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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic matter addition'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Paul, Niladri, Jayeeta Chakraborty, Dipankar Saha, Rajib Ranjan Chakraborty, and Saradindu Das. "Stages of Organic Matter Addition vs. N Transformation in Soil." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2013): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v3i2.5036.

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FYM and mustard cake, the two variable source of organic matter, were used as amendments and N sources in a typic ustifluvent soil. Organic matters were added at two modes i.e 21 daysâ€™ before and on the day of actual start of the experiment. Inorganic N as urea was added as treatment material. Results of the experiment reveal that comparatively higher amount of inorganic N was accumulated in soil incubated at 21 days compared to soils amended with organic matter upto 90 days period. Compared to the sources of organic matters, it was observed that the amount of inorganic N was recorded much higher in mustard cake amended soil than that of the soil amended with FYM. However, the amount of organic N content did not vary much and also did not show any definite trend of changes. The overall result showed that mustard cake proved superior results over that of FYM with regard to accumulation of inorganic N in soil. Addition of organic matters 21 days before the start of the experiment showed better results with regards to availability of N in soils.

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2

Riggs, Charlotte E., Sarah E. Hobbie, Elizabeth M. Bach, Kirsten S. Hofmockel, and Clare E. Kazanski. "Nitrogen addition changes grassland soil organic matter decomposition." Biogeochemistry 125, no. 2 (June 29, 2015): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0123-2.

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3

Raul H. Piedrahita, George Tchobanoglous, and Brendan Moore. "Effect of Organic Matter Addition to Fish Culture Systems." Transactions of the ASAE 30, no. 1 (1987): 0233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30432.

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4

Yusran, Fadly Hairannoor. "The Relationship between Phosphate Adsorption and Soil Organic Carbon from Organic Matter Addition." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 15, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2010.v15i1.1-10.

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The Relationship between Phosphate Adsorption and Soil Organic Carbon from Organic Matter Addition (FH Yusran): The application of organic matter (OM) can increase soil phosphorus (P) availability via soil mineralisation. In lateritic soils, however, soluble organic carbon (OC) from OM may also reduce phosphate adsorption capacity, a process that also releases P in soil solution. In these soils, competitive adsorption could be dominant compared to mineralisation. The main objectives of this study were to study phosphate adsorption in three lateritic soils which have been treated with different types and amounts of organic amendment, and had intrinsic OC removed by combustion. The adsorption isotherms showed that OM addition could reduce phosphate adsorption and that this reduction could last up to nine months after application. Lucerne hay was more effective than peat and wheat straw additions in reducing phosphate adsorption capacity. The bicarbonate phosphorus (BP) release through mineralisation occurred despite the increase of phosphate adsorption capacity due to the combustion of soil samples. Peat treatment was predicted to be more effective in creating organo-metal complexes with Al and Fe. Overall, mineralisation from added organic amendment was effective in minimising P adsorption in lateritic soil.

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Medina, Rocío, Pedro M. David Gara, Janina A. Rosso, and María T. Del Panno. "Effects of organic matter addition on chronically hydrocarbon‐contaminated soil." Biodegradation 32, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-021-09929-y.

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6

Clostre, Florence, Thierry Woignier, Luc Rangon, Paula Fernandes, Alain Soler, and Magalie Lesueur-Jannoyer. "Field validation of chlordecone soil sequestration by organic matter addition." Journal of Soils and Sediments 14, no. 1 (October 22, 2013): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0790-3.

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7

Philben, Michael, Jianqiu Zheng, Markus Bill, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, George Perkins, Ziming Yang, Stan D. Wullschleger, David E. Graham, and Baohua Gu. "Stimulation of anaerobic organic matter decomposition by subsurface organic N addition in tundra soils." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 130 (March 2019): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.12.009.

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8

Irham, Muhammad, Saidatul Adhla, and Chitra Octavina. "Analisis kimia sedimen di sekitar ekosistem mangrove desa Lambadeuk, Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar." Depik 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.9.1.15163.

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Abstract. Research on analysis of sediments chemistry around the mangrove ecosystem of Lambadeuk village, Peukan Bada Subdistrict aimed to the analyze nutrient content of sediments around mangrove ecosystem which grows in Lambadeuk, Aceh Besar. The study was conducted in April 2018 - May 2019. Research stations were determined by using purposive random sampling method then sediment samples were taken by coring technic. The results of the analysis showed that there are two types of sediments; muddy sand and sandy mud type of sediment. Sandy mud sediment has higher organic matter than muddy sand. The percentage value of total organic matters ranged from 27.89% - 42.41%, while C-Organic was between 0.08% - 1.28%. The percentage of dominant C-organic was found in places that are overgrown with mangroves, while the total organic matter content is more in places that does not have mangroves. In addition to the presence of mangroves that affect the amount of organic sediment and type of sediment, oceanographic factors such as currents, topography, organic matter content, and C-Organic are also affect the type of existing sediment.Keywords: Mangroves, Sediment, Organic matter, C-Organic.Abstrak. Penelitian mengenai analisis kimia sedimen di sekitar ekosistem mangrove Desa Lambadeuk, Kecamatan Peukan Bada bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan unsur hara sedimen di sekitar ekosistem mangrove yang tumbuh di daerah Lambadeuk, Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April – Mei 2019. Metode penentuan stasiun penelitian menggunakan metode purposive random sampling kemudian sampel sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan coring. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tipe sedimen yang ada di Desa Lambadeuk, Kecamatan Peukan Bada terdapat dua tipe sedimen yaitu pasir berlumpur (muddy sand) dan lumpur berpasir (sandy mud). Tipe sedimen lumpur berpasir memiliki kandungan bahan organik lebih tinggi daripada pasir berlumpur. Nilai persentase kandungan bahan organik total berkisar yaitu berkisar antara 27,89 % - 42,41 %, sedangkan C-organik berkisar antara 0,08 % - 1,28 %. Persentase C-organik lebih banyak terdapat di tempat yang banyak ditumbuhi mangrove, sedangkan kandungan bahan organik total lebih banyak di tempat yang tidak ditumbuhi mangrove sama sekali. Disamping keberadaan mangrove yang mempengaruhi besarnya bahan organic sedimen, faktor-faktor oseanografi seperti arus, topografi, kandungan bahan organik, dan C-organik juga mempengauhi tipe sedimen yang ada.Kata Kunci: Mangrove, Sedimen, Bahan Organik, C-organik.

