Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organic manures

Academic literature on the topic 'Organic manures'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic manures"

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Shepherd, M. A. "Managing manures in organic farming." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013958.

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Knowledge of manure composition is important for farm nutrient management, either if importing manure onto a farm or transferring nutrients around the farm in ‘home produced’ manures. Many factors affect the nutrient content of the manure ready to spread onto the land (Smith & Frost, 2000): dietary input and quality, nutrient losses during housing and storage and additions of bedding material and/or water. There are many reports of average values for manures from conventionally raised livestock (e.g. Anon., 2000 for the U.K.). However, there are less data available for manures produced on organic holdings. It is probable that composition will differ from conventionally produced manures because of differences in diet and manure storage methods (composting and/or long-term storage). Therefore, we aimed to test this under U.K. conditions by analysing cattle manures from organic holdings for comparison with data on conventionally produced manures.
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Vipitha, V. P., and V. L. Geethakumari. "Evaluation of Different Organic Manure Mixtures in Vegetable Amaranth Cultivation." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v9i1.230.

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An investigation was conducted during 2009-2011 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, to develop bio-organic composite manures containing at least 3%N, with N:K ratio of 1:0.5, and to evaluate the effect of these manures on growth and productivity of vegetables. The investigation comprised three separate experiments, namely, formulation and quality evaluation of bio-organic composite manures, mineralization of bio-organic composite manures, and, crop response study. Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) was raised as a test crop for the study. Organic sources used in the preparation of bio-organic composite manures were:coir pith compost, poultry manure, neem cake, ground nut cake, ash, rock dust and microbial consortium. Five composite organic manures, satisfying the selection criteria (3%N, N:K ratio of 1:0.5), were identified for further investigation. Results of the crop response study revealed that among the bio-organic composite manures used, maximum yield was obtained under poultry manure (50g)+ground nut cake(30g)+rock dust(19g)+microbial consortium (1g), and this was on par with (i) coir pith compost(50g)+ground nut cake(35g)+ash(15g), and, (ii) poultry manure (50g)+ground nut cake(30g)+rock dust(20g).
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YEPTHO, AVITOLI K., A. K. SINGH, S. P. KANAUJIA, and V. B. SINGH. "Quality production of kharif onion (Allium cepa) in response to biofertilizers inoculated organic manures." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 82, no. 3 (March 12, 2012): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v82i3.15946.

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Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a highly nutrient responsive vegetable crop. In the light of fragmental information available on the response of kharif onion to biofertilizers enriched organic manures, a field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2006–08 on acidic kaolinitic Rhodustalf soil representing foothill conditions of Nagaland. Amongst different organic manures, poultry manure produced the highest response on bulb yield (21.18 tonnes/ha), followed by FYM (16.74 tonnes/ha), vermicompost (14.37 tonnes/ha) = pig manure (12.74 tonnes/ha). Incorporation of Azotobacter chroococcum into different organic manures failed to improvise any significant changes in bulb yield due to high initial microbial abundance in organic manures. Different growth-attributing characters followed the similar response. Poultry manure similarly registered highest nutrient uptake as kg/ha (26.39 N – 10.91 P – 55.96 K), followed by FYM (22.80 N – 9.10 P – 47.90 K) with Pig manure and vermicompost (15.08/16.72 N – 7.30/10.91 P – 51.02/55.96 K) displaying no significant difference. Economic analysis in terms of cost : benefit ratio supported these observations. These studies proposed that if organic manures possess enough initial microbial load, the biofortification of organic manures need not be exercised.
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Kurniawati, Ari, Maya Melati, Sandra Arifin Aziz, and Purwono Purwono. "Diversity of Functional Soil Microbes in Manures and Its Effect on Organic Mustard Green (Brassica juncea) Production." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 6, no. 01 (February 18, 2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.60-66.

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The application of organic fertilizer, especially manures, for crop production has long-term effects for soil nutrients availability and improvement of soil structure. The improvement of soil properties involves interactions of various types of microorganism in the soil. The research aimed to study the effects of different types of manures on the diversity of functional soil microbes and its effects on organic green mustard production. The experiment was conducted at IPB organic research field, Cikarawang, Darmaga, Bogor, from April to June 2015. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors; the first factor was types of manure, i.e. chicken, cow, and goat manures; the second factor was manure rates, i.e. 0 and 10 ton.ha-1, so there were six treatments in total, replicated three times. The results showed that chicken manure application resulted in a higher mustard green yield and soil-P content than application of goat manure. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures increased C-organic, N, K, and C/N ratio in soil significantly, but mustard green production was not affected. The diversity of microbe population of the soil treated with all types of manures was high. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures decreased the total number of microbes, but increased the number of cellulose-degrading microbes. The population of cellulose-degrading and phosphate-solubilizing microbes in the soil applied with cow manure was higher than those applied with the other manures.
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R, DEVARAJAN, and KRISHNASAMY R. "EFFECT OF ZINC ENRICHED ORGANIC MANURES ON RICE YIELD." Madras Agricultural Journal 83, May (1996): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01022.

