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Hossain, Mohamed Sarwar. "Effect of organic amendments on soil atmosphere." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31236.
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Gaseous movement in soil varies with soil's physicochemical properties and biochemical oxygen demand. Diffusivity patterns of four different types of soil (sand, silt, sandy silt, and clay) were examined and sand have shown the highest rate of diffusivity increase with the decreasing soil moisture content. Raw cow manure was then added to the sandy soil at four different rates 0, 20,40, and 80 Mg/ha. Depletion of soil oxygen and changes of carbon dioxide and ammonia for different concentrations were compared against the control. The oxygen depletion or carbon dioxide and ammonia accumulation reached the highest level at initial 16 hour followed by gradual reversal to a steady state. A significant amount of oxygen depletion was noticed with the different concentration levels. Oxygen depletion had shown an oscillatory behavior towards zero. Among different concentrations that of 40 Mg/ha showed the highest oscillatory behavior, but the shortest time was required to recover its original oxygen level. Thus the 40 Mg/ha application of organic matter is seems to be the optimum level for sandy soil.
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Jiang, Anping. "Ammonia recovery from digested dairy manure as nitrogen fertilizer." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/a_jiang_010509.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2010). "Department of Biological Systems Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Kar, Abhijit. "Productive potentiality and economic viability of locally available organic manures in the Jhora fed carp culture of Darjeeling hills." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1099.
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Cicek, Harun. "Optimizing the nitrogen supply of prairie organic agriculture with green manures and grazing." Elsevier, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23852.
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Grazing and no-till management in organic systems have been recently proposed tools to improve nutrient cycling and sustainability. From 2008 to 2012 a series of field experiments were established to identify green manure species and green manure management options to maximize N benefit to following cash crops and explore the opportunities to reduce tillage during the green manure phase of an organic rotation. A total of four green manure systems (double-cropped green manures, relay-cropped green manures, full season green manures, and catch crops after grazed full season green manures), three green manure management options (soil incorporation, grazing and no-till), and 10 green manure species, as well as, three green manure mixtures were tested. Double-cropped pea (Pisum sativum cv. 40-10) and relay-cropped red clover (Trifolium pratense) produced around 900 kg ha-1 and 2000 kg ha-1 of biomass respectively. The greatest biomass producing full season green manures were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), pea/oat (Avena sativa cv. Leggett/Pisum sativum cv. 40-10) and sweet clover (Mellilotus officinalis cv. Norgold). Pea/oat and hairy vetch were the most weed competitive species and on average contained less than 15% weed biomass. Among all the systems and managements tested, nitrogen availability was greatest when full season green manures were grazed. On average grazing increased soil NO3-N by 25% compared to soil incorporation using tillage. Among grazed species, pea/oat mix and hairy vetch green manures resulted in the greatest amount of soil available NO3-N. Catch crops after grazing green manures, regardless of the species, significantly reduced N leaching risk compared to no catch crop treatment, but also reduced wheat productivity the following year. Catch crop biomass productivity and N uptake, soil NO3-N, and wheat productivity were similar in direct seeded and conventionally seeded plots. Grazing may be an effective tool in reducing tillage in organic agriculture because of its ability to accelerate the N mineralization from catch crop biomass. This study was the first study to use grazing as a management tool for green manures in organic systems. Results provide strong evidence that green manures, especially when grazed, can be effective nitrogen suppliers in organic grain based rotations.
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Vikas, Vishaw [Verfasser]. "The Impact of Organic Manures on the Soil Quality. A study on Organic Nutrition in Crop Rotation of Okra-Dhaincha-Broccoli / Vishaw Vikas." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207000302/34.
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Ro, Sophoanrith [Verfasser]. "Potential of organic manures in rainfed lowland rice-based production systems on sandy soils of Cambodia / Sophoanrith Ro." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1199005363/34.
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Fentabil, Mesfin Mesganaw. "Modeling the process of nitrogen extraction from manures and in conversion to nitrate in liquid organic fertilizer production system /." [Beersheba, Israel] : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 2009. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/FentabilMesfinMesganaw.pdf.
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Teklay, Tesfay. "Organic inputs from agroforestry trees on farms for improving soil quality and crop productivity in Ethiopia /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005122.pdf.
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Elfstrand, Sara. "Impact of green manure on soil organisms : with emphasis on microbial community composition and function /." Uppsala : Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200723.pdf.
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Santos, Neto Antônio Rosalvo dos. "Adubação nitrogenada em clones de batata-doce : comportamento agronômico, bioquímico e uso do nutriente pela planta." Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6556.
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Due to the need to define a dose of nitrogen agronomic and economically suitable for the cultivation of sweet potato in the state of Sergipe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root yield, starch and ethanol in sweet potato clones analyzed from nitrogen. The study was conducted between the months of March and August 2012 at the Experimental Farm |Campus Rural da UFS|, located in the municipality of São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. We used a randomized complete block randomized in a 5x3 factorial design with three replications, testing five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha-1), using as a source of N as urea (45 % N), and three clones of sweet potato (Brazlândia Branca, IPB-075 and IPB-149). The commercial cultivar Brazlândia Branca was considered as a witness. The crop was harvested at 150 days after planting, by quantifying the total biomass productivity and roots, the dry matter content
of the roots, the total dry mass and root biomass, nitrogen content in biomass and roots, the crude protein content in biomass and roots, the accumulation of nitrogen in the biomass of shoots and roots, harvest index, physiological efficiency, efficiency in production of tuberous roots, the recovery efficiency of the utilization efficiency nitrogen, starch content, the starch and yield of ethanol. All clones in this study reached values higher than the national average yield of root yield (11,84 Mg ha-1). The productivity of the aboveground biomass of clones, respond to levels above the levels of nitrogen applied in the present study. A dose of approximately 130 kg ha-1 nitrogen provides maximum yields of total productivity of the tuberous roots of sweet potato clones. The physiological efficiency of recovery of nitrogen applied to the N utilization and efficiency of storage root production decreased with
increasing doses of N applied to all sweet potato clones evaluated, whereas the accumulation
of N in shoots and tuberous roots of clones IPB-149 and IPB-075 showed significant increases. The dose of 154 kg ha-1 N promotes greater production of total dry matter in storage roots of sweet potato clones. Clone sweet potato IPB-149 showed higher correlation between the use of nitrogen and root yield. With a dose between 120 and 210 kg ha-1 of nitrogen as urea can obtain maximum yields of starch and ethanol in the culture of sweet potato.Devido à necessidade de definir uma dose de nitrogênio agronômica e economicamente adequada para a cultura da batata-doce no estado de Sergipe. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produtividade de raízes tuberosas, amido e etanol em clones de batata-doce, analisadas a partir de doses de nitrogênio. O trabalho foi conduzido, entre os meses de março e agosto de 2012, na Fazenda Experimental Campus Rural da UFS , localizado no município de São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x3, com três repetições, testando cinco doses de N (0; 30; 60; 120 e 240 kg ha-1), empregando-se como fonte de N a ureia (45% N), e três clones de batata-doce (Brazlândia Branca; IPB-075 e IPB-149). A cultivar comercial Brazlândia Branca foi considerada como testemunha. A colheita foi realizada aos 150 dias após o plantio, quantificando-se a produtividade total de biomassa e raízes, o teor de matéria seca das raízes, a massa seca total de biomassa e raízes, o teor de nitrogênio na biomassa e nas raízes, o teor de proteína bruta na biomassa e nas raízes, o acúmulo de nitrogênio na biomassa da parte aérea e nas raízes, o índice de colheita, a eficiência fisiológica, a eficiência na produção de raízes tuberosas, a eficiência de recuperação, a eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio, o teor de amido, o rendimento de amido e de etanol. Todos os clones avaliados neste estudo alcançaram valores superiores ao rendimento médio nacional de produtividade de raízes tuberosas (11,84 Mg ha-1). A produtividade da biomassa da parte aérea dos clones avaliados, respondem a níveis acima das doses de nitrogênio aplicadas no presente estudo. A dose de aproximadamente 130 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio proporciona rendimentos máximos de produtividade total de raízes tuberosas pelos clones de batata-doce. A eficiência fisiológica, de recuperação do nitrogênio aplicado, a de utilização do N e a eficiência de produção de raízes tuberosas diminuíram com o aumento das doses de N aplicadas, para todos os clones de batata-doce avaliados, enquanto que, o acúmulo de N na parte aérea e nas raízes tuberosas dos clones IPB-075 e IPB-149 apresentaram incrementos significativos. A dose de 154 kg ha-1 de N favorece a maior produção de massa seca total de raízes tuberosas nos clones de batatadoce. O clone de batata-doce IPB-149 proporcionou maior correlação entre o uso de nitrogênio e a produtividade de raízes. Com a dose entre 120 e 210 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio na forma de ureia pode-se obter rendimentos máximos de amido e de etanol na cultura da batatadoce.
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Navarro, Arenas Miriam. "Desarrollo, estabilidad y eficacia de biofertilizantes para la mejora del cultivo de plantas de tomate y maíz." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/674013.
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El aumento de la población mundial en las últimas décadas, junto con la disminución de las tierras cultivables, ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de aumentar la producción agrícola para satisfacer la creciente demanda de alimentos de la población. Además, los fertilizantes químicos, utilizados en exceso, conllevan un uso excesivo de recursos limitados del planeta y una contaminación ambiental. En este sentido, el uso de microorganismos en agricultura ha demostrado ser beneficioso, reduciendo estas problemáticas y mejorando el crecimiento de los cultivos. Por estos motivos, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo el desarrollo y ensayo de biofertilizantes, definidos como insumos con una o varias especies de microorganismos, que aplicados a los cultivos mejoran la absorción de nutrientes, proveen de fitohormonas y/o regulan fitohormonas relacionadas con el crecimiento vegetal. Para ello, primeramente se ensayaron tres microorganismos en plantas de tomate, y se demostró la eficacia de Pseudomonas fluorescens, como bacteria promotora del crecimiento vegetal, Azotobacter vinelandii, como bacteria fijadora de nitrógeno, y Bacillus megaterium, como microorganismo solubilizador de fósforo. Por este motivo, se formularon tres fertilizantes sólidos: Fertilizante 6-4-4 con mezcla de microorganismos, fertilizante P30 con B. megaterium y fertilizante N7 con A. vinelandii. Por otro lado, se formularon tres biofertilizantes líquidos: Materia orgánica con mezcla de microorganismos, Superamino (basado en aminoácidos) con mezcla de microorganismos y Vegtop (basado en materia orgánica y aminoácidos) con mezcla de microorganismos. En los biofertilizantes sólidos, la reducción de la humedad demostró estabilizar los microorganismos incorporados en los formulados durante un año. Por otro lado, los microorganismos incorporados en los formulados líquidos fueron estables cuando se adicionó glicerol como protector celular. Por último, los biofertilizantes obtenidos se ensayaron en cultivos. Los fertilizantes 6-4-4 con mezcla de microorganismos y P30 con
B. megaterium mostraron un aumento de la producción en plantas de tomate, independientemente de la dosis. Por otro lado, el fertilizante N7 con A. vinelandii consiguió un aumento de nitratos en el suelo cuando se ensayó en maíz. Además, el fertilizante de materia orgánica con mezcla de microorganismos en plantas de tomate fue el más eficaz, aumentando el rendimiento del cultivo y la calidad de los frutos. Los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes estudios demuestran que, por un lado, los formulados desarrollados mantienen la viabilidad de los microorganismos durante un año, y además, estos son efectivos en el cultivo de plantas de tomate, aumentando el rendimiento del cultivo y/o mejorando la calidad del fruto.
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Andrade, Andréia Patrícia. "Estoque e frações de carbono e atributos físicos em Nitossolo Vermelho relacionados à aplicação de esterco em sistemas de produção." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/585.
