Journal articles: 'Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells'

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Kalaph, Kawther A., Aqel Mashot Jafar, Nisreen Kh Abdalameer, and Amar Moula Hmood. "A Review on Recent Advances in Materials of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 9, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id181.

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This study is an emphasis on the metal halide perovskite solar cells that are susceptible to factors that influence their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Perovskite solar cells, also known as PSCs, have been shown to have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to a number of various factors. As they reached a power conversion efficiency of 25%, solar cells based on metal halide perovskite were a game-changer in the quest for photovoltaic performance. A flurry of activity in the fields of structure design, materials chemistry, process engineering, and device physics has helped the solid-state perovskite solar cell to become a leading contender for the next generation of solar energy harvesters in the world today. This follows up on the ground-breaking development of the solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012. This cell has a higher efficiency compared to commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells, as well as a lower cost of materials and processes. However, it has the disadvantage that these high efficiencies can only be obtained with lead-based perovskites, which increases the cost of the cell. As a result of this fact, a new study area on lead-free metal halide perovskites was established, and it is now exhibiting a remarkable degree of vibrancy. This provided us with the impetus to review this burgeoning area of research and discuss possible alternative elements according to current theoretical and practical investigations that might be utilized to replace lead in metal halide perovskites as well as the features of the perovskite materials that correspond to these elements.

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Ferri, Davide. "Catalysis by Metals on Perovskite-Type Oxides." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091062.

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Perovskites are currently on everyone’s lips and have made it in high-impact scientific journals because of the revolutionary hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials for solar cells [...]

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Ma, Zi-Qian, Xiuli Zhu, and Chuanhui Wang. "Design of Lead Hybrid Halide Perovskite for Solar Cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2473, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2473/1/012022.

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Abstract Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites solar cells have attracted extensive interest because of their outstanding properties, including an optimal band gap, high carrier mobility, and excellent optoelectronic merits. We study the electronic and crystal structural properties of hybrid organic-inorganic halide APbX3 (A = Cs, methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), X = I, Br) perovskites using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We find that halide atoms and A-site cations strongly affect their structural and electronic properties. The radius of a halide atom and the size of an organic molecule determine their lattice parameters and bond length. A relatively large halide atom can increase the value of the lattice parameters (a and b). Meanwhile, the electronic properties (band gap & carrier effective mass) of the Pb-based hybrid halide APbX3 can be effectively modified by adopting appropriate A- and X-site atoms or organic sections. We predict that HOIPs may have outstanding potential in solar light harvesting with promoted power conversion efficiency due to a tunable band gap and excellent electronic properties.

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Noel, Nakita K., Samuel D. Stranks, Antonio Abate, Christian Wehrenfennig, Simone Guarnera, Amir-Abbas Haghighirad, Aditya Sadhanala, et al. "Lead-free organic–inorganic tin halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications." Energy Environ. Sci. 7, no. 9 (2014): 3061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee01076k.

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Perovskite solar cells based on abundant low cost materials promise to compete on performance with mainstream PV. Here we demonstrate lead-free perovskite solar cells, removing a potential barrier to widespread deployment.

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Verma, Anil Kumar. "Challenges and Potential of Perovskite Solar Cells." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B) 35, no. 2 (January 2, 2023): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-6.

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A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight into electricity. There are different types of solar cells but in this literature mainly focuses on a type of new dominant solar cell material that has the name organo-metal halide perovskite, namely known as perovskite solar cells, in shortly PSCs . In this respect, the efficiency of power conversion is taken into account to replace the dominancy of traditional and second generation solar cell fields by perovskite solar cells. Perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell including a perovskite structure, usually a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide- based material. In this review, a comprehensive study of the perspective challenges and their potential has been highlighted for their future application. