

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ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to determine how the size, structure, and activity of the nitrate reducer community were affected by adoption of a conservative tillage system as an alternative to conventional tillage. The experimental field, established in Madagascar in 1991, consists of plots subjected to conventional tillage or direct-seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DM), both amended with three different fertilization regimes. Comparisons of size, structure, and activity of the nitrate reducer community in samples collected from the top layer in 2005 and 2006 revealed that all characteristics of this functional community were affected by the tillage system, with increased nitrate reduction activity and numbers of nitrate reducers under DM. Nitrate reduction activity was also stimulated by combined organic and mineral fertilization but not by organic fertilization alone. In contrast, both negative and positive effects of combined organic and mineral fertilization on the size of the nitrate reducer community were observed. The size of the nitrate reducer community was a significant predictor of the nitrate reduction rates except in one treatment, which highlighted the inherent complexities in understanding the relationships the between size, diversity, and structure of functional microbial communities along environmental gradients.
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Zhang, Fan, Qun Zhang, Zhaohui Zhou, Lingling Sun, and Yawen Zhou. "Study on the Effect of Different Viscosity Reducers on Viscosity Reduction and Emulsification with Daqing Crude Oil." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031399.

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The urgent problem to be solved in heavy oil exploitation is to reduce viscosity and improve fluidity. Emulsification and viscosity reduction technology has been paid more and more attention and its developments applied. This paper studied the viscosity reduction performance of three types of viscosity reducers and obtained good results. The viscosity reduction rate, interfacial tension, and emulsification performance of three types of viscosity reducers including anionic sulfonate, non-ionic (polyether and amine oxide), and amphoteric betaine were compared with Daqing crude oil. The results showed that the viscosity reduction rate of petroleum sulfonate and betaine was 75–85%. The viscosity reduction rate increased as viscosity reducer concentration increased. An increase in the oil–water ratio and polymer decreased viscosity reduction. When the concentration of erucamide oxide was 0.2%, the ultra-low interfacial tension was 4.41 × 10−3 mN/m. When the oil–water ratio was 1:1, the maximum water separation rates of five viscosity reducers were different. With an increase in the oil–water ratio, the emulsion changed from o/w emulsion to w/o emulsion, and the stability was better. Erucamide oxide and erucic betaine had good viscosity reduction and emulsification effects on Daqing crude oil. This work can enrich knowledge of the viscosity reduction of heavy oil systems with low relative viscosity and enrich the application of viscosity reducer varieties.
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Choi, Euiso, and Jay M. Rim. "Competition and Inhibition of Sulfate Reducers and Methane Producers in Anaerobic Treatment." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0577.

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Competition for substrate between sulfate reducing and methane producing bacteria, and the inhibitory effects of sulfide produced from microbial sulfate reduction were investigated in this study for the selection of a proper anaerobic treatment process using laboratory anaerobic contact units. Substrates used were both synthetic waste with various COD/SO42− ratios, and industrial wastes. Sulfate reducers and methane producers were very competitive at COD/SO42− ratio of 1.7 to 2.7. As the ratio increased/methane producers predominated, and sulfate reducers were predominating as the ratio decreased. Inhibitory concentrations were 2000 mg/l sulfate (160 to 200 mg/l sulfide) for sulfate reducers and 1200 mg/l sulfate (120 to 140 mg/l sulfide) for methane producers with synthetic substrate. But sulfide inhibitory concentrations were varied with hydraulic or organic loading rates and substrate used. As loading rates increased/the inhibitory effect was greater. A sulfide concentration of 240mg/l did not inhibit methane producers for sea-food waste treatment.
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Tang, Zhichuan, Zhengsong Qiu, Hanyi Zhong, Hui Mao, Kai Shan, and Yujie Kang. "Novel Acrylamide/2-Acrylamide-2-3 Methylpropanesulfonic Acid/Styrene/Maleic Anhydride Polymer-Based CaCO3 Nanoparticles to Improve the Filtration of Water-Based Drilling Fluids at High Temperature." Gels 8, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050322.

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Filtration loss control under high-temperature conditions is a worldwide issue among water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). A core–shell high-temperature filter reducer (PAASM-CaCO3) that combines organic macromolecules with inorganic nanomaterials was developed by combining acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), styrene (St), and maleic anhydride (MA) as monomers and nano-calcium carbonate (NCC). The molecular structure of PAASM-CaCO3 was characterized. The average molecular weight of the organic part was 6.98 × 105 and the thermal decomposition temperature was about 300 °C. PAASM-CaCO3 had a better high-temperature resistance. The rheological properties and filtration performance of drilling fluids treated with PAASM-CaCO3 were stable before and after aging at 200 °C/16 h, and the effect of filtration control was better than that of commonly used filter reducers. PAASM-CaCO3 improved colloidal stability and mud cake quality at high temperatures.
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Wei, Juanming, Wenfeng Jia, Luo Zuo, Hao Chen, and Yujun Feng. "Turbulent Drag Reduction with an Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Water-Soluble Polymer in Slick-Water Hydrofracking." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020351.

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Water-soluble polymers as drag reducers have been widely utilized in slick-water for fracturing shale oil and gas reservoirs. However, the low viscosity characteristics, high operating costs, and freshwater consumption of conventional friction reducers limit their practical use in deeper oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, a high viscosity water-soluble friction reducer (HVFR), poly-(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid), was synthesized via free radical polymerization in aqueous solution. The molecular weight, solubility, rheological behavior, and drag reduction performance of HVFR were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the viscosity-average molecular weight of HVFR is 23.2 × 106 g⋅mol−1. The HVFR powder could be quickly dissolved in water within 240 s under 700 rpm. The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as well as viscosity of the solutions increased with an increase in polymer concentration. At a concentration of 1700 mg⋅L−1, HVFR solution shows 67% viscosity retention rate after heating from 30 to 90 °C, and the viscosity retention rate of HVFR solution when increasing CNaCl to 21,000 mg⋅L−1 is 66%. HVFR exhibits significant drag reduction performance for both low viscosity and high viscosity. A maximum drag reduction of 80.2% is attained from HVFR at 400 mg⋅L−1 with 5.0 mPa⋅s, and drag reduction of HVFR is 75.1% at 1700 mg⋅L−1 with 30.2 mPa⋅s. These findings not only indicate the prospective use of HVFR in slick-water hydrofracking, but also shed light on the design of novel friction reducers utilized in the oil and gas industry.
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Baloza, Marwa, Susann Henkel, Sabine Kasten, Moritz Holtappels, and Massimiliano Molari. "The Impact of Sea Ice Cover on Microbial Communities in Antarctic Shelf Sediments." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061572.

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The area around the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is facing rapid climatic and environmental changes, with so far unknown impacts on the benthic microbial communities of the continental shelves. In this study, we investigated the impact of contrasting sea ice cover on microbial community compositions in surface sediments from five stations along the eastern shelf of the AP using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Redox conditions in sediments with long ice-free periods are characterized by a prevailing ferruginous zone, whereas a comparatively broad upper oxic zone is present at the heavily ice-covered station. Low ice cover stations were highly dominated by microbial communities of Desulfobacterota (mostly Sva1033, Desulfobacteria, and Desulfobulbia), Myxococcota, and Sva0485, whereas Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and NB1-j prevail at the heavy ice cover station. In the ferruginous zone, Sva1033 was the dominant member of Desulfuromonadales for all stations and, along with eleven other taxa, showed significant positive correlations with dissolved Fe concentrations, suggesting a significant role in iron reduction or an ecological relationship with iron reducers. Our results indicate that sea ice cover and its effect on organic carbon fluxes are the major drivers for changes in benthic microbial communities, favoring potential iron reducers at stations with increased organic matter fluxes.
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Li, Ting, Yan Ping Yin, Li Ning Gao, and Hua Xin Chen. "Research on the Improving of Warm Mix Asphalt Technology by Adding Organic Viscosity-Reducers." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.118.

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Inconsideration of the application defects of organic viscosity-reducing warm mixasphalt (represented by Sasobit), such as poor adhesion with aggregate,inadequate of low-temperature deformation, four methods for Sasobit modificationwere proposed and they were blending with polymer, grafting, hydroisomerizationand adjusting molecular weightdistribution width,then the feasibility of each method was analyzed. Moreover, given that performance evaluation of warm mix asphaltmixture still referenced for that of hot mix asphalt mixture, adhesion (water stability) evaluation method based on surface free energy and low temperature performanceevaluation method based on glass transition temperature were put forward to optimize the performance evaluation system of warm mix asphaltmixture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic reducers"

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McDonald, Heather Brown. "The effect of sulfide inhibition and organic shock loading on anaerobic biofilm reactors treating a low-temperature, high-sulfate wastewater." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/129.

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Zhao, Yuxi. "Synthèse de donneurs d’électrons organiques : application en synthèse organique et chimie des polymères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0156.

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Les donneurs d'électrons organiques (DEO), aux potentiels redox exceptionnellement négatifs, ont montré un intérêt particulier en synthèse organique du fait de leurs fortes propriétés réductrices. Ils sont capables de transférer spontanément un ou deux électrons à des substrats organiques, formant ainsi des intermédiaires radicalaires ou anioniques. Néanmoins, la diversité structurale des DEO est limitée et leur champ d'application assez restreint.Dans cette thèse, nous avons tout d'abord développé de nouvelles bibliothèques de DEO afin d'identifier de nouvelles familles de réducteurs organiques, d'élargir la gamme de potentiels redox et d'accéder à de nouvelles réactivités. Des modulations structurales appropriées sur sept catégories de sels d'iminium ont donné accès à de puissants DEO avec diverses capacités réductrices. Cette étude a également permis de rationaliser les facteurs régissant le transfert d’un ou deux électrons en fonction de la structure du DEO et des conditions réactionnelles. Une enquête mécanistique plus approfondie a confirmé les structures des espèces donneuses d'électrons formellement actives. Enfin, les DEO se sont également avérés être de remarquables systèmes redox organiques pour l’amorçage de réactions de polymérisation radicalaire et anionique. Alors que la propagation anionique est initiée par réduction directe du monomère, la simple addition d'un oxydant compétitif, avec un potentiel de réduction plus élevé, permet de passer à un processus de propagation radicalaire. Ces stratégies de polymérisation ont montré une excellente applicabilité pour la préparation d'une large gamme de (co-)polymères à haute valeur ajoutée
Organic electron donors (OEDs) with exceptionally negative redox potentials have attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis as powerful reducers. They enable the spontaneous transfer of one or two electrons to organic substrates, to form radical or anionic intermediates. Nevertheless, the structural diversity of OEDs is limited and their application scope quite narrow. In this thesis, we first developed novel libraries of OEDs in order to identify new families of organic reducers, broaden the range of redox potentials and access new reducing reactivities. Appropriate structural modulations on seven categories of iminium salts gave access to powerful OED with various reducing abilities. It also allowed to rationalize the factors governing single- or double-electron transfers according to the OED structures and the reaction conditions. A more thorough mechanistic investigation was conducted to formally confirm the active electron donor species at work.Finally, OEDs also appeared to be remarkable organic redox initiating systems for both free radical and anionic polymerization reactions. While the anionic propagation was promoted by direct reduction of the monomer, simple addition of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential allowed to switch to a clean free radical propagation process. Scope investigation exhibited excellent applicability of these self-initiating polymerization strategies, which enabled the preparation of a large array of (co-)polymers with high added values
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Canfield, Lesley Mary. "Microbiological transformations of partially reduced heterocycles." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358921.

