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Harte, Jonathan. "The synthesis of thermally stable inorganic/organic additives for polymeric materials." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415387.
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Tucker, Lucas J. "Liquid crystalline holography the effect of various additives on photopolymerization /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Crowson, Andrew. "The effects of electron beam irradiation on additives present in food-contact polymers." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1991. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19520/.
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A range of additives (Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076, Irganox 1330, Irgafos 168 and Tinuvin 622) has been incorporated into a variety of food-contact polymers including polypropylene and low density polyethylene. Samples of these stabilized polymers were subjected to electron-beam or gamma irradiation to receive doses of 1,5,10,25 and 50 kGy. The effects of electron-beam irradiation on the amount of extractable antioxidant in polymers were determined. Using hplc techniques it was found that there was a dose-related reduction in the amount of extractable antioxidant similar to that caused by gamma irradiation. The magnitude of this reduction was found to be dependent upon the nature of both the antioxidant and the polymer type. Electron-beam irradiation was also found to cause a dose-related reduction in the levels of the antioxidants Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1076 migrating from polymers into a food simulant. This effect was similar to that caused by gamma irradiation. The extent of polymer binding of antioxidant fragments derived from Irganox 1076 following electron-beam irradiation was determined, using a radiochemical method. The amount of binding was found to be dose-related and of a similar order of magnitude to that caused by gamma-irradiation. This study has revealed the presence of many irradiation derived antioxidant transformation products in extracts from irradiated polymers. Attempts have been made to isolate and identify these compounds, and a number of possible structures are proposed following lc-ms studies. In some cases, the irradiation-derived transformation products appear to be different to those produced on thermally aging stabilized polymers. Irradiation was also found to give transformation products farmed via the cleavage of tertiary butyl groups from the parent molecules, and such compounds are not produced during the thermal aging of similar stabilized polymers, nor in model reactions between the antioxidants and t-butylperoxyl radicals. A brief examination of the effects of gamma irradiation on Tinuvin 622 in polypropylene was also carried out, and a number of UV absorbing transformation products were detected.
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Lott, Joseph Robert. "Design, Synthesis and Incorporation of Functional Additives into Multilayered Polymer Films." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1295673932.
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Dumetz, Andre C. "Protein interactions and phase behavior in aqueous solutions effects of salt, polymer, and organic additives /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 284 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456290971&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2007.Principal faculty advisor: Abraham M. Lenhoff, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, and Eric W. Kaler, College of Engineering . Includes bibliographical references.
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Vongsaysy, Uyxing. "Studies on processing additives introduced to increase the efficiency of organic solar cells : selection and mechanistic effects." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0230/document.
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Les cellules solaires organiques à hétérojonction en volume (BHJ en anglais) font l'objet d'un grand intérêt car elles représentent une source d'énergie bon marché et renouvelable. Cependant, à cause des rendements généralement bas, ce type de cellule peine à intégrer le marché. Afin d’en augmenter le rendement, contrôler la morphologie des semi-conducteurs dans la BHJ représente un élément clé. Dans ce contexte, il apparaît, dans la littérature, que les additifs solvant permettent de contrôler cette morphologie et d'augmenter les rendements.Cette thèse a pour but de fournir une étude complète sur l'utilisation des additifs. Le couple de semi-conducteurs étudié est le poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6,6]-phényl-C61butanoate de méthyle (PC61BM).Une première partie présente une méthode développée pour guider la sélection d'additifs parmi une liste de solvants. Cette méthode emploie les paramètres de solubilité de Hansen des semi-conducteurs. Elle est appliquée au système P3HT/PC61BM et résulte en l'identification de trois nouveaux additifs performants. Ensuite, des caractérisations structurales, électriques et optiques sont menées sur la BHJ et permettent d'identifier les effets des additifs. Les effets de ces additifs se révèlent être différents en fonction de l'architecture des dispositifs. L'origine de telles différences est corrélée aux variations de mobilités des porteurs de charge causées par les additifs. Des tests de photo-stabilité ont été menés et montrent que les additifs sont capables d'augmenter la stabilité des cellules solaires. L’origine de telles améliorations est étudiée. Enfin, l'étude est étendue à deux autres nouveaux polymères semi-conducteursPolymeric bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant interest as a low cost and renewable technology to harvest solar energy. However, their generally low efficiencies are a barrier for their movement into commercial application. Controlling the BHJ morphology is a key step in the pursuit of higher OSC efficiencies. Processing additives have emerged as effective components for optimizing the BHJ morphology. This thesis provides a comprehensive study on the introduction of additives in the formulation of semiconductors. The semiconductor system studied is based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM). First, a method was developed to guide the selection of additives from a large range of solvents. This method employs the Hansen solubility parameters of the semiconductors and was successfully applied to the P3HT/PC61 BMsystem. It resulted in the identification of three new efficient additives. Next, the mechanistic role of additives in influencing the BHJ morphology is investigated by performing structural, electrical and optical characterizations. Also, the effect of additives on OSC performance was found to depend on the type of the OSC architecture. Such differences were correlated to the variations in charge carrier mobilities caused by the additive. Furthermore, photo-stability tests, performed on different types of OSCs, showed that processing additives can improve the photo-stability. The origin of such improvement is investigated. Finally, the scope of this study is extended to two other donor semiconducting polymers
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Dilla, Rodger Alan. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-based Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555344606484453.