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Swine and poultry production consists one of the main activities with economic and social importance in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The intensive animal production systems produce large quantities of manure requiring a proper disposal. The impact of these materials in the soil depends on the conditions of use and the amounts added. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of swine manure and poultry litter on the total organic carbon contents, its distribution in aggregate and granulometric size fractions and changes in physical properties and water storage on Rhodic Kandiudox, in Concordia, SC. The areas analyzed had different uses and times of application of swine manure and poultry litter, namely: maize for silage (M7 years), maize for silage (M20 years); ryegrass (P3 years); ryegrass ( P15 years); perennial pasture (PP20 years); mate (EM20 years); native forest (NF) and native pasture with no manure application (P0 years). Soil samples were collected at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, were evaluated for total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), organic carbon associated to minerals (OCam), organic carbon contained in aggregates size fractions (C-aggregates). In the layer 0-5 cm humic substances were analyzed. The soil physical properties evaluated were bulk density, total porosity, macro and microporosity, aggregate stability, degree of flocculation, penetration resistance and water storage through curves of water retention. We carried out the Proctor test to determine maximum compaction. Values of TOC and POC were higher in native forest in the mean of the three layers. The largest stock of TOC was observed in P3 compared with other areas receiving animal manures, in the sum of three layers. The highest OCam values were observed in MN and P3, which differed from other areas. NM had the highest levels of C-aggregate of all treatments in all three classes of aggregates evaluated and M7 had the lowest levels. The application of animal manure did not increase levels of soil organic carbon. The use of animal manures and different use systems adopted reduced degree of flocculation of the clays and low macroporosity was observed in some of the evaluated areas. Nevertheless, we observed good physical condition related to soil structure, such as bulk density and penetration resistance. The soil use changed water retention curves in relation to MN. Areas with application of manure had higher water retention that MN, considering tensions between field capacity and wilting point. The amount of available water was lower than the ideal required by crops
Suinocultura e avicultura representam para Santa Catarina uma das principais atividades de importância econômica e social. Os sistemas intensivos originam grandes quantidades de estercos. O impacto no uso desses materiais no solo depende das condições de uso e das quantidades adicionadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de estercos de suínos e cama de aves no conteúdo de carbono orgânico total, sua distribuição nas frações granulométricas e em classes de agregados e nos atributos físicos e armazenamento de água de um Nitossolo Vermelho Eutrófico, em Concórdia, SC. As áreas analisadas abrangeram diferentes usos e tempos de aplicação de estercos de suínos e cama de aves, a saber: milho para silagem (M7 anos); milho para silagem (M20 anos); pastagem de azevém (P3 anos); pastagem de azevém (P15 anos); pastagem permanente (PP20 anos); erva mate (EM20 anos); mata nativa (MN) e pastagem nativa sem aplicação de estercos (P0 anos). As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm, sendo avaliados os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT), carbono orgânico particulado (COP), carbono orgânico associado aos minerais (COam) e carbono orgânico contido nos agregados (C-agregados). Na camada 0-5 cm foram analisadas as substâncias húmicas. Dentre os atributos físicos avaliou-se densidade, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade, agregação, grau de floculação, resistência à penetração e armazenamento de água através das curvas características de retenção de água no solo. Realizou-se o ensaio de Proctor para determinar valores de densidade máxima de compactação. Os estoques de COT e COP foram maiores na área de mata nativa na média das três camadas. O estoque de COT foi maior em P3 em relação as demais áreas que receberam estercos de animais, na soma das três camadas. Os maiores valores de COam foram observados na MN e P3, que diferiram das demais áreas. A MN teve os maiores teores de C-agregados de todos os tratamentos nas três classes de agregados avaliados e M7 teve os menores teores. As áreas com aplicação de estercos não evidenciaram aumento nos teores de CO do solo. As áreas com uso de estercos e diferentes sistemas de uso tiveram menor grau de floculação das argilas e foi observada baixa macroporosidade em algumas áreas avaliadas. Apesar disso, observaram-se condições físicas satisfatórias ligadas à estrutura do solo, como densidade do solo e resistência à penetração. O uso do solo alterou as curvas de retenção de água do solo em relação a MN. As áreas com aplicação de estercos tiveram maior retenção de água que MN nas tensões entre capacidade de campo e ponto de murcha permanente. A quantidade de água disponível ficou abaixo do ideal requerido pelas culturas
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Williams, Stephen. "Soil transformations of added organic matter in organic farming systems and conventional agriculture." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU083669.
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The aim of this work was to assay the effects of previous history of organic amendment to soils in the field on the ability of those soils to mineralise mustard, a non-legume green manure. Soil and 15N labelled mustard mineralisation was followed in laboratory microcosms. Volatilised N was assayed by direct acid trapping of N in glass fibre disks, followed by direct combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Animal manures, green manures and straw added to the soil in the field in the previous season, same season and for 7 years continuously did not significantly affect these soils' ability to mineralise mustard in microcosms. Nitrification and mineralisation were the dominant processes during the first 12 days of incubation. Volatilisation rates were 1000-fold lower than mineralisation or nitrification rates. Mustard N accounted for between 1-3% of the soil mineral N, whereas only a maximum of 0.01% of mustard N was volatilised over 24 days. Soils sampled at different times in the season decomposed mustard at similar rates at stimulated low spring temperatures. Nitrification rate was reduced 5-fold more than the mineralisation rate at 8oC. Straw incorporation for seven years did not affect the subsequent recovery of 15N enriched fertiliser or of 15N from labelled straw, by oil seed rape. 15N labelled fertiliser contributed up to 63% of the winter barley N. The labelled barley straw subsequently contributed 16% of the oil seed rape N in the absence of any applied fertiliser. Ploughing in straw in the autumn, in the absence of applied fertiliser had no yield penalty or effect on crop uptake, and may retain more mineral N in the upper soil layers, lessening the risk of leaching over the winter period. The results obtained here emphasise the importance of additions of organic materials to soil in supplying plant nutrients and minimising nutrient losses.
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Subair. "Reducing ammonia volatilization from liquid hog manure by using organic amendments." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22814.
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Considerable amounts of N can be lost from manure through NH$ sb3$ volatilization. Four laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of organic amendments on reducing NH$ sb3$ loss from liquid hog manure (LHM). The organic amendments used in these studies were sugar, sawdust and paper products including filter paper (FP), paper bag (PB), newsprint (NP) and pulp sludge (PS). Generally, organic amendments had significant effects on reducing NH$ sb3$ loss from LHM and their effectiveness increased with increasing addition rates. Sugar addition of 3% or higher could eliminate the NH$ sb3$ loss, depending on LHM properties and incubation conditions. The effectiveness of sugar, especially lower rates, decrease with time. The unrecovered NH$ sb4$ loss increased and manure pH decreased with the increase in sugar rates, indicating that the reduction in NH$ sb3$ loss due to sugar addition may have been caused by N immobilization and pH reduction. Sawdust addition reduced the NH$ sb3$ loss by as much as 20% compared to the control. The mixture of 5.5% sugar and 5% sawdust was more effective in reducing NH$ sb3$ loss than 5.5% sugar alone but, lower sugar rates were not similarly affected by sawdust addition. Addition of 5% FP, PB, NP and PS resulted in the decrease in NH$ sb3$ loss by as much as 40, 47, 37 and 29% in comparison to the non-amended manure. The unrecovered NH$ sb4 sp+$ loss and the loss of added C increased with increasing C addition, indicating that N immobilization may be the cause of the decrease in NH$ sb3$ due to paper product additions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Campos, Aloísio Torres de [UNESP]. "Análise da viabilidade da reciclagem de dejetos de bovinos com tratamento biológico, em sistema intensivo de produção de leite." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101909.
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campos_at_dr_botfca.pdf: 540232 bytes, checksum: a35a4cac7aab273cfb7389bf3d329beb (MD5)O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho econômico e a eficiência do tratamento biológico aeróbio, na redução e estabilização da matéria orgânica biodegradável, de dejetos líquidos de bovinos, visando a sua reciclagem na limpeza hidráulica das instalações dos animais (free stall) e sua posterior utilização nas áreas de produção de forragem. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas instalações do Sistema Intensivo de Produção de Leite (SIPL) da Embrapa - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite (CNPGL), situado no município de Coronel Pacheco, MG. Dois reatores com capacidade útil de 300 m3 cada um foram construídos para compor as unidades do processo de lodo ativado por batelada (LAB), com sistemas de aeração prolongada e intermitente. Esses reatores foram dimensionados para um tempo de detenção hidráulico de 24 dias, com diluição dos dejetos (fezes + urina) em água na proporção de 1:1. Em cada reator foi instalado um aerador-misturador submersível, regulados para períodos de aeração de nove minutos e não-aeração de 18 minutos. Uma motobomba de rotor aberto, com vazão de 60 m3/h, foi utilizada para reciclar o efluente tratado sobre os corredores dos galpões de confinamento free stall e promover a limpeza hidráulica dos dejetos, que retornam aos tanques de aeração por gravidade por meio de canaletas. A drenagem dos reatores foi processada por uma motobomba submersa, com vazão de 10 m3/h, conduzindo o efluente até as áreas de produção de forragem, por escoamento superficial. A caracterização dos efluentes foi realizada por meio de amostragens na entrada e no interior dos tanques de aeração, na saída da tubulação de irrigação e dos dejetos puros dos animais. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, temperatura, óleos e graxas, DBO total e solúvel, DQO total e solúvel, sólidos totais fixos e voláteis sólidos...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic performance and efficiency of an aerobic biological treatment on the reduction and stabilization of the biodegradable organic matter of the bovine liquid manure. This effluent will be recycled in the hydraulic cleaning of the facilities (free stalls) and utilized in grass production areas. This work was done in the Embrapa - milk production intensive system (MPIS) facilities in Coronel Pacheco, state of Minas Gerais. Two reactors with capacity of 300 m3 each were built as the activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) units with prolonged and intermittent aeration. These reactors were dimensioned for a hydraulic retention time of 24 days with wastewater (manure + urine) dilution in water on the proportion of 1:1. In each reactor a submerged aerator-mixer was installed, with aeration and non-aeration periods of 9 and 18 minutes, respectively. A motor-pumping equipment with open rotor and flow of 60 m3/h was used for recycling the treated effluent on the halls of the free stall confinement facilities and to promote hydraulic cleaning of the effluent that will return to the aeration tanks by gravity conducted by channel structures. The drainage of the reactors was processed by a submerged motor-pumping equipment with flow of 10 m3/h driving the effluent to the grass production areas throughout superficial disposal. Effluent characterization was done by collecting samples on the entrance and the interior of the tanks, on the gate of the irrigation tubulation and on the bovine pure manure. There were analyzed the following parameters: pH, temperature, oils and fats, soluble and total BOD, soluble and total COD, volatile and total solids, sedimented solids, ammonia and total nitrogen, potassium, total phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. To evaluate the economic performance of the system, the costs, the annual investments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Rick, Terry Lynn. "Phosphorus fertility in Northern Great Plains dryland organic cropping systems." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/rick/RickT1208.pdf.
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Maintaining phosphorus (P) fertility in northern Great Plains (NGP) dryland organic cropping systems is a challenge due to high pH, calcareous soils that limit P bioavailability. Organic P fertilizers, including rock phosphate (RP) and bone meal (BM) are sparingly soluble in higher pH soils. Certain crops species have demonstrated an ability to mobilize sparingly soluble P sources. Objectives of this project were to 1) evaluate the effect of green manure (GM) crops and organic P fertilizers on the P nutrition of subsequent crops, and 2) investigate P fertility differences between organic and non-organic cropping systems. A two-year cropping sequence was conducted on an organic farm in north-central Montana (mean pH=6.6; Olsen P=16 mg kgâ»Â¹). Spring pea (Pisum sativum L), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.), yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and tilled fallow were fertilized with 0, 3.1 and 7.7 kg P haâ»Â¹ as RP, grown to flat pod stage and terminated with tillage. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown on these plots in year two. Phosphorus uptake of winter wheat was enhanced (P>0.05) by RP following buckwheat only (P=0.02) at 7.7 kg P haâ»Â¹ compared to 0 P. Results indicate buckwheat can enhance P in a subsequent crop. A greenhouse pot experiment in a low P soil (Olsen P=4 mg kgâ»Â¹) consisted of four green manures; buckwheat, spring pea, wheat, and a non-crop control fertilized with 7.0 and 17.5 kg available P haâ»Â¹ as RP, 13.0 and 32.5 kg available P haâ»Â¹ as BM and 10 and 25 kg available P haâ»Â¹ as monocalcium phosphate (MCP). Green manures were harvested, dried, analyzed for nutrient content, and returned to pots. Pots were seeded with wheat. Phosphorus uptake in wheat following all crops was enhanced by MCP (P<0.05). Phosphorus uptake of wheat following buckwheat was enhanced by all P sources over the control. Buckwheat demonstrates the capacity to increase the availability of organic P fertilizers. Soil sampling of organic and non-organic no-tillage (NT) cropping systems was conducted in two separate studies to determine differences in P availability between management systems. Soil analysis determined available P tends to be lower in non-fertilized systems.
