Journal articles: 'ORGANIC/ INORGANIC POLLUTANTS'

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Gao, Rui, Suanny Mosquera-Romero, Eleftheria Ntagia, Xiaofei Wang, Korneel Rabaey, and Luiza Bonin. "Review—Electrochemical Separation of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Wastewater." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 033505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac51f9.

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High energy input and chemicals additions are typically needed to deal with persistent pollutants, organic and inorganic, and organometallic complexes in wastewater. Particularly, organometallic complexes decrease the removal efficiency for other pollutants being treated with conventional technologies, which can lead to high operational costs and residues formation. The improperly treated wastewater contains nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), heavy metals, and persistent organics, which should be removed or recovered before discharging. Electrochemical technologies can achieve concomitant removal of persistent pollutants and resource recovery from wastewater, with the benefits of low chemical input, cost-effectiveness and reduced water consumption. In this review, we provide an overview of electrochemical technologies for the separation of organics and inorganics and their subsequent recovery. The focus is placed into electrodeposition, electrodialysis, membrane electrolysis, electrochemical oxidation, capacitive deionization, and bioelectrochemical systems. The main challenges considered at present are i) the cost and longevity of the materials, ii) the process efficiency and selectivity and iii) the complexity of the wastewater matrices. In this review it is projected that in the near future, the electrochemical separation and recovery of organics and inorganics will be preferred, as electrochemical cells powered by renewable energy can serve for decentralized and off-grid treatment approaches.

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Zhang, Yunhai, Hao Wang, Ying Li, Yuexiao Shi, Shunlong Pan, Guangze Nie, and Yongjun Zhang. "Simultaneous adsorption of phosphate and diclofenac by Li/Al layered double hydroxides loaded on modified wheat straw." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, no. 12 (2021): 2381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00578b.

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Huang, Ying, YongXia Li, Jian Yang, MinMin Xu, Bo Sun, FuWei Gao, and Ning Wang. "Harmful Chemicals in Soil and Risk Assessment of an Abandoned Open Dumpsite in Eastern China." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/297686.

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The concentrations of pollutants in soil samples collected in and around a dumpsite in Heze, Shandong, China, were investigated, and the potential ecological and health risks of these pollutants were assessed. Seventeen soil samples from five different locations were analysed for pollution characteristics, and the target pollutants included inorganic pollutants and heavy metals as well as volatile organic compounds/semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs/SVOCs). Results showed that the mean concentration level of each pollutant from the interior area was relatively higher than that from the boundary area of the dumpsite. Inorganic pollutants and heavy metals were detected in all of the soil samples. According to potential ecological risk assessment with environmental background values of Shandong as screening values, heavy metals in majority of the samples pose low ecological risk to the ecosystem except Hg. Hg poses a considerable or very high risk because of its high levels of accumulation. In consideration of future land use pattern, human health risks derived from environmental exposure to heavy metals were assessed. Carcinogenic risk and noncarcinogenic hazards for adults are acceptable, while noncarcinogenic hazards for children exceed the safety threshold. The health risks are primarily attributed to oral exposure to As and Cr.

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Suresh, Selvaraj, S. Ravichandran, Ishan Y. Pandya, S. S. Sreeja Mole, S. R. Boselin Prabhu, and G. K. Prashanth. "Alginate Hydrogel Adsorbents in Adsorption of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants: A Review." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 7 (2022): 1625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23712.

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The present review discusses various alginate hydrogel adsorbents with unique adsorption performance in environmental remediation. Novel alginate composites were developed with, high swelling capacity and capable of adsorbing toxic inorganic and organic pollutants. Alginate hydrogel adsorbents were developed with a single network and double network structure with excellent adsorption ability in removal of toxic inorganic and/or organic pollutants. Alginate with single or double network composite hydrogels were developed when alginate was combined with graphene/chitosan/polymer to get superior adsorbents in removal of toxic pollutants. Acrylic acid/alginate hydrogel in recent studies are efficient in the elimination of inorganic and organic contaminants. This review will generate interest to researchers to develop novel alginate composite hydrogels with unique properties in the adsorption of toxic inorganic, organic contaminants. This work provides a worthy challenge and the future possibility of designing novel alginate materials for various applications.

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Biró, B., M. Domonkos, and E. Kiss. "Catabolic FDA microbial activity as site-dependent monitoring tool in soils of an industrial town." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.3.2012.1.5.

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Abstract The degree of soil pollutants in the Dunaújváros area has been monitored regularly at 10 sampling points of the town from the upper 0–20 cm and lower 20–40 cm layers of the soils. The quantity of some organic (PAH, TPH) and inorganic (toxic metal) pollutants were determined by GC-MS and ICP analyzation. Microbial status, such as the total cultivable bacteria (CFU) and total catabolic enzyme activity, measured by fluorescein diacetate analysis (FDA) were also estimated. The area of the industrial town could be divided into more and less contaminated regions, although the measured pollutants were far below the estimated permissible limits. However, at some of the more polluted soils even triple amounts of contaminants could be measured compared to the lesscontaminated sites. Among inorganics the Zn microelement reached the highest levels (average is about 100 mg·kg−1 soil), which could be related to the heavy industrial activity. A positive correlation appeared among the organic and inorganic pollutants and also between the pollutants and the measured enzymatic values. The enhanced FDA activity was found at the most contaminated sites preceding the potential “loss of function” on a long-term basis. The fast and reliable microbial parameter could be suggested as further regular monitoring tool.

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Huang, Wenyu, Ying Huang, Shuangfei Wang, Hongfei Lin, and Gilles Mailhot. "Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol by Ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic Acid-Modified Photo-Fenton System: Effects of Chemical Compounds Present in Natural Waters." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010029.