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Bladholm, Viktor. "Organic Fillers for Solid Rocket Fuel." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259589.
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Idag är de vanligaste använda raketerna flytande-bränsle- och fast-bränsle- raketer. Flytande-bränsle-raketer har fördelen att det kan manövreras men de har en komplex design och problem med förvaring. Fast-bränsle-raketer har en enkel design och kan förvaras men de har en miljöpåverkan och bränslet kan vara svårhanterligt. En tredje typ av raketer, hybridraketer, kan kombinera enkelheten från fasta-bränsle-raketer med manövreringsbarheten från vätske-bränsle-raketer. Trots fördelarna med hybridraketer används de inte på grund av att bränslet har låg regressionshastighet och låg densitet. Organiska additiv har visat sig förbättra dessa egenskaper. 50 organiska additiv granskades med avseende på deras specifika impuls, densitet, kostnad och användarvänlighet. De mest lovande organiska additiven utvärderades sedan experimentellt. Termogravimetrisk analys (TGA), isotermviktförlust, kompatibilitet och differentiell svepkalorimetri (DSC) användes. Resultaten indikerar att hexamin, fluorene, anthracene och 1,4-dicyanobenzene har mest potential att förbättra bränslet i hybridraketer.Liquid propellant and solid propellant rockets are the most commonly used rockets Liquid propellant rockets have the advantage of being manoeuvrable with a high specific performance while they exhibit problems with storage and a complex design. Solid propellant rockets offer simplicity and are storable while they have a large environmental impact and could be difficult to handle. A third type of rocket, hybrid propellant rocket has the potential to combine the simplicity of solid propellant rocket with the manoeuvrability of liquid propellant rockets. While the hybrid propellant rocket offers advantages over liquid propellant and solid propellant rocket it have problems with its fuel which have a low regression rate and low density. Organic fillers were evaluated since they may increase in the regression rate and the density of the solid fuel. 50 organic fillers were assessed with regards to their specific impulse, density, cost and handling properties. The organic fillers with the most promising properties were then experimentally evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), isothermal weight loss test, compatibility test and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were conducted. The results indicate that hexamine, fluorene, anthracene and 1,4-dicyanobenzene are the most suitable organic fillers of those evaluated..
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Satpathi, Hirak. "Novel phosphorus containing poly(arylene ethers) as flame retardant additives and as reactant in organic synthesis." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176136.
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Due to their outstanding properties, poly(arylene ethers) are useful as toughness modifiers in epoxy resins (EP). Furthermore, these polymers show rather low intrinsic fire risks. According to recent research it has been incorporated that poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) [PAEPO’s] can further improve the fire behavior. Increasing phosphorous content of the PAEPO can influence the fire behavior too. Fire retardants containing phosphorus – regardless of whether an additive or reactive approach is used – show different mechanisms in the condensed and gas phase. In the present study PSU Control (BPA based polysulfone) with four different PAEPO’s and their corresponding blends with an EP were investigated.
All poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation. The polymers obtained covered a wide range of weight average molar masses (6,000 – 150,000 g/mol) as determined by size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering detection (MALLS). FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF revealed formation of the desired polymer structure of the linear poly(arylene ethers). All polymers were easily soluble in common organic solvents, thus enabling processing from solution.The pyrolysis and the fire retardancy mechanisms of the polymers and blends with epoxy resin (EP) were tackled by means of a comprehensive thermal analysis (thermogravimetry (TG), TG-evolved gas analysis) and fire tests [PCFC, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter].
The Mitsunobu reaction of Dimethyl-5-hydroxyisophthalate and a long chain semifluorinated alcohol requires triphenyl phosphine as a reactant. Identical, in some case higher yield was obtained in the usual conditions, with triphenyl phosphine and with trivalent phosphorus containing polymers, which was prepared in solvent free bulk (melt) polymerization technique from trivalent phosphorus monomer and a silylated diphenol in presence of CsF. Purification and the recovery of the final product which is always a big challenge in case of Mitsunobu reaction, was far more easier using polymer compared to triphenyl phosphine. During polymerization there was a possibility to have polymer having repeating unit containing both trivalent phosphorus and phosphine oxide. The trivalent phosphorus content of the polymer can be varied using different molar concentration of CsF.
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Preston, Adam J. "Structural and functional relationships in dendrimers Part 1: synthesis and study of liquid crystalline dendrimers as additives to dental composites. Part 2: effect of selective metal coordination on dendrimer structure /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1104355003.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxvi, 533 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-292).
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Paul, Noel Michael. "Studies in dendritic secondary structural control." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1104365307.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 343 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-343).
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Ebenhoch, Bernd. "Organic solar cells : novel materials, charge transport and plasmonic studies." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7814.
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Organic solar cells have great potential for cost-effective and large area electricity production, but their applicability is limited by the relatively low efficiency. In this dissertation I report investigations of novel materials and the underlying principles of organic solar cells, carried out at the University of St Andrews between 2011 and 2015. Key results of this investigation: • The charge carrier mobility of organic semiconductors in the active layer of polymer solar cells has a rather small influence on the power conversion efficiency. Cooling solar cells of the polymer:fullerene blend PTB7:PC₇₁BM from room temperature to 77 K decreased the hole mobility by a factor of thousand but the device efficiency only halved. • Subphthalocyanine molecules, which are commonly used as electron donor materials in vacuum-deposited active layers of organic solar cells, can, by a slight structural modification, also be used as efficient electron acceptor materials in solution-deposited active layers. Additionally these acceptors offer, compared to standard fullerene acceptors,advantages of a stronger light absorption at the peak of the solar spectrum. • A low band-gap polymer donor material requires a careful selection of the acceptor material in order to achieve efficient charge separation and a maximum open circuit voltage. • Metal structures in nanometer-size can efficiently enhance the electric field and light absorption in organic semiconductors by plasmonic resonance. The fluorescence of a P3HT polymer film above silver nanowires, separated by PEDOT:PSS, increased by factor of two. This could be clearly assigned to an enhanced absorption as the radiative transition of P3HT was identical beside the nanowires. • The use of a processing additive in the casting solution for the active layer of organic solar cells of PTB7:PC₇₁BM strongly influences the morphology, which leads not only to an optimum of charge separation but also to optimal charge collection.
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Lambert, Romain. "Nouveaux copolymères et nanostructures dérivés de liquides ioniques à base d'imidazoliums : applications en catalyse et comme additifs conducteurs ioniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0306/document.
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Des poly(liquides ioniques) (PILs) arrangés sous la forme de copolymères statistiques,de nanoparticules à chaine unique ou bien sous la forme de copolymères à blocs autoassemblés ont été employés comme précurseurs de carbènes N-hétérocycliques (NHC)s à des fins de catalyses organiques ou organométalliques. L’introduction d’anions acétate dans des unités PIL dérivés d’imidazolium permet la génération in situ de NHCs actifs en catalyse. Les nanoparticules composées d’une chaine unique polymère repliée sur elle-même (SCNP) ont été spécialement conçues selon deux stratégies impliquant, d’une part, une réaction d’autoquaternisation entre groupements fonctionnels antagonistes portés par la chaine et, d’autre part, une réaction de complexation organométallique à l’aide d’un sel de palladium. Dans lesdeux cas, les chaines polymères ont été obtenues par polymérisation contrôlée (méthode RAFT). Les copolymères à blocs amphiphiles comportant un bloc PIL fonctionnalisé par du palladium ont été synthétisés par polymérisation RAFT et auto-assemblés dans l’eau sous forme de micelles.Un effet de confinement des sites catalytiques a clairement été démontré à travers des réactions de catalyse pour les couplages de Suzuki et de Heck dans l’eau, avec un gain cinétique très net par rapport à des homologues non micellisés, en plus d’une grande facilité de recyclage de ces supports micellaires.Enfin, des copolymères à blocs à base de PIL-benzimidazolium à contre anion