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Moberg, Dean Paul. "Cool season mineralization of recalcitrant organic nitrogen in manured soils /." Full text open access at:, 2008. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,620.
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Campos, Aloísio Torres de. "Análise da viabilidade da reciclagem de dejetos de bovinos com tratamento biológico, em sistema intensivo de produção de leite /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101909.
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Orientador: Widsney Alves Ferreira.Banca: Ademercio Antonio Paccola
Banca: Jorge de Lucas Junior
Banca: Rubens Carneiro Ulbanere
Banca: Roberto Maciel Cardoso
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho econômico e a eficiência do tratamento biológico aeróbio, na redução e estabilização da matéria orgânica biodegradável, de dejetos líquidos de bovinos, visando a sua reciclagem na limpeza hidráulica das instalações dos animais ("free stall") e sua posterior utilização nas áreas de produção de forragem. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas instalações do Sistema Intensivo de Produção de Leite (SIPL) da Embrapa - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite (CNPGL), situado no município de Coronel Pacheco, MG. Dois reatores com capacidade útil de 300 m3 cada um foram construídos para compor as unidades do processo de lodo ativado por batelada (LAB), com sistemas de aeração prolongada e intermitente. Esses reatores foram dimensionados para um tempo de detenção hidráulico de 24 dias, com diluição dos dejetos (fezes + urina) em água na proporção de 1:1. Em cada reator foi instalado um aerador-misturador submersível, regulados para períodos de aeração de nove minutos e não-aeração de 18 minutos. Uma motobomba de rotor aberto, com vazão de 60 m3/h, foi utilizada para reciclar o efluente tratado sobre os corredores dos galpões de confinamento "free stall" e promover a limpeza hidráulica dos dejetos, que retornam aos tanques de aeração por gravidade por meio de canaletas. A drenagem dos reatores foi processada por uma motobomba submersa, com vazão de 10 m3/h, conduzindo o efluente até as áreas de produção de forragem, por escoamento superficial. A caracterização dos efluentes foi realizada por meio de amostragens na entrada e no interior dos tanques de aeração, na saída da tubulação de irrigação e dos dejetos puros dos animais. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, temperatura, óleos e graxas, DBO total e solúvel, DQO total e solúvel, sólidos totais fixos e voláteis sólidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic performance and efficiency of an aerobic biological treatment on the reduction and stabilization of the biodegradable organic matter of the bovine liquid manure. This effluent will be recycled in the hydraulic cleaning of the facilities (free stalls) and utilized in grass production areas. This work was done in the Embrapa - milk production intensive system (MPIS) facilities in Coronel Pacheco, state of Minas Gerais. Two reactors with capacity of 300 m3 each were built as the activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) units with prolonged and intermittent aeration. These reactors were dimensioned for a hydraulic retention time of 24 days with wastewater (manure + urine) dilution in water on the proportion of 1:1. In each reactor a submerged aerator-mixer was installed, with aeration and non-aeration periods of 9 and 18 minutes, respectively. A motor-pumping equipment with open rotor and flow of 60 m3/h was used for recycling the treated effluent on the halls of the free stall confinement facilities and to promote hydraulic cleaning of the effluent that will return to the aeration tanks by gravity conducted by channel structures. The drainage of the reactors was processed by a submerged motor-pumping equipment with flow of 10 m3/h driving the effluent to the grass production areas throughout superficial disposal. Effluent characterization was done by collecting samples on the entrance and the interior of the tanks, on the gate of the irrigation tubulation and on the bovine pure manure. There were analyzed the following parameters: pH, temperature, oils and fats, soluble and total BOD, soluble and total COD, volatile and total solids, sedimented solids, ammonia and total nitrogen, potassium, total phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. To evaluate the economic performance of the system, the costs, the annual investments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Schrader, Manuel [Verfasser]. "Charge transport in organic photovoltaic cells / Manuel Schrader." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046203487/34.
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Guy, Ofer. "Entrapment of nitrogen from fowl manure extracts for fertigation in organic agriculture /." [Sede Boqer] : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 2006. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/GuyOfer.pdf.
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Balnytė, Skirmantė. "Agroecosystem Optimization by Crop Rotation, Catch Crop and Manure in Organic Farming." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20110902_143932-39161.
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To analyse the influence of crop rotations with a different ratio of nitrogen-fixing crops, catch crops and fertilisation with organic fertilisers on the following: 1. Soil enzyme activity; 2. Agrochemical properties of the soil and nitrogen balance; 3. Weed response; 4. Weed seed bank in the soil; 5. Crop yield and productivity.Agroekosistemų optimizavimo augalų kaita, tarpiniais pasėliais ir organinėmis trąšomis ekologinėje žemdirbystėje tyrimai vykdyti 2004–2009 m., Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto Bandymų stotyje, sertifikuotame ekologinės žemdirbystės lauke, karbonatingame sekliai glėjiškame išplautžemyje (IDg8-k) – Calcari-Epihypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-p-w-cc). Tyrimų hipotezė. Optimizuoti agroekosistemas ekologinėje žemdirbystėje galima taikant priemonių kompleksą: parenkant sėjomainas su skirtinga azotą fiksuojančių augalų dalimi, auginant tarpinius pasėlius bei tręšiant organinėmis trąšomis. Tyrimų tikslas – įvertinti agroekosistemų optimizavimo galimybes ekologinėje žemdirbystėje derinant sėjomainas su skirtinga azotą fiksuojančių augalų dalimi, auginant tarpinius pasėlius ir tręšiant organinėmis trąšomis. Tyrimų uždaviniai: Ištirti sėjomainų su skirtinga azotą fiksuojančių augalų dalimi, tarpinių pasėlių ir tręšimo organinėmis trąšomis įtaką: 1. dirvožemio fermentų aktyvumui; 2. dirvožemio agrocheminėms savybėms ir azoto balansui; 3. pasėlių piktžolėtumui; 4. dirvožemio armens užteršimui piktžolių sėklomis; 5. augalų derlingumui ir bendrosios energijos kiekiui. Mokslinio darbo naujumas. Ekologinės žemdirbystės sąlygomis kompleksiškai įvertintas sėjomainų su skirtinga azotą fiksuojančių augalų dalimi, tarpinių pasėlių bei tręšimo organinėmis trąšomis poveikis agroekosistemoms. Tai suteikia naujų žinių apie potencialaus dirvožemio derlingumo palaikymo, pasėlių ir dirvos piktžolėtumo kontrolės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Ünlü, Hüsnü Padem Hüseyin. "Organik domates yetiştiriciliğinde çiftlik gübresi,mikrobiyal gübre ve bitki aktivatörü kullanımının verim, kalite ve bitki besin maddeleri alımına etkileri /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01189.pdf.
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Tran, Dao. "Identifying risks associated with organic soil amendments: microbial contamination in compost and manure amendments." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27364.
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The application of animal manures to agricultural land as a soil organic amendment has been identified as an important route by which foodborne pathogens can enter the human food chain. Knowledge of the presence and incidence of key foodborne pathogens in manure is a vital first step in the establishment of sound and effective guidelines for management and prevention of contamination by manure. The work described in this thesis attempts to determine the persistence of pathogens when raw manures are directly applied to agricultural soils, and treated under thermophilic composting conditions. Results from this study indicated that the current conditions suggested by typical food safety guidelines are sufficient to reduce the population of enteric bacteria to levels that minimise risks associated with culturable cells in raw manure and finished compost. However, E. coli cells have the potential to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state and are undetected by culture-based monitoring methods, thus providing a false impression of the innate risk of the product. Prc, bamB and tolA, which are responsible for stabilising the cell membrane, were found to be essential genes required for surviving heat treatment at 55°C. In addition, the presence of relA and oxyR suggested that E. coli may use the VBNC state as an adaptive strategy for long-term survival to withstand multiple stresses, including heat stress. Entering the VBNC state with a strengthen cell envelope may help E. coli to survive prolonged heating during standard composting conditions. Successful resuscitation from the VBNC state was achieved in the presence of cell-free supernatant from actively growing E. coli MG1655. These results underline the importance of considering VBNC cells when evaluating the sanitary effect of the composting process. VBNC cells in composts could facilitate the persistence of pathogens in manure-amended soil and thus pose a risk of microbial contamination of fresh produce.
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Delve, Robert James. "Implications of livestock feeding management for soil fertility in smallholder mixed farming systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312167.
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Bavutti, Hamilton Roberto Fortes. "Isolamento, seleção e estudo de microrganismos ligninoliticos degradadores de chorume." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254741.
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Orientador : Lucia Regina DurrantTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer parâmetros para a degradação biológica de várias amostras de chorume obtidas de um aterro sanitário da região metropolitana de Campinas, determinar os tipos de microrganismos mais comumente encontrados nestas amostras e estudar o metabolismo dos mesmos. Inicialmente 323 linhagens foram isoladas utilizando-se o meio de cultura R2A. Estas linhagens foram testadas quanto a sua resistência frente a compostos tóxicos e crescimento sobre lignina. Foram realizados 8 experimentos mudando-se as características de cultivo e alguns parâmetros foram observados, tais como degradação de fenol, degradação de compostos tóxicos presentes no chorume, redução da demanda química de oxigênio (OQO) e diminuição da cor. 00 total delinhagens analisadas, 4 linhagens fúngicas mostraram-se mais adequadas para conseguir degradar os compostos altamente poluentes presentes no chorume. As linhagens 74, 100, 108 e 184 foram testadas e a linhagem 184 destacou-se como sendo a melhor em quase todos os testes. Uma linhagem bacteriana (254) também atingiu bons resultados em alguns testes e merece outros estudos. O máximo de redução da OQO foi conseguido pela linhagem 184 nos experimentos IV (51,8%) e V (50,4%). As melhores taxas de degradação do fenol também foram atingidos pela linhagem 184 nos mesmos experimentos (72,9% e 63,7% respectivamente). A linhagem 100 também apresentou bons resultados e reduziu a OQO em 36,8% no experimento 111e 38,6% no experimento IV. Quanto à degradação do fenol, a mesma linhagem conseguiu taxas de degradação de 50,1 % no experimento IV. O chorume não autoclavado serviu melhor aos experimentos, bem como a adição de glicose e extrato de leveduras como nutrientes de crescimento
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to stablish parameters for the biological degradation of several leachate samples from a Campinas region's municipal sanitary landfill, to determine the kínd of microorganisms commonly found on these samples and to study their metabolism. Initally 323 strains were isolated using R2A medium. These strains were tested to toxical compounds resistance and ability to growth on lignin. Degradation of total leachate compounds, phenol degradation, DOO reduction and colour reduction were analysed in eíght different culture conditions. Four (4) fungal strains were more prepared to degrade the highly toxical leachate compounds. Strains 74, 100, 108 and 184 were tested and the strain 184 appeared to be the best in almost ali the conditions. One bacterial strain (254) also showed good results in some tests and deserves a detailed study. The maximum of DOO reduction was reached by the 184 strain in the experiments IV (51,8%) and V (50,4%). The best rates of phenol degradation were also reached by the strain 184 in the same experiments (72,9% and 63,7% respectiveUy). Strain 100 also presented good results and reduced the DOO around 36,8% in experiment 111and 38,6% in experiment IV. The same strain degradaded about 50,1% of phenol in the experiment IV. Non sterilized leachate added with glucose and yeast extract was better metabolized compared to non-added and sterilized leachate
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
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Dogan, Evrim. "Organic Acid Production From The Organic Fraction Of Municipal Solid Waste In Leaching Bed Reactors." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608043/index.pdf.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of high-rate anaerobic digestion of high-solids organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) for the production of organic acids and alcohols in leaching bed reactors (LBRs). For this purpose, two different experimental set-ups, namely Set-1 and Set-2, were operated. In the Set-1, only OFMSW without paper was studied in two identical LBRs, whereas, four identical LBRs, fed with OFMSW with paper and cow manure in different proportions, were operated in the Set-2.
In this study, 50-60% of hydrolysis efficiency was achieved in the LBRs of Set-1, whereas this value was decreased to 20-25% in the LBRs of Set-2which was resulted from OFMSW containing cellulose and less volume of water addition in the Set-2. The mass of total volatile fatty acids (tVFA) production was found as 7000-9000 mg at the end of 80 days in the LBRs of Set-1, fed with OFMSW without paper, whereas it was 3000 mg at the end of 40 days in the LBR of Set-2, containing only OFMSW with paper. It was also observed that cow manure addition increased the amount of tVFA production in the LBR of Set-2. In conclusion, LBRs were found as alternative reactors for the degradation of OFMSW compared to completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in terms of rapid hydrolysis and acidification, which can result in high hydrolysis yield and tVFA production.
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Diouf, Aissatou. "Effect of Organic Amendments on Heavy Metal Distribution and Uptake in Vegetable Gardens in Senegal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73036.
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The major constraints to food production in West Africa are related to the lack of suitable lands. Consequently, farmers incorporate organic amendments and wastewater to improve their yields. Within some limits, such wastes enhance soil fertility and can improve its physical properties. However, the advantages of using organic waste as fertilizer and soil amendment should be assessed with possible environmental and toxicological impacts due to the potential presence of heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of organic amendments on heavy metal distribution in soils and vegetables in market gardens in Senegal. Organic amendments and soils samples were collected from four sites in eastern and southern Senegal. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties including particle size, total heavy metals, carbon content, nutrients, and pH. A sequential extraction procedure was conducted to determine heavy metal sinks. Results showed that sites were sandy in nature, low to medium in organic carbon content (8300 to 36600 mg kg-1), and had pH ranging from 5 to 7.9. The sequential extraction procedure showed that metals were distributed in the more stable soil fractions: Fe-Mn oxide, organic and residual. The highest soil metal concentrations in soils were found in Pikine and Rufisque sites. Plant samples were collected from these two sites and analyzed for total metal content. Results showed that all metal concentrations in soils, organic amendments, and vegetables were within the safe limits proposed by the World Health Organization, with the exception of Cd, Pb and Zn levels in vegetables.Master of Science
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Souza, Henrique Antunes [UNESP]. "Viabilidade de adubação da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ utilizando subproduto residual da indústria processadora de frutos da própria cultura." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96900.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A utilização de resíduos orgânicos, urbanos ou industriais, em áreas agrícolas pode ser justificada pela necessidade de um destino apropriado e reciclagem para esses materiais, visto que a quantidade gerada tem aumentado rapidamente com o tempo. É crescente o interesse dos governos, das instituições agronômicas e dos produtores rurais, por informações sobre o tema. A busca por novos insumos agrícolas é de muita importância para uma agricultura durável e viável. Diante disso, a utilização do subproduto da indústria de processamento de goiabas poderia substituir parcialmente a adubação mineral, tendo em vista o relativamente elevado teor de nutrientes contidos neste resíduo, diminuindo os impactos ambientais de seu acúmulo e reduzindo os custos de produção nas áreas frutícolas. Dada a escassez de informações na literatura e a importância do manejo adequado de resíduos orgânicos na agricultura, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do subproduto em um Argissolo, determinando-se as alterações químicas provocadas no solo, no estado nutricional das goiabeiras e na produção de frutos. O delineamento empregado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo as doses do subproduto (moído) iguais a: zero, 9, 18, 27 e 36 t/ha (peso seco). Foram feitas três aplicações: em 2006, 2007 e 2008. Houve incremento nas concentrações de P no solo; houve aumento dos teores foliares de N, Ca, Mg e Mn; a produção de frutos foi afetada positivamente no terceiro ano de condução do ensaio.
The use of organic waste, urban or industrial, in agricultural areas can be justified by the need for an appropriate destination and recycling for these materials, since the amount generated has increased rapidly with time. There are growing interest from governments, institutions and farmers, for information on the subject. The search for new agricultural inputs is of great importance to make agriculture sustainable and viable. Thus, the use of residue from processing industry guavas could partially replace the mineral fertilizer, relatively high nutrients content, reducing the environmental impacts of its accumulation and reducing the production costs. Taking into account information in the literature and the importance of a suitable management of organic residue in agriculture, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of application of the residue from the guava processing industry on Ultissol, by determining the chemical changes induced in the soil, the nutritional status and production of guava fruit. The experimental design randomized blocks with four replications, and treatments correspond five doses of the residue equal to: zero, 9, 18, 27 and 36 t/ha (dry weight). Three applications were made of waste: in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The residue increased concentrations of phosphorus in the soil, the guava plants higher levels of N, Ca, Mg and Mn, the fruit production was affected positively and significantly in the third year of the experiment.
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Eberhardt, Diogo Néia. "Phosphorus use efficiency in conservation agricultural system: impact of organic restitution." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-02042013-112744/.
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The tropical savannas cover an area of approximately 1,900 million ha second biome of Brazil. Phosphorus (P) is frequently a major or even the prime limiting factor for plant growth in the subtropical and tropical regions (highly weathered soils). Small-scale farming systems are fairly representative in Brazil, accounting for approximately 84.4% of Brazilian agriculture establishments and the conventional tillage being the common practice in the systems. The objective of this work was to study the dynamics of P in an agronomic experiment located in the Cerrado region, on the efficient use of P in conservation agricultural system: i) assessing soil spatial fertility variability of P, Ca, Mg, K and pH; ii) the C and P stock; and iii) characterizing of species of P by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The area of study is located at Cerrado biome (Brazilian neotropical savannas) in a clayey Oxisol classified as Haplic Ferralsol. The treatments are characterized by different agricultural practices (conventional tillage - CT; and no-tillage - NT), and the presence or not of cover crops (Brachiaria ruziziensis - a grass specie and Cajanus cajan - a leguminous specie) with maize (Zea mays). In the study of spatial variability the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The semivariograms were computed according to the spherical model for pH H2O, pH CaCl2, K, LogK, Ca and Mg. P and LogP were modeled using a nugget effect model. Even ~20 years after deforestation the spatial distribution of pH H2O, pH CaCl2, Ca, Mg and exchangeable K is influenced by the wood windrow burning that took place during deforestation. The spatial distribution of P was not affected by the windrow woods burning. In the study conducted to improve the understanding of the conservation agriculture impact in small-scale farming systems on soil C and P stocks in the 0-40 cm layer due to its importance in agrosystem management. The C stocks (up to 40 cm depth) in NT and MCr treatments were significantly superior. The P stocks varied between 0.63 and 0.91 t ha-1 and were not significantly different among the treatments. No-till treatment and MCr treatments were the only ones that showed gains carbon, where the accumulation was 2.67 and 2.91 t C ha-1 year-1, respectively. The highlight of MCr treatment shows the important role of legumes in carbon sequestering. In the study of soil organic P aiming to determine how the amounts and forms of organic phosphorus vary according to the tillage systems and cover crops used. The Po (PMonoester and PDiester) values determined by NMR were not different among the treatments. The levels of Po were higher than 59% of the total content of POlsen and the main changes in relation to P occurred in the topsoil. The values show that Po does not change (PMonoester and PDiester) among the treatments. The maintenance of the Po levels, no accumulation and loss, suggests that the availability of P is not necessarily linked to accumulation, but to the increase of fluxes between active pools.As savanas tropicais cobrem uma área de cerca de 1.900 milhões ha sendo o segundo bioma do Brasil. O fósforo (P) é frequentemente um grande ou mesmo o principal fator limitante no crescimento das plantas nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais (solos altamente intemperizados). Os sistemas agrícolas de pequena escala (agricultura familiar) são bastante representativos no Brasil, representando cerca de 85% dos estabelecimentos agropecuários e tendo como principal prática o preparo convencional do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica do P em um experimento agronômico localizado na região do Cerrado, sobre o uso eficiente do P em sistema agrícola conservacionista: i) a avaliação da variabilidade espacial da fertilidade do solo de P, Ca, Mg, K e pH ii) o estoque de C e P, e iii) a caracterização das espécies de P por 31P-RMN. A área de estudo está localizada no bioma Cerrado em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso. Os tratamentos são caracterizados por diferentes práticas agrícolas (preparo convencional - CT e plantio direto - NT), e a presença ou não de plantas de cobertura (Brachiaria ruziziensis e Cajanus cajan) com milho (Zea mays). No estudo da variabilidade espacial os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e geoestatística. Os semivariogramas foram calculados de acordo com o modelo esférico para pH H2O, pH CaCl2, K, logK, Ca e Mg. O P e LogP foram modelados usando um modelo de efeito pepita. Mesmo após ~ 20 anos do desmatamento, a distribuição espacial do pH H2O, pH CaCl2, Ca, Mg e K foi influenciada pela queima de madeira em leiras. A distribuição espacial de P não foi afetada pela queima da madeira em leira. No estudo realizado para melhorar a compreensão do impacto da agricultura conservacionista em sistemas agrícolas de pequena escala sobre os estoques de C e P no solo, na camada de 0-40 cm, os estoques de C nos tratamentos NT e MCr (milho + C. Cajan na linha) foram significativamente superiores. Os estoques de P variou entre 0,63 e 0,91 t ha-1 e não foram significativamente diferentes entre os tratamentos. O plantio e MCr foram os únicos tratamentos que apresentaram ganhos de carbono, onde o acúmulo foi de 2,67 e 2,91 t C ha-1 ano-1, respectivamente. O tratamento MCr mostra o importante papel das leguminosas no sequestro de carbono. No estudo do fósforo orgânico (Po) do solo com o objetivo de determinar como os teores e formas de Po variam de acordo com os sistemas de preparo e plantas de cobertura utilizadas. Os teores de Po (PMonoester e PDiester) determinados por RMN não foram diferentes entre os tratamentos. Os níveis de Po foram superiores a 59% do total do POlsen extraído e as principais alterações em relação ao PoOlsen ocorreu na camada superficial do solo. O Po (PMonoester e PDiester) determinado pela RMN não alterou entre os tratamentos. A manutenção dos níveis de Po sugere que a disponibilidade de P não está necessariamente ligada à sua acumulação, mas ao aumento dos fluxos entre as formas disponíveis (grupos ativos).
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Simonetti, Gianluca. "Mechanisms of soil organic matter protection and sequestration." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422238.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) protection processes have received much interest recently due to the possibility to enhance the carbon sink in agricultural soils with atmospheric CO2 reduction purposes. Further knowledge of these mechanisms is thus fundamental to promote effective C sequestration practices in terrestrial sinks, as recognized by Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol. In a long-term experiment established in the early 1960s in north-eastern Italy, we used a combination of physical fractionation and chemical extraction techniques aiming to isolate homogeneous pools of SOC. In particular we wet-sieved large macroaggregates into three aggregate-size classes (2000-250 μm, 250-53 μm and <53 μm) in contrasting soils (clay, sandy and peaty) fertilized with manure or mineral fertilizers. We analyzed the organic (OC) and humic (HC) carbon of each aggregate fraction, the molecular weight of the humic substances (HS) extracted, the HS functional groups by NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy and the porosity of the different aggregate fraction by MIP (Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry). The aims were to evaluate the protection processes in the different SOC pools isolated analyzing the effect of the different fertilization types on the aggregates, the organic matter distribution and to investigate the composition and role of HC as binding agent. The thesis is structured in four chapters. The first chapter is a review on the SOC topic, its protection processes and the analytical methods for its study. The second chapter focuses on aggregate distribution, OC, HC, HS gel filtration and the rule of HC as persisting binding agent. The third chapter had a qualitative description of C functional groups (NMR-DRIFT) in HS extracts from the different aggregate fractions. The final chapter had the correlation between the porosity of the different aggregate fractions and the different parameters measured in chapter II and III.I meccanismi di protezione del carbonio organico del suolo rappresentano un argomento di grande attualità poiché, attraverso di essi, si esplica l'azione di carbon sink indicata nelle politiche volte alla mitigazione dell'effetto serra. Una maggior conoscenza di questi processi è quindi fondamentale per promuovere strategie di sequestro efficaci, così come previsto dall'articolo 3.4 del protocollo di Kyoto. Per realizzare lo studio è stato effettuato,a partire da macroaggregati prelevati da una prova di lungo periodo, un frazionamento degli aggregati stabili all'acqua con l'obiettivo di isolare dei pool di carbonio omogenei e riconducibili a specifici meccanismi di stabilizzazione. Sono stati frazionati in questo modo differenti suoli (argilloso, torboso e sabbioso) trattati con letame e con fertilizzanti minerali, ottenendo tre classi di aggregati (2000-250 μm, 250-53 μm and <53 μm). È stato quindi determinato, per i diversi aggregati, il carbonio organico (OC) e umico (HC), le frazioni umiche a diverso peso molecolare (HS), i gruppi funzionali presenti nelle sostanze umiche (spettroscopia NMR e DRIFT) e la porosità degli aggregati (porosimetria a intrusione di mercurio MIP). L'obiettivo è stato quello di valutare l'effetto delle differenti tesi sull'aggregazione e sulla distribuzione del carbonio organico, nonché valutare il ruolo delle sostanze umiche quali agenti leganti persistenti. Più in generale si è cercato di studiare quali meccanismi di protezione governano le diverse frazioni di aggregati. La tesi è stata strutturata in quattro capitoli; il primo capitolo è una review sul carbonio organico del suolo, i suoi meccanismi di protezione e le relative tecniche di analisi. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato alla distribuzione del carbonio organico e umico negli aggregati, delle frazioni umiche a diverso peso molecolare nonché del ruolo del carbonio umico come agente legante persistente. Il terzo capito è incentrato sull'analisi qualitativa degli estratti umici dei diversi aggregati sulla base dei gruppi funzionali rilevati dall'analisi NMR e DRIFT. Il quarto capitolo analizza le correlazioni fra la porosità dei diversi aggregati e le caratteristiche quali-quantitative del carbonio umico.
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Izard, Erica Jean. "Seeking sustainability for organic cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains: legume green manure management strategies." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/izard/IzardE0807.pdf.
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Parajuli, Krishna Joshi. "Economic Impact Analysis of Mixed-Species Green Manure on Organic Tomato: Evidence from the Northeastern United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36108.
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With shifting preferences of consumers towards healthier food, organic food demand has been on the rise for the past two decades. This increased demand has created an opportunity for farmers to shift from conventional to organic production. However, there are risks and uncertainties associated with organic farming. The management of an organic farm in the absence of organic-based disease and pest suppressing strategies constrains farmers from adopting organic vegetable production. The use of cover crops to control soil-borne diseases and suppress weeds and other pests has increased because of its sustainable and environmental friendly nature. This study of the economic impact of the cover crops on organic tomato production in the three states Ohio, New York, and Maryland showed mixed results. In Maryland, mixed forage radish and hairy vetch was projected to have a net present value over 15 years that was $1.53 million higher than single species hairy vetch, assuming maximum adoption level of 50 percent. In New York, mixed rye and turnip gave the higher return with a net present value of $2.61 million. In Ohio, the highest projected return was from mixed hay compared to hairy vetch with a net present value of $3.12 million when used without adding compost amendments. In Maryland and New York when bare ground was also used as a control, only mixed forage radish and hairy vetch in Maryland produced better returns compared to bare ground. A probit regression assessing the factors affecting the decision to adopt mixed species green manure technology indicated that farmer experiences in organic production, farmer age, access to the internet access, and farmers’ perceptions about the benefits of using mixed species green manures were significant factors. Each variables and factors except age had a positive influence. Similarly, probit results for microbial inoculants indicated that education, gender, and access to the internet were significant determinants, and had a negative effect on the probability of adoption. Access to the internet was significant for both mixed species green manures and microbial inoculants but with opposite sign, positive for mixed species green manures and negative for microbial inoculants.Master of Science
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Barretto, Vitor Corrêa de Mattos [UNESP]. "Resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel na fertilidade do solo e no desenvolvimento de eucalipto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105180.
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Foram conduzidos experimentos em casa de vegetação e em condições de campo, com os seguintes objetivos: a) avaliar o efeito de doses de composto de resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel na fertilidade do solo, no desenvolvimento, na produção de matéria seca e na concentração e acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla; b) avaliar os efeitos da aplicação em diferentes épocas de dois resíduos da indústria de celulose e papel (lodo ativado e não decomposto e dregs + grits), no desenvolvimento das árvores, produção de madeira e acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As principais conclusões foram: a) A aplicação de composto de resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel (CRICP) propiciou ganhos em altura aos 60 dias após o plantio em colunas de PVC, em diâmetro do coleto e em produção de biomassa das plantas de eucalipto aos 120 dias. O CRICP resultou em aumento no valor de pH e nos teores de Ca e Mg do solo. Também elevou os teores de P, K e Na no solo. A concentração nas folhas e o acúmulo de P, K, Ca e S aumentaram com a aplicação do composto; b) Os resíduos da fábrica de celulose e papel são eficientes corretivos da acidez do solo. A aplicação de 8 t ha-1 de dregs + grits no plantio proporcionou maior crescimento em diâmetro e produção de madeira de eucalipto do que a aplicação de 15 t ha-1 de lodo ativado não decomposto. Essa dose e elevou os teores de Ca e Mg e a porcentagem de saturação por bases de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico para valores adequados para uma produtividade de madeira de 40 m3 ha-1 ano-1, aos 6,5 anos, quando aplicados no plantio ou três meses após o mesmo.
Experiments in greenhouse and field were carried out with the objectives: a) to evaluate the effect of industrial residues from pulp and paper mill compost rates on soil fertility, on development, on dry matter production and nutrient contents and accumulation in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone; b) to evaluate the application effects in different times of two industrial residues from pulp and paper mill (cellulose sludge and dregs + grits) on tree development, wood production and nutrient accumulation in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone. The main conclusions were: a) the industrial residues from pulp and paper mill compost (IRPPMC) application promoted increases on height at 60 days after planting, on stem diameter and on biomass production of eucalypt plants at 120 days. The IRPPMC increase the pH value and Ca and Mg soil content. The P, K, and Na soil content also increased. The P, K, Ca e S contents and accumulation in the leaves were increased with compost application; b) industrial residues from pulp and paper mill are efficient in the liming of soil acidity. The application of 8 Mg ha-1 of dregs + grits promoted major growth on diameter and on wood production of eucalypt that 15 Mg ha-1 of activated sludge in combination with chemical fertilizer application. This dose increased Ca and Mg and the base saturation of Red Latosol (Oxisol) to adequate values to reached 40 m3 ha-1 ano-1 wood productivity, at 6,5 years, when application was in the plantation or three months later.
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Filho, Josà de Souza Oliveira. "Biogas production and nutrient recovery from biodegradation of swine manure." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16866.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe production of renewable energy and fertilizer, through anaerobic biodegradation (AnBio) of waste from pig farming, presents itself as a strategic solution to minimize the negative effects associated with the large volume of manure generated in a small production space. However, further studies should be conducted to improve the understanding on the process and propose improvements. In this sense, this work was divided into three stages. In the first stage, a study was conducted to evaluate the changes that occur in organic matter and in organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of the solid fraction of pig manure (PM) using anaerobic bench-top reactors as a function of seven hydraulic retention times (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days of biodegradation) and compared with the raw manure. In the second stage, we developed a study of anaerobic co-digestion, in a semi-continuous reactor, using the PM and the industrial waste of tomato processing (WTP) at different mixing ratios, to improve the performance of digestion and establish the best ratio of the two substrates for the production of biogas and methane. The following proportions were used (% PM + % WTP): 10% + 90%, 20% + 80%, 30% + 70%, 50% + 50% and 40% + 60%. In the third stage, there was an innovative study to recover the N present in the digestate generated after AnBio, using semipermeable membranes made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) submerged in the material. This system consists of forcing the volatilization of N present in the digestate in the form of NH3 and then recover it in an acid solution of 1N H2SO4 flowing through the inside of the PTFE membrane. The N is recovered as the ammonium ion (NH4+), with potential for being used as fertilizer. Besides the digestate, raw pig manure (RPM) was used to compare the N recovery potential of both materials. The accumulation of the NH4+ formed was determined at nine sampling times (0, 7, 20, 30, 44, 54, 70, 79 and 93 hours). Based on the results obtained in the first stage, it was concluded that, during the digestion process, the organic matter of higher lability, represented by the carbon of the fulvic acid fraction and carbon oxidizable with 2.5 mL of H2SO4, was partially consumed, promoting the accumulation of recalcitrant organic matter at the end of the process. The contents of organic N and NH4+ reduced respectively by 45.2% and 54.2%, compared with their initial contents in the RPM, probably due to loss by volatilization. The P content reduced by 41.25% in relation to the initial content, due to the chemical precipitation of the inorganic fraction extractable in water with metallic cations within the reactor. In the case of co-digestion, increasing PM proportion to up to 30% of the feed mixture led to the maximum daily production of biogas (175 L) and the largest proportion of methane (60%). Amounts above 30% of manure in the mixture reduced biogas and methane production due to the increase of free NH3 concentration (272 mg L-1), which is toxic to most methanogens. As regards the recovery of N using PTFE membranes, it was observed that the recovery efficiency of the digestate was 12% higher compared with that observed in the RPM. Quantitatively, 4555 mg NH4+ could be recovered from the digestate in 93 hours of experiment, which can be used later as a source of N to agricultural crops.
A produÃÃo de energia renovÃvel e fertilizante, atravÃs da biodegradaÃÃo anaerÃbia (BioAn) dos dejetos da suinocultura, apresenta-se como uma soluÃÃo estratÃgica para minimizar os efeitos negativos associados ao grande volume de dejeto gerado em um reduzido espaÃo de produÃÃo. Contudo, mais estudos devem ser realizados para melhorar o entendimento do processo e propor melhorias. Nesse sentido, realizou-se este trabalho que foi dividido em trÃs etapas. Na primeira, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar as mudanÃas que ocorrem na matÃria orgÃnica e nas formas orgÃnicas e inorgÃnicas de nitrogÃnio (N) e fÃsforo (P) da fraÃÃo sÃlida do dejeto suÃno (DS), utilizando reatores anaerÃbios de bancada, em funÃÃo de sete tempos de retenÃÃo hidrÃulica (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias de biodegradaÃÃo) e comparados com o dejeto nÃo degradado. Na segunda etapa, desenvolveu-se um estudo de co-digestÃo anaerÃbia, em um reator semicontÃnuo, utilizando o DS e o resÃduo da indÃstria do processamento do tomate (RPT) em diferentes proporÃÃes de mistura, visando melhorar o desempenho da biodegradaÃÃo e estabelecer a melhor proporÃÃo dos dois substratos para a produÃÃo de biogÃs e metano. Utilizaram-se as seguintes proporÃÃes (% de DS + % de RPT): 10% + 90%, 20% + 80%, 30% + 70%, 50% + 50% e 60% + 40%. Na terceira etapa, realizou-se um estudo inovador visando recuperar o N presente no digestato gerado apÃs a biodegradaÃÃo, utilizando membranas semipermeÃveis de politetrafluoroetileno expandido (PTFE) submersas no material. Esse sistema consistiu em forÃar a volatilizaÃÃo do N presente no digestato na forma de NH3 e, posteriormente, recuperÃ-lo em uma soluÃÃo Ãcida de H2SO4 1N que circulava pelo interior da membrana de PTFE. O N foi recuperado na forma do Ãon amÃnio (NH4+), com potencial para ser utilizado como fertilizante. Utilizou-se alÃm do digestato, DS nÃo degradado, para comparaÃÃo do potencial de recuperaÃÃo de N dos dois materiais. A determinaÃÃo do acÃmulo de NH4+ formado foi realizada em nove tempos de amostragem (0, 7, 20, 30, 44, 54, 70, 79 e 93 horas). Com base nos resultados obtidos na etapa 1, concluiu-se que durante a biodegradaÃÃo, a matÃria orgÃnica de maior labilidade, representada pelo carbono da fraÃÃo Ãcido fÃlvico e carbono oxidÃvel com 2,5 mL de H2SO4, foi parcialmente consumida, promovendo o acÃmulo de matÃria orgÃnica recalcitrante no final do processo. Os conteÃdos de N orgÃnico e NH4+ reduziram respectivamente, 45,2% e 54,2% em relaÃÃo aos seus conteÃdos iniciais no dejeto nÃo degradado, devido, provavelmente, a perda por volatilizaÃÃo. O conteÃdo de P reduziu 41,25% em relaÃÃo ao seu conteÃdo inicial, devido à precipitaÃÃo quÃmica da fraÃÃo inorgÃnica extraÃvel em Ãgua com cÃtions metÃlicos no interior do reator. No caso da co-digestÃo, o aumento da proporÃÃo do DS atà o limite de 30% da mistura de alimentaÃÃo, proporcionou a mÃxima produÃÃo diÃria de biogÃs (175 L) e a maior proporÃÃo de metano (60%). Quantidades superiores a 30% de dejeto na mistura, reduziram a produÃÃo de biogÃs e metano devido ao aumento da concentraÃÃo de NH3 Livre (272 mg L-1) tÃxico a maioria dos microrganismos metanogÃnicos. No que se refere à recuperaÃÃo do N utilizando as membranas de PTFE, observou-se que a eficiÃncia de recuperaÃÃo no digestato foi superior em 12% em relaÃÃo ao observado no dejeto nÃo degradado. Em termos quantitativos, conseguiu-se recuperar 4555 mg de NH4+ proveniente do digestato durante 93 horas de experimento que poderÃ, posteriormente, ser utilizado como fonte de N para as culturas agrÃcolas.