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A pot experiment was conducted to study the influence of well decomposed organic manures, zine enriched (ZnE) organic manures, different levels of Zn on ADT-36 rice yield and organic carbon and available Zn content in post-harvest soils. Two types of soils were used for the pot experiment. The experiment was conducted adopting completely factorial randomised design. The results revealed that grain and straw yield of rice was associated with the application of ZnE organic manures I tha than the recommended level of organic manure @ 12.5 t ha-1. The enrichment of organic manures @ 1.25 mg Zn kg-1 increased the grain and straw yield to the tune of 26 per cent over on Zn application which showed the possibility of reducing fertilizer Zn rates. Among the ZnE organic manures, FYM+ GLM enriched with 1.25 mg Zn Kg increased grain yield markedly over organic manures @ 12.5 t.ha-1.
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ANWARUL ISLAM MONDOL, Abu Taher, Muhammad Khairul ALAM, Md HARUN-OR-RASHID, Md Akhter HOSSAIN CHOWDHURY, and Sharif AHMED. "UNVEILING THE NATURE OF CARBON DECOMPOSITION ON DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURE SOURCES: THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE REGIMES IN A SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE." Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment 56, no. 4(196)/2023 (February 2024): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/alse-564120.

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Organic sources are vital for crop nutrient management, but nutrient release from organic manure depends on temperature and other factors. We conducted a laboratory incubation study to investigate how temperature (15, 25, 35°C) affects the decomposition of common organic manure, which has not yet been explored in Bangladesh. The organic manures used in this study are poultry manure (PM), vermicompost (VC), bio-slurry (BS), cow dung (CD), water hyacinth compost (WHC) and rice straw compost (RSC), which were compared with a control treatment (only soil). Carbon mineralisation and CO2 emission from microbial respiration varied among organic manures and temperature regimes. The RSC- and WHC-treated soils had a higher C mineralisation than the other manures at 35°C. The mineralisation of C among the organic manures followed the order: RSC > WHC > CD > VC > BS > PM > control. Among the temperature regimes, C mineralisation followed the order 35°C > 25°C > 15°C. Manure mineralisation was associated with mineralisable C pools (carbon availability factor, Caf), and 16.4–36.5% organic C was released. Irrespective of temperature regimes, the highest easily mineralisable Caf was recorded in PM-amended soil, followed by VC-amended soil. RSC had the lowest Caf under all temperature regimes. The Caf values of all incubated manures were higher under a 35°C temperature regime. Compost preparation from organic manure and its utilisation as an integrated nutrient management component can play essential roles in mitigating climate change, reducing environmental degradation, and building more sustainable and resilient agrifood systems.
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Kumar, Vijay C., G. N. Gajanana, and B. Basavaraj. "Influence of Sources of Organic Manures on Availability of Micronutrients to Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana, Gaertn) in Alfisal." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2004): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.4.2.

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Field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil to know the periodic changes in DTPA extractable micro nutrients Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn with different sources of organic manures in conjunction with fertilizer were studied at 0-15 cm soil depth during finger mil;let growth. Application of organics alone or in combination with fertilizers significantly increased DTPA extractable micro nutrients when compared to NPK alone. Among the organic sources Farmyard Manure treated soil recorded maximum DTPA extractable micronutrients Zn,Fe,Cu, and Mn when compared to Green leaf manure and Vermicompost. With intensive cropping of high analysis fertilizer, soils are becoming deficient in micronutrients. Although some work has been reported in Punjab and other states on the effect of different sources of organic manures on the building up of nutrients and yield of crops, very little work has been done with respect to micro nutrient elements. The present studies were conducted to know the effect of different sources of organic manures on Micro nutrient availability in sandy loam soil in finger millet crop.
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Basnet, Manoj, Shanta Man Shakya, and Bandhu Raj Baral. "Response of organic manures on post harvest and soil nutrient restoration on cauliflower production." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 18 (May 12, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v18i0.19891.

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This study was conducted at Ilam Municipality-2, Nepal to determine the response of organic manures on post harvest and nutrient restorative effect of cauliflower. Five manures, viz., bansoon, mustard oil cake, poultry manure, farmyard manure, and vermi-compost were evaluated. The postharvest losses, vitamin C content and soil nutrient restorative behavior were significantly highest with vermi-compost as compared to other manures. The maximum vitamin C content of 10.92 mg/100 gm was found with vermi-compost whereas the lowest of 9.66 mg/100 gm was found at farmyard manure. Moreover, the physiological losses were found to be least with vermi compost and the most with bansoon manure. Moreover, the restorative properties i.e. pH, N,P,K and organic %age were found to be significantly highest with vermi-compost as compared to other organic manures. This study concludes that vermi compost increases vitamin C content, postharvest longevity and improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil.
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K, APPAVU, and SARAVANAN A. "EFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CROP YIELDS UNDER SORGHUM- SOYBEAN CROPPING SEQUENCE." Madras Agricultural Journal 86, December (1999): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00658.