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This paper describes a study of the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) with an ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic-acid (EDDS)-modified photo-Fenton system in ultrapure water and different natural waters. The results showed that the EDDS-modified photo-Fenton system is adequate for 2,4-DCP degradation. Compared with a medium containing a single organic pollutant, the removal of pollutants in a more complex medium consisting of two organic compounds is slower by around 25 to 50% as a function of the organic pollutant. Moreover, 2,4-DCP can be further effectively degraded in the presence of organic materials and various inorganic ions. However, the photodegradation of 2,4-DCP in different natural waters, including natural lake water, effluent from domestic sewage treatment plants, and secondary effluent from pulp and paper mill wastewaters, is inhibited. Chemical compounds present in natural waters have different influences on the degradation of 2,4-DCP by adopting the EDDS-modified photo-Fenton system. In any case, the results obtained in this work show that the EDDS-modified photo-Fenton system can effectively degrade pollutants in a natural water body, which makes it a promising technology for treating pollutants in natural water bodies.

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Kuruvilla, Elizabeth, C. Freeda Christy, and A. Samson Nesaraj. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic, Inorganic and Microbial Pollutants Present in Water by Novel Materials: A Critical Review and Present Update." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 10 (2021): 2251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23317.

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Presently water pollution is the one of the major threats faced by living things all over the world. The main cause of water pollution is its effect on the life of aquatic animals. Organic, inorganic, microbial and other pollutants often mix with water bodies mainly due to human activities. Because of the presence of pollutants in water, the amount of dissolved oxygen level can be decreased which in turn affect the survival of aquatic life. The pollutant water may enter the agriculture fields and damage the plants extensively. The methods, such as, coagulation, adsorption, foam floating, electrodialysis, capacitive deionization, etc. are presently employed to treat the waste water. Among these methods, heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation is considered to be a good method because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. In this review, the decontamination of different kinds of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water with different photocatalysts process is presented.

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Zait, Roxana, Daniela Fighir, Brindusa Sluser, Oana Plavan, and Carmen Teodosiu. "Priority Pollutants Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems Evaluated through Ecotoxicity, Impact, and Risk Assessments." Water 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14203237.

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As water management is still a problem of international concern, scientists and practitioners are collaborating to develop new tools and methods to improve and help in the decision-making process. When addressing the priority pollutant monitoring and impact assessment, the ecotoxicity effects, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic, should be considered together with the exposure factor and health hazards. The main goals of this study were to assess the ecological and health hazards and to apply integrated impact and risk assessment based on the ecotoxicity and exposure factors of each priority pollutant present in the aquatic ecosystem. This study used as a database the measured concentrations of 5 inorganic and 14 organic priority pollutants from the Siret river basin from NE Romania, from 18 river sections monitored in the period 2015–2020. The USEtox methodology and a new integrated index for environmental impact and risk assessment were developed and applied to evaluate the ecological and health hazards and environmental impacts and risks within the river basin. The total impact scores for heavy metals ranged from 2 × 103 to 2.25 × 109, and those for organic pollutants ranged from 2.72 × 10−1 to 2.95 × 106. The environmental risk in the case of inorganic priority pollutants ranged between 5.56 and 3136.35, and that in the case of organic pollutants was between 4.69 and 4059.17. The results revealed that there is a major to catastrophic environmental impact in almost all monitored river sections (10 out of 18), and the overall risk exposure was found to be at a significant to a major level. This study proved the harmful effects that the priority pollutants may have, even in very small concentrations, on non-target organisms and suggests that greater control over the pollution sources and mitigation of environmental impacts and risks should be applied.

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Ahmad, Shujaat, Mazen Almehmadi, Hammad Tariq Janjuhah, George Kontakiotis, Osama Abdulaziz, Khalid Saeed, Hanif Ahmad, et al. "The Effect of Mineral Ions Present in Tap Water on Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants: Future Perspectives." Water 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010175.

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Photodegradation is the chemical conversion of large, toxic, and complex molecules into non-toxic, simpler, and lower molecular weight species due to light exposure. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has sufficient potential to degrade toxic organic pollutants present in wastewater. As industries discharge their effluents containing organic pollutants into natural water bodies, which penetrate into the subsurface through connected pores it is necessary to study this process in natural or tap water. Tap water (TW) is mainly obtained from underground wells having inorganic salts in a minute quantity with a conductivity of 500 μS/cm. TW contains inorganic anions, which affect the photocatalytic activity and photocatalysis process. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of TW on the photo-degradation of organic pollutants such as dyes, pharmaceutical products, pesticides, etc., with the support of the literature. The TW had a diverse effect on the photodegradation of organic pollutants; either it may enhance or decrease the rate of pollutants’ photodegradation.

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Radwan, Eman Hashem, Mennat Alllah Khaled Saber, Mohie Eldin Khaled Saber, and Gehan H. Fahmy. "The Impact Of Some Organic And Inorganic Pollutants On Fresh Water (Rashid, River Nile), Egypt." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOLOGY 10, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 2133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jab.v10i2.6481.

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Pollution of fresh water with organic pollutants and heavy metals has an impact on the environment of the River Nile in Egypt. The environment has become increasingly contaminated by inorganic and organic pollutants which accumulate in the food chain and affect the human health. The pollution of the fresh water environment by heavy metals and organic pollutants is due to the increasing action of flowing out discharge from various industries. Three heavy metals; Cu, Pb, and Zn and organic pollutants as DDT, Chlordane, dieldrin and butylene were investigated in the present study in freshwater and sediment during the year (Autumn2016-summer2017) .The investigated samples were collected from Rashid, Egypt. The present study reported that the mean concentration level of both heavy metals and organic pollutants were correlated in the sediment and in the fresh water of Rashid at p< 0.001.

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Riek, Winfried, Alexander Russ, and Marc Marx. "Concentrations of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants in Forest Soils as an Archive of Anthropogenic Inputs in the State of Brandenburg, Germany." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031189.

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An important component of the National Forest Soils Inventory (NFSI) is the investigation of inorganic and organic pollutants. Forests are able to filter out large quantities of these substances from the atmosphere and incorporate them into the soil for a long time. The aim of this study was the integrative evaluation of organic and inorganic pollutant concentrations in forest soils in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. With the help of principle component analysis, the pollutant concentrations can essentially be explained by three significant environmental components, which explain 76% of the total variance of all pollutants examined within the scope of the NFSI. The first component characterizes the extent of the atmospheric pollution caused by flue gases and fly ash from lignite combustion in the 1970s and 1980s and is mainly charged by the organic pollutants HCB and PAH, and the elements arsenic and chromium. This component shows positive relation to both spatially interpolated calcium-deposition data from the 1980s (as an indicator for the dust emission from coal combustion) and crown defoliation data of pine stands from the forest condition survey in the early 1990s. The depositions of zinc and cadmium from industrial sources, vehicle traffic and the use of fertilizers in agriculture mainly characterize the second principle component. The use of the pesticides DDT and lindane in the early 1980s and the associated pollutants input into the forest soils are expressed by the third component. In expanding the term archiving function of soils, the results illustrate their particular importance for the long-term archiving of anthropogenic inputs and the associated potential stress factors for forests.

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Mousavi, Seyyed Mojtaba, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi, Navid Ravan, Ahmad Gholami, Chin Wei Lai, Wei-Hung Chiang, Navid Omidifar, Khadije Yousefi, and Gity Behbudi. "Recent Advances in Enzymes for the Bioremediation of Pollutants." Biochemistry Research International 2021 (June 22, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5599204.

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Nowadays, pollution of the environment is a huge problem for humans and other organisms’ health. Conventional methods of pollutant removal like membrane filtration or ion exchange are not efficient enough to lower the number of pollutants to standard levels. Biological methods, because of their higher efficiency and biocompatibility, are preferred for the remediation of pollutants. These cost-effective and environment-friendly methods of reducing pollutants are called bioremediation. In bioremediation methods, enzymes play the most crucial role. Enzymes can remedy different types of organic and inorganic pollutants, including PAHs, azo dyes, polymers, organocyanides, lead, chromium, and mercury. Different enzymes isolated from various species have been used for the bioremediation of pollutants. Discovering new enzymes and new subtypes with specific physicochemical characteristics would be a promising way to find more efficient and cost-effective tools for the remediation of pollutants.

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Bucatariu, Florin, Carmen Teodosiu, Irina Morosanu, Daniela Fighir, Ramona Ciobanu, Larisa-Maria Petrila, and Marcela Mihai. "An Overview on Composite Sorbents Based on Polyelectrolytes Used in Advanced Wastewater Treatment." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223963.

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Advanced wastewater treatment processes are required to implement wastewater reuse in agriculture or industry, the efficient removal of targeted priority and emerging organic & inorganic pollutants being compulsory (due to their eco-toxicological and human health effects, bio-accumulative, and degradation characteristics). Various processes such as membrane separations, adsorption, advanced oxidation, filtration, disinfection may be used in combination with one or more conventional treatment stages, but technical and environmental criteria are important to assess their application. Natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes combined with some inorganic materials or other organic or inorganic polymers create new materials (composites) that are currently used in sorption of toxic pollutants. The recent developments on the synthesis and characterization of composites based on polyelectrolytes, divided according to their macroscopic shape—beads, core-shell, gels, nanofibers, membranes—are discussed, and a correlation of their actual structure and properties with the adsorption mechanisms and removal efficiencies of various pollutants in aqueous media (priority and emerging pollutants or other model pollutants) are presented.

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Akuma, Desalegn Abdissa, and Ketema Beyecha Hundie. "Textile Wastewater Treatment Modelling and Design Using Stoat Graph and Summary Statistic Model." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 23, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2022.01.03.

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Without properly treated wastewater released from the textile industry contains organic and inorganic pollutants that cause environmental problems like water body contamination, which causes marine life disappearance, soil contamination, and air pollution. Treatment of textile industry wastewater is difficult due to pollutant types existing like BOD, COD, toxic heavy metals, organic particle matter, inorganic particle matter, color, etc. The multi-component wastewater pollutant needs proper designs to remove such pollutants. Dire Dawa textile wastewater treatment plant (design) and simulation was the objective of this study. The method of this study was experimental and software modelling. STOAT model software is the best capable of simulation treatments plants, and the time to complete the simulation was 3 days. The STOAT graphic and statically data analysis model efficiently removed the multi-components of pollutants effluent from Dire Dawa textile industry. Some pollutant parameter measures before design model are SS 350 mg/L, DS 2000 mg/L, ammonia 55 mg/L, BOD 350 mg/L, nitrate 0 mg/L and DO 12 mg/L. The effluent of wastewater treatment plant model simulation results are 2 mg/L SS, ammonia 8.82 mg/L, BOD 2.5 mg/L, and nitrate increases from 0 to 58 mg/L by ammonia oxidation. Totally 98.7% SS, 99% BOD, and 84% ammonia were removed in the design model. In the sludge outlet, nitrate contents increase due to nitrification being processed rather than denitrification.

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Wang, Joseph. "Remote electrochemical sensors for monitoring inorganic and organic pollutants." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 2 (February 1997): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(96)00094-5.

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TIWARI, PANKAJ KUMAR, IULIA MARTINA BULAI, ARVIND KUMAR MISRA, and EZIO VENTURINO. "MODELING THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON THE SURVIVAL OF FISH IN WATER BODIES." Journal of Biological Systems 25, no. 03 (September 2017): 521–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339017500243.

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Several sources of water pollution are causing negative consequences to marine life. The organisms that are more affected are fishes and marine mammals since they are at the top of the food chain. They are directly exposed to high levels of toxins in water and/or they feed on other fishes that are contaminated. Unfortunately, the main cause of the contaminations, and thus of the fish deaths, come from human activities, such as industry, agriculture, municipal wastewater and solid wastes. The present study is concerned with the effect of organic and inorganic pollutants on the survival of fish in water bodies. We introduce a nonlinear mathematical model by considering five interacting variables; organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants, bacteria, dissolved oxygen and fish in the water body. The model is analyzed using the stability theory of differential equations and to confirm the analytical findings, numerical simulations are performed. Our results suggest that to maintain water quality and to save fish life, the global community has to limit the release of organic and inorganic pollutants into the aquatic system.

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Alahmadi, Nadiyah. "Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Removal of Environmental Pollution Hazards in Water Using Nanostructured Materials." Separations 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100264.