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Mañón, Alfredo. "INTERACTION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS OF ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS AND PHYTASE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MINERAL METABOLISM OF REPLACEMENT PULLETS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/58.
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Effects of dietary supplementation with low levels of organic sources of trace minerals in place of normal levels of their inorganic salts and phytase on growth performance and mineral metabolism were evaluated in two studies using pullets of white and brown shell laying strains. The organic sources were proteinates of copper, iron, manganese and zinc and selenium yeast. A corn-soybean meal diet was fed alone, plus inorganic minerals or plus organic minerals, and with or without phytase in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. Twelve groups of 16 pullets, 2 weeks old, were used per treatment. Compared with inorganic minerals, feeding no mineral supplement or organic minerals significantly (P<0.05) decreased manure Cu, Fe and Zn for white pullets and Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn for brown pullets. Dietary phytase significantly reduced manure Fe, P and Ca for white pullets and Fe, Mn, Zn, P and Ca for brown pullets. Adding phytase to diets containing inorganic minerals reduced manure Zn concentration for white pullets and manure Fe, Mn, Zn, P and Ca concentrations for brown pullets. These studies indicate manure levels of trace minerals can be decreased by using low levels of organic mineral supplements and phytase in pullet diets.
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Barretto, Vitor Corrêa de Mattos. "Resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel na fertilidade do solo e no desenvolvimento de eucalipto /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105180.
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Orientador: Sérgio Valiengo ValeriBanca: Miguel Luís Menezes Freitas
Banca: Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Banca: Rinaldo César de Paula
Banca: Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz
Resumo: Foram conduzidos experimentos em casa de vegetação e em condições de campo, com os seguintes objetivos: a) avaliar o efeito de doses de composto de resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel na fertilidade do solo, no desenvolvimento, na produção de matéria seca e na concentração e acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla; b) avaliar os efeitos da aplicação em diferentes épocas de dois resíduos da indústria de celulose e papel (lodo ativado e não decomposto e dregs + grits), no desenvolvimento das árvores, produção de madeira e acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As principais conclusões foram: a) A aplicação de composto de resíduos de indústria de celulose e papel (CRICP) propiciou ganhos em altura aos 60 dias após o plantio em colunas de PVC, em diâmetro do coleto e em produção de biomassa das plantas de eucalipto aos 120 dias. O CRICP resultou em aumento no valor de pH e nos teores de Ca e Mg do solo. Também elevou os teores de P, K e Na no solo. A concentração nas folhas e o acúmulo de P, K, Ca e S aumentaram com a aplicação do composto; b) Os resíduos da fábrica de celulose e papel são eficientes corretivos da acidez do solo. A aplicação de 8 t ha-1 de dregs + grits no plantio proporcionou maior crescimento em diâmetro e produção de madeira de eucalipto do que a aplicação de 15 t ha-1 de lodo ativado não decomposto. Essa dose e elevou os teores de Ca e Mg e a porcentagem de saturação por bases de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico para valores adequados para uma produtividade de madeira de 40 m3 ha-1 ano-1, aos 6,5 anos, quando aplicados no plantio ou três meses após o mesmo.
Abstract: Experiments in greenhouse and field were carried out with the objectives: a) to evaluate the effect of industrial residues from pulp and paper mill compost rates on soil fertility, on development, on dry matter production and nutrient contents and accumulation in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone; b) to evaluate the application effects in different times of two industrial residues from pulp and paper mill (cellulose sludge and dregs + grits) on tree development, wood production and nutrient accumulation in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone. The main conclusions were: a) the industrial residues from pulp and paper mill compost (IRPPMC) application promoted increases on height at 60 days after planting, on stem diameter and on biomass production of eucalypt plants at 120 days. The IRPPMC increase the pH value and Ca and Mg soil content. The P, K, and Na soil content also increased. The P, K, Ca e S contents and accumulation in the leaves were increased with compost application; b) industrial residues from pulp and paper mill are efficient in the liming of soil acidity. The application of 8 Mg ha-1 of dregs + grits promoted major growth on diameter and on wood production of eucalypt that 15 Mg ha-1 of activated sludge in combination with chemical fertilizer application. This dose increased Ca and Mg and the base saturation of Red Latosol (Oxisol) to adequate values to reached 40 m3 ha-1 ano-1 wood productivity, at 6,5 years, when application was in the plantation or three months later.
Doutor
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Fisher, Scott E. "The Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Fertility and Productivity in Organic Farming Systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1319737408.
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Caramelo, Anaira Denise [UNESP]. "Uso da fração orgânica de lixo urbano como substrato de biodigestor e como matéria-prima para formação de mudas de quaresmeira (Tibouchina granulosa) com duas lâminas de irrigação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88288.
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A produção de lixo urbano está estreitamente relacionada com o crescimento populacional e industrial em todo o mundo, e o reaproveitamento desse resíduo torna-se uma alternativa eficaz para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Com o objetivo de caracterizar os resíduos orgânicos urbanos descartados por uma amostra populacional, avaliar a produção do biogás, biofertilizante, composto de lixo e os efeitos de adubações e irrigações para a formação de mudas de quaresmeiras (Tibouchina granulosa), realizou-se um experimento no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCAV/UNESP – Câmpus de Jaboticabal - SP, utilizando-se os seguintes tratamentos: 100% de lixo orgânico urbano; 75% de lixo orgânico urbano + 25% de esterco bovino; 50% de lixo orgânico urbano + 50% de esterco bovino; 10% de composto de lixo; 15% de composto de lixo; 20% de composto de lixo; adubação mineral e sem adubação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com 8 fertilizações, 2 lâminas de irrigação (80 e 100% da evapotranspiração) e 3 repetições. Da caracterização dos resíduos, verificou-se que 58% são orgânicos; o potencial de produção do biogás foi superior para o tratamento contendo lixo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino; o crescimento das plantas, quando associado à irrigação calculada para 100% da evapotranspiração de referência e substrato contendo lixo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino, apresentou altura, diâmetro do colmo, xii matéria seca da raiz e da parte aérea superiores aos demais tratamentos. O uso do resíduo orgânico urbano com 50% de esterco bovino aumentou o índice de produção de biogás, e o biofertilizante obtido atuou como condicionador, alterando as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo.
The production of urban waste is closely linked to population and industrial growth around the world, and recycle this waste becomes a very effective alternative for sustainable development. Aiming to characterize the organic waste discarded by a sample population, to evaluate the production of biogas, biofertilizer, compost and study the effects of fertilization and irrigation, an experiment was conducted at the Department Rural Engineering FCAV/UNESP - Campus of Jaboticabal – SP, using the following treatments: 100% Organic Waste Urban; 75% of Urban Organic Waste + 25% of cattle manure; 50% of Urban Organic Waste + 50% of cattle manure; 10% compost; 15% Composed of Junk; 20% compost; Mineral Fertilizer and Without Fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial with 8 fertilizations, two water slides (80 and 100% of potential evaporation) and three replicates. Of waste characterization, it was found that 58% are organic; the potential and the production of the biogas went superior to the treatment contends urban organic garbage with 50% of bovine manure, as well as for the growth of the plants, when associated to 100% of the evapotranspiration, presenting diameter of the stem, dry matter of the root and of the part aerial superiors to the others. The use of the urban organic residue with 50% of bovine manure increased the index of biogas production xiv and the obtained biofertilizer it acted as conditioning, altering the physical characteristics, chemistries and biological of the soil.
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Jahnke, Dênnis Silveira. "Cultivo orgânico de morangueiro em uma propriedade agrícola familiar." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3649.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do húmus de minhoca na produtividade e qualidade do morangueiro cultivar 'Camino Real', através da comparação de sua massa total de frutos, massa média por fruto e número total de frutos, e também dos sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix), utilizando diferentes estratégias de ação para utilização do húmus na cultura do morangueiro. O experimento foi realizado em propriedade localizada no município de Capão do Leão - RS, utilizando sistema de produção sob túnel baixo. As mudas foram adquiridas de viveiros chilenos, sendo transplantadas no dia 12 de maio de 2014. A primeira colheita se deu em 13 de agosto, noventa e dois dias após o transplante (DAT), estendendo-se até dezembro do mesmo ano. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com sete repetições por tratamento. Em cada um dos canteiros demarcou-se uma parcela de 4,5m de comprimento X 1,2m de largura compreendendo 36 plantas por parcela. Cada parcela foi subdividida em três sub-parcelas de 1,5m de comprimento X 1,2m de largura, totalizando 3 tratamentos. Cada parcela experimental foi composta de 12 plantas em uma área útil de 1,8m2 de canteiro. Os tratamentos testados foram: T1 (sem húmus de minhoca sólido na cova de plantio); T2(com húmus de minhoca sólido na cova de plantio) e T3 (com húmus sólido na cova de plantio e novamente 60 dias pós-plantio). O período de avaliação foi de agosto a dezembro de 2014. A utilização de húmus de minhoca no cultivo do morangueiro em sistema orgânico de produção foi satisfatória resultando em boa produtividade da cultura e frutos de ótima qualidade; ficando dentro do esperado para a cultivar e de acordo com outros trabalhos realizados em condições semelhantes.
The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of vermicompost on productivity and quality of strawberry 'Camino Real', by comparing its total fruit mass, average fruit mass and total number of fruits, and also the total soluble solids (° Brix), using different action strategies for the use of humus in the strawberry crop. The experiment was conducted on property located in Capao do Leao - RS, using the production system under low tunnel. Seedlings were acquired from Chilean nurseries and transplanted on May 12, 2014.The first harvest took place on August 13, ninety two days after transplanting (DAT), extending to December of the same year. It was used a randomized block design with seven replicates per treatment. In each site it was demarcated a portion of 4.5m X 1.2m width length beds comprising 36 plants per plot. Each plot was subdivided into three sub-plots 1.5m long x 1.2m wide, totalling 3 treatments. Each experimental plot consisted of 12 plants in an area of 1,8m2. The treatments were: T1 (without solid worm humus in the planting hole); T2 (with solid worm humus in the planting hole) and T3 (with solid compost in the planting hole and again 60 days after planting).The assessment period took place between August and December 2014. The use of vermicompost in strawberry crop in organic system was satisfactory, resulting in good crop yield and fruit of excellent quality; staying within the expected to grow and according to other studies conducted in similar conditions.
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Maleka, Koena Gideon. "Determination of yield and yield components of selected tomato varities in soil with different levels of cattle manure application." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/834.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Crop Science)) --University of Limpopo, 2012Organic tomatoes are increasingly popular with larger market acceptance since organic farming uses limited or no artificial chemicals. Application of organic fertilisers such as cattle manure has potential to boost organic tomato productivity particularly under low input farming systems. However, information is required on the optimum level of manure application on different tomato cultivars to help emerging tomato farmers in South Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the relative response of yield and yield components among selected determinate and indeterminate tomato cultivars using different levels of cattle manure. Two separate field experiments were conducted at the University of Limpopo during 2007 and 2008 using a split plot design with three replications. Two sets of tomato cultivars were included in which one set consisted indeterminate types (Money Maker, Ox Heart and Sweetie) and the other determinates (Roma and Floradade). Cultivars were assigned as the main plot treatments with six rates of manure (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 in gram per plant) applied as the subplot treatments to each set. Results indicated significant interactions (P ≤ 0.01) between indeterminate tomato cultivars and levels of manure applied for fruit yield and fruit size in both experiments. Plant height showed variation from 78 to168 cm in Experiment I and 87 to 176 cm in Experiment II. During Experiment I fruit number varied from 23 to 91 per plant and 23 to 97 in Experiment II. Significant differences were detected among determinate cultivars on fruit yield varying from 7928 to 3 4705 kg per hectare during Experiment I and 3 169 to 2 9840 kg per hectare during Experiment II. Overall, the best level of manure for maximum fruit yield and greater fruit size was achieved at 40 g per plant in the indeterminate cultivar Sweetie. Conversely, the best level of manure for maximum fruit yield was achieved at 30 g per plant in determinate cultivar Roma. Thus, to achieve maximum yield, tomato growers could apply 600 and 800 kg per hectare manure on the determinate and indeterminate tomato cultivars, respectively.
the National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Lee, Cheuk-hung, and 李焯雄. "The growth and mineral contents of vegetables treated with composed livestock waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212487.
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Junior, Clóvis José Bissi. "Cultivo da pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) irrigada submetida a diferentes formas de adubação (mineral e orgânica)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-21032012-094707/.
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No Brasil, a palmeira pupunha tem a região amazônica como seu habitat natural. Os frutos dessa palmeira, assim como o palmito, fazem parte da dieta alimentar dos povos da região Norte. Portanto, diante da relevância de seu cultivo, os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram avaliar os níveis de desenvolvimento vegetativo da pupunheira sob diferentes fontes de adubação (orgânica (esterco bovino e esterco suíno) e mineral), em condição irrigada. Buscou-se com isso, obter qual situação que fornecerá melhores condições de desenvolvimento vegetativo em termos de: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, tamanho da folha (comprimento da raqui), espessura da raqui e por fim número de folhas. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, na fazenda Areão, pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz ESALQ/USP, localizada no município de Piracicaba SP. Situada a uma altitude de 576 m acima do nível do mar cujas coordenadas geográficas são: 22° 42 30 latitude Sul e 47° 30 00 de longitude Oeste. O tipo de solo existente na área experimental é classificado como Terra Roxa Estruturada (Alfisolo), série Luiz de Queiroz, apresentando declividade média de 5%. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x4 com tratamentos dispostos em faixas totalizando 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Cada tratamento continha aproximadamente 175 plantas. Dispostas no espaçamento de 2 m entre linhas de plantio e 1 m entre as plantas. As covas tinham em torno de 0,3 m de profundidade. O sistema de irrigação empregado foi a microaspersão. No tratamento com adubação mineral, foram aplicados: 31,2 g de uréia, 181,46 g de super fosfato simples e 11,6 g de KCl por planta. Para aplicação do adubo orgânico (esterco bovino e suíno), tomou-se como base o o elemento fósforo (essencial para desenvolvimento de raízes), no caso de esterco suíno correspondeu a 8,54 kg planta-1 e no caso do esterco bovino correspondeu a 21,34 kg planta-1. As respostas da pupunheira aos tratamentos foram avaliados a cada 2 meses, a partir do plantio, mediante medições do desenvolvimento da cultura em todas as plantas úteis de cada parcela considerando-se as características conforme recomendações de Clement e Bovi (2000). Os itens avaliados foram: diâmetro do caule da planta (medido na região do colo da planta, aproximadamente de 10 a 15 cm acima do solo, com paquímetro); altura da planta (medida da base do tronco ao ponto de inserção da folha mais nova totalmente aberta, início da flecha); número de perfilhos por planta (feito por uma contagem simples). Assim que se iniciaram as avaliações foram analisadas planta a planta, num total de aproximadamente 700 palmeiras pupunha. As avaliações se estenderam durante o mês de julho/2010 a agosto/2011. De uma maneira geral, diante dos resultados obtidos, o tratamento que obteve melhor desenvolvimento foi o tratamento com aplicação de esterco suíno, em pelo menos 4 dos 5 itens avaliados (altura de planta, comprimento da raqui, diâmetro do caule e espessura da raqui). Pode-se dizer também que tanto a adubação mineral quanto o esterco bovino deram boas respostas dentro do experimento.In Brazil, the peach palm has the Amazon region its natural habitat. The palm fruits and palm hearts, is part of the people diet of the North region of Brazil. Therefore, given the importance of its growth, the main objective of this research were to evaluate the levels of vegetative development of peach palm under different sources of fertilizer (organic (cattle manure and swine manure) and mineral) under irrigated condition. So, was looked to get which situation will provide optimum conditions for plant growth in terms of: plant height, stem diameter, leaf size (length of rachis), rachis thickness and finally the leaves number. The experiment was carried out at the experimental site of the Department of Biosystems Engineering, on a farm belonged to the College of Agriculture \"Luiz de Queiroz\" - ESALQ / USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Located at an elevation of 576 m above sea level whose geographical coordinates are: 22 ° 42 \'30 \"South latitude and 47 ° 30\' 00\" west longitude. The soil type at the experimental area is classified as Structured Terra Roxa (alfisols) series Luiz de Queiroz, with an average slope of 5%. The adopted statistical design was in randomized blocks, in factorial scheme 4x4 with treatments arranged in strips totaling 4 treatments and 4 repetitions. Each treatment had 175 plants. Arranged in the spacing of 2 m between tree rows and 1 m between plants. The pits were around 0.3 m deep. The irrigation system was the microsprinkler. In the treatment with mineral fertilizer were applied: 31.2 g urea, 181.46 g of simple super phosphate and 11.6 g of KCl per plant. For the application organic fertilizer (swine and cattle manure) was followed by the element phosphorus (essential for root development) the sample of swine manure corresponds to 8.54 kg plant-1. In case of cattle manure sample corresponding to 21.34 kg plant-1. Responses of peach treatments were evaluated every 2 months from planting, through measurements of the development of the crop in all useful plants of each plot considering the characteristics as recommended by Clement and Bovi (2000). The items evaluated were: plant stem diameter (measured in the neck region of the plant, about 10 to 15 cm above the ground, with caliper), plant height (measured from the base of the trunk to the point of insertion of the youngest leaf fully open, beginning of the arrow), number of tillers per plant (made by a simple counting). Once started the evaluations were analyzed plant to plant, totaling approximately 700 peach palm. The evaluations were extended during the month of July/2010 to August /2011. In general, considering the results obtained, the treatment that had the best development was the treatment of swine manure application on at least four of the five items evaluated (plant height, spinal length, diameter and thickness of the spinal ). Both mineral fertilizer and the manure gave positive responses within the experiment.
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Manlay, Raphael. "Organic matter dynamics in mixed-farming systems of the West African savanna: a village case study from south Senegal." Diss., Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (ENGREF), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71623.
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Organic matter (OM) is a multi-purpose tool in West African smallholder mixed-farming systems, but its supply has been decreasing for several decades. To assess the viability of a mixed-farming system of south Senegal, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P; available in soil and noted POD) budgets (stocks and flows) were thus quantified.The village territory of the study showed a ring-like organisation with growing intensification of fertilization and cropping practices from the periphery (bush ring) to the compounds (compound fields).Stocks in plant and soil averaged 54.7 tC, 2.63 tN and 43.5 kgP ha 1 in old fallows. They were 97, 29 and 251 % higher than in the bush cropped fields, plant biomass accounting for nearly all of the rise. C, N and P amounts recorded in the soil of compound fields were higher than those of the bush field, but the increase was restricted mainly to the 0 10 cm layer. However, the rather weak response of local sandy soils to management can be interpreted only by reassessing the bio-thermodynamical signification of soil organic carbon cycling in the maintenance of the integrity of local agroecosystems.Manageable stocks of the whole village territory were estimated to 29.7 tC, 1.52 tN and 28.6 kgP ha 1 in 1997. Carbon was stored mainly in soil. Livestock, crop harvest and wood collecting were responsible for respectively 59, 27 and 14 % of the C uptake on the village territory. As a result, large C flows were set towards the compound ring (3.8 tC ha 1 y 1). N and P depletion of the system amounted to 4 kgN and 1 kgP ha 1 y 1, suggesting that the system was close to nutrient balance.Under current demographic growth rate, C depletion may reach 0.38 tC ha 1 y 1 and C demand may double during the next three decades. Without any intensification of farming practices, the viability of the system might soon be called into question.
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Ojong, Pascal. "Investigation of the effects of co-digesting of biodegradable waste and swine manure on the biogas process." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73444.
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Biomass and biomass-derived waste are important renewable energy sources which plays a vital role in greenhouse gas reduction from fossil fuel. Biomass can be degraded in a process known as anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas. Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide which is utilized as a renewable source of energy. This project was based on the investigation of AD process in Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB (NSR) a biogas facility in Helsingborg Sweden. A lab simulation of NSR digesters was conducted to evaluate the effects of swine manure on AD using two continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) R1 (control) and R2 with a working volume of 4L for 21 weeks. The study was divided into 4 periods and the investigation was carried out by increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) step wise from 2.5 to 3.6 gVSL-1day-1. To assess the effects of swine manure, the performance and stability of the reactors were monitored by collecting data from process parameters. These process parameters included biogas production, pH, volatile fatty acids, methane yield, methane content and organic solids (total and volatile solids). Increase in OLR resulted in increase biogas production in both reactors, however R2 with additional swine manure (15%) produced more biogas than R1. Methane yield was fairly stable during the experiment and had a similar trend in both reactors, but however R2 had a slightly higher average yield (730±60 mLCH4 gVS-1) than R1 (690±60 mLCH4 gVS-1) during the entire experiment. Increase OLR resulted in increase VFA in period 2; R2 with additional swine manure had a lower peak VFA concentration of 25 mM as compared to 33mM in R1. The characteristics of NSR substrate mix and swine manure provided a good buffering system (stable pH), and reactors were still running stably at 3.6 gVSL-1day-1. Furthermore swine manure was investigated to contain macro-nutrients and trace metals which might have enhanced the AD process in R2 containing more Co, Zn, Ni and Mo than R1. Since this investigation was a simulation, the waste mix used at NSR contained 7% swine manure, this made it difficult to give clearer conclusions about the effects of co-digestion of swine manure on the biogas process since the control (R1) had 7% swine manure. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, swine manure, substrate mix, organic loading rate, biogas production, methane yield, VFA, process parameters, CSTR.
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Ingold, Mariko Nadine [Verfasser]. "Effects of activated charcoal and quebracho tannins on the turnover of goat manure in irrigated organic agriculture of the subtropics / Mariko Nadine Ingold." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069696900/34.
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Sousa, Robson Alexsandro de. "Development of sorghum CV. BRS irrigated Ponta Negra with saline water and subjected to different doses of cattle manure and biofertilizers." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16179.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity of irrigation water and organic compound on the development in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] cv. BRS Ponta Negra. Therefore, three experiments were performed: the first, there was the effect of cattle manure and commercial biofertilizer Ative and irrigation with different salinity water in the sorghum plants; in the second there was the cattle manure doses (10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1) and the salinity of the irrigation water; and in the third, there was the use of liquid biofertilizer Ative doses (75, 150, 225 and 300 L ha-1 ) and salinity irrigation water. The plants were grown in pots containing 23 kg of sandy soil under greenhouse conditions. Salinity levels were 0.2; 2.0; 4.0; and 6.0 dS m-1, being used for its preparation is pond water with NaCl added in the first experiment; the second and third experiments with NaCl salts, CaCl22H2O and MgCl26H2O , the ratio of 7:2:1. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates in a factorial 4 x 3 in the first experiment; four replications, in a factorial 4 x 4, second and third experiments. The following variables were assessed: total dry matter; culms + sheath diameter; plant height; total leaf area; leaf succulence; bulk density leaf; sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the leaves and culms + sheath of plants; proline and carbohydrates in the leaves of plants. In addition to the soil analysis of the experiments. The results show the three experiments that salinity affected all variables, with beneficial cattle manure and biofertilizer, however, without reducing the deleterious effects of salts when applied through irrigation water.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo e compostos orgÃnicos, sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] cv. BRS Ponta Negra. Para isso foram realizados trÃs experimentos: no primeiro, verificou-se o efeito da aplicaÃÃo de esterco bovino e do biofertilizante comercial Ative e irrigaÃÃo com Ãgua de salinidades diferentes nas plantas de sorgo; no segundo, verificou-se as doses de esterco bovino (10, 20, 30 e 40 t ha-1) e a salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo; e, no terceiro, verificou-se o uso de doses de biofertilizante lÃquido Ative (75, 150, 225 e 300 L ha-1) e salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 23 kg de solo arenoso, em casa de vegetaÃÃo. Os nÃveis de salinidade foram 0,2; 2,0; 4,0; e 6,0 dS m-1, sendo que para a sua confecÃÃo utilizou-se Ãgua de aÃude adicionada com NaCl no primeiro experimento; no segundo e terceiro experimentos com sais de NaCl, CaCl22H2O e MgCl26H2O, na proporÃÃo de 7:2:1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetiÃÃes em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, no primeiro experimento; quatro repetiÃÃes, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, no segundo e terceiro experimentos. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variÃveis: matÃria seca total; diÃmetro do colmo; altura de plantas; Ãrea foliar total; suculÃncia foliar; massa especÃfica foliar; teores de sÃdio, potÃssio, cloro, cÃlcio, magnÃsio e fÃsforo no colmo + bainhas e limbos foliares das plantas; teores de prolina e carboidratos nas folhas de sorgo. AlÃm das anÃlises de solo dos experimentos. Os resultados evidenciam nos trÃs experimentos que a salinidade influenciou todas as variÃveis analisadas, apresentando efeitos benÃficos do esterco bovino e biofertilizante, no entanto, sem diminuir os efeitos deletÃrios dos sais quando aplicados atravÃs da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo.
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Antunes, Tayana Galv?o Sceiffer de Paula. "Influ?ncia do manejo da palhada de aveia-preta e tremo?o-branco sobre a fauna invertebrada do solo em ambiente de montanha." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1917.
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Aiming to obtain information to support the biodiversity management that enable sustainable production systems and ensure the quality of natural resources, this study contribute to increasing agricultural productivity based on the use of green manure in a sustainable manner, aiming to evaluate the behavior of winter green manures lupines albus, black oats and the consortium between those two in mountain environment, and the influence of the herbicide decomposition rate of straws from these plants and diversity and abundance of soil fauna. The experiment was conducted in the area of EscolaT?cnicaAgr?colaEstadualRei Alberto I, located in the Watershed Barrac?o dos Mendes, Municipality of NovaFriburgo, mountainous region on the state of Rio de Janeiro at an altitude of 1,065m. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four treatments: black oat, lupines albus, consortium and weeds, with four replications each, totaling 16 plots in the first stage of work, experiment 1. On the experiment 2, the plots were subdivided into two management systems, mechanical, where the plants were mowed and chemical, which occurred application of glyphosate herbicide, for the deposition of the straws on the ground. On the first part, productivity of green manure was evaluated, as well as the accumulation of nutrients and the epigaeous fauna associated to vegetation. The second part, after the management of the green manure, aimed the evaluation of mass loss of plant residues, epigaeous fauna and associated soil macrofauna. The main results showed that the lupine, single or consortium obtained satisfactory productivity, both in terms of biomass and the amount of accumulated nutrients, presenting potential for use in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro. The loss of mass of the residues was affected by the use of herbicide. The community of epigaeous fauna was not a good indicator because it didn?t suffer significant changes before or after the green manure management. The colembolas population was negatively afected by the herbicide. The soil macrofauna was more sensitive to the diferent forms of management, and the reduction of the density soil organisms could be observed up to 10 times when the plants were sprayed with herbicide. It was also noted the reduction on the macrofauna diversity. There was no difference in the chemical composition of the soil due to different covers and forms of management
Visando obter informa??es que ap?iem a proposi??o de manejos de gest?o da biodiversidade, que viabilizem sistemas de produ??o sustent?veis e garantam a qualidade dos recursos naturais, este estudo pretende colaborar com o aumento da produtividade agr?cola com base no uso da aduba??o verde, de forma sustent?vel. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento dos adubos verdes de inverno tremo?o-branco, aveia-preta e do cons?rcio entre os dois, em ambiente de montanha, e a influ?ncia do herbicida na taxa de decomposi??o das palhadas dessas plantas e na diversidade e abund?ncia da fauna do solo. O experimento de campo foi conduzido na ?rea da Escola T?cnica Agr?cola Estadual Rei Alberto I, localizada na Microbacia do Barrac?o dos Mendes, Munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, Regi?o Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a uma altitude de 1.065 m. O Delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos: aveia-preta, tremo?o-branco, cons?rcio e plantas espont?neas, com quatro repeti??es cada, totalizando 16 parcelas na primeira etapa do trabalho, etapa I. Na etapa II, as parcelas foram subdivididas em duas formas de manejo, mec?nico, onde as plantas foram ro?adas, e qu?mico, onde ocorreu aplica??o do herbicida glifosato, para a deposi??o das palhadas sobre o solo. Na etapa I, estudou-se a produtividade das plantas de cobertura, bem como o ac?mulo de nutrientes e a fauna ep?gea associada ?vegeta??o. Na segunda etapa, ap?s o manejo das plantas de cobertura, foi realizada a avalia??o da perda de massa dos res?duos vegetais, fauna ep?gea e macrofauna ed?fica associadas a esses res?duos. Como principais resultados, observou-se que o tremo?o, solteiro ou consorciado, obteve produtividade satisfat?ria, tanto em termos de fitomassa, quanto de quantidades de nutrientes acumulados, apresentando potencial para o uso na Regi?o Serrana do Rio de Janeiro. A perda de massa dos res?duos vegetais foi afetada com o uso de herbicida. A comunidade da fauna ep?gea n?o foi um bom indicador, pois n?o sofreu significativas modifica??es antes ou ap?s o manejo das plantas de cobertura. No entanto, as popula??es de col?mbolos foram afetadas negativamente pelo herbicida. J? a comunidade da macrofauna ed?fica se mostrou mais sens?vel ?s formas de manejo, sendo observada a redu??o da densidade dos organismos do solo ? metade e em at? 10 vezes, quando as plantas foram manejadas com herbicida. Observou-se tamb?m redu??o da diversidade da macrofauna. N?o houve diferen?a na composi??o qu?mica do solo em fun??o das diferentes coberturas e formas de manejo
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Devide, Antonio Carlos Pries. "Sistema Org?nico de Produ??o de Mandioca Consorciada com Milho e Caupi." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/505.
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Previous issue date: 2006-04-27Organic systems were evaluated for cassava root production directed to human comsuption in natura, at Serop?dica, Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro State. Treatments consisted of: cassava ('IAC 576-70') single cropping and its intercropped with corn ('Eldorado'), cowpea ('Mau?') or corn plus cowpea. The organic management was standardized and the experimental area was submitted to artificial irrigation. Several phenological features were considered in the evaluations relating all three species under cultivation. Green (immature) corn ears were harvested at the point requiered for fresh marketing. The cowpea was included to function as green manure being cut at flowering and left on the soil surface. Both (corn and cowpea) species were sown between cassava rows, in an alternate design, following the first weeding of the main crop (cassava). The cultivar IAC 576-70 showed suitability with respect to organic management averaging approx. 31 Mg.ha-? of marketable roots. No significant differences were detected between cassava single cropping and any of the intercropping tested systems. Thus, the corn crop represented potential for additional income to the growers. Yield of Eldorado corn averaged 18.125 ears.ha-? correspponding to 5,1 Mg.ha-?. The harvested ears measured 19,5 cm of length by 4,5 cm of basal diameter (mean values) reaching the requirements for marketing, despite a certain frequency of grain failures at the apical end. Residues coming from cowpea cutting brought about an input close to 12 Mg.ha-1, which meant an expressive contribution in nutrient elements, specially nitrogen (about 44 kg N.ha-1). The legume crop, in addition, completely covered cassava inter-rows demonstrating its potential for controlling erosion and weeds.
Foram avaliados sistemas org?nicos de produ??o de mandioca para consumo humano in natura (aipim de mesa), em Serop?dica, Regi?o Metropolitana do Estado do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os tratamentos consistiram de: monocultivo da mandioca (cv. IAC 576-70) e de seus cons?rcios com o milho (cv. Eldorado), com o caupi (cv. Mau?) e com milho+caupi. O manejo org?nico foi padronizado e a ?rea experimental foi artificialmente irrigada. Foram considerados nas avalia??es diversos par?metros fenol?gicos referentes ?s tr?s esp?cies cultivadas. Do milho, foram colhidas espigas verdes (imaturas) no ponto apropriado para comercializa??o como tal. O caupi foi inclu?do como adubo verde, cortado na flora??o e deixado na superf?cie do solo. Ambos os consortes ocuparam as entrelinhas da mandioca, de modo alternado, sendo semeados ap?s a primeira capina da cultura principal. A cultivar IAC 576-70 mostrou-se adaptada ao manejo org?nico, com produtividade m?dia em ra?zes de padr?o comercial pr?xima a 31 Mg.ha-?. N?o houve diferen?as significativas entre o monocultivo e os tr?s tipos de cons?rcio testados. Desse modo, a inclus?o do milho representou potencial de renda adicional ao produtor. A produ??o comercial da cv. Eldorado (m?dia) situou-se em 18.125 espigas.ha-?, o que correspondeu a 5,1 Mg.ha-?. Embora apresentando, com certa freq??ncia, falhas de grana??o na extremidade apical, as espigas foram adequadas para o mercado, medindo, em m?dia, 19,5 cm de comprimento por 4,5 cm di?metro basal. Os res?duos provenientes da ro?ada do caupi representaram um aporte de biomassa da ordem de 12 Mg.ha-?, com uma expressiva contribui??o em macronutrientes, sobretudo o nitrog?nio (cerca de 44 kg de N.ha-1). A leguminosa, em adendo, dominou e cobriu as entrelinhas da mandioca, demonstrando seu potencial de controle ? eros?o e plantas espont?neas.
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Siegfried, Konrad [Verfasser]. "Gaseous and leaching losses of carbon and nitrogen in irrigated organic farming of a coastal oasis in Oman : effects of manure quality and cropping system / Konrad Siegfried." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1010620703/34.
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Augusto, Karolina Von Zuben. "Caracterização quantitativa e qualitativa dos resíduos em sistemas de produção de ovos: compostagem e biodigestão anaeróbia /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99612.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jorge de Lucas JuniorBanca: Vera Maria Barbosa de Moraes
Banca: Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
Resumo: Objetivou-se a avaliação da produção e caracterização qualitativa de dejetos em sistemas de produção de ovos automatizado e convencional, bem como dos processos de compostagem e de biodigestão anaeróbia desses dejetos. Foram efetuadas quantificações diárias em conformidade com a rotina estabelecida na propriedade para os dois sistemas de produção. Para dejetos provenientes de sistemas automatizados encontrou-se uma produção de 0,10kg ave-1 dia-1 de matéria natural (MN) e 0,03kg ave-1 dia-1 de matéria seca (MS), para dejetos provenientes de sistemas convencionais armazenados sob as gaiolas de criação de galinhas por 260 dias a produção foi de 0,03kg ave-1 dia-1 (MN) e 0,025kg ave-1 dia-1 (MS) e quando avaliados com um dia de produção foi de 0,05kg ave-1 dia-1 (MN) e 0,02kg ave-1 dia-1 (MS). Após 90 dias de compostagem de dejetos de galinhas poedeiras, frescos (com e sem a adição de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e serragem) e armazenados por 260 dias (com adição de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e serragem), obteve-se redução de sólidos totais (ST) de 46,2%, 45,6% e 28,6%, respectivamente. Foram abastecidos biodigestores bateladas e contínuos com dejetos frescos e armazenados por 260 dias de galinhas poedeiras, ambos contendo 6% de ST e tempo de retenção hidráulica de 20 dias. Em ambas as fases, batelada e contínua, a maior produção de biogás foi para os dejetos frescos. As produções de biogás por kg de ST adicionados foram maiores para os biodigestores abastecidos com dejetos frescos, tanto em fase batelada quanto contínua (0,34m3. kg ST adicionados-1 e 0,45m3. kg ST adicionados-1, respectivamente) quando comparados com dejetos armazenados por 260 dias (0,28m3. kg ST adicionados-1 e 0,22m3. kg ST adicionados-1).
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate of the production and qualitative characterization of residues in conventional egg production and the automatic production system in commercial hen farms, composting and anaerobic bio-digestion. Daily quantifications were made in conformity to the routine management of the premises for the two production systems. In the automatic system the waste, production found was 0,10kg poultry-1 day-1 of natural matter (MN) and 0,03kg poultry-1 day-1 of dry matter (MS), wastes produced from conventional production system located under the cages of hens creation by 260 days, the production was 0,03kg poultry-1 day-1 (MN) and 0,025kg poultry-1 day-1 (MS) and when evaluated the daily production the waste found was 0,05kg poultry-1 day-1 (MN) and 0,02kg poultry-1 day-1 (MS). After 90 days of composting of poultry manure fresh (with and without the addition of sugar-cane pulp and sawdust) and stored by 260 days (with addition of sugar-cane pulp and sawdust), a reduction of total solids (TS) of 46,2%, 45,6% and 28,6%, was obtained respectively. Bio-digesters in batch and in daily load were supplied with fresh manure and stored by 260 days, both containing 6% of TS and hydraulic times' retention of 20 days. In both phases, batch and daily load, fresh manure was the largest producer of biogas. The biogas production per kg of added TS was larger for the bio-digestors supplied with fresh manure, both in batch phase and daily load (0,34m3. kg TS add-1 and 0,45m3. kg TS add-1, respectively) when compared with manure stored for 260 days (0,28m3. kg ST add-1 and 0,22m3. kg ST add-1).
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