bis(trifluoromethane)-sulfonylimide de lithium ont été développés comme agents dopants conducteurs ioniques de matrices structurantes PS-b-PEO. Des mélanges configurés en films minces avec une quantité minimale d’agent dopant ont conduit dans certaines conditions à des valeurs optimales de conductivité ionique grâce à une nano structuration des films à longue distancePoly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) in the form of random copolymers, single chain nanoparticles(SCNPs), or self assembled block copolymers have been used as N-heterocyclic carbenes(NHCs) precursors for the purpose of organic and organometallic catalysis. Introducing acetate derivative counter anion in imidazolium based PIL units enable in situ generation of catalyticallyactive NHC. SCNPs have been specially designed along two strategies including, firstly, a self quaternization reaction involving two antagonists groups supported on to the polymer chain and,secondly, an organometallic complexation featuring palladium salt. Both polymeric precursors were obtained using RAFT as controlled polymerization method. Amphiphilic block copolymers composed of a PIL block functionalized by palladium have been synthesized by RAFT and self-assembled in water, leading to micellar structures. Confinement effect has been demonstrated through Suzuki and Heck coupling in water showing kinetic gain compared to molecular homologue in addition to an easier recycling method.Finally, PIL-benzimidazolium based block copolymers with lithium bis(trifluoromethane)-sulfonylimide anion have been developed as ionic conductor doping agent for PS-PEO matrix. Thin films blends with minimum doping agent amount led to optimum ionic conductivity owing tolong range order
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Jurs, Joshua Lewis. "Development and testing of flame retardant additives and polymers." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18653.
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The first chapter examines the non-halogenated flame retardant additives. The synthesis and blending of these various boron compounds are discussed and the blending of these additives into commercial polymers is addressed. The burn results of these polymer and additives blends are displayed.
Chapter 2 shows the various halogenated flame retardant additives, based on the insecticide DDT and its many analogs. The synthesis and blending of these various halogenated flame retardant additives in several commercial polymers is examined. The burn results for these additives are shown and all perform as V-0 material in the UL-94 flammability test, when they are mixed with a synergist (antimony oxide) and an anti-drip additive (polytetrafluoroethylene). These compounds represent a new class of halogenated flame retardant additives, which could be used in commercial polymers.
The third chapter outlines the new approach in making flame retardant polymers out of the DDT monomer and its various analogs. The synthesis and blending of these new flame retardant polymers into commercial plastics is examined. The burn results of these new polymer blends are summarized.
Chapter 4 examines a new class of inherently flame retardant polymers, which incorporates the bisphenol C structure into these new polymers. The synthesis and blending of these novel flame retardant polymers is outlined. The burn results for these new polymers show that they all work as inherently flame retardant polymer without the need for a synergist. These polymers represent a new class of inherently flame retardant polymers.
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Chen, Ming-Chung, and 陳銘崇. "Improving the Efficiency of Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Photovoltaics by Novel Organic Additives." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42668260288450723392.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
101
In this report, we discussed major factors which limit the efficiencies of organic photovoltaics (OPV), and demonstrate the utilization of polymers as additive in the active layer of bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) OPVs to improve the device performances. There are several causes that limit the performance of the OPV. Among them, the properties of the active materials are the most determining factors. Ideally, the donor polymers should have a broad absorption (low band-gap) in the solar spectrum to ensure effective light harvesting. In addition, to achieve efficient exciton dissociation, the donor (D) and acceptor (A) phase sizes must be sufficiently small to enable efficient charge separation at their interface, yet, a bicontinuous network of D and A phases must exist with sufficiently high and considerable balanced mobilities to allow the efficient charge transport to the electrodes. Furthermore, a suitable band alignment of D-A interface in controlling the dissociation of bound excitons is of importance. In order to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OPV with the fulfillment of above mentioned criteria, there is still great interest in combining organic semiconductors and polymers that exhibit optical or electrical vantages in the existing OPV devices. Herein, we utilized the unique polymers within the active layer of a BHJ OPV, and individually control the light harvesting, the band alignment and the constitution of the D-A interfaces, the nano-morphologies of D/A materials, and the carrier mobilities in the active layer. With such approaches, we achieved the improvement of the PCE of the devices by around 25–35% as compared to the pristine OPV. Our study paves the way for improving the performance of OPVs by the polymer additives.