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Water pollution has become a critical issue because of the Industrial Revolution, growing populations, extended droughts, and climate change. Therefore, advanced technologies for wastewater remediation are urgently needed. Water contaminants are generally classified as microorganisms and inorganic/organic pollutants. Inorganic pollutants are toxic and some of them are carcinogenic materials, such as cadmium, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Organic pollutants are contained in various materials, including organic dyes, pesticides, personal care products, detergents, and industrial organic wastes. Nanostructured materials could be potential candidates for photocatalytic reduction and for photodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater since they have unique physical, chemical, and optical properties. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of nanostructured semiconductors can be achieved using numerous techniques; nanostructured semiconductors can be doped with different species, transition metals, noble metals or nonmetals, or a luminescence agent. Furthermore, another technique to enhance the photocatalytic performance of nanostructured semiconductors is doping with materials that have a narrow band gap. Nanostructure modification, surface engineering, and heterojunction/homojunction production all take significant time and effort. In this review, I report on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials, and we discuss the photocatalytic performance of these nanostructured materials in reducing environmental pollutants.

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Nasi, Roberto, Filomena Sannino, Pierre Picot, Antoine Thill, Olimpia Oliviero, Serena Esposito, Marco Armandi, and Barbara Bonelli. "Hybrid organic-inorganic nanotubes effectively adsorb some organic pollutants in aqueous phase." Applied Clay Science 186 (March 2020): 105449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105449.

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Islam, Tariqul, Yanliang Li, and Hefa Cheng. "Biochars and Engineered Biochars for Water and Soil Remediation: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 9932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179932.

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Biochars (BCs) are considered as ecofriendly and multifunctional materials with significant potential for remediation of contaminated water and soils, while engineered biochars (E-BCs) with enlarged surface areas and abundant surface functional groups can perform even better in environmental remediation. This review systematically summarizes the key physical and chemical properties of BCs that affect their pollutant sorption capacities, major methods employed for modification of E-BCs, the performance of BCs/E-BCs in removing major types of organic (e.g., antibiotics and pesticides) and inorganic pollutants (e.g., heavy metals), and the corresponding removal mechanisms. The physical and chemical properties of BCs—such as ash or mineral contents, aromaticity, surface structures, pH, and surface functional groups (e.g., C=O, -COOH, -OH, and -NH2)—depend primarily on their feedstock sources (i.e., plant, sludge, or fecal) and the pyrolysis temperature. Ion exchange, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and complexation are the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption of inorganic pollutants on BCs/E-BCs, whereas hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces are the major driving forces for the uptake of organic pollutants. Despite their significant promises, more pilot and field scale investigations are necessary to demonstrate the practical applicability and viability of BCs/E-BCs in water and soil remediation.

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Li, Yinchun, Depeng Gong, Youliang Zhou, Chaocan Zhang, Chunyang Zhang, Yitian Sheng, and Shu Peng. "Respiratory Adsorption of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater by Superhydrophobic Phenolic Xerogels." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081596.

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Organogel adsorbents are widely used for the adsorption of hard-to-degrade organic pollutants in wastewater due to their natural affinity to the organic phase in water. In this study, phenolic xerogels (PF) synthesised in the ethylene glycol inorganic acid system are used as a backbone and superhydrophobic phenolic xerogels (ASO-PF) are obtained by grafting aminosilanes onto the PF backbone via the Mannich reaction. The modified ASO-PF not only retains the pore structure of the original PF (up to 90% porosity), but also has excellent superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle up to 153°). Owing to the unique pore structure, ASO-PF has excellent compression properties, cycling 50% compression deformation more than 10 times without being damaged, with a maximum compression deformation of up to 80%. A squeeze–suction–squeeze approach is proposed for selective adsorption of organic pollutants in homogeneous solutions based on the recyclable compression properties of ASO-PF. The ASO-PF is put under negative pressure by squeezing, and when the pressure is released, the adsorbed liquid enters the ASO-PF, where the organic pollutants are retained by the adsorption sites in the skeleton, and then the remaining water is discharged by squeezing. This breathing ASO-PF holds great promise for organic pollutant adsorption and recovery applications.

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Munusamy, Thirumavalavan, Jhuang Ya-Ting, and Lee Jiunn-Fwu. "Enhanced adsorption of inorganic and organic pollutants by amine modified sodium montmorillonite nanosheets." RSC Advances 5, no. 26 (2015): 20583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16877a.

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Bouazizi, Nabil, Julien Vieillard, Brahim Samir, and Franck Le Derf. "Advances in Amine-Surface Functionalization of Inorganic Adsorbents for Water Treatment and Antimicrobial Activities: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030378.

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In the last decade, adsorption has exhibited promising and effective outcomes as a treatment technique for wastewater contaminated with many types of pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and bacteria. To achieve such effectiveness, a number of potential adsorbents have been synthesized and applied for water remediation and antimicrobial activities. Among these inorganic adsorbents (INAD), activated carbon, silica, metal oxide, metal nanoparticles, metal–organic fibers, and graphene oxide have been evaluated. In recent years, significant efforts have been made in the development of highly efficient adsorbent materials for gas and liquid phases. For gas capture and water decontamination, the most popular and known functionalization strategy is the chemical grafting of amine, due to its low cost, ecofriendliness, and effectiveness. In this context, various amines such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), diethanolamine (DEA), dendrimer-based polyamidoamine (PAMAM), branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), and others are employed for the surface modification of INADs to constitute a large panel of resource and low-cost materials usable as an alternative to conventional treatments aimed at removing organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogenic bacteria. Amine-grafted INAD has long been considered as a promising approach for the adsorption of both inorganic and organic pollutants. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of surface modifications through amine grafting and their adsorption behavior under diverse conditions. Amine grafting strategies are investigated in terms of the effects of the solvent, temperature, and the concentration precursor. The literature survey presented in this work provides evidence of the significant potential of amine-grafted INAD to remove not only various contaminants separately from polluted water, but also to remove pollutant mixtures and bacteria.

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Zhang, Ming, Kuo Zhang, Runjuan Zhou, and Jinpeng Wang. "Hydroxylamine enhanced activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe(III)/Cu(II) bimetallic for high-efficiency degradation of AO7." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 2038–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.109.