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9

Cheshire, M. V., C. Dumat, A. R. Fraser, S. Hillier, and S. Staunton. "The interaction between soil organic matter and soil clay minerals by selective removal and controlled addition of organic matter." European Journal of Soil Science 51, no. 3 (September 2000): 497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2000.00325.x.

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10

Chen, Mo, Hui-Qing Sun, and He-Long Jiang. "The addition of FeOOH binds phosphate in organic matter-rich sediments." Chemistry and Ecology 32, no. 5 (February 29, 2016): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2016.1150455.

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11

Derrien, Delphine, Caroline Plain, Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Louisette Gelhaye, Tanja C. W. Moerdijk-Poortvliet, Fabien Thomas, Antoine Versini, et al. "Does the addition of labile substrate destabilise old soil organic matter?" Soil Biology and Biochemistry 76 (September 2014): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.030.

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12

Wang, Yunfeng, Caixian Tang, Jianjun Wu, Xingmei Liu, and Jianming Xu. "Impact of organic matter addition on pH change of paddy soils." Journal of Soils and Sediments 13, no. 1 (August 21, 2012): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0578-x.

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13

Kauer, Karin, Sandra Pärnpuu, Liina Talgre, Viacheslav Eremeev, and Anne Luik. "Soil Particulate and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter Increases in Organic Farming under Cover Cropping and Manure Addition." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090903.

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This study aimed to investigate the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and soil organic matter (SOM) composition in conventional rotational cropping with mineral fertilization compared with organic cover cropping with and without composted manure addition during 2008–2018 to specify the SOM stabilization under different farming systems. The SOC proportion in particulate organic matter (POM) (63–2000 µm) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) (<63 µm) fractions were estimated in different treatments, and the SOM composition in the fractions was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The SOC sequestration rate was treatment-dependent, with the higher SOC sequestration rate (1.26 Mg ha−1 y−1) in the organic treatment with cover crop and composted manure. Across all treatments, 57.3%–77.8% of the SOC stock was in the MAOM fraction. Mineral N fertilization increased POM-C concentration by 19%–52% compared with the unfertilized control. Under the organic treatments, the POM-C concentration was 83%–95% higher than the control. The MAOM-C concentration increased by 8%–20%. The mineral N fertilization and organic treatments (with and without cover crops and composted manure) increased the SOC stock proportion of POM. The highest proportion of SOC stock related to POM was in the cover cropping system, reducing the proportion of C related to the MAOM fraction, but the addition of composted manure with cover cropping also increased the proportion of C in MAOM. Compared with MAOM, the POM had a less resistant organic matter composition, and the POM resistance was higher in organic than conventional treatments. In general, the recalcitrance of SOM increased with SOC concentration. The POM fraction had higher aromaticity (or degree of decomposition) than the MAOM fraction. The aromaticity in POM and MAOM fractions was higher in the organic farming system and depended on mineral N fertilization and cover cropping, but the effect of manure was not significant. Although the SOC sequestration rate was higher under manure addition, resulting in the highest formation of both POM and MAOM in the soil, manure addition had little effect on overall SOM composition compared with cover crops.

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14

DAMASTO, PRABOWO EDY, SUDIYONO SUDIYONO, and Y. B. P. SUBAGYO. "Influence of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration to digestibility of dry matter and organic matter on male local lamb." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 6, no. 2 (August 17, 2008): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f060204.

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Damasto PE, Sudiyono, Subagyo YBP. 2008. Influence of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration to digestibility of dry matter and organic matter on male local lamb. Biofarmasi 6): 52-57. Lamb livestock is one of supplier from animal protein in Indonesia, which potential to be developed, but the management system used was still traditional. One of important factor in lamb livestock productivity is feed, therefore the fulfillment of feed, either from its quantity and quality, is absolutely necessary. Besides that, to increase consumption, growth, digestibility, health, and feed efficiency, the livestock needs the existence of feed additive. Feed additive is a special substance that intending to be enhanced in livestock ration for its certain purpose. In this research, feed additive substance was temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb) flour. The purpose of this research was to find out the influence of temulawak flour addition in ration to the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter on male local lamb. This research had been done from September 13th, 2007 until November 23rd, 2007 on Minifarm of Animal Husbandry Program of Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, which located in Jatikuwung, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar, Central Java. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This research used 16 lambs with 12.07Â±1.11 kg of body weight, divided into four treatments, i.e. P0, P1, P2, and P3, each treatment was consisted of four replications, and each replication used one male local lamb. The treatments were P0 = 0% temulawak flour (as a control), P1 = 0.5% temulawak flour, P2 = 1% temulawak flour, and P3 = 1.5% temulawak flour. The parameters observed were dry matter intake, organic matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The result of this research for each treatment (P0, P1, P2, P3) on dry matter intake was 681.97, 667.48, 695.72, and 688.04 grams/lamb/day, on organic matter intake were 589.91, 576.64, 600.76, and 595.68 grams/lamb/day, on dry matter digestibility were 64.76, 63.20, 68.27, and 68.39%, and on organic matter digestibility were 70.63, 68.75, 73.15, and 73.44%. Analysis variance showed the different result was not significant at all of parameters and treatments. The conclusion was the addition of temulawak flour until the level of 1.5% from total ration had no effect on dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and dry matter and organic matter digestibility on male local lamb.

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15

Mizobata, Kellian K. G. S., Cinthia M. Santos, Kátia L. Maltoni, Gláucia A. Faria, and Ana M. R. Cassiolato. "Growth of Hymenaea stigonocarpa as a function of the addition of residues in degraded soil." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 3 (March 2016): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n3p223-229.

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ABSTRACT In areas where soil surface horizons were removed, the main edaphic problems are reduced amounts of organic matter and nutrients. Revegetation, especially with native species, has been indicated to recover these areas. Under this perspective, the present research has been developed to evaluate the contribution of organic and agro-industrial residues, as conditioners of soil fertility and their effects on initial growth of 'Jatobá-do-cerrado' seedlings. The treatments consisted of 4 agro-industrial residue doses (0, 15, 30 and 45 Mg ha-1) and 4 organic residue doses (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1), with 16 treatments and 10 replicates. After 8 months of development, the soil was evaluated for phosphorus, organic matter, hydrogen potential, potassium, calcium, magnesium, potential acidity, aluminum and sum of bases, and plants were evaluated for leaf chlorophyll, height, collar diameter, fresh and dry matter of shoots and roots, and root length. The addition of residues to the degraded soil increased the fertility by raising calcium and magnesium levels. Agro-industrial residues contributed to increasing height, shoot dry matter and chlorophyll of H. stigonocarpa, while organic residues improved shoot fresh matter and chlorophyll.

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16

Tobo, Y., P. J. DeMott, T. C. J. Hill, A. J. Prenni, N. G. Swoboda-Colberg, G. D. Franc, and S. M. Kreidenweis. "Organic matter matters for ice nuclei of agricultural soil origin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 16 (August 22, 2014): 8521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8521-2014.

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Abstract. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a crucial process for forming ice-containing clouds and subsequent ice-induced precipitation. The importance for ice nucleation by airborne desert soil dusts composed predominantly of minerals is widely acknowledged. However, the potential influence of agricultural soil dusts on ice nucleation has been poorly recognized, despite recent estimates that they may account for up to 20–25% of the global atmospheric dust load. We have conducted freezing experiments with various dusts, including agricultural soil dusts derived from the largest dust-source region in North America. Here we show evidence for the significant role of soil organic matter (SOM) in particles acting as ice nuclei (IN) under mixed-phase cloud conditions. We find that the ice-nucleating ability of the agricultural soil dusts is similar to that of desert soil dusts, but is clearly reduced after either H2O2 digestion or dry heating to 300 °C. In addition, based on chemical composition analysis, we demonstrate that organic-rich particles are more important than mineral particles for the ice-nucleating ability of the agricultural soil dusts at temperatures warmer than about −36 °C. Finally, we suggest that such organic-rich particles of agricultural origin (namely, SOM particles) may contribute significantly to the ubiquity of organic-rich IN in the global atmosphere.

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17

Kimetu, Joseph M., and Johannes Lehmann. "Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents." Soil Research 48, no. 7 (2010): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10036.

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Due to its recalcitrance against microbial degradation, biochar is very stable in soil compared to other organic matter additions, making its application to soils a suitable approach for the build-up of soil organic carbon (SOC). The net effects of such biochar addition also depend on its interactions with existing organic matter in soils. A study was established to investigate how the status of pre-existing soil organic matter influences biochar stabilisation in soil in comparison to labile organic additions. Carbon loss was greater in the C-rich sites (C content 58.0 g C/kg) than C-poor soils (C content 21.0–24.0 g C/kg), regardless of the quality of the applied organic resource. Biochar-applied, C-rich soil showed greater C losses, by >0.5 kg/m2.year, than biochar-applied C-poor soil, whereas the difference was only 0.1 kg/m2.year with Tithonia diversifolia green manure. Biochar application reduced the rate of CO2-C loss by 27%, and T. diversifolia increased CO2-C losses by 22% in the C-poor soils. With biochar application, a greater proportion of C (6.8 times) was found in the intra-aggregate fraction per unit C respired than with green manure, indicating a more efficient stabilisation in addition to the chemical recalcitrance of biochar. In SOC-poor soils, biochar application enriched aromatic-C, carboxyl-C, and traces of ketones and esters mainly in unprotected organic matter and within aggregates, as determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In contrast, additions of T. diversifolia biomass enriched conjugated carbonyl-C such as ketones and quinones, as well as CH deformations of aliphatic-C mainly in the intra-aggregate fraction. The data indicate that not only the stability but also the stabilisation of biochar exceeds that of a labile organic matter addition such as green manure.

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18

Tobo, Y., P. J. DeMott, T. C. J. Hill, A. J. Prenni, N. G. Swoboda-Colberg, G. D. Franc, and S. M. Kreidenweis. "Organic matter matters for ice nuclei of agricultural soil origin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 7 (April 11, 2014): 9705–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-9705-2014.

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Abstract. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a~crucial process for forming ice-containing clouds and subsequent ice-induced precipitation. The importance for ice nucleation of airborne desert soil dusts composed predominantly of minerals is relatively well understood. On the other hand, the potential influence of agricultural soil dusts on ice nucleation has been poorly recognized, despite recent estimates that they may account for up to ∼25% of the global atmospheric dust load. We have conducted freezing experiments with various dusts, including agricultural soil dusts derived from the largest dust source region in North America. Here we show evidence for the significant role of soil organic matter (SOM) in particles acting as ice nuclei (IN) under mixed-phase cloud conditions. We find that the ice nucleating ability of the agricultural soil dusts is similar to that of desert soil dusts, but is reduced to almost the same level as that of clay minerals (e.g., kaolinite) after either H2O2 digestion or dry heating to 300 °C. In addition, based on chemical composition analysis, we show that organic-rich particles are more important than mineral particles for the ice nucleating ability of the agricultural soil dusts at temperatures warmer than about −36 °C. Finally, we suggest that such organic-rich particles of agricultural origin (namely, SOM particles) may contribute significantly to the ubiquity of organic-rich IN in the global atmosphere.