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TSENG, CHING, and 曾靖. "Enhancing the performances of organic photovoltaics and perovskite solar cells by interface modification and addition of polymer additives." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/479s82.
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碩士明志科技大學
材料工程系碩士班
107
In the first part of this study, commercially available BYK dispersants were used as the interface modification layers for improving the efficiency of organic photovoltaics. Three kind of BYK dispersants with the functional groups containing alcohols and amines were selected to investigate because these functional groups could improve the energy level matching to facilitate the electron transport and extraction, so that the ZnO layer could transmit electrons more efficiently. The cell structure was inverted to the structure of indium tin oxide glass/ZnO/modified layers/PTB7-Th:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag. The power conversion efficiency of the Disperbyk-181-derived device could reach to 9.32% ± 0.13% that was higher than 8.31% ± 0.16% obtained from the device without modified layers. The best value of efficiency obtained in this study was 9.48% with a fill factor of 72% under AM1.5G. For the second part of this study, poly(amic acid) (PAA) with high heat resistance were synthesized and used as additives for the perovskite activation layer. The structures of PAA contain many N atoms and OH, COOH functional groups which can interact with Pb2+ and perovskite MAI through Lewis acid-base pair or hydrogen bonding to increase carrier lifetime and improve device efficiency and stability. The device structure used in this study was ITO/NiOx/CH3NH3PbI3:PAA/PC61BM/BCP/Ag. The results showed that the optimum concentration of the additive was 0.5 vol%, and the efficiency of the perovskite solar cells were increased from 14.16%±0.54% to 16.80%±0.63%, and the highest value of efficiency was 17.85%. It suggested that the optimum addition of PAA could increase in perovskite grain size, carrier lifetime and device efficiency due to the decrease in the grain boundary defects. Moreover, the device efficiency could remain at 16.57% ± 0.75% when the unpackaged device placed in Ar gas glove box for more than 500 hours, indicating the device fabricated in this study had an excellent stability.
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yeu-shiun, shieh, and 謝宇軒. "Synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, viny ester, and epoxy resins." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57494638192637782477.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
97
Abstract Synthesis of inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP) as low-profile additives for unsaturated polyester resins by RAFT living free radical polymerizations has been studied in this work. Before the RAFT polymerization, the chain transfer agent with a chemical structure of Z-C(=S)-S-R was synthesized first. The synthesized chain transfer agent was then characterized by using FTIR、1H-NMR and DSC to confirm its structure. The chain transfer agent (CTA), namely, BSPA, was bonded onto the inorganic silica particles. The silica-supported BSPA was then used to mediate RAFT polymerization of methyl acrylate to produce homopolymer grafted silica, known as inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP). Moreover, the silica-supported PMA was then used to mediate RAFT polymerization of Butyl Acrylate to produce black copolymer grafted silica. It was found that the introduction of a free CTA in solution during polymerization could significantly improve the control on molecular weight and polydispersity of grafted polymers. Keyword ：reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) ,chain transfer agent, inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), low-profile additive (LPA).
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(9776714), Md Hazrat Ali. "Waste plastics as fuel additives: Study of solubility in biodiesel and performance of plastic-biodiesel-diesel blends in a diesel engine." Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Waste_plastics_as_fuel_additives_Study_of_solubility_in_biodiesel_and_performance_of_plastic-biodiesel-diesel_blends_in_a_diesel_engine/16850755.
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This study investigated the suitability of using waste plastics as an additive in biodiesel through assessing the performance, emissions and combustion characterises of a diesel engine. Firstly, the waste plastics were dissolved into different biodiesels. Then, the dissolved solution was mixed with standard diesel to make diesel-biodiesel-plastic blends. These plastic blends were then tested in a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, diesel engine. These analyses indicated that waste plastics can potentially be used as fuel additives along with the diesel-biodiesel blends in diesel engines. There exists little research in this field, so the comprehensive study reported in this thesis is important and significant.
The novelty of this work lies in identifying the biodegradable solvents that can properly dissolve waste plastics and demonstrate the beneficial effects of plastics in reducing harmful gas emissions and improving engine performance.