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A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic manure application on soil physical properties at the harvest of the sorghum crop and its residual effect on the succeeding crop of soybean. The residual effect was studied in combination with tillage treatments that the addition of organic manures to the first crop especially poultry manure and farm yard manure increased the yield besides improving the physical properties of soil and organic carbon status. The residual effect of organic manures was well pronounced in soybean yield. Though the improvement in soil physical properties as influenced by different organic manures did not significantly vary among themselves, the physical fertility increased markedly over control. Disc ploughing and stubble management without irrigation enhanced the total porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the soil significantly,
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Szogi, Ariel A., Virginia H. Takata, and Paul D. Shumaker. "Chemical Extraction of Phosphorus from Dairy Manure and Utilization of Recovered Manure Solids." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111725.

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Repeated land application of dairy manure can increase soil phosphorus above crop requirements because of manure’s low nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratio (N:P < 4:1). This soil P build-up can lead to off-site P transport and impairment of surface water quality. We evaluated a treatment process to extract P from manures, called Quick Wash, integrated with a double-stage solids separation system to recover coarse and fine manure solids. The Quick Wash process uses a combination of acid, base, and organic polymers to extract and recover P from manures, improving the N:P ratio of recovered manure solids (RMS). Results showed that coarse RMS could have use as bedding materials for dairy cows, and the fine acidified RMS with N:P > 10:1 can be used as a low-P organic soil amendment. A soil incubation test showed that acidified RMS stimulated N mineralization and nitrification having higher nitrate levels than untreated dairy slurry when incorporated into soil. Our results suggest that the inclusion of Quick Wash in a dairy manure management system can improve manure’s value, lowering costs of bedding material and manure hauling, and recover P for use as fertilizer while reducing the environmental impact of land spreading manure P.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic manures"

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Hossain, Mohamed Sarwar. "Effect of organic amendments on soil atmosphere." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31236.

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Gaseous movement in soil varies with soil's physicochemical properties and biochemical oxygen demand. Diffusivity patterns of four different types of soil (sand, silt, sandy silt, and clay) were examined and sand have shown the highest rate of diffusivity increase with the decreasing soil moisture content. Raw cow manure was then added to the sandy soil at four different rates 0, 20,40, and 80 Mg/ha. Depletion of soil oxygen and changes of carbon dioxide and ammonia for different concentrations were compared against the control. The oxygen depletion or carbon dioxide and ammonia accumulation reached the highest level at initial 16 hour followed by gradual reversal to a steady state. A significant amount of oxygen depletion was noticed with the different concentration levels. Oxygen depletion had shown an oscillatory behavior towards zero. Among different concentrations that of 40 Mg/ha showed the highest oscillatory behavior, but the shortest time was required to recover its original oxygen level. Thus the 40 Mg/ha application of organic matter is seems to be the optimum level for sandy soil.
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Jiang, Anping. "Ammonia recovery from digested dairy manure as nitrogen fertilizer." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/a_jiang_010509.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2010). "Department of Biological Systems Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Kar, Abhijit. "Productive potentiality and economic viability of locally available organic manures in the Jhora fed carp culture of Darjeeling hills." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1099.

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Cicek, Harun. "Optimizing the nitrogen supply of prairie organic agriculture with green manures and grazing." Elsevier, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23852.

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Grazing and no-till management in organic systems have been recently proposed tools to improve nutrient cycling and sustainability. From 2008 to 2012 a series of field experiments were established to identify green manure species and green manure management options to maximize N benefit to following cash crops and explore the opportunities to reduce tillage during the green manure phase of an organic rotation. A total of four green manure systems (double-cropped green manures, relay-cropped green manures, full season green manures, and catch crops after grazed full season green manures), three green manure management options (soil incorporation, grazing and no-till), and 10 green manure species, as well as, three green manure mixtures were tested. Double-cropped pea (Pisum sativum cv. 40-10) and relay-cropped red clover (Trifolium pratense) produced around 900 kg ha-1 and 2000 kg ha-1 of biomass respectively. The greatest biomass producing full season green manures were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), pea/oat (Avena sativa cv. Leggett/Pisum sativum cv. 40-10) and sweet clover (Mellilotus officinalis cv. Norgold). Pea/oat and hairy vetch were the most weed competitive species and on average contained less than 15% weed biomass. Among all the systems and managements tested, nitrogen availability was greatest when full season green manures were grazed. On average grazing increased soil NO3-N by 25% compared to soil incorporation using tillage. Among grazed species, pea/oat mix and hairy vetch green manures resulted in the greatest amount of soil available NO3-N. Catch crops after grazing green manures, regardless of the species, significantly reduced N leaching risk compared to no catch crop treatment, but also reduced wheat productivity the following year. Catch crop biomass productivity and N uptake, soil NO3-N, and wheat productivity were similar in direct seeded and conventionally seeded plots. Grazing may be an effective tool in reducing tillage in organic agriculture because of its ability to accelerate the N mineralization from catch crop biomass. This study was the first study to use grazing as a management tool for green manures in organic systems. Results provide strong evidence that green manures, especially when grazed, can be effective nitrogen suppliers in organic grain based rotations.
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Vikas, Vishaw [Verfasser]. "The Impact of Organic Manures on the Soil Quality. A study on Organic Nutrition in Crop Rotation of Okra-Dhaincha-Broccoli / Vishaw Vikas." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207000302/34.

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Ro, Sophoanrith [Verfasser]. "Potential of organic manures in rainfed lowland rice-based production systems on sandy soils of Cambodia / Sophoanrith Ro." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1199005363/34.

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Fentabil, Mesfin Mesganaw. "Modeling the process of nitrogen extraction from manures and in conversion to nitrate in liquid organic fertilizer production system /." [Beersheba, Israel] : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 2009. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/FentabilMesfinMesganaw.pdf.

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Teklay, Tesfay. "Organic inputs from agroforestry trees on farms for improving soil quality and crop productivity in Ethiopia /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005122.pdf.

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Elfstrand, Sara. "Impact of green manure on soil organisms : with emphasis on microbial community composition and function /." Uppsala : Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200723.pdf.

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Santos, Neto Antônio Rosalvo dos. "Adubação nitrogenada em clones de batata-doce : comportamento agronômico, bioquímico e uso do nutriente pela planta." Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6556.

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Due to the need to define a dose of nitrogen agronomic and economically suitable for the cultivation of sweet potato in the state of Sergipe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root yield, starch and ethanol in sweet potato clones analyzed from nitrogen. The study was conducted between the months of March and August 2012 at the Experimental Farm |Campus Rural da UFS|, located in the municipality of São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. We used a randomized complete block randomized in a 5x3 factorial design with three replications, testing five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 kg ha-1), using as a source of N as urea (45 % N), and three clones of sweet potato (Brazlândia Branca, IPB-075 and IPB-149). The commercial cultivar Brazlândia Branca was considered as a witness. The crop was harvested at 150 days after planting, by quantifying the total biomass productivity and roots, the dry matter content of the roots, the total dry mass and root biomass, nitrogen content in biomass and roots, the crude protein content in biomass and roots, the accumulation of nitrogen in the biomass of shoots and roots, harvest index, physiological efficiency, efficiency in production of tuberous roots, the recovery efficiency of the utilization efficiency nitrogen, starch content, the starch and yield of ethanol. All clones in this study reached values higher than the national average yield of root yield (11,84 Mg ha-1). The productivity of the aboveground biomass of clones, respond to levels above the levels of nitrogen applied in the present study. A dose of approximately 130 kg ha-1 nitrogen provides maximum yields of total productivity of the tuberous roots of sweet potato clones. The physiological efficiency of recovery of nitrogen applied to the N utilization and efficiency of storage root production decreased with increasing doses of N applied to all sweet potato clones evaluated, whereas the accumulation of N in shoots and tuberous roots of clones IPB-149 and IPB-075 showed significant increases. The dose of 154 kg ha-1 N promotes greater production of total dry matter in storage roots of sweet potato clones. Clone sweet potato IPB-149 showed higher correlation between the use of nitrogen and root yield. With a dose between 120 and 210 kg ha-1 of nitrogen as urea can obtain maximum yields of starch and ethanol in the culture of sweet potato.
Devido à necessidade de definir uma dose de nitrogênio agronômica e economicamente adequada para a cultura da batata-doce no estado de Sergipe. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produtividade de raízes tuberosas, amido e etanol em clones de batata-doce, analisadas a partir de doses de nitrogênio. O trabalho foi conduzido, entre os meses de março e agosto de 2012, na Fazenda Experimental Campus Rural da UFS , localizado no município de São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x3, com três repetições, testando cinco doses de N (0; 30; 60; 120 e 240 kg ha-1), empregando-se como fonte de N a ureia (45% N), e três clones de batata-doce (Brazlândia Branca; IPB-075 e IPB-149). A cultivar comercial Brazlândia Branca foi considerada como testemunha. A colheita foi realizada aos 150 dias após o plantio, quantificando-se a produtividade total de biomassa e raízes, o teor de matéria seca das raízes, a massa seca total de biomassa e raízes, o teor de nitrogênio na biomassa e nas raízes, o teor de proteína bruta na biomassa e nas raízes, o acúmulo de nitrogênio na biomassa da parte aérea e nas raízes, o índice de colheita, a eficiência fisiológica, a eficiência na produção de raízes tuberosas, a eficiência de recuperação, a eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio, o teor de amido, o rendimento de amido e de etanol. Todos os clones avaliados neste estudo alcançaram valores superiores ao rendimento médio nacional de produtividade de raízes tuberosas (11,84 Mg ha-1). A produtividade da biomassa da parte aérea dos clones avaliados, respondem a níveis acima das doses de nitrogênio aplicadas no presente estudo. A dose de aproximadamente 130 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio proporciona rendimentos máximos de produtividade total de raízes tuberosas pelos clones de batata-doce. A eficiência fisiológica, de recuperação do nitrogênio aplicado, a de utilização do N e a eficiência de produção de raízes tuberosas diminuíram com o aumento das doses de N aplicadas, para todos os clones de batata-doce avaliados, enquanto que, o acúmulo de N na parte aérea e nas raízes tuberosas dos clones IPB-075 e IPB-149 apresentaram incrementos significativos. A dose de 154 kg ha-1 de N favorece a maior produção de massa seca total de raízes tuberosas nos clones de batatadoce. O clone de batata-doce IPB-149 proporcionou maior correlação entre o uso de nitrogênio e a produtividade de raízes. Com a dose entre 120 e 210 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio na forma de ureia pode-se obter rendimentos máximos de amido e de etanol na cultura da batatadoce.
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Books on the topic "Organic manures"