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19

Lu, Yan, and Hongwen Xu. "Effects of Soil Temperature, Flooding, and Organic Matter Addition on N2O Emissions from a Soil of Hongze Lake Wetland, China." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/272684.

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The objectives of this study were to test the effects of soil temperature, flooding, and raw organic matter input on N2O emissions in a soil sampled at Hongze Lake wetland, Jiangsu Province, China. The treatments studied were—peat soil (I), peat soil under flooding (II), peat soil plus raw organic matter (III), and peat soil under flooding plus organic matter. These four treatments were incubated at 20°C and 35°C. The result showed that temperature increase could enhance N2O emissions rate and cumulative emissions significantly; moreover, the flooded soil with external organic matter inputs showed the lowest cumulative rise in N2O emissions due to temperature increment. Flooding might inhibit soil N2O emissions, and the inhibition was more pronounced after organic matter addition to the original soil. Conversely, organic matter input explained lower cumulative N2O emissions under flooding. Our results suggest that complex interactions between flooding and other environmental factors might appear in soil N2O emissions. Further studies are needed to understand potential synergies or antagonisms between environmental factors that control N2O emissions in wetland soils.

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20

Boulos, Diia. "Predicting Soil Productivity Resulted from Organic Matter Addition by Using Neural Networks." Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 41, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2020.123803.

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21

Bulseco, Ashley N., Anne E. Giblin, Jane Tucker, Anna E. Murphy, Jonathan Sanderman, Kenly Hiller‐Bittrolff, and Jennifer L. Bowen. "Nitrate addition stimulates microbial decomposition of organic matter in salt marsh sediments." Global Change Biology 25, no. 10 (July 17, 2019): 3224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14726.

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22

Lai, Liming, Jianjian Wang, Yuan Tian, Xuechun Zhao, Lianhe Jiang, Xi Chen, Yong Gao, Shaoming Wang, and Yuanrun Zheng. "Organic Matter and Water Addition Enhance Soil Respiration in an Arid Region." PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2013): e77659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077659.

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23

FLORES, LOREA, AITOR LARRAÑAGA, JOSERRA DÍEZ, and ARTURO ELOSEGI. "Experimental wood addition in streams: effects on organic matter storage and breakdown." Freshwater Biology 56, no. 10 (July 14, 2011): 2156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02643.x.

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24

Urban, N. R., K. Ernst, and S. Bernasconi. "Addition of sulfur to organic matter during early diagenesis of lake sediments." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63, no. 6 (July 1999): 837–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00306-8.

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25

TAKAHASHI, Masahiro. "Effects of Addition of Urea on Organic Matter Decomposition in Matured Compost." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 77, no. 1 (2006): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.77.51.

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26

Yulianti, Titiek, Cece Suhara, and Nurul Hidayah. "Pengaruh Inkubasi Bahan Organik yang Diperkaya dengan Mimba Terhadap Keparahan Penyakit Rebah Kecambah." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 4, no. 2 (October 10, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bultas.v4n2.2012.68-75.

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<p>Penyakit rebah kecambah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani Kühn merupakan salah satu penyakit me-rugikan pada tanaman kapas. Jamur ini dapat bertahan sebagai saprofit di tanah dengan bahan organik se-bagai sumber energinya, sehingga keberadaan bahan organik terkadang dapat meningkatkan populasi R. solani meskipun aktivitas mikroba di sekitarnya juga meningkat. Namun penambahan bahan organik yang mengan-dung senyawa fungisidal seperti mimba diharapkan mampu menekan populasi R. solani. Penelitian ini ber-tujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh inkubasi bahan organik yang berasal dari pupuk kandang atau serbuk rajungan yang diperkaya dengan mimba terhadap keparahan penyakit rebah kecambah akibat R. solani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat yang disusun berdasarkan rancangan faktorial dalam kelompok dengan tiga ulangan yang terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah sumber bahan organik yang berasal dari (1) pupuk kandang ayam (PKA) atau (2) sapi (PKS) atau (3) serbuk kulit rajungan (SKR) diperkaya dengan serbuk biji mimba (SBM) dengan perbandingan 3:1. Bahan organik kemudian dicampur dengan tanah berpasir dengan perbandingan 9:1 (b/b), sebagai kontrol adalah tanah ber-pasir tanpa bahan organik. Faktor kedua adalah masa inkubasi bahan organik yang terdiri atas 1, 2, dan 3 bulan. Satu unit perlakuan adalah satu bak plastik berisi 5 kg tanah yang ditanami 25 biji kapas. Inokulasi 5 biji kapas yang terinfestasi R. solani ke dalam tanah dilakukan bersamaan dengan aplikasi bahan organik. Keparahan penyakit rebah kecambah dihitung pada hari ketujuh dan ke-14 setelah tanam dan populasi mikroba di tanah (bakteri, aktinomisetes, dan jamur) dihitung pada 1, 2, dan 3 bulan setelah aplikasi bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inkubasi PKA+SBM atau PKS+SBM selama 2–3 bulan dapat mengu-rangi infeksi R. solani dan kejadian penyakit rebah kecambah pada tanaman kapas yang disebabkan oleh R. solani karena meningkatnya populasi mikroorganisme (jamur, bakteri, dan aktinomisetes). Namun, penam-bahan SKR+SBM baik diinkubasi 1, 2, maupun 3 bulan belum meningkatkan populasi mikroba secara nyata dan tidak dapat mengurangi keparahan penyakit. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin lama masa inkubasi, dekomposisi bahan organik yang berasal dari PKA atau PKS+SBM menjadi lebih sempurna. Kondisi tersebut dapat menekan kejadian penyakit rebah kecambah melalui penekanan populasi R. solani akibat peningkatan populasi mikroba tanah. Dengan demikian, penambahan PKA+SBM atau PKS+SBM dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan R. solani asalkan sudah diinkubasi 2–3 bulan sebelum ditanami kapas.</p><p> </p><p>Damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is an important disease on cotton. The fungus survives as a saprophyte in soil with organic matter as its source of energy. Hence, the presence of organic matter could increase population of R. solani instead of the soil microbial activities in the vicinity. And yet, addition of organic matter with fungicidal activity such as neem was expected decrease population of R. solani. This study aimed to determine the effect of incubation period of some organic matters (farmyard manure or crab shell enriched with neem seed powder) on severity of damping off of cotton caused by R. solani. The organic matter was mixed with sandy soil at 9:1 (w/w). The test was arranged in factorial blocked design with three replicates. The first factor was source of organic matters i.e: (1) chicken manure: neem seed powder (nsp) 3:1; (2) cow manure: (nsp) 3:1; (3) crab shell powder: (nsp) 3:1; and (4) sandy soil without organic matter. The second factor was incubation period of the organic matter before cotton sowing (1, 2, and 3 months). Inoculation of five R. solani infested cotton seeds was done along with incorporation of organic matter. Damping off severity was counted at 7 and 14 days after sowing; population of soil microorganisms (bacteria, actino-mycetes, and fungi) was estimated 0, 1, 2, and 3 months. Incubation chicken manure+nsp or cow manure+ nsp for 2–3 months reduced damping off severity due to R. solani infection since population of microor-ganisms (fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes) increased. However, addition of crab shell+nsp incubated for 1, 2, or 3 months did not increase population of soil mikrobes significantly and did not reduce disease severity. This result of this study indicated that the more duration period of incubation, the more farmyard manure decomposed hence, damping off severity declined through reduction of population of R. solani due to increasing population of soil microbes. So, addition of farmyard manure could control R. solani as long as it has been incubated for at least 2–3 months before sowing.</p>