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Chen, Hsiao-Lan, and 陳曉蘭. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cured sample morphology ,volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability, and mechanical properties." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04232091512842434823.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
The effects of four additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive,(2) inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, (3) montmorillonite clay and (4)Raft CSR, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and , mechanical properties of the styrene(St)/ Vinyl ester resin (VER)/ additives ternary systems and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/VER/additive ternary system and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. Also the scattering intensity of vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of VER and the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. ( keywords: core-shell rubber(CSR); montmorillonite (MMT); volume shrinkage;internal pigmentability;unsaturated polyester(UP); vinyl ester resin (VER)；curing；mechanical properties；radius of gyration)
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Chang, Han-Wen, and 張瀚文. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability ,and mechanical properties." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29214729275413454738.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
97
The effects of two additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive,(2) inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and (3) montmorillonite clay, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability, mechanical properties of the styrene(St)/ Vinyl ester resin (VER)/ additives ternary systems and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/VER/additive ternary system and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. Also the scattering intensity of vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of VER and the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law.
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Oktavia, Hyurin, and 林優恩. "Effects of Nano-scale and Submicron-scale Core-shell Rubber Additives, Inorganic Silica/Organic Polymer Core-shell Particle, and Montmorillonite Clay on the Cure Kinetics, Glass Transition Temperatures, Volume Shrinkage, and Internal Pigmentability for Un." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56957295543964945444.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
The effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core shell rubbers (CSR), inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle (CSP), silane-treated montmorillonite clay (MPSi-MMT) and alkyl-ammonium treated montmorillonite clay (AMMT) as low-profile additives (LPA) on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures and volume shrinkage for styrene (ST)/unsaturated polyester (or vinyl ester)/additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent/additive ternary systems have been investigated. The reaction kinetics during the cure was measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP (or VER)/additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent/additive ternary systems was measured by the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The volume shrinkage of the cured sample was also measured using the density method. (Keyword: core-shell rubber (CSR) ; low-profile additive (LPA) ; montmorillonite (MMT) ; unsaturated polyester (UP) ; vinyl ester resin (VER) ; epoxy resin；curing kinetics ; glass transition temperature ; volume shrinkage)
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Chiu, Shu-wei, and 邱淑微. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures, volume shrinkage, mechanical properties and cure." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16096561528870591250.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
99
The effects of four additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive,(2) inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, (3) organic montmorillonite clay, on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures, cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and mechanical properties of the Styrene(St)/ Unsaturated polyester (or Vinyl ester resin)/ additives ternary systems and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/VER/additive ternary system and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems before the cure, final cure conversion, glass transition temperature, SAXS and WAXS analysis, cured sample morphology and Mechanical properties. Also the scattering intensity of vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of VER and the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law.
23
Lin, Chien-chen, and 林建辰. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40515457249652869763.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
In the synthesis of the Si-PMA, the nano-scale colloidal silica was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(Si-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (Si-BSPA). Later, Si-BSPA can be use as a media in Si-poly(methyl acrylate)(i.e. Si-PMA) via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA will become a dormant specimen which made the polymerization slowly, so that the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be controlled. The Si-PMA has a characteristic of living polymer. The synthesized Si-PMA, namely, inorganic/organic core-shell particle(CSP) employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrink unsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and epoxy(EP).
24
Liu, Gu-Hao, and 劉家豪. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77493157132117376181.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
99
In the synthesis of the Si-PMA, the nano-scale colloidal silica was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(Si-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (Si-BSPA). Later, Si-BSPA can be use as a RAFT agent to make in Si-poly(methyl acrylate)(i.e. Si-PMA) via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA chain transfer agent would become a dormant specimen slows down which made the polymerization rate, so that the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be controlled. The Si-PMA has a characteristic of living polymer. The synthesized Si-PMA, namely, inorganic/organic core-shell particle (CSP) can be employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrinkunsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and Epoxy (EP).
25
HSU, Ting-Yu, and 許廷宇. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and ep." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98969309854803471161.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
97
Abstract The effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core shell rubbers (CSR) as low-profile additives (LPA), and inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle,and silane treated montmorillonite clay (MMT) on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester (or vinyl ester) /additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems have been investigated. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP (or VER)/additive ternary system and epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP (or VER)/additive ternary systems and epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems has been measured by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
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Yu, Ya-ting, and 余雅婷. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganicsilica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74133996909570431842.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
101
In the synthesis of the SiO2-PBA-b-PMA and SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA), the nano-scale colloidal silica (15~60nm) was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(SiO2-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (SiO2-BSPA). Later, SiO2-BSPA can be used as a RAFT agent to make SiO2-PBA-b-PMA (or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) via Reversible Addition -Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA chain transfer agent would become a dormant specimen, which may slow down the polymerization rate, and the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can then be controlled. The SiO2-PMA (or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) has a characteristic of living polymer. By characteristic of living polymer, SiO2-PMA (or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) was utilized as a macro-CTA to mediate chain extension polymerization of butyl acrylate(BA) monomers, and diblock copolymer grafted silica (i.e SiO2-PBA-b-PMA or SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)) was prepared. The synthesized SiO2-P(MA-co-GMA) and SiO2-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA), namely, inorganic/ organic core-shell particle (CSP) can be employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrink unsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and Epoxy (EP) resin. The effect of the CSP on the mechanical properties of the Styrene (St)/VER/CSP ternary system after the cure have also been investigated.