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Hessler, Alex G. "Reduced Tillage and Living Mulches for Organic Vegetable Production." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/33.

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Reduced tillage and living mulches are alternative management strategies that can improve soil quality by minimizing disturbance and building soil organic matter. Weed suppression by these two practices alone is often insufficient to avoid crop yield losses, but their performance in an integrated system is not well understood. This project investigated the production of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in conventional tillage and strip tillage with a living mulch of teff (Eragrostis tef Zucc.) and Korean lespedeza (Kummerowia stipulacea Maxim.). Yields of pepper and bean were generally higher under conventional tillage without living mulch. Weed biomass was not influenced by tillage, and was adequately suppressed by teff in a year when conditions for teff growth were favorable. Mowing appeared to suppress weed growth but not living mulch growth. Soil nitrate and ammonium concentration was generally higher under conventional tillage without living mulch. Delaying living mulch seeding by 15 days after crop establishment generally did not affect weed suppression or crop yield. Soil aggregate stability was not consistently affected by tillage or living mulch. Increased mowing frequency, living mulch planting delay, or distance between the crop row and the living mulch may be necessary to achieve acceptable yields with living mulches.
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Chari, Tarun. "Reduced graphene oxide based transparent electrodes for organic electronic devices." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104534.

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This thesis explores the utility of reduced graphene oxide and hybrid reduced graphene oxide/single walled carbon nanotubes as a transparent electrode. Graphene oxide was fabricated using the modified Hummers method, transferred to arbitrary substrates by a vacuum filtration method, and reduced chemically and thermally thus creating thin, large area reduced graphene oxide films. Films were characterized electrically, optically, spectroscopically, and topographically. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were utilized to ensure successful fabrication of reduced graphene oxide. The reduced graphene oxide electrodes exhibit sheet resistances on the order of 10 – 100 kΩ/sq with transparencies between 60 – 90 %. To ameliorate these electronic properties, single walled nanotubes were introduced during the filtration process to separate the graphene oxide nanoplatelets and prevent structural deformation during reduction. This nanotube doping yielded a two-fold decrease in sheet resistance for low nanotube to graphene oxide ratios, but increased sheet resistance for higher nanotube to graphene oxide ratios. Reduced graphene oxide electrodes and nanotube/reduced graphene oxide hybrid electrodes were used in organic light emitting diode and organic solar cell applications. Organic light emitting diodes exhibited current efficiencies of about 1 cd/A and organic solar cells exhibited power conversion efficiencies less than 1 % for both reduced graphene oxide and hybrid electrodes.
Cette thèse examine l'utilité de l'oxyde de graphène réduit et de l'hybride oxyde de graphène réduit et nanotubes carbone en fonction d'une utilisation comme électrode transparente. L'oxyde de graphène a été fabriqué par la méthode de Hummers modifié puis a été transféré sur un substrat arbitraire par la méthode de filtration avec suction à vide, et a été réduit chimiquement et thermiquement pour créer des feuilles d'oxyde de graphène réduit qui sont minces et qui couvrent une grande surface. Les feuilles ont été caractérisées par des mesures électriques, optiques, spectroscopiques, et topographiques. Les spectroscopies Raman et par photoélectron induits par rayons-X ont été utilisées pour s'assurer que la fabrication de l'oxyde de graphène reduit a été obtenue. Les électrodes d'oxyde de graphène reduit montrent des résistances de feuille de 10– 100 kΩ/sq avec des transparences entre 60 – 90 %. Pour améliorer ces propriétés, des nanotube de carbone monoparois ont été introduits pendant le processus de filtration pour séparer les nanoplatelets d'oxyde de graphène et pour éviter la déformation structurelle pendant la processus de réduction. Ce dopage de nanotubes a diminué la résistance de feuille par un facteur deux pour des proportion faibles de nanotubes avec l'oxyde de graphène, mais a augmenté la resistance pour les hautes proportions. Les électrodes d'oxyde de graphène reduit et les électrodes hybrides nanotubes/oxyde de graphène reduit ont été utilisées dans des dispositifs optoélectroniques organiques; spécialement des diodes électroluminescentes et des cellules solaires. Les diodes électroluminescentes organiques ont des rendements de courant inferieurs à 1 cd/A et les cellules solaire ont des rendements de puissance inferieurs à 1 % pour les deux types d'életrodes: oxyde de graphène réduit et hybrides.
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Hillis, Jeffrey Jackson. "Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure reduces reproductive performance of male bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus)." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1347.