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Bruun, Sander, and Tarek EL-Zehery. "Biochar effect on the mineralization of soil organic matter." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 5 (May 2012): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000500005.

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The objective of this work was to verify whether the addition of biochar to the soil affects the degradation of litter and of soil organic matter (SOM). In order to investigate the effect of biochar on the mineralization of barley straw, soil was incubated with 14C-labelled barley straw with or without unlabelled biochar. To investigate the effect of straw on the mineralization of biochar, soil was incubated with 14C-labelled biochar with or without straw. In addition, to investigate the effect of biochar on old SOM, a soil labelled by applying labelled straw 40 years ago was incubated with different levels of biochar. All experiments had a control treatment, without any soil amendment. The effect of biochar on the straw mineralization was small and nonsignificant. Without biochar, 48±0.2% of the straw carbon was mineralized within the 451 days of the experiment. In comparison, 45±1.6% of C was mineralized after biochar addition of 1.5 g kg-1. In the SOM-labelled soil, the organic matter mineralized more slowly with the increasing doses of biochar. Biochar addition at 7.7 g kg-1 reduced SOM mineralization from 6.6 to 6.3%, during the experimental period. The addition of 15.5 g kg-1 of biochar reduced the mineralized SOM to 5.7%. There is no evidence of increased degradation of either litter or SOM due to biochar addition; consequently, there is no evidence of decreased stability of SOM.

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Lohr, Virginia I., and Caroline H. Pearson-Mims. "ORGANIC MATTER INCORPORATION AND IRRIGATION RATES FOR BEDDING PLANTS." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 716G—716. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.716g.

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The effect of organic matter addition and irrigation rates on the growth of bedding plants was found to vary with species. Marigold and sweet alyssum were field-grown with or without added peat moss under normal or 50 percent reduced irrigation. Regardless of organic matter treatment, marigolds with reduced irrigation were shorter than those with normal irrigation. Under normal irrigation, adding organic matter had no effect on height. Under reduced irrigation, incorporating organic matter was beneficial to marigolds: plants in these plots were 10% taller than plants under reduced irrigation without added organic matter. Sweet alyssum, a relatively drought-tolerant plant, was wider under reduced than under normal irrigation. It did not benefit from added organic matter: plants grown with added organic matter were 17% narrower than those without added organic matter, regardless of irrigation level. Blanket recommendations to add organic matter to conserve water should be avoided.

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Trum, Florence, Hugues Titeux, Jean-Thomas Cornelis, and Bruno Delvaux. "Effects of manganese addition on carbon release from forest floor horizons." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 3 (March 2011): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-224.

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Lignin concentration in organic residues largely controls their decomposition. Mn2+ may well play a key role in ligninolysis because it is a cofactor of manganese peroxidase, an enzyme of the lignin-degrading system. This study aims to investigate the effects of Mn2+ addition on forest floor horizon decomposition during laboratory incubation. Therefore, we sampled two distinct forest floors from European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) stands: a mor and a moder. Lignin and Mn concentrations in forest floor upper layer were significantly larger in moder than in mor. Three horizons from each forest floor were separately incubated with or without Mn2+ addition (250 mg Mn·kg dry matter–1) and the release of both CO2 and dissolved organic C was measured. The dissolved organic C release was not impacted by the Mn2+ addition, while a clear increase in CO2 release from specific horizons was observed. Our data suggest that the impact of the Mn2+ addition depends on (i) the forest floor type and on (ii) the organic matter decomposition stage.

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Agustini, Rika Yayu. "Effect on Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea) to Addition of Coal Bottom Ash and Organic Matter." AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v2i1.17.

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This study aims to determine the optimal dosage of bottom ash and organic matter which can increase the growth and yield of mustard plants. The study was carried out in the greenhouse of the Soil Physics Laboratory, Balai Penelitian Tanah, Laladon, Bogor from August 2015 to January 2016. The study used factorial complete randomized design (CRD). The first factor is the age of bottom ash (fresh, 4 months and 2 years). The second factor is the bottom ash dose with three levels, which are 0, 60 and 120 grams / pot (equivalent to 0, 40 and 80 tons / ha) and the third factor is the dose of organic matter with two levels, namely 0 and 15 grams / pot (equivalent to 0 and 10 tons / ha). The results showed that the addition of fresh bottom ash with a dose of 80 tons / ha and 10 tons / ha of organic matter significantly affected the plant height. While on the parameters of the number of leaves and fresh weight of mustard plant, the treatment that gives a significant effect is 10 tons / ha of organic matter. The best dose that can increase the growth and yield of mustard plants is fresh bottom ash with a dose of 80 tons / ha and 10 tons / ha of organic matter.