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CHEN, YEN-TING, and 陳彥廷. "Synthesis of nano-scale colloidal silica from elemental silicon by hydrolysis, and synthesis of nano-scale inorganic silica/organic polymer core-shell particle as additives by RAFT living free radical polymerizations for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qc863x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
100
In the synthesis of the Si-PMA and Si-PBA-b-PMA, the nano-scale colloidal silica was obtained by the hydrolysis of elemental silicon. Then silica was reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane to produce benzyl chloride functionalized silica(Si-Cl) first, followed by reacting with BSPA to make BSPA-grafted silica particle (Si-BSPA). Later, Si-BSPA can be used as a RAFT agent to make Si-poly(methyl acrylate) (i.e. Si-PMA) and Si-PBA-b-PMA via Reversible Addition -Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. During RAFT polymerization, the CTA chain transfer agent would become a dormant specimen, which may slow down the polymerization rate, and the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can then be controlled. The Si-PMA has a characteristic of living polymer. By characteristic of living polymer, Si-PMA was utilized as a macro-CTA to mediate chain extension polymerization of butyl acrylate(BA) monomers, and diblock copolymer grafted silica (i.e Si-PBA-b-PMA) was prepared. The synthesized Si-PMA and Si-PBA-b-PMA, namely, inorganic/ organic core-shell particle (CSP) can be employed as low-profile additives (LPA) for low-shrink unsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl ester resins (VER), and Epoxy (EP) resin.
28
Huang, Hsin-Yao, and 黃新堯. "Effects of nano-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica /organic polymer core-shell particle, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures, volume shrinkage, mechanical properties and cured sample morphology for unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s6k57x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
100
The effects of four additives, including (1) nano- scale core-shell rubber additive,(2) inorganic silica gel/organic polymer core-shell particle, (3) organic montmorillonite clay, on the cure kinetics, glass transition temperatures, cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and mechanical properties of the Styrene(St)/ Unsaturated polyester (or Vinyl ester resin)/ additives ternary systems and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/VER/additive ternary system and Epoxy/curing agent /additive ternary systems before the cure, final cure conversion, glass transition temperature, SAXS and WAXS analysis, cured sample morphology and Mechanical properties. Also the scattering intensity of vinyl ester resin (VER) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of VER and the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP(or VER)/additive ternary system during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP(or VER)/additive ternary system has been measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
29
TSENG, CHIEN-CHENG, and 曾建誠. "Synthesis of functionalized graphene oxide and functionalized exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets and effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, inorganic silica /organic polymer core-shell particle, functionalized graphene oxide, and functionalized exfoliated graphene nanoplatelet on the volume shrinkage, mechanical properties and cured sample morphology for unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14841570663378769252.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
103
The effects of the submicron-scale core–shell rubber (CSR), nano-scale silane-grafted silica nanoparticles (SNP) and thermally reduced graphene oxide as special additives on volume shrinkage characteristics and mechanical properties of the styrene (St)/vinyl ester resin(VER)/special additive ternary systems cured at 120 ℃ and post cured at 150 ℃have been investigated. The SNP with a diameter of 15 nm was synthesized by size-controllable hydrolysis of elemental silicon, followed by the surface treatment of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) to obtain the MPS-silica. The CSRs were synthesized by two-stage soapless emulsion polymerizations, where the soft core was made from rubbery poly(n-butyl acrylate), and the hard shell was made from 85 mole% of methyl methacrylate, 15mol% glycidyl methacrylate, and 1mole% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent. The experimental results are explained by an integrated approach of measurements of the static phase characteristics of a St/VER/special additive system, the cured sample morphology with SEM, TEM, and mechanical properties.