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Endocrine disrupting chemicals in wild animals, including fish, can disrupt reproduction by causing intersexuality. Organic pollutants, specifically polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been shown to be estrogenic or anti-androgenic likely contributing to intersexuality in males. Organic pollutants persist in the environment despite being restricted for use in the United States. Bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, play a crucial role in lake food webs as forage and sport fish and may be affected by PCBs. In the current study, male bluegills collected in 2010 from selected Illinois lakes were analyzed to quantify PCB body residues and the incidence of intersexuality (n=200). Experiments were then conducted in 2011 and 2012 to assess the reproductive output of mature males with varying PCB body residues paired with mature females containing no detectable PCB body residues held in uncontaminated 0.05-hectare research ponds (Southern Illinois University Touch of Nature Pond Facility). Lake-specific male bluegill whole-body tissue PCB body residues ranged from below reporting limit to 2 mg/kg dry weight (non-lipid normalized basis) and varied significantly among lakes (F7,32= 9.59, p<0.0001). No male intersex bluegills were found. In both reproductive experiments, abundance of young declined as male PCB body residues increased (F 4,18 = 13.28; P=0.002). Adult survival was unrelated to reproductive output. Taken together, these results suggest PCBs, which are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial habitats, have the ability to alter male reproductive performance, and possibly population dynamics and community structure through reduced recruitment, in the absence of overt intersexuality.
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Chen, Sen. "Reduced Organic Sulfur: Analyisis and Interaction with Mercury in the Aquatic Environment." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/442.

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Reduced organic sulfur (ROS) compounds are environmentally ubiquitous and play an important role in sulfur cycling as well as in biogeochemical cycles of toxic metals, in particular mercury. Development of effective methods for analysis of ROS in environmental samples and investigations on the interactions of ROS with mercury are critical for understanding the role of ROS in mercury cycling, yet both of which are poorly studied. Covalent affinity chromatography-based methods were attempted for analysis of ROS in environmental water samples. A method was developed for analysis of environmental thiols, by preconcentration using affinity covalent chromatographic column or solid phase extraction, followed by releasing of thiols from the thiopropyl sepharose gel using TCEP and analysis using HPLC-UV or HPLC-FL. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of the method using HPLC-FL detection were 0.45 and 0.36 nM for Cys and GSH, respectively. Our results suggest that covalent affinity methods are efficient for thiol enrichment and interference elimination, demonstrating their promising applications in developing a sensitive, reliable, and useful technique for thiol analysis in environmental water samples. The dissolution of mercury sulfide (HgS) in the presence of ROS and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was investigated, by quantifying the effects of ROS on HgS dissolution and determining the speciation of the mercury released from ROS-induced HgS dissolution. It was observed that the presence of small ROS (e.g., Cys and GSH) and large molecule DOM, in particular at high concentrations, could significantly enhance the dissolution of HgS. The dissolved Hg during HgS dissolution determined using the conventional 0.22 µm cutoff method could include colloidal Hg (e.g., HgS colloids) and truly dissolved Hg (e.g., Hg-ROS complexes). A centrifugal filtration method (with 3 kDa MWCO) was employed to characterize the speciation and reactivity of the Hg released during ROS-enhanced HgS dissolution. The presence of small ROS could produce a considerable fraction (about 40% of total mercury in the solution) of truly dissolved mercury (< 3 kDa), probably due to the formation of Hg-Cys or Hg-GSH complexes. The truly dissolved Hg formed during GSH- or Cys-enhanced HgS dissolution was directly reducible (100% for GSH and 40% for Cys) by stannous chloride, demonstrating its potential role in Hg transformation and bioaccumulation.
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McAdams, Brandon C. "Relationships between reduced sulfur and dissolved organic matter in prairie pothole wetlands." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1493627284045985.

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ALRASHED, MAHER M. "ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID COATINGS FOR ANTICORROSION APPLICATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491226580793534.

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Dcunha, Ruhee Lancelot. "Towards an Improved Method for the Prediction of Linear Response Properties of Small Organic Molecules." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104677.

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Quantum chemical methods to predict experimental chiroptical properties by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are useful in the assignment of absolute configurations. Chiroptical properties, being very sensitive to the electronic structure of the system, require highly-accurate methods on the one hand and on the other, need to be able to be computed with limited computational resources. The calculation of the optical rotation in the solution phase is complicated by solvent effects. In order to capture those solvent effects, we present a study that uses conformational averaging and time-dependent density functional theory calculations that incorporate solvent molecules explicitly in the quantum mechanical region. While considering several controllable parameters along which the system's optical rotation varies, we find that the sampling of the dynamical trajectory and the density functional chosen have the largest impact on the value of the rotation. In order to eliminate the arbitrariness of the choice of density functional, we would prefer to use coupled cluster theory, a robust and systematically improvable method. However, the high-order polynomial scaling of coupled cluster theory makes it intractable for numerous large calculations, including the conformational averaging required for optical rotation calculations in solution. We therefore attempt to reduce the scaling of a linear response coupled cluster singles and doubles (LR-CCSD) calculation via a perturbed pair natural orbital (PNO++) local correlation approach which uses an orbital space created using a perturbed density matrix. We find that by creating a "combined PNO++" space, incorporating a set of orbitals from the unperturbed pair natural orbital (PNO) space into the PNO++ space, we can obtain well-behaved convergence behavior for both CCSD correlation energies and linear response properties, including dynamic polarizabilities and optical rotations, for the small systems considered. The PNO++ and combined PNO++ methods require aggressive truncation to keep the computational cost low, due to an expensive two-electron integral transformation at the beginning of the calculation. We apply the methods to larger systems than previously studied and refine them for more aggressive truncation by exploring an alternative form of the perturbed density and a perturbation-including weak pair approximation.
Doctor of Philosophy
Theoretical chemistry attempts to provide connections between the structure of molecules and their observable properties. One such family of observables are chiroptical properties, or the effect of the medium on the light which passes through it. These properties include the scattering, absorption and change in polarization of light. Light being classically an electromagnetic field, chiroptical properties can be derived by treating molecules quantum mechanically and the light classically. The prediction of chiroptical properties on computers using the principles of quantum mechanics is still a growing field, being very sensitive to the method used, and requiring considerations of factors such as conformations and anharmonic corrections. Matching experimental properties is an important step in the creation of a reliable method of predicting properties of systems in order to provide more information than can be obtained through experimental observation. This work begins by addressing the problem of matching experimentally obtained quantities. Our results show that current time-intensive methods still fall short in the matching of experimental data. Thus, we then move on to approximating a more robust but computationally expensive method in order to be able to use a more accurate method on a larger scale than is currently possible. On obtaining positive results for small test systems, we test the new method on larger systems, and explore possible improvements to its accuracy and efficiency.
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Books on the topic "Organic reducers"

1

Frazier, D. O. Microgravity studies of organic and polymeric materials: Proceedings of a workshop held in Huntsville, Alabama, April 27, 1993. Huntsville, Ala: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Office of Technical Assistance. Foxboro reduces VOC emissions while eliminating cadmium and cyanide discharges. [Boston, Mass.]: Office of Technical Assistance, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1995.

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Commission, European, ed. Feasibility study on the implementation of economic measures to reduce emissions of organic solvents: Final report : document. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.

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Going green: Hints & tips to reduce your carbon footprint. Wigston, England: Abbeydale, 2008.

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Sologar, Veena Sharmila. Modeling the biofiltration of air emissions containing reduced sulfur compounds and volatile organic compounds. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Olsthoorn, A. A. Feasibility study on the implementation of economic measures to reduce emissions of organic solvents: Final report. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.

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David, Sarokin, ed. Cutting chemical wastes: What 29 organic chemical plants are doing to reduce hazardous wastes. New York, NY: INFORM, 1985.

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Massachusetts. General Court. Senate. Post Audit and Oversight Bureau. The gift of life: Massachusetts can do more to promote organ and tissue donations and reduce preventable deaths. [Boston, Mass.]: Senate Post Audit and Oversight Bureau, 2002.

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Westall, John C. The use of cationic surfactants to modify aquifer materials to reduce the mobility of hydrophobic organic compounds / John C. Westall ... [et al.]. Ada, OK: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, 1994.

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Westall, John C. The use of cationic surfactants to modify aquifer materials to reduce the mobility of hydrophobic organic compounds / John C. Westall ... [et al.]. Ada, OK: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organic reducers"

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Bourbonnais, Claude. "Scaling Approach to Electronic Correlations in Organic Conductors." In Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimensions, 227–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0565-1_26.

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Bregnhøj, Mikkel, and Peter R. Ogilby. "Molecular Oxygen in Photoresponsive Organic Materials." In Emerging Strategies to Reduce Transmission and Thermalization Losses in Solar Cells, 121–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70358-5_7.

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Karreman, Hubert J., and Wendy Fulwider. "Animal well-being on organic farms." In Improving animal welfare: a practical approach, 268–83. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245219.0268.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the animal welfare requirements for organic farms; how to select genetic lines of animals that are suitable for organic farming; grazing more than one species on a pasture; understand the differences between EU, US and Canadian organic programmes and the importance of using natural medical treatments to reduce or eliminate antibiotics.
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Delaide, Boris, Hendrik Monsees, Amit Gross, and Simon Goddek. "Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatments for Aquaponic Sludge Reduction and Mineralisation." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 247–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_10.

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AbstractRecirculating aquaculture systems, as part of aquaponic units, are effective in producing aquatic animals with a minimal water consumption through effective treatment stages. Nevertheless, the concentrated sludge produced after the solid filtration stage, comprising organic matter and valuable nutrients, is most often discarded. One of the latest developments in aquaponic technology aims to reduce this potential negative environmental impact and to increase the nutrient recycling by treating the sludge on-site. For this purpose, microbial aerobic and anaerobic treatments, dealt with either individually or in a combined approach, provide very promising opportunities to simultaneously reduce the organic waste as well as to recover valuable nutrients such as phosphorus. Anaerobic sludge treatments additionally offer the possibility of energy production since a by-product of this process is biogas, i.e. mainly methane. By applying these additional treatment steps in aquaponic units, the water and nutrient recycling efficiency is improved and the dependency on external fertiliser can be reduced, thereby enhancing the sustainability of the system in terms of resource utilisation. Overall, this can pave the way for the economic improvement of aquaponic systems because costs for waste disposal and fertiliser acquisition are decreased.
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Mahmood, Zafar, Shaomin Ji, Jianzhang Zhao, Mushraf Hussain, Farhan Sadiq, Noreen Rehmat, and Muhammad Imran. "Organic Triplet Photosensitizers for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion." In Emerging Strategies to Reduce Transmission and Thermalization Losses in Solar Cells, 71–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70358-5_5.