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Michael, Patrick S. "Soil fertility status and sweet potato cultivation in composted mounds under humid lowland tropical climatic conditions." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.43426.

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<p>The importance of organic matter addition in composted mounds in terms of nutrients status, nutrient uptake, and environmental impact under different climatic conditions need to be studied. This study was conducted to assess the importance of Cogon grass materials addition as organic matter in composted mounds used for sweet potato cultivation on selected sandy loam soil properties under humid lowland, tropical climatic conditions. A replicated trial with four treatments with or without organic matter or sweet potato plants was set in a completely randomized design. After 6 months, soil samples were collected from two profiles in each treatment and analyzed for selected soil physiochemical properties. Data collected from each profile was pooled, averages taken, and statistically analyzed. The results showed organic matter addition increased water holding capacity and electrical conductivity, lowered soil bulk density, pH, and soil organic carbon content. Cultivation of sweet potato in soil with or without organic matter amendment, in general, depleted nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium contents and increased phosphorous availability. This study showed the addition of Cogon grass materials as organic matter in composted mounds has implications for the production of sweet potato in sandy loam soil in the tropics.</p>

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Mitru, Daniel, Gheorghe Nechifor, Stefania Gheorghe, Iuliana Paun, Lucian Ionescu, Mihai Nita-Lazar, and Irina Eugenia Lucaciu. "The Romanian Map of Organic Pollution from Domestic Wastewaters � Seasonal Variations of Anionic Surfactants And Organic Load (COD)." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8071.

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Surfactants represent the major class of chemicals used in the composition of detergents where the predominant groups are anionic surfactants. Because of the large utilization of detergents in different activities (agricultural, industrial, domestic) an important amount of surfactants can accumulate in the domestic and industrial wastewaters, that are discarded to wastewater-treatment plants (WWTP). Furthermore, surfactants could affect the process of biological wastewater treatment due the inhibition of activated sludge and subsequently the water bodies quality through discharge of WWTPs` effluents. In addition, the soil quality decreased through various modes of sludge applied. The concentrations of organic matters discharged in the wastewater systems from Romania have raised the attention of environmental authorities regarding the toxic impact of their components such as anionic surfactants on the environment. The present paper proposed to highlight the background of organic pollution from Romania through the monitoring of the organics amount in water by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and by the specific indicator � Anionic Surfactants (AS). Temporal (winter, spring and summer, 2019) and spatial (six areas: West, North-West, North-East, East, South and South-West) monitoring of organic matter was performed. It has been found that the spatial and temporal variation of AS concentrations were well correlated with COD load, leading to the conclusion that surfactants represented an important part of the global organic matter.

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Yusminan, Yusminan, Hilwa Walida, Fitra Syawal Harahap, and Novilda Elizabeth Mustamu. "Comparison Of Jakaba Growth With The Addition Of Organic Matter In Rice Washing Water." International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) 2, no. 2 (May 17, 2022): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijse.v2i2.16.

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Jakaba (perennial luck mushroom) is a fungus derived from the fermentation of rice laundry water (leri). This fungus has the same physical shape as coral but has a fragile texture. This study aims to find out the growth of jakaba with the addition of organic matter in rice laundry water. The research was conducted in Padang Halaban village, Aek Kuo District, Labuhan Batu Utara Regency, North Sumatra. The research was conducted by mixing 1 liter of leri water with 400 grams of organic ingredients such as bran, banana peel and catfish feed Research was carried out by repeating each treatment as much as 6 repetitions with the parameters of salting, namely aroma, color, growth and diameter of jakaba. Based on observations, it is known that the growth of jakaba fungus occurs on the 12th day to the 15th day with the largest jakaba diameter which is 52.9 mm (P2) and the smallest is 40.25 mm (P1). The addition of other organic matter to leri water gives a different aroma and color of jakaba to each treatment.

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Zulfakri, Zulfakri, Yusrizal Yusrizal, Angga Defrian, and Muhammad Nasir. "Perubahan Sifat Fisika Dan Kimia Tanah Pada Lahan Kering Akibat Perlakuan Bahan Organik dan Kapur Dolomit." Rona Teknik Pertanian 14, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v14i2.23159.

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Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat fisika dan kimia tanah pada lahan kering akibat perlakuan bahan organik dan kapur dolomit. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 (dua) faktor yang terdiri dari kapur dolomit pada taraf 0 ton/ha, 0,8 ton/ha dan 1,6 ton/ha, dan bahan organik pada taraf 0 ton/ha, 6 ton/ha dan 12 ton/ha dengan 3 (tiga) kali pengulangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan bahan organik mampu memperbaiki sifat fisika dan kimia tanah dimana stabilitas agregat, porositas total, C-organik dan pori drainase cepat menjadi meningkat serta mampu menurunkan bulk density dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan bahan organik.CHANGES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL ON DRY LAND DUE TO ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DOLOMIT LIMEAbstract. This research was conducted to determine changes in physical and chemical properties of soil on dry land due to the application of organic matter and dolomite lime. This study used factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 2 (two) factors, namely dolomite lime at levels 0, 0.8 and 1.6 tons/ha, while organic matter at levels 0, 6, and 12 tons/ha. with 3 (three) repetitions. The results showed that the organic matter treatment was able to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil in which the total porosity, aggregate stability, fast drainage pores and organic C were increased and were able to decrease the bulk density compared to without the addition of organic matter.

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Welti, N., E. Bondar-Kunze, M. Mair, P. Bonin, W. Wanek, G. Pinay, and T. Hein. "Mimicking floodplain reconnection and disconnection using <sup>15</sup>N mesocosm incubations." Biogeosciences 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2012): 4263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4263-2012.

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Abstract. Floodplain restoration changes the nitrate delivery pattern and dissolved organic matter pool in backwaters, though the effects these changes have are not yet well known. We performed two mesocosm experiments on floodplain sediments to quantify the nitrate metabolism in two types of floodplains. Rates of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and anammox were measured using 15N-NO3 tracer additions in mesocosms of undisturbed floodplain sediments originating from (1) restored and (2) disconnected sites in the Alluvial Zone National Park on the Danube River downstream of Vienna, Austria. DNRA rates were an order of magnitude lower than denitrification and neither rate was affected by changes in nitrate delivery pattern or organic matter quality. Anammox was not detected at any of the sites. Denitrification was out-competed by assimilation, which was estimated to use up to 70% of the available nitrate. Overall, denitrification was higher in the restored sites, with mean rates of 5.7 ± 2.8 mmol N m−2 h−1 compared to the disconnected site (0.6 ± 0.5 mmol N m−2 h−1). In addition, ratios of N2O : N2 were lower in the restored site indicating a more complete denitrification. Nitrate addition had neither an effect on denitrification, nor on the N2O : N2 ratio. However, DOM (dissolved organic matter) quality significantly changed the N2O : N2 ratio in both sites. Addition of riverine-derived organic matter lowered the N2O : N2 ratio in the disconnected site, whereas addition of floodplain-derived organic matter increased the N2O : N2 ratio in the restored site. These results demonstrate that increasing floodplains hydrological connection to the main river channel increases nitrogen retention and decreases nitrous oxide emissions.

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Kwok, Sun. "Chemical Enrichment of the Solar System by Stellar Ejecta." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131400516x.

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AbstractSpectroscopic observations of evolved stars have shown signatures of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. This suggests that complex organics with chemical structures similar to those of insoluble organic matter (IOM) found in carbonaceous meteorites are made in stars. This raises the possibility that in addition to known pre-solar grains such as silicon carbide, organic star dust may also have traveled across the Galaxy to the Solar System.

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Fuentes-Lema, Antonio, Henar Sanleón-Bartolomé, Luis M. Lubián, and Cristina Sobrino. "Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the metabolism of bacterial communities from coastal waters." Biogeosciences 15, no. 22 (November 20, 2018): 6927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6927-2018.

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Abstract. Microcosm experiments to assess the bacterioplankton's response to phytoplankton-derived organic matter obtained under current and future ocean CO2 levels were performed. Surface seawater enriched with inorganic nutrients was bubbled for 8 days with air (current CO2 scenario) or with a 1000 ppm CO2 air mixture (future CO2 scenario) under solar radiation. The organic matter produced under the current and future CO2 scenarios was subsequently used as an inoculum. Triplicate 12 L flasks filled with 1.2 µm of filtered natural seawater enriched with the organic matter inocula were incubated in the dark for 8 days under CO2 conditions simulating current and future CO2 scenarios, to study the bacterial response. The acidification of the media increased bacterial respiration at the beginning of the experiment, while the addition of the organic matter produced under future levels of CO2 was related to changes in bacterial production and abundance. This resulted in a 67 % increase in the integrated bacterial respiration under future CO2 conditions compared to present CO2 conditions and 41 % higher integrated bacterial abundance with the addition of the acidified organic matter compared to samples with the addition of non acidified organic matter. This study demonstrates that the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels can impact bacterioplankton metabolism directly, by changes in the respiration rate, and indirectly, by changes on the organic matter, which affected bacterial production and abundance.

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Paranita, A., B. S. Rahardja, and Prayogo. "Effect of probiotics addition on total organic matter and survival rate of catfish (Clarias sp.) maintenance using recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1036, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1036/1/012089.

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Abstract Most catfish farmers do not make efforts to manage water quality. This causes high organic matter. Therefore, water management is carried out through the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). Continuous use of water in the RAS system causes filter performance to decrease, so technological improvements are needed with the addition of probiotics. The research was conducted on 22 February – 23 March 2021 at the Chemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga to determine the influence of probiotic additions on the RAS system total organic matter and the survival rate of catfish.The study was conducted experimentally using RAL by adding different doses of probiotics, namely P0 (Control), P1 (0.5 ml/L), P2 (1 ml/L), P3 (1.5 ml/L) and P4 (2 ml/L ) with four replays. Data analysis using ANOVA and DMRT showed that the addition of probiotics in the RAS system has an effect (p<0.05) on total organic matter and survival rate. Organic matter was highest at P2 (46.89 mg/L) and lowest at P2 (34.07 mg/L). Survival rates were highest at P2 (85%) and lowest at P0 (71.25%).

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Liu, Jun, Nana Wu, Hui Wang, Jianfei Sun, Bo Peng, Ping Jiang, and Edith Bai. "Nitrogen addition affects chemical compositions of plant tissues, litter and soil organic matter." Ecology 97, no. 7 (July 2016): 1796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-1683.1.

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Chen, Z. J., S. C. Geng, J. H. Zhang, H. Setälä, Y. Gu, F. Wang, X. Zhang, X. X. Wang, and S. J. Han. "Addition of nitrogen enhances stability of soil organic matter in a temperate forest." European Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12404.

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Wang, Jun-Jian, Yina Liu, Richard D. Bowden, Kate Lajtha, André J. Simpson, Wan-Ling Huang, and Myrna J. Simpson. "Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Alters the Composition of Soil-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 4, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00262.

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Walker, H. "Stability of particle flocs upon addition of natural organic matter under quiescent conditions." Water Research 35, no. 4 (March 2001): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00333-x.

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St. Luce, Mervin, Joann K. Whalen, Noura Ziadi, and Bernie J. Zebarth. "Net nitrogen mineralization enhanced with the addition of nitrogen-rich particulate organic matter." Geoderma 262 (January 2016): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.017.