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Keely, John. Green manuring in organic production. Dublin: Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association, 1993.

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Organic fertilizers: Types, production and environmental impact. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Siṃha, Māibama Sumarjit. Orgānika menyora phôra sasaṭenebala egrikalacara: Organic manure for sustainable agriculture. Imphāla Wista: Rindā Pablikeśansa, 2011.

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Holy shit: Managing manure to save mankind. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub. Co., 2010.

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Logsdon, Gene. Holy shit: Managing manure to save mankind. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub., 2010.

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Eric, Ebeling, ed. Basic composting: All the skills and tools you need to get started. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003.

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Skromanis, A. Plodorodie pochv i ispolʹzovanie navoza. Riga: "Avots", 1989.

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Lay, Richard. A green kid's guide to organic fertilizers. Minneapolis, Minn: Magic Wagon, 2013.

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L, Bolin John, ed. Composting: processing, materials and approaches. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Jocelyn, Langer, and Northeast Organic Farming Association, eds. Compost, vermicompost, and compost tea: Feeding the soil on the organic farm. White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub., 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organic manures"

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Pinhey, Sally, and Margaret Tebbs. "Cover crops, green manures and herbal leys." In Plants for soil regeneration: an illustrated guide, 8–18. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243604.0003.

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Abstract This chapter discusses cover crops, green manures and herbal leys. Cover crops comprise a range of plant species, preferably a mix that includes legumes, brassicas and grasses. Green manures have an emphasis on adding organic matter and nitrogen to the soil, especially where there are no animals to add manure. Herbal leys comprise a seed mixture of fast-growing grasses, legumes and other herbaceous plants, which can aid livestock health, provide grazing and improve soil fertility. The plant species used in cover crops, green manures and herbal leys are also presented in this chapter.
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Sharanappa. "Organic Manures: Production and Enrichment." In Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, 96–104. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003364955-9.

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Barker, Allen V. "Management of Farm Manures." In Science and Technology of Organic Farming, 95–107. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093725-5-5.

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Barker, Allen V. "Management of Green Manures." In Science and Technology of Organic Farming, 121–29. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093725-7-7.

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He, Zhongqi. "Organic Animal Farming and Comparative Studies of Conventional and Organic Manures." In Animal Manure, 165–82. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub67.c9.

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Sharma, Neetu, B. C. Sharma, Anil Kumar, and Rakesh Kumar. "Moisture Content in Plants, Grains and Organic Manures." In Agronomy Algorithm, 220–25. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003347286-10.

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Gracey, H. I. "Mid-season application of organic manures — a waste of resources?" In Animal Manure on Grassland and Fodder Crops. Fertilizer or Waste?, 297–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3659-1_22.

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Dhar, Menakshi, Raman Jasrotia, and Seema Langer. "Using Fish Waste and By-Products for Manufacturing Organic Fertilizers and Manures." In Fish Waste to Valuable Products, 339–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8593-7_16.

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Bruce, A. M. "Stabilisation of Sewage Sludges and Liquid Animal Manures by Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion — An Overview." In Processing and Use of Organic Sludge and Liquid Agricultural Wastes, 39–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4756-6_3.