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Racke, Kenneth D. "A Reduced Risk Insecticide for Organic Agriculture: Spinosad Case Study." In Crop Protection Products for Organic Agriculture, 92–108. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0947.ch007.

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Lorenz, Klaus, and Rattan Lal. "Combining Conventional and Organic Practices to Reduce Climate Impacts of Agriculture." In Organic Agriculture and Climate Change, 201–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17215-1_5.

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Mazumdar, Sumit. "A Unified Theoretical Approach to Superconductors with Strong Coulomb Correlations: The Organics, LiTi2O4, Electron- and Hole-Doped Copper Oxides and Doped BaBiO3." In Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimensions, 315–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0565-1_35.

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Wassenaar, Tom, François Dumoulin, Jean-Luc Farinet, Jean-Marie Paillat, Laurent Thuriès, Emmanuel Tillard, Jonathan Vayssières, and Mathieu Vigne. "Agricultural Organic Waste Recycling to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In Climate Change and Agriculture Worldwide, 167–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7462-8_13.

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Zarrabi, Nasim. "Relating Charge Transfer State Kinetics and Strongly Reduced Bimolecular Recombination in Organic Solar Cells." In Optoelectronic Properties of Organic Semiconductors, 79–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93162-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organic reducers"

1

Suckling, Paul, Nicola Calder, Paul Humphreys, Fraser King, and Helen Leung. "The Development and Use of T2GGM: A Gas Modelling Code for the Postclosure Safety Assessment of OPG’s Proposed L&ILW Deep Geologic Repository, Canada." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16291.

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As part of the postclosure safety assessment of Ontario Power Generation’s (OPG’s) proposed Deep Geologic Repository (DGR) for Low and Intermediate Level Waste (L&ILW) at the Bruce site, Ontario, a Gas Generation Model (GGM) has been developed and used to model the detailed generation of gas within the DGR due to corrosion and microbial degradation of the organics and metals present. The GGM is based on a kinetic description of the various microbial and corrosion processes that lead to the generation and consumption of various gases. It takes into account the mass-balance equations for each of the species included in the model, including three forms of organic waste (cellulose, ionexchange resins, and plastics and rubbers), four metallic waste forms and container materials (carbon and galvanised steel, passivated carbon steel, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys, and zirconium alloys), six gases (CO2, N2, O2, H2, H2S, and CH4), five terminal electron acceptors (O2, NO3−, Fe(III), SO42−, and CO2), five forms of biomass (aerobes, denitrifiers, iron reducers, sulphate reducers, and methanogens), four types of corrosion product (FeOOH, FeCO3, Fe3O4, and FeS), and water. The code includes the possibility of the limitation of both microbial and corrosion reactions by the availability of water. The GGM has been coupled with TOUGH2 to produce T2GGM; a code that models the generation of gas in the repository and its subsequent transport through the geosphere. T2GGM estimates the peak repository pressure, long time repository saturation and the total flux of gases from the geosphere. The present paper describes the development of T2GGM and the numerical modelling work undertaken to calculate the generation and build-up of gas in the repository, the two-phase exchange of gas and groundwater between the repository and the surrounding rock, and between the rock and the surface environment. The results have been used to inform the safety assessment modelling.
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Saiood, Hussain, Laurie Duthie, Umut Aybar, and Nestor Molero. "Achieving Uniform Fluid Distribution with a Custom-Designed Organic Solvent Maximizing Coiled Tubing Reach During Matrix Acid Stimulations." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206058-ms.

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Abstract The success of stimulation fluid placement in openhole extended reach wells (ERWs) through coiled tubing (CT) is highly dependent on the depth achieved. Friction forces and helical buckling typically cause early CT lockup, which limits the reach. Organic deposits in the wellbore increases frictional forces causing premature lockup or in some cases even complete blockage. Efficient removal of organic deposits enables CT to reach maximum depth to perform the matrix stimulation. Analysis of these organic deposits was conducted and following a thorough comparative test, a new solvent-external phase emulsion inhibitor was selected to treat the wellbore prior to matrix stimulation. Optimum cleanout methodology was identified for the CT run with a high-pressure jetting nozzle (HPJN) combined with a chemical dissolution effect of the chosen solvent. Focused, high-energy fluid streams loosen any compacted deposits, while the high rate of fluid passing through the tool allows for an efficient cleanout. A matrix stimulation treatment with CT was then executed in the openhole section of the ERW with a TD of 18,773-ft (9800-ft horizontal lateral section) with HCl and emulsified acid systems. By using a solvent-external phase emulsion, only the external phase of the emulsion containing the dissolver is in contact with organic deposits; the remaining internal phase fluid is not. This therefore allows a reduction in total solvent volume. The proposed wellbore cleanout treatment with HPJN reduced the friction coefficient between CT and the completion by 10%. In turn, it was verified that during the operation, an additional 3,320 ft of reach was achieved in the openhole section. Combined with other extended-reach techniques (i.e., mechanical agitator tools, friction reducers), it allowed the 2.0-in CT pipe to reach the TD of the well (18,773 ft). These efforts together maximized the reservoir contact during the matrix stimulation in the openhole section with HCl and emulsified acid systems. Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) methodology was used with the aid of fiber optic installed CT, and the intake profile of the openhole section was mapped. Analysis of the data was applied to optimize the pumping schedule to obtain uniform production contribution across the openhole section. The systematic engineering workflow presented includes the organic deposit diagnostic procedure, laboratory testing, chemical selection, and treatment application. This yields a wellbore treatment that minimizes friction for the remainder of the operation and enables maximum CT reach. This provides more insights of integrated matrix stimulation treatment with CT to overcome the serious challenges present in extended reach openhole wells.
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Manea, Elena Elisabeta, Costel Bumbac, Laurentiu Dinu, Valeriu Badescu, and Ionescu Ioana. "MUNICIPAL ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTING IN ROMANIA? RESOURCES AVAILABILITY AND RECENT ADVANCES." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s18.05.