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Abstract In this study, a new type of iron/copper bimetallic combined with hydroxylamine (HA) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was constructed to treat organic pollutants. Selecting the azo dye acid orange 7 (AO7) as the representative of organic pollutants, the new system can achieve nearly 100% degradation of AO7 within 5 min. The Fe(III)/Cu(II)/HA/PMS system mainly generates SO4·− to achieve the degradation of AO7 in acidic environment, while neutral and alkaline environments rely on ·OH. The presence of hydroxylamine accelerates the cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) in the system, and enhances the degradation ability of the system for organic pollutants. The addition of trace Cu(II) (1 μM) enhances the ability of a single Fe(III)/HA/PMS system to degrade AO7 in neutral and alkaline environments without causing secondary copper pollution. The common inorganic anions Cl− and NO3− in water have almost no effect on the degradation of AO7 in the system. The constructed Fe(III)/Cu(II)/HA/PMS system is an efficient and clean organic pollutant wastewater treatment process, which has very promising application prospects.

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Cavallaro, Giuseppe, Giuseppe Lazzara, Elvira Rozhina, Svetlana Konnova, Marina Kryuchkova, Nail Khaertdinov, and Rawil Fakhrullin. "Organic-nanoclay composite materials as removal agents for environmental decontamination." RSC Advances 9, no. 69 (2019): 40553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08230a.

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Chmielewská, Eva, Wlodzimierz Tylus, and Marcela Morvová. "Supplementary research of clinoptilolite-rich tuff composites after adsorption trials using the XPS technique." Open Chemistry 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11532-005-0001-1.

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AbstractThe paper deals with fabrication of carbonized and hydrophobized clinoptilolite-rich tuff using organic carbon rich substances, here particularly starch and waste vegetable residues, which were pyrolytically combusted and covered the external zeolite surface. Hydrophobization of the zeolite external surface was accomplished by octadecylammonium surfactant. Both surface modified clinoptilolite-rich tuffs were tested and compared with each other with regard to removal of organic (phenol) and inorganic (chromate, arsenate) pollutants from aqueous solutions. These elaborated composites with surface adsorbed pollutant species were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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Jovic-Jovicic, Natаsa, Aleksandra Milutinovic-Nikolic, Marija Zunic, Zorica Mojovic, Predrag Bankovic, Biljana Dojcinovic, Ana Ivanovic-Sasic, and Dusan Jovanovic. "Organobentonites as multifunctional adsorbents of organic and inorganic water pollutants." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 2 (2014): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130125065j.

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The aim of this study was to find a low cost, easy to synthesize and efficient adsorbent for the simultaneous adsorption of both organic and inorganic pollutants (including textile dyes, toxic metals etc.). The starting material, domestic bentonite clay from Bogovina was modified with amounts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations corresponding to 0.5 and 1.0 times of the value of the cation exchange capacity value. The organobentonites were tested as adsorbents in a three-dye-containing solution, a three-component solution of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ and a hexa- component solution containing all investigated dyes and toxic metal cations. The used adsorbents showed the highest affinity toward Acid Yellow 99 and Ni2+ ions. Dye adsorption was enhanced in the presence of toxic metal cations, while the adsorption of all toxic cations from the hexa-component solution was lower than from the three-component solution containing only toxic cations. The synthesized hexadecyltrimethylammonium bentonite could be regarded as an efficient multifunctional adsorbent for the investigated type of water pollutants.

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Siantar, Darsa P. "Interaction between Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in the Clay Interlayer." Clays and Clay Minerals 42, no. 2 (1994): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1994.0420209.

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Kurwadkar, Sudarshan. "Occurrence and distribution of organic and inorganic pollutants in groundwater." Water Environment Research 91, no. 10 (July 28, 2019): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wer.1166.

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Yuan, Chung-Shin, Iau-Ren Ie, Ji-Ren Zheng, Chung-Hsuan Hung, Zu-Bei Lin, and Ching-Hsun Shih. "A Review of Electrical Assisted Photocatalytic Technologies for the Treatment of Multi-Phase Pollutants." Catalysts 11, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11111332.

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This article reviews the fundamental theories and reaction mechanisms of photocatalytic technologies with the assistance of electrical field for degrading multi-phase pollutants. Photo(electro)catalysis including photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and photoelectrocatalytic oxidation (PECO) have been a potential technologies applied for the treatment of organic and inorganic compounds in the wastewaters and waste gases, which has been treated as a promising technique by using semiconductors as photo(electro)catalysts to convert light or electrical energy to chemical energy. Combining photocatalytic processes with electrical field is an option to effectively decompose organic and inorganic pollutants. Although photocatalytic oxidation techniques have been used to decompose multi-phase pollutants, developing efficient advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) by combining photocatalysis with electrical potential is urgently demanded in the future. This article reviews the most recent progress and the advances in the field of photocatalytic technologies combined with external electrical field, including the characterization of nano-sized photo(electro)catalysts, the degradation of multi-phase pollutants, and the development of electrical assisted photocatalytic technologies for the potential application on the treatment of organic and inorganic compounds in the wastewaters and waste gases. Innovative oxidation techniques regarding photo(electro)catalytic reactions with and without oxidants are included in this review article.

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Literathy, Peter, Ferenc Laszlo, and Bela Csanyi. "Approaches for sediment associated pollutant monitoring in the River Danube." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0234.

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Inorganic and organic pollutants (nutrients and toxic pollutants) are liable to accumulate in suspended and bottom sediments. The major transport of these pollutants takes place in the suspended load. Sedimentation and resuspension are in dynamic equilibrium along the river influenced mainly by physical processes. International and national surveys on the Danube sediment concluded that the Danube reach between Vienna and Budapest is one of the most polluted ones in addition to the Irongate reservoir and the downstream reach. The main polluting compounds are petroleum hydrocarbons, including PAHs, and heavy metals. Reservoirs are the major traps of sediment-bound pollutants where pollutant “time-bombs” may be developed. Pollutant monitoring of the bottom sediment requires careful selection of the representative sampling sites where the sediment contains at least 10 percent clay and silt which is enriched in pollutants. Mobilization of the sediment-bound pollutants will result in biological uptake by the benthic organisms. The macrozoobenthons monitoring provides valuable evidence for chronic biological stress associated with contaminated sites. Benthic biodiversity decreased along the studied Danube reach downstream of recognized hot spots such as major cities (Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest) and polluted tributaries (the Vah river, etc.). Harmonization between chemical measurements and biological observations in the sediment could eventually lead to an effective Danube pollution monitoring system.

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Samanta, Partha, Sumanta Let, Writakshi Mandal, Subhajit Dutta, and Sujit K. Ghosh. "Luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) as potential probes for the recognition of cationic water pollutants." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 9 (2020): 1801–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi00167h.

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This review aims to provide an overview regarding the development of luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) based sensory materials for the detection of cationic inorganic and organic water pollutants.

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Guo, Baoyou, Baolei Liu, Jun Chen, Chuan Jing, Ming Zhong, and Qi Shan. "Prospect Research on the Diversity of Extracellular Mineralization Process Induced by Mineralizing Microorganisms and Its Use as a Treatment for Soil Pollutants." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 4858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15064858.

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Microbial-induced mineralization is a process in which metal ions in the environment are processed by microorganisms, forming deposits of crystals with cementing and void-filling functions. Cementing crystals can fix metal ions, reduce permeability, improve soil strength, and play a positive role in soil remediation and pollution control. This paper first introduces the principle of microbial-induced mineralization and analyzes its mechanism of action in the treatment of soil organic and inorganic pollutants. Then, the mineralization principle of different types of mineralized bacteria in soil (fungal metabolism involving organic acid complexation and metabolic urease catalysis, sulfur oxidation by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, dissimilatory sulfate reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria, ammonification by ammoniating bacteria, reverse digestion by denitrifying bacteria, urease catalysis by urease-producing bacteria, acetic acid fermentation by methanogenic bacteria, and H2/CO2 reduction) is elaborated, the influencing factors in the treatment of soil pollutants by mineralization technology in practical application are analyzed, and the current status of mineralization treatment for different types of pollutants is summarized. Finally, the future prospects of soil pollutant treatment are outlined to promote research into microbial-induced mineralization technology for the treatment of soil pollutants.

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Rathnayake, Suramya I., Yunfei Xi, Ray L. Frost, and Godwin A. Ayoko. "Environmental applications of inorganic–organic clays for recalcitrant organic pollutants removal: Bisphenol A." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 470 (May 2016): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.02.034.

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Li, Lili, Yaobo Shi, Yun Huang, Anlu Xing, and Hao Xue. "The Effect of Governance on Industrial Wastewater Pollution in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 9316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159316.

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Water pollution not only aggravates the deterioration of the ecological environment and endanger human health, but also has a significantly negative impact on economic growth and social development. It is crucial to investigate the relationship between industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution on the path to reduce water pollution. In this paper, we studied whether industrial wastewater governance affected industrial wastewater pollution using the panel fixed effect model and system generalized moment estimation model (SYS-GMM) with the panel data of 30 provinces from 2005 to 2020 in China. This is the only empirical analysis of the relationship between industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution. We proxied industrial wastewater pollution by organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants and measured the per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance. The results shed light on the positive correlation between the per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution. The increase in per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance promoted the increase of pollutant emissions from industrial wastewater. The estimation also indicated that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita GDP and inorganic /organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. Our empirical research shows that it is necessary to increase investment in industrial wastewater treatment and optimize the investment structure of environmental treatment, so as to pave the way for the comprehensive utilization of a variety of environmental treatment solutions.

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Akinnawo, Solomon Oluwaseun, Peter Odunayo Ayadi, and Mathew Temitope Oluwalope. "Chemical coagulation and biological techniques for wastewater treatment." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0003.

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Abstract This paper reports the effectiveness of chemical coagulation and biological techniques for the treatment of wastewater from industrial and agricultural operations. Agricultural husbandry has been reported to produce wastewater that has high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. A comparison on the use of organic and inorganic based coagulants as well as the optimum conditions required for high percentage removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater has been reviewed. At optimum experimental condition, ferric chloride coagulants were reported to yield 98, 95, 93 and 50 % removal of color, turbidity, iron and manganese. Moreover, chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation and biological methods have been reported to display a close range in their capacities for removing pollutants from wastewater. However, biological method was observed to be highly effective in the removal of pollutants from wastewater but requires more time and produces lesser volume of sludge, when compared to chemical method in the treatment of wastewater.

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Karpińska, Joanna, and Urszula Kotowska. "New Aspects of Occurrence and Removal of Emerging Pollutants." Water 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172418.

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Buxton, George V., and G. Arthur Salmon. "On the Chemistry of Inorganic Free Radicals in Cloud Water." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 28, no. 3 (July 2003): 257–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/007967403103165512.

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The chemistry by which the inorganic free radicals •OH, HO2•, O2•-, SOx•- (x = 3, 4, 5), NO3•, Cl• and Cl2•- lead to the formation of acid rain by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide and organic pollutants in cloud water is discussed in detail. Also considered are the sources of the radicals, their relative reactivities, their inter-conversion and the origins of the pollutants with which they react.

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Palani, Geetha, A. Arputhalatha, Karthik Kannan, Sivarama Krishna Lakkaboyana, Marlia M. Hanafiah, Vinay Kumar, and Ravi Kumar Marella. "Current Trends in the Application of Nanomaterials for the Removal of Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Treatment—A Review." Molecules 26, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 2799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092799.

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In the recent decades, development of new and innovative technology resulted in a very high amount of effluents. Industrial wastewaters originating from various industries contribute as a major source of water pollution. The pollutants in the wastewater include organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, and non-disintegrating materials. This pollutant poses a severe threat to the environment. Therefore, novel and innovative methods and technologies need to adapt for their removal. Recent years saw nanomaterials as a potential candidate for pollutants removal. Nowadays, a range of cost-effective nanomaterials are available with unique properties. In this context, nano-absorbents are excellent materials. Heavy metal contamination is widespread in underground and surface waters. Recently, various studies focused on the removal of heavy metals. The presented review article here focused on removal of contaminants originated from industrial wastewater utilizing nanomaterials.

