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Academic literature on the topic 'Organic Photo-Voltaic Devices (OPVD)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Organic Photo-Voltaic Devices (OPVD)"
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Ali, Alaa Y., Natalie P. Holmes, Nathan Cooling, John Holdsworth, Warwick Belcher, Paul Dastoor, and Xiaojing Zhou. "Optimization of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics." Coatings 13, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071293.
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The performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices was found to be strongly influenced by environmental during preparation, thermal annealing conditions, and the material blend composition. We optimized laboratory fabricated devices for these variables. Humidity during the fabrication process can cause electrode oxidation and photo-oxidation in the active layer of the OPV. Thermal annealing of the device structure modifies the morphology of the active layer, resulting in changes in material domain sizes and percolation pathways which can enhance the performance of devices. Thermal annealing of the blended organic materials in the active layer also leads to the growth of crystalline for P3HT domains due to a more arrangement packing of chains in the polymer. Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) acts as a hole transport layer in these P3HT:PCBM devices. Two commercially materials of PEDOT:PSS were utilizing in the optimization of the OPV in this research; high conductivity PEDOT:PSS-PH1000 and PEDOT:PSS-Al4083, which is specifically designed for OPV interfaces. It was demonstrated that OPVs were prepared with PEDOT:PSS-PH1000 have a less than the average performance of PEDOT:PSS-Al4083. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) decreased clearly with a reducing in masking area devices from 5 mm2 to 3.8 mm2 for OPVs based on PH1000 almost absolutely due to the reduced short circuit current (Jsc). This work provides a roadmap to understanding P3HT:PCBM OPV performance and outlines the preparation issues which need to be resolved for efficient device fabrication
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Kim, Jihee, Chang Woo Koh, Mohammad Afsar Uddin, Ka Yeon Ryu, Song-Rim Jang, Han Young Woo, Bogyu Lim, and Kyungkon Kim. "Improving the Photostability of Small-Molecule-Based Organic Photovoltaics by Providing a Charge Percolation Pathway of Crystalline Conjugated Polymer." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112598.
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Photostability of small-molecule (SM)-based organic photovoltaics (SM-OPVs) is greatly improved by utilizing a ternary photo-active layer incorporating a small amount of a conjugated polymer (CP). Semi-crystalline poly[(2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(5,6-difluoro-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT) and amorphous poly[(2,5-bis(2-decyltetradecyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(5,6-dicyano-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2CNBT) with similar chemical structures were used for preparing SM:fullerene:CP ternary photo-active layers. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary device with PPDT2FBT (Ternary-F) was higher than those of the ternary device with PPDT2CNBT (Ternary-CN) and a binary SM-OPV device (Binary) by 15% and 17%, respectively. The photostability of the SM-OPV was considerably improved by the addition of the crystalline CP, PPDT2FBT. Ternary-F retained 76% of its initial PCE after 1500 h of light soaking, whereas Ternary-CN and Binary retained only 38% and 17% of their initial PCEs, respectively. The electrical and morphological analyses of the SM-OPV devices revealed that the addition of the semi-crystalline CP led to the formation of percolation pathways for charge transport without disturbing the optimized bulk heterojunction morphology. The CP also suppressed trap-assisted recombination and enhanced the hole mobility in Ternary-F. The percolation pathways enabled the hole mobility of Ternary-F to remain constant during the light-soaking test. The photostability of Ternary-CN did not improve because the addition of the amorphous CP inhibited the formation of ordered SM domains.
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Bhargava, Udayagiri R. "A Brief Review on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37089.
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Photo-voltaic (PV) devices such as a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a source of energy that converts incident photon or solar radiation to usable electricity. DSSCs are fast becoming a viable and interesting alternative to the traditional inorganic photo-voltaic devices to address the demerits of the inorganic PV devices like the use of expensive noble metals and high-cost chemical synthesis processes. A DSSC functions with two main components, i.e., a photo-sensitizer that absorbs incident light and a semiconductor onto which it is adhered to and a conductive glass housing such as Florine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) or Indium-doped Tin Oxide (ITO), between which the sensitizer, semiconductor and an electrolyte are sandwiched. The semiconductor is preferably a wide-band semiconductor, of which the commonly used semiconductors in a DSSC are made of a nanoparticle layer of Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Tin oxide (SnO2). The utility of these solar cells with a diverse number of natural photo-sensitizers for use as an alternative PV device is described. Currently, there are an abundance of natural sources that could be used to obtain photo-sensitizers from, such as, micro and macro algae, plants, bacteria, etc. leading to increased importance in renewable energy sector and has gained traction to be a viable renewable energy resource. In addition to the functioning of an organic DSSC, various characteristics of the pigments used as photo-sensitizers are described here. Patents filed regarding eco-friendly and natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells have been increasing as of late and holds substantial promise.
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Bonasera, Aurelio, Giuliana Giuliano, Giuseppe Arrabito, and Bruno Pignataro. "Tackling Performance Challenges in Organic Photovoltaics: An Overview about Compatibilizers." Molecules 25, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092200.
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Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) based on Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) blends are a mature technology. Having started their intensive development two decades ago, their low cost, processability and flexibility rapidly funneled the interest of the scientific community, searching for new solutions to expand solar photovoltaics market and promote sustainable development. However, their robust implementation is hampered by some issues, concerning the choice of the donor/acceptor materials, the device thermal/photo-stability, and, last but not least, their morphology. Indeed, the morphological profile of BHJs has a strong impact over charge generation, collection, and recombination processes; control over nano/microstructural morphology would be desirable, aiming at finely tuning the device performance and overcoming those previously mentioned critical issues. The employ of compatibilizers has emerged as a promising, economically sustainable, and widely applicable approach for the donor/acceptor interface (D/A-I) optimization. Thus, improvements in the global performance of the devices can be achieved without making use of more complex architectures. Even though several materials have been deeply documented and reported as effective compatibilizing agents, scientific reports are quite fragmentary. Here we would like to offer a panoramic overview of the literature on compatibilizers, focusing on the progression documented in the last decade.
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Tian, Hongyue, Mingxin Zhao, Xiaoling Ma, Chunyu Xu, Wenjing Xu, Zhongyuan Liu, Miao Zhang, and Fujun Zhang. "Critical Progress of Polymer Solar Cells with a Power Conversion Efficiency over 18%." Energies 16, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114494.
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The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have reached more than 19%, along with the prosperous development of materials and device engineering. It is meaningful to make a comprehensive review of the research of OPVs for further performance improvement. In this review, some typical materials of high-performance OPVs are summarized, including representative polymer donor materials, non-fullerene acceptor materials, and interfacial modification materials, as well as their design rules for molecular engineering. From the point of view of device engineering, active layer treatment and deposition technology are introduced, which can play a critical role in adjusting the degree of molecular aggregation and vertical distribution. Meanwhile, a ternary strategy has been confirmed as an efficient method for improving the performance of OPVs, and the multiple roles of the appropriate third component in the photo-electronic conversion process are emphasized and analyzed. The challenges and perspectives concerning this region are also put forward for further developing high-performance OPVs.
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Sreekala, C. O., P. F. Saneesh, K. S. Sreelatha, A. Kishnashree, and M. S. Roy. "Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Based on Rosebengal: ncTiO2 and Parameter Extraction by Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4304.
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In bulk heterojunction solar cells, the donor and acceptor materials are intimately blended throughout the bulk, so that the excitons generated will reach the interface within their lifetime. In this work, Rosebengal (RB) is used as the donor material and nanocrystalline Titanium dioxide (nc TiO2) as the acceptor material. Devices with device structure ITO/RB:TiO2/Ag are prepared and their optical and electrical properties are compared at different temperatures. Optical absorption spectroscopic analysis shows that the absorption of Rose bengal ranges from 650-800 nm corresponding to a band gap of 1.98 eV. Cyclic voltametric analysis, and photo voltaic properties are analysed. Using simulation, the dark current parameters such as ideality factor (n), mobility (µ) potential barrier (φb) and carrier concentration are extracted and tabulated.
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Channa, Iftikhar Ahmed, Ali Dad Chandio, Muhammad Rizwan, Aqeel Ahmed Shah, Jahanzeb Bhatti, Abdul Karim Shah, Fayaz Hussain, Muhammad Ali Shar, and Abdulaziz AlHazaa. "Solution Processed PVB/Mica Flake Coatings for the Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102496.
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Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) die due to their interactions with environmental gases, i.e., moisture and oxygen, the latter being the most dangerous, especially under illumination, due to the fact that most of the active layers used in OPVs are extremely sensitive to oxygen. In this work we demonstrate solution-based effective barrier coatings based on composite of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and mica flakes for the protection of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) against photobleaching under illumination conditions. In the first step we developed a protective layer with cost effective and environmentally friendly methods and optimized its properties in terms of transparency, barrier improvement factor, and bendability. The developed protective layer maintained a high transparency in the visible region and improved oxygen and moisture barrier quality by the factor of ~7. The resultant protective layers showed ultra-flexibility, as no significant degradation in protective characteristics were observed after 10 K bending cycles. In the second step, a PVB/mica composite layer was applied on top of the P3HT film and subjected to photo-degradation. The P3HT films coated with PVB/mica composite showed improved stability under constant light irradiation and exhibited a loss of <20% of the initial optical density over the period of 150 h. Finally, optimized barrier layers were used as encapsulation for organic solar cell (OSC) devices. The lifetime results confirmed that the stability of the OSCs was extended from few hours to over 240 h in a sun test (65 °C, ambient RH%) which corresponds to an enhanced lifetime by a factor of 9 compared to devices encapsulated with pristine PVB.
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Debesay, Thomas H., and Sam-Shajing Sun. "Phototransistors Based on A Lightly Doped P3HT." MRS Advances 5, no. 37-38 (2020): 1975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.306.