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Composting municipal organic waste is important for several reasons, including greenhouse gas emissions reduction, soil health improvement, nutrients recycle, waste reduction, costs reduction (by reducing the waste volumes, the handling costs are decreased). Information on the practices of municipal organic waste composting in Romania is limited, thus a comprehensive evaluation of the limiting factors and current solution was carried out. According to the European Environment Agency, Romania has made progress in organic recycling, including composting, as part of its municipal waste management. The evolution of municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling in Romania was limited to 7% in 2010. Afterwards, Romania has made progress in organic recycling, including composting, as part of its municipal waste management. The amounts composted and digested include output from treatment of mixed municipal waste in mechanical-biological treatment plants. Home composting could be a solution to reduce biowaste losses in rural areas. Municipal selective collection of organic waste is an effective way to increase the percentage of organics composting and improve the quality of organic waste. By collecting organic waste separately, it can be processed more efficiently and effectively, leading to higher quality compost. This can also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air and water quality. Composting organic waste creates a product that can be used to improve soil health, grow crops, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.
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Flügge, Harald, Alexander Rohr, Sebastian Döring, Charlotte Fléchon, Manuela Wallesch, Daniel Zink, Jochen Seeser, et al. "Reduced concentration quenching in a TADF-type copper(I)-emitter." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Franky So, Chihaya Adachi, and Jang-Joo Kim. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2185935.

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Feldmann, Sascha, Jasmine PH Rivett, Tudor H. Thomas, Mojtaba Abdi Jalebi, Stuart Macpherson, Sam D. Stranks, Michael Saliba, and Felix Deschler. "Cation substitution reduces non-radiative losses in hybrid lead-halide perovskites." In 10th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. Valencia: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.167.

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Noh, Seung Ju, Seong Ik Heo, Se Hyun Jang, Haeng Hee Ahn, Jin Young Han, Min Gyun Suk, Sun Jin Jin, and Yong Ku Kwon. "Reduced excimer formation in polyfluorenes by introducing coil-like poly[penta(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] block segments." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Franky So and Chihaya Adachi. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.930589.

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Diaz, Suhail Felicia, Luigi Alfonso Saputelli, Maria Angela Capello, Herminio Passalacqua, and Elvis Hernandez-Perdomo. "Forecasting Asset Lifecycle Profitability Through Energy Efficiency and CO2 Utilization Initiatives." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209666-ms.

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Abstract Under a new energy landscape, oil and gas operators are more focused on energy efficiencies to satisfy global Climate Change initiatives driven by the Paris Agreement (COP21), and pursuing SDG13, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13, Climate Change. The new approach influences production predictions associated with energy balances and GHG emissions. Estimating the initial baseline and forecasting CO2 emissions along the hydrocarbon value chain is the first step to address Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) goals and build a carbon-free future for new generations to come. Given the complex nature of upstream operations, a model was built to estimate associated carbon emissions. The model comprehensively covers the oil and gas value chain, including wells, gathering centers, booster stations, and effluent water disposal plants. The main inputs are the uncertainties and decisions to obtain the asset(s) production and cash flow forecasts, which combines several variables including field development philosophy, reservoir productivity, drilling and workover activities, producing effluents treatment options, corporate targets, technical-economic assumptions, and other system constraints to estimate profits and CO2 emissions. The model can provide the system's carbon intensity, raise alarms, and identify potential energy efficiency efforts to be incorporated in the company's business plan and annual budget. The model output presents operators and decision-makers with several mitigation actions to assess energy savings in the oil and gas sector related to energy generation and consumption in the short and long-term plan and CCUS projects at the reservoir level. Several case studies showcase how companies can save 8-20% on projects by implementing technology and best practices. Examples of which include but are not limited to revamping Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), advanced modeling to reduce energy consumption, variable frequency drivers and high-efficiency motors, use of turbines, heat exchangers, and friction reducers. This model can translate the operating condition of the field into CAPEX/OPEX optimizations, compliance costs reductions, cost savings incentives (e.g., carbon pricing, taxes), and future technological advancements (e.g., Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage - CCUS). This initiative integrates many variables to promote robust scenarios under strict corporate targets and ambitious regulations. Some reflections on the role of policies and regulations are provided, to trigger reflections about corporate and individual standings for Scopes 1, 2, and 3 in the overall Net-Zero efforts of oil and gas operators. Volume-based competition between operators is over. Oil and gas companies are pursuing more integrated targets, where profitability framed by net-zero targets is key to remain competitive in a new energy context, and their corporate goals connected with diversification and business models aimed to achieve SDS commitments, framed by selected SDGs.
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Diaz, Suhail Felicia, Luigi Alfonso Saputelli, Maria Angela Capello, Herminio Passalacqua, and Elvis Hernandez-Perdomo. "Forecasting Asset Lifecycle Profitability Through Energy Efficiency and CO2 Utilization Initiatives." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209666-ms.