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Agarwal, Neha, Vijendra Singh Solanki, Amel Gacem, Mohd Abul Hasan, Brijesh Pare, Amrita Srivastava, Anupama Singh, et al. "Bacterial Laccases as Biocatalysts for the Remediation of Environmental Toxic Pollutants: A Green and Eco-Friendly Approach—A Review." Water 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 4068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244068.

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Biological treatment methods for the biodegradation of anthropogenic toxic pollutants are eco-friendly in nature and are powered by a variety of microbial enzymes. Green chemistry and enzymes play a crucial role in catalyzing the biodegradation of organic and inorganic pollutants including azo dyes; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; lead; organic cyanides; aromatic amines; mono-, di-, and polyphenols; polymers; and mercury. Laccases form a prospective group of multifunctional oxidoreductase enzymes with great potential for oxidizing different categories of organic and inorganic pollutants and their diversified functions, such as pigment formation, lignin degradation, and detoxification of industrial wastes including xenobiotics mainly from the pharmaceutical, paper textile, and petrochemical industries. Therefore, it is very important to study laccases as green and environmentally friendly alternatives for the degradation of xenobiotics. This review article will cover comprehensive information about the functions and properties of bacterial laccases for a deep understanding of their scope and applications for effective bioremediation of recalcitrant xenobiotics.

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Behnajady, Mohammad A., and Mahsa Hajiahmadi. "Intensification of Azo Dye Removal Rate in the Presence of Immobilized Nanoparticles and Inorganic Anions under UV-C Irradiation: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/289290.

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Wastewaters contain inorganic anions that affect the removal rate of organic pollutants. The present study aims to optimize the effects of inorganic anions such as , Cl−, , and on the removal rate of an organic pollutant in the presence of immobilized TiO2nanoparticles using response surface methodology (RSM). C.I. Acid Red 17 (AR17) was used as a model organic pollutant. Thirty experiments were required to study the effects of anions in various concentrations. The results indicate that the addition of and ions intensifies the removal rate of AR17. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value ( and ). The results indicate that RSM is a suitable method for modeling and optimizing the process. The results prove that in the presence of and and ions especially in the combination situation the removal rate of AR17 is enhanced considerably. An important synergy effect was observed in the combination of and ions, so that AR17 removal percent under the optimized RSM conditions was considerably more than the sum of removal percent when these ions are used individually.

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Thirumavalavan, Munusamy, Ya-Ting Jhuang, and Jiunn-Fwu Lee. "Correction: Enhanced adsorption of inorganic and organic pollutants by amine modified sodium montmorillonite nanosheets." RSC Advances 5, no. 30 (2015): 23957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra90021b.

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Liljestrand, H. M., I. M.-C. Lo, and Y. Shimizu. "Sorption of Humic Materials onto Inorganic Surfaces for the Mitigation of Facilitated Pollutant Transport Processes." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1992): 1221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0564.

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The transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants in groundwaters is facilitated by sorption of these chemicals onto natural organics and transport with these materials. One strategy to mitigate pollutant transport through clay liners and slurry walls is to reduce the transport of the natural organics by enhancing their sorption onto the containment barrier materials. A controlled experimental study of the adsorption of humic acid onto typical inorganic constituents of soils was performed using two types of model solid phases: 1) pure solids (washed Na-montmorillonite clay, amorphous ferrihydrite, and amorphous aluminosilicate gel) and 2) binary combined phases (Na-montmorillonite coated with ferrihydrite or aluminosilicate gel). The combined phases were synthesized for a range of metal to clay mineral ratios. Adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the relative sorption affinity of these solid phases for humic acid. Addition of a ferrihydrite coating was found to increased the sorption of humic acid onto montmorillonite clay.

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Janoš, Pavel. "Iron Humate as a Multifunctional Sorbent for Inorganic and Organic Pollutants." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2005): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04055.

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Environmental Context. Humic substances can be used during treatment of wastewater, groundwater, leachates, and soil in various environmental engineering technologies, in which these abundant natural macromolecules can substitute for activated carbon and other, more expensive, organic and inorganic adsorbents. Moreover, toxic organic compounds can, once immobilized on the humates, become incorporated into the humate chemical structure and thereby circumvent the need for desorption. However, the complex chemical nature and inhomogeneous physical form of these materials means absorption mechanisms will be complicated and no single mechanism describes the process; in this study metals, organochlorines, and dyes are shown to be absorb differently. Abstract. Iron humate, produced from low-rank brown coal, can be used as an effective sorbent for substances as different as metal ions and low-polarity organic compounds (chlorophenols). The sorption capacities ranged from 0.024 to 0.324 mmol g–1 for metal ions and from 0.016 to 0.037 mmol g–1 for chlorophenols. Evidently, different mechanisms are responsible for the sorption of various chemical pollutants from aqueous solutions. Multimode sorption mechanisms play an important role also in the sorption of ionic compounds such as basic dyes in the presence of oppositely charged surfactants.

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Claverie, Garcia, Prevost, Brendlé, and Limousy. "Inorganic and Hybrid (Organic–Inorganic) Lamellar Materials for Heavy metals and Radionuclides Capture in Energy Wastes Management—A Review." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091399.

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The energy industry (nuclear, battery, mining industries, etc.) produces a large quantity of hazardous effluents that may contain radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr in particular) and heavy metals. One of the hardest tasks of environmental safety and sustainable development is the purification of wastewater holding these pollutants. Adsorption is one of the most powerful methods for extracting toxic compounds from wastewater. This study reviews the usefulness of clay minerals as adsorbent for removing these hazardous elements to clean up energy production processes. Phyllosilicates are able to extract several heavy metals from effluent, as widely examined. A particular focus is given to synthetic phyllosilicates and their abilities to entrap heavy metals with a special attention paid to those synthesized by sol-gel route. Indeed, this method is attractive since it allows the development of organic–inorganic hybrids from organosilanes presenting various functions (amino, thiol, etc.) that can interact with pollutants. Regarding these pollutants, a part of this review focuses on the interaction of lamellar materials (natural and synthetic phyllosilicates as well as layered double hydroxide) with heavy metals and another part deals with the adsorption of specific radionuclides, cesium and strontium.