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Bolan, N. S., S. Baskaran, and S. Thiagarajan. "Methods of Measurement of Dissolved Organic Carbon of Plant Origin in Soils, Manures, Sludges and Stream Water." In Analysis of Plant Waste Materials, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03887-1_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organic manures"

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Prikhodko, A. V., and N. V. Karaeva. "Overview of various crops used for green manure." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-41.

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The aim of our research was to determine the influence of different green manure crops on the process of organic matter entry into the soil, changes in physical and chemical properties of soil, etc. The yields of green mass of sweet clover and sainfoin were the highest – 29.1 and 27.1 t/ha, respectively. Triticale and rye surpassed these crops in the dry matter yield by 0.10-0.30 t/ha and in the organic matter entry into the soil by 0.16-0.36 t/ha. Incorporation of green manures into a farming system contributed to the increase in the amount of nitrogen that is available to the succeeding crop from 0.17 to 1.73 mg/100 g, or 10.4 times. The most considerable increase in the amount of nitrogen was after sainfoin (13.5 times more) and vetch (12.3 times higher). The higher Р2О5 and К2О content in the soil was observed after phacelia used for green manure (3.27 and 32.7, respectively).
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C S Tan, T Q Zhang, and T W Welacky. "Comparison of Organic Fertilizer with Solid and Liquid Manures vs. Inorganic Fertilizer on Water Quality and Crop Production under Free Drainage and Water Table Control Systems." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37737.

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Maryina-Chermnykh, O. G., and T. A. Hoang. "THE IMPACT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF GRAIN CROPS." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-31.

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In the conditions of the Republic of Mari El, studies were conducted on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil from 2016-2021 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers (liquid pig manure (ZHS), straw mulch, eco-organics and Bioagro Gum-B) on the yield of winter and spring grain crops.
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Adriana, Mochamat Gunawan Wibisono, and Arom Figyantika. "Manure Management for the Youth Farmer Group as A Startup Business of Fermented Organic Manure in Karangasem Village, Paliyan, Gunungkidul." In 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.2.

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More than 70% of the people of Karangasem village raise cattle, goats, sheep, chickens, and ducks. The abundance of manure can be used as a local commodity that has the potential to be a business opportunity for local communities through youth farmer groups. At present, the abundance has not been optimally utilized. Its use is only sown directly into the land, which can have several implications, including reduced nutrient content due to volatilization and lack of practical use. Managing manure into packaged fermented organic fertilizer makes its use more practical, effective, and efficient. The increase in the use of fermented organic fertilizers also can reduce agricultural production costs, such as purchasing chemical fertilizers. The purpose of this program was to assist Ngudi Boga's youth farmer group in managing manure into packaged fermented organic manure, which is marketable and partly used by themselves. Aerobic composting was applied. Raw materials, including manure, foliage, and other local organic matter, were used. The fertilizer samples were analyzed for nutrient content. It has produced 375 packs (5 kg/pack) of ready-to-use fermented organic fertilizer, equivalent to ± 1.76 tons. It was >75% of production sold by the limited local markets. Future improvement efforts related to increasing the capacity of grinding machines and developing a profit-sharing system with the village community need to be carried out.
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JASINSKAS, Algirdas, Ramūnas MIELDAŽYS, Juozas PEKARSKAS, Sigitas ČEKANAUSKAS, Antonin MACHALEK, and Jiri SOUČEK. "THE ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC AND NATURAL MAGNESIUM MINERAL FERTILIZERS GRANULATION AND THE DETERMINATION OF PRODUCED PELLET PROPERTIES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.040.

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The research was carried out in Aleksandras Stulginskis University with a natural magnesium mineral fertilizer – magnesium silicate Serpentine rocks that were grounded and granulated with an impact granulation technology, organic cattle manure compost fertilizer, which was granulated using a device with a horizontal granulator matrix (the diameter of pellets is 6 mm), and the mixture of Serpentine and manure pellets (mixture ratio 1:1, diameter of pellets is6 mm). There were investigated and estimated the biometric and physical-mechanical properties of produced fertilizer granules – pellet granulometric composition and biometric indicators, moisture content, density and pellet strength (resistance to impact forces). Research results showed that the pellet moisture content was sufficiently low, varied from 4.7 % to 14.7 %, and the density of produced pellet was considerably high as it reached more than 1000 kg m-3 DM (dry matter). Results on resistance to the deformation of the investigated mineral magnesium and organic fertilizers indicate that the most resistant granules are the ones that are made of the mixture of Serpentine and manure pellets as they decompose to 550.5 N force, whereas granules of manure pellets (without Serpentine) disintegrate to a 271.4 N force, which is about twice as small as the above mentioned one. Research results have shown that fertilizer granules made of organic manure and mixture with magnesium silicate Serpentine are of high quality, these granules are sufficiently resistant to compression on a static force as well as convenient for storage, transportation and mechanical spreading in the field.
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Kolodynskij, Vitalij, and Pranas Baltrėnas. "Experimental Research of Biogas Yield and Quality Produced from Chicken Manure." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.030.