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Zhang, Zhiyuan, Wenfeng Wang, Jiaxin Qi, Huanyuan Zhang, Feng Tao, and Renduo Zhang. "Priming effects of soil organic matter decomposition with addition of different carbon substrates." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 3 (August 14, 2018): 1171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2103-3.

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Liu, Hongfei, Xiaomei Yang, Guobin Liu, Chutao Liang, Sha Xue, Hao Chen, Coen J. Ritsema, and Violette Geissen. "Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil." Chemosphere 185 (October 2017): 907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064.

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Nowinski, Nicole S., Susan E. Trumbore, Edward A. G. Schuur, Michelle C. Mack, and Gaius R. Shaver. "Nutrient Addition Prompts Rapid Destabilization of Organic Matter in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem." Ecosystems 11, no. 1 (November 17, 2007): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9104-1.

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Chaker, Rayda, Hadda Ben Mbarek, Abir Ben Ammar, Sameh Maktouf, Chaker Mbadra, Jalel Bouzid, and Kamel Gargouri. "Prediction of CO2 emission from arid soil after addition of exogenous organic matter." Journal of Arid Environments 210 (March 2023): 104920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2022.104920.

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Jílková, Veronika, Allan Sim, Barry Thornton, and Eric Paterson. "Grass rather than legume species decreases soil organic matter decomposition with nutrient addition." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 177 (February 2023): 108936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108936.

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Yulianto, Erwin, Andi Murlina Tasse, and Rahman Rahman. "PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN SISIK NAGA (Drymoglosum pilloselloides) TERHADAP KECERNAAN IN VITRO KONSENTRAT BERBAHAN PAKAN FERMENTASI." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis 2, no. 1 (May 15, 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v2i2.3814.

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This study aims to know the effect of addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour on in vitro digestibility of consentrates made from fermentation feed. The treatments consist of concentrates ware added Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour 0% (R0), 0,05% (R1), 0,1% (R2), and 0,15% (R3). Experimental design was used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. This study was conducted during four weeks in Animal Science Department, of Animal Science Faculty, of Haluoleo University. The average of water content of each treatment was 15,50% ± 2,56% (R0), 16,17% ± 0,32% (R1), 17,80% ± 1,57% (R2) and 16,83% ± 1,58% (R3), ash content was 25,90% ± 0,72% (R0), 21,40% ± 0,52% (R1), 20,07% ± 0,25% (R2) and 18,50% ± 0,53% (R3), dry matter digestibility was 81,33% ± 1,00% (R0), 81,73% ± 0,49% (R1), 82,27% ± 0,91% (R2) and 81,40% ± 0,10% (R3), organic matter digestibility was 81,70% ± 1,31% (R0), 83,90% ± 1,59% (R1), 83,17% ± 0,90% (R2) and 82,50% ± 0,46% (R3). The result of analysis of variance not showed that addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour 0%, 0,05%, 0,10% and 0,15% significant effect (P>0,05) on water content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. While concentrates with addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour 0%, 0,05%, 0,10% and 0,15% significant effect (P<0,05) on ash content. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were higher than normal range that usually be given to animal. Therefore concentrates with addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour no decreased dry matter and dry organic digestibilities.Key Words: Drymoglosum pilloseloides, fermented feed, dry matter digestibilityThis study aims to know the effect of addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour on in vitro digestibility of consentrates made from fermentation feed. The treatments consist of concentrates ware added Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour 0% (R0), 0,05% (R1), 0,1% (R2), and 0,15% (R3). Experimental design was used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. This study was conducted during four weeks in Animal Science Department, of Animal Science Faculty, of Haluoleo University. The average of water content of each treatment was 15,50% ± 2,56% (R0), 16,17% ± 0,32% (R1), 17,80% ± 1,57% (R2) and 16,83% ± 1,58% (R3), ash content was 25,90% ± 0,72% (R0), 21,40% ± 0,52% (R1), 20,07% ± 0,25% (R2) and 18,50% ± 0,53% (R3), dry matter digestibility was 81,33% ± 1,00% (R0), 81,73% ± 0,49% (R1), 82,27% ± 0,91% (R2) and 81,40% ± 0,10% (R3), organic matter digestibility was 81,70% ± 1,31% (R0), 83,90% ± 1,59% (R1), 83,17% ± 0,90% (R2) and 82,50% ± 0,46% (R3). The result of analysis of variance not showed that addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour 0%, 0,05%, 0,10% and 0,15% significant effect (P>0,05) on water content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. While concentrates with addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour 0%, 0,05%, 0,10% and 0,15% significant effect (P<0,05) on ash content. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were higher than normal range that usually be given to animal. Therefore concentrates with addition of Drymoglosum pilloseloides flour no decreased dry matter and dry organic digestibilities.Key Words: Drymoglosum pilloseloides, fermented feed, dry matter digestibility

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Hoyle, F. C., and D. V. Murphy. "Microbial response to the addition of soluble organic substrates." Soil Research 45, no. 7 (2007): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06012.

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Abstract:

Soil microbial activity is often limited by the absence of readily available carbon (C) based substrates. Addition of a range of soluble organic substrates to soil has been shown to either accelerate or constrain the rate of CO2-C evolution. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of the microbial population to become activated in response to small additions of glucose-C (10–50 µg C/g soil) and 19 other soluble organic substrates (30 µg C/g soil) in soil either amended or not with cellulose. Rapid utilisation (equivalent to 25–35%) of added glucose was demonstrated in an initial flush of respiratory activity measured as CO2-C. However, the cumulative amount of respired C in 23 days indicated no additional release of CO2-C from the native soil organic matter (SOM) following application of glucose to soils, and a highly variable secondary phase of C mineralisation distinct from the initial glucose mineralisation phase. Although several C substrates resulted in the evolution of ‘extra’ CO2-C, no obvious association was observed between the response and the chemical structure of each substrate.

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