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Abstract Under a new energy landscape, oil and gas operators are more focused on energy efficiencies to satisfy global Climate Change initiatives driven by the Paris Agreement (COP21), and pursuing SDG13, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13, Climate Change. The new approach influences production predictions associated with energy balances and GHG emissions. Estimating the initial baseline and forecasting CO2 emissions along the hydrocarbon value chain is the first step to address Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) goals and build a carbon-free future for new generations to come. Given the complex nature of upstream operations, a model was built to estimate associated carbon emissions. The model comprehensively covers the oil and gas value chain, including wells, gathering centers, booster stations, and effluent water disposal plants. The main inputs are the uncertainties and decisions to obtain the asset(s) production and cash flow forecasts, which combines several variables including field development philosophy, reservoir productivity, drilling and workover activities, producing effluents treatment options, corporate targets, technical-economic assumptions, and other system constraints to estimate profits and CO2 emissions. The model can provide the system's carbon intensity, raise alarms, and identify potential energy efficiency efforts to be incorporated in the company's business plan and annual budget. The model output presents operators and decision-makers with several mitigation actions to assess energy savings in the oil and gas sector related to energy generation and consumption in the short and long-term plan and CCUS projects at the reservoir level. Several case studies showcase how companies can save 8-20% on projects by implementing technology and best practices. Examples of which include but are not limited to revamping Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), advanced modeling to reduce energy consumption, variable frequency drivers and high-efficiency motors, use of turbines, heat exchangers, and friction reducers. This model can translate the operating condition of the field into CAPEX/OPEX optimizations, compliance costs reductions, cost savings incentives (e.g., carbon pricing, taxes), and future technological advancements (e.g., Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage - CCUS). This initiative integrates many variables to promote robust scenarios under strict corporate targets and ambitious regulations. Some reflections on the role of policies and regulations are provided, to trigger reflections about corporate and individual standings for Scopes 1, 2, and 3 in the overall Net-Zero efforts of oil and gas operators. Volume-based competition between operators is over. Oil and gas companies are pursuing more integrated targets, where profitability framed by net-zero targets is key to remain competitive in a new energy context, and their corporate goals connected with diversification and business models aimed to achieve SDS commitments, framed by selected SDGs.
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Goonesekera, Arosha, and Stephen Ducharme. "Reduced Hole Mobility in Photorefractive Polymers due to the Chromophore Dipole Moment." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.fd.5.

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The recent demonstrations of low-cost high performance photorefractive polymers has encouraged more detailed studies of charge carrier transport mechanisms in photorefractive polymers as charge transport is a limiting factor in the sensitivity of these materials. The photorefractive effect is a mechanism for non local refractive index grating formation in an electro-optic material due to nonuniform illumination, through photoconduction and linear electro-optic response. The speed of photorefractive effect which remains low at present, is proportional to photoconductivity, hence improved understanding of transport mechanisms is vital. This report describes the negative effect the dipole moment of the non-linear chromophore has on the hole mobility in photorefractive polymers.
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Courtier, Nicola. "Reduced-order Modelling of Perovskite Solar Cells." In Device Physics Characterization and Interpretation in Perovskite and Organic Materials. València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.depero.2023.024.

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Reports on the topic "Organic reducers"

1

MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman, and John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.
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Jokela, Dana, and Ajay Nair. Effects of Reduced Tillage and Split Fertilizer Application in Organic Broccoli and Pepper Production Systems. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2768.

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Jokela, Dana, and Ajay Nair. Effects of Reduced Tillage and Split Fertilizer Application in Organic Broccoli and Pepper Production Systems. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-32.

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Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir, and Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

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The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.
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5

Forrest, Stephen R., Mark E. Thompson, and Mike Hack. Final Report: Stable, High Efficiency White Electrophosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLED) by Reduced Molecular Dissociation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467469.

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6

Nathalie A. Wall and Baohua Gu. INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ORGANIC LIGANDS ON THE STABILITY AND MOBILITY OF REDUCED TC(IV). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050624.

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7

Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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8

Kippelen, Bernard. Stable White Organic Light-emitting Diodes Enabled by New Materials with Reduced Excited State Lifetime (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764158.

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9

Olsen, Daniel, Bryan Hackleman, and Rodrigo Bauza Tellechaea. PR-179-16207-R01 Oxidation Catalyst Degradation on a 2-Stroke Lean-Burn NG Engine - Washing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011586.

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Oxidation catalysts are often utilized to reduce carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds in order to meet emissions regulations for large bore natural gas engines. These catalysts degrade over time and need to be replaced or regenerated to maintain emissions compliance. This work evaluates the effectiveness of catalyst regeneration, or catalyst washing. The evaluation is performed by utilizing field and laboratory slip streams combined with catalyst module performance (reduction efficiency) measurements and catalyst material surface analysis to quantify catalyst poisons.
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10

Berry, Terri-Ann, Jordan H. D. Chiswell, Shannon L. Wallis, and Roger Birchmore. The Effect of Airtightness on Indoor Air Quality in Timber Houses in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.92017.

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This two-part study considers the impact of airtightness based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) only. Two identical buildings (test and control) were constructed in Auckland, New Zealand. The test building contained an Intello vapour check membrane to reduce air-flow and subsequent heat loss. Air change rates (air changes per hour, or ACH) were calculated from air-leakage rates in each of the buildings. Data analysis demonstrated that the VOC levels in the test house were consistently higher than those established in the control house.
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