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AbstractOrganic/Polymeric Semiconductor (OSC) based devices have been under extensive study for the past three decades due to their intrinsic potential advantages such as lightweight, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, abundant material availability, low cost of processing, etc. A phototransistor incorporates the properties and functions of a transistor and photodetector. In this study, a phototransistor based on a donor/acceptor (D/A) pair (photo-doping) was studied and demonstrated. Unlike in organic photovoltaics (OPV) where 1:1 proportion by mass of the donor:acceptor is utilized to make up the active layer, that ratio appears to be too high for phototransistor applications. According to literature, this 1:1 concentration leads to low overall device performance, lack of I-V curve saturation (kink effect), and bipolar behavior. By altering fabrication techniques and doping concentrations, we were able to demonstrate a donor/acceptor based phototransistor with p-type characteristics with improved performance. In this work, we fabricated a high-performance OFET based on a very small amount of Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) doped into a Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) host. With this work, a greater understanding behind the optimization of D/A based phototransistors is advanced.
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Roy, Palas, and Jyotishman Dasgupta. "Temporal probing of excitons in organic semiconductors." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1230.
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AbstractPhotoinduced charge generation forms the physical basis for energy conversion in organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology. The fundamental initial steps involved are absorption of light by organic semiconductors (generally π-conjugated polymers) to generate photoexcited states (Frenkel excitons) followed by charge transfer and charge separation processes in presence of suitable acceptor. The absorbed photon energy must be utilized completely for achieving maximum device efficiency. However progressive relaxation losses of instantaneously generated high-energy or hot-excited states form major bottleneck for maximum derivable voltage. This efficiency limiting factor has been challenged recently by the role of hot-carriers in efficient generation of charges. Therefore tailoring the dissociation of hot-exciton to be temporally faster than all relaxation processes could minimize the energy loss pathways. Implementation of this concept of hot-carrier photovoltaics demands critical understanding of molecular parameters that circumvent all energy relaxation processes and favor hot-carrier generation. In my dissertation work, I have examined the fate of photo-generated excitons in the context of polymer backbone and morphology, and therefore obtain a fundamental structure-function correlation in organic semiconductors.
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Ali, Alaa Y., Natalie P. Holmes, Mohsen Ameri, Krishna Feron, Mahir N. Thameel, Matthew G. Barr, Adam Fahy, et al. "Low-Temperature CVD-Grown Graphene Thin Films as Transparent Electrode for Organic Photovoltaics." Coatings 12, no. 5 (May 16, 2022): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050681.
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Good conductivity, suitable transparency and uniform layers of graphene thin film can be produced by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) at low temperature and utilised as a transparent electrode in organic photovoltaics. Using chlorobenzene trapped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer as the carbon source, growth temperature (Tgrowth) of 600 °C at hydrogen (H2) flow of 75 standard cubic centimetres per minute (sccm) was used to prepare graphene by CVD catalytically on copper (Cu) foil substrates. Through the Tgrowth of 600 °C, we observed and identified the quality of the graphene films, as characterised by Raman spectroscopy. Finally, P3HT (poly (3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl)): PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated on graphene-based window electrodes and compared with indium tin oxide (ITO)-based devices. It is interesting to observe that the OPV performance is improved more than 5 fold with increasing illuminated areas, hinting that high resistance between graphene domains can be alleviated by photo generated charges.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic Photo-Voltaic Devices (OPVD)"
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Jagdish, Anakkavoor Krishnaswamy. "Nano-Scale Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of Organic Photovoltaic Devices." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4258.
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Organic photovoltaic devices have evinced interest due to the prospects of integrating strongly absorbing semiconducting polymers in flexible, light weight device platforms with ease of fabrication. However, there are significant performance issues to be addressed in these devices which include issues at the pixel level and those at the panel level. In this thesis, we address design and fabrication issues in the context of two distinct problems – that of enhancing optoelectronic performance at the pixel level using nanostructured platforms, and that of identifying and modelling catastrophic failure mechanisms in these devices.
A major part of the thesis deals with the enhancement of optoelectronic performance using a nanostructured photovoltaic architecture. Based on design insights from optical transport studies on a photovoltaic architecture with Nano-pillars, an optimized nanostructured platform is designed and fabricated for optoelectronic enhancement. A two-step template based melding process to obtain nanostructured substrates based on novel mouldable transparent materials, on which we demonstrate broadband light trapping. We show that this design brings about dual advantages – firstly an enhancement in the absorption through trapped surface plasmon modes at the absorber-electrode interface and bulk guided modes in the active layer, and secondly an improved charge separation due to enhanced built in fields. Subsequently the problem of material optimization is considered where the combined effects of the nanostructured geometry and the optoelectronic properties of the absorber layer are studied using simulations.
In the remainder of the thesis, problems relating to identification, characterization, and modelling of catastrophic failure in device are addressed. Coupled electro-thermal processes are shown to be at the root of structural damage, which results in two distinct types of
structural defects in the device. We develop an analytical model to evaluate the failure criteria, which shows excellent agreement with the experimentally observed defects. Using these models, one could design robust devices for large panels, where thermally initiated
issues pose a challenge.