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Biogas is a fuel, which can be produced from a renewable energy source – biomass. Such a gas can be freely used in small farms or food industry to produce heat or electricity. Two main components of biogas – metahne CH4 and carbon dioxide CO2. In some case, if biomass has a big amount of proteins, there can be an aggressive to different constructions gas – hydrogen sulphide H2S in biogas composition. Also, there can be other gases, such as ammonia or hydrogen, but their concentrations are very low. Nowadays it’s extremely important to find a biomass with high energy potential not only to produce “green” energy, but to save the environment from gaseous emissions (greenhouse gases) and soil pollution. The aim of this study – to examine biogas yield and quality, which was produced from chicken manure biomass. To implement research, a small-sized bioreactor of periodic operation (total volume – 30 l, operating volume – 20 l) was used. One of the important parameters of biomass is total quality of volatile solids (VS) and quantity of organic matter in one liter of biomass (organic load – VS/l). In this research, there were examined two chicken manure biomasses with different VS and VS/l. The first one reached relatively 3188 g and 160 g/l. The second’s biomass volatile solids quantity reached 1993 g and organic load was 100 g/l. Both biomasses were of the same type and organic matter (chicken manure with 39.85 % concentration of organic matter). During the experimental research, the temperature of anaerobic digestion was mesophilic (35–37 oC). The operation of bioreactor was periodic, this means, that the biomass was held in anaerobic condition till the complete degasation without any partial refill. The total experiment duration reached 66 days. It was found, that the maximum CH4 concentration reached 72.2% (biomass with organic load 100 g/l). To compare biogas yield from biomasses with different organic loading, it must be recalculated to an amount of biogas produced per day from 1 kg of volatile solids (l/d/kg VS). By implementing gained data analysis, it was discovered, that the maximum biogas yield is 7.8 l/d/kg VS (biomass with organic load 100 g/l). According to this research, it will be possible to create and use a small-sized bioreactor with chicken manure biomass in small farms to reduce pollution and generate energy.
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Hegde, Swati, Shwe Sin Win, and Thomas A. Trabold. "Stabilizing the Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste for Biomethane Production." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3097.

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a viable method for conversion of food waste and other organic materials into methane-rich biogas. However, when used at high organic loading rates, using only food waste can lead to an unstable process. Process instability is indicated by frequent changes in pH, and increase in ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentration. These uncontrolled changes combined with over-production of organic acids can inhibit biogas production and ultimately lead to digester failure. Therefore, certain co-substrates produced as wastes in the regional food sector were tested as stabilizing agents for food waste digestion with an objective of achieving stable non-manure based digestion. The substrates tested were acid whey, bread, manure, caffeinated drink, paper napkins and apple pomace. The biogas production was increased by 12% in reactors containing bread, by 10% with acid whey, and by 12% when the co-substrate was caffeinated drink. The reactors containing paper and manure showed decreased biogas production by 6% and 12% respectively, but these changes are relatively small and thus not considered inhibitory. Co-digestion with apple pomace was found to be inhibitory and resulted in digester failure. This initial study has demonstrated that the stability of AD systems may be improved by strategically combining available food waste feedstocks.
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Mieldazys, Ramunas, Egle Jotautiene, Aloyzas Gaudutis, and Algirdas Jasinskas. "Comparison of physical mechanical properties of granulated fertilizer produced from composted cattle and dried cow, Pig and poultry manure." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf051.

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The advantages of granular organic fertilizers are more convenient handling, storage, transportation, compared to traditional management of manure with litter. Manure granulation can increase the bulk density, improve storability, reduce transportation costs, and make these materials easier to handle using traditional existing handling and storage equipment. There were prepared four experimental samples of various manure mill and granules in laboratory conditions. For granule production a 7.5 kW granulator, with a horizontal 6 mm matrix was used. During the research, the physical-mechanical characteristics were estimated: biometric properties (dimensions, mass), raw material and granule volume and density, humidity, and granule strength of various composition cattle, cow, pig, and poultry manure material. Cattle manure compost contained the most material (65%) of the mass fraction, up to 0.25 mm. In dried cow, pig, and poultry manure, the amount of fraction material was mostly from 1 to 2 mm. The obtained results show that the highest bulk density of the prepared mill was from cow manure and the lowest bulk density was from poultry manure. The highest moisture content was also for cow manure, and the lowest determined moisture content was for poultry manure samples. The highest density was determined for cattle manure compost granules. The highest compressive strength, in the horizontal plane, was determined for hen manure granules, the force required to crush them reached 657 N. The aim of this work is to compare the main physical and mechanical properties of the studied manure material and produced experimental granules.
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Mikhalev, E. V., and D. D. Khilov. "INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ORGANIC WASTE OF AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ON PRODUCTIVITY OF ROW CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.494-497.