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Vardali, Sofia C., Natalia Manousi, Mariusz Barczak, and Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis. "Novel Approaches Utilizing Metal-Organic Framework Composites for the Extraction of Organic Compounds and Metal Traces from Fish and Seafood." Molecules 25, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030513.

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The determination of organic and inorganic pollutants in fish samples is a complex and demanding process, due to their high protein and fat content. Various novel sorbents including graphene, graphene oxide, molecular imprinted polymers, carbon nanotubes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reported for the extraction and preconcentration of a wide range of contaminants from fish tissue. MOFs are crystalline porous materials that are composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic linkers. Those materials exhibit extraordinary properties including high surface area, tunable pore size as well as good thermal and chemical stability. Therefore, metal-organic frameworks have been recently used in many fields of analytical chemistry including sample pretreatment, fabrication of stationary phases and chiral separations. Various MOFs, and especially their composites or hybrids, have been successfully utilized for the sample preparation of fish samples for the determination of organic (i.e., antibiotics, antimicrobial compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) and inorganic pollutants (i.e., mercury, palladium, cadmium, lead, etc.) as such or after functionalization with organic compounds.

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Truu, Jaak, Marika Truu, Mikk Espenberg, Hiie Nõlvak, and Jaanis Juhanson. "Phytoremediation and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation in Soil and Treatment Wetlands: A Review." Open Biotechnology Journal 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701509010085.

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Phytoremediation is a technology that is based on the combined action of plants and their associated microbial communities to degrade, remove, transform, or immobilize toxic compounds located in soils, sediments, and more recently in polluted ground water and wastewater in treatment wetlands. Phytoremediation could be used to treat different types of contaminants including petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, pesticides, explosives, heavy metals and radionuclides in soil and water. The advantages of phytoremediation compared to conventional techniques are lower cost, low disruptiveness to the environment, public acceptance, and potentiality to remediate various pollutants. The use of plants in conjunction with plant associated bacteria (rhizosphere or endophytic) offers greater potential for bioremediation of organic compounds, and in some cases inorganic pollutants than using plants alone in bioremediation. The implementation of treatment wetlands for phytoremediation of wastewater or polluted water originating from various sources allows removing organic and inorganic pollutants from water in an environmentally friendly and economically feasible way. Presently, different processes of phytoremediation in treatment wetlands are less studied compared to phytoremediation of polluted soils. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the pollutant removal mechanisms in treatment wetlands with vegetation, and how based on this information to improve treatment wetland design and operational parameters to achieve more efficient treatment processes. This review covers basic processes of phytoremediation with special emphasis on rhizoremediation and plant-microbe interactions in plant–assisted biodegradation in soil and treatment wetlands.

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Kamesh, Brijendra Pratap Singh, Shailly Misra, Krishan Kumar Verma, Chandresh Kumar Singh, and Rajesh Kumar. "An emerging adsorption technology and its applicability on trees as an adsorbent for the remediation of water pollution: A review." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 02 (2023): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.014.

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Wastewater pollution and its treatment is an ever-increasing concern in the century because of the higher industrialization and urbanization. The expansion of industries is the leading cause of polluting water resources. A discharge from industries contains various organic and inorganic pollutants. The heavy metals which are mostly discharged from the industries include Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Copper (Co), Chromium (Cr), and Lead (Pb). These metals are toxic to human health and other living organisms. Water is an essential natural resource that reserves important flora and fauna on the earth. Therefore, it is necessary to remediate contaminated water from organic and inorganic pollutants. Chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, chemical oxidation, reduction ultrafiltration, electrolysis, and adsorption are some treatment processes used to remove heavy metals from wastewater effluent. Adsorption is the most promising technique used for the removal of water pollutants. This review surveys the various natural adsorbents used to remove water pollutants. Natural adsorbents are the most effective and low-cost adsorption techniques in which plant residuals (leaves, stems, roots, straw, etc.) are used to remove water pollutants from wastewater.

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Jiang, Ting Ting, Jia Lu, Hai Yu Wang, Bao Hui Wang, Hong Jing Han, and Hong Jun Wu. "Analysis on Toxic and Hazardous Substances of Polymer Surfactants Used in Oilfields." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1344.

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Polymer surfactant, which combines the advantages of polymer and surfactant, is a new type of oil displacement agents in oilfield.Meanwhile, the hazardous composition of the polymer surfactant is unknown.In order to clarify its potential impacts on the operator health during production,the hazardous composition and toxicity in the two solutions ,which polymer surfactants prepared by using fresh water and waste water were investigated.And the existence of inorganic and organic pollutants in the solution were also studied.The results were shown that determination of inorganic phosphorus and arsenic exceeded the standard limits.The polymer surfactant powder and solution extraction products were analyzed, it can be concluded basicly that there is no organic pollutants, or it can be ignorable.

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Feng, Shanshan, Fang Ma, Renfa Liu, Shouzhu Li, Xiaoda Li, Yushen Jin, Guanglei Fu, and Xiuli Yue. "Highly efficient removal of trace level dieldrin from water resources utilizing a cerasomal strategy." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 26 (2016): 10263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00969g.

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In this work, a novel cerasomal removal strategy for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from water resources is proposed for the first time using the synchronous cerasome-forming process of an organic–inorganic composite lipid to capture and remove POPs.

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Nóbrega, Eryka Thamyris Damascena, Iagê Terra Guedes de Oliveira, Anderson Dias Viana, Luiz Henrique da Silva Gasparotto, and Edgar Perin Moraes. "A low-cost sensor based on silver nanoparticles for determining chemical oxygen demand in wastewater via image processing analysis." Analytical Methods 11, no. 43 (2019): 5577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01755k.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ORGANIC/ INORGANIC POLLUTANTS'

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