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The introduction of unprocessed organic waste into the soil leads to the accumulation of nutrition elements for their subsequent assimilation by plants in the land-use system from the organomineral complexes of the soil, which will significantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. However, for 2- 3 years with constant introduction of "raw" manure, soil degradation occurs. So, with the constant introduction of "fresh" litter will be the oppression of cultivated plants by "osmosis" and the subsequent destruction of their root rot due to its high content of raw litter of pathogenic organisms and high level of Pro-infectious potential, which reduces fungistasis soil, leading to lower yields. The cardinal way out of this situation is to add composted manure to the soil. In addition to increasing the content of organic matter in the soil, including humus. Due to this, there is a decrease in osmosis and phytopathogenic load. The biological activity of the soil when composting will be slightly lower than when applying " raw " manure. However, due to this fact, in the following years, when using complex compost, the soil will contain more organic matter compared to the control. In addition," full "composting reduces "osmosis", kills weed seeds and destroys potentially dangerous pathogens of agricultural crops. Based on the above, it can be assumed that the introduction of new organic fertilizers should have a multi-sided effect on the agronomic properties of the soil, which in the end, with the correct use of complex compost, dramatically increases the yield of crops, including cereals.
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Jotautiene, Egle, Vaidas Bivainis, Raimonda Zinkeviciene, and Aivars Aboltins. "Assessment of organic granulated manure fertilizers frictional properties." In 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2018.17.n394.

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Reports on the topic "Organic manures"

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Bar-Tal, Asher, Paul R. Bloom, Pinchas Fine, C. Edward Clapp, Aviva Hadas, Rodney T. Venterea, Dan Zohar, Dong Chen, and Jean-Alex Molina. Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587729.bard.

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Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Liebman, Matthew Z., and David Haden. Impacts of Rotation Length, Forage Legume Identity, and Composted Manure on Organic Crop Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-966.

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Ehlert, Phillip, Ivona Sigjurnak, Erik Meers, Marieke Verbeke, Fabrizio Adani, Massimo Zilio, Fulvia Tambone, and Oscar Schoumans. Nitrogen fertilising products based on manure and organic residues. Supporting literature of the SYSTEMIC factsheets. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/506912.

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Elissen, Hellen, Rommie van der Weide, Luuk Gollenbeek, and Kimberly Wevers. Legislative issues surrounding the application of insect larvae and compost worms for biobased valorization of manure, digestate and other organics. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/587187.

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Larsson, Madeleine, Karin Tonderski, Genevieve Metson, and Nils-Hassan Quttineh. Towards a more circular biobased economy and nutrient use on Gotland: finding suitable locations for biogas plants. Linköping University Electronic Press, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/report.diva-194234.

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In this study we have investigated the role of biogas solutions to support increased resource efficiency on the island Gotland, including recovery and redistribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within the agricultural sector. First, we analyzed the potential for expanding energy and nutrient recovery from organic residues using biogas solutions. Our findings suggest that the biogas production could expand to 165 GWh, from the current 36 GWh (2020), with manure accounting for a potential 110 GWh biogas annually if all were digested. Comparing the nutrients contained in organic feedstock with the crop nutrient demand on Gotland showed that for N the demand is 2.4 times higher than the supply. In contrast, the calculations showed a 137 tonnes P surplus, with distinct excess areas in the center and southern part of the island. We then compared scenarios with different numbers (3 - 15) of biogas plants with respect to efficient nutrient redistribution and transport costs. Spatial constraints for new plants, e.g. need for roads with a certain capacity and permit issues, were accounted for by adding local information to a national data set. We identified 104 potential locations (1 km$^2$ grid cells) and used an optimization model to identify the most suitable locations for minimized transport costs. Optimal (meeting the crop demand with no excess) redistribution of all nutrients contained in the feedstock, as raw digestate from biogas plants, would result in an export of 127 tonnes of P from the island. The model results indicated that if all potential feedstock would be digested in three additional biogas plants and nutrients redistributed for optimal reuse, the total transport cost would be 2.6 million SEK annually, excluding the costs for nutrient export from the island (3.7 million SEK). If instead 10 or 15 smaller plants would be built, the transport cost would drop to 1.8 million SEK, with the same amount of P being exported. Comparing the scenarios with different number of biogas plants (3 - 15), showed that some locations are more suitable than others in terms of distance to feedstock and to fields with fertilizer demands. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the amount of crop residues indicated that this type of feedstock could add a substantial amount of biogas production, but more extensive analyses are needed to assess the feasibility to realize part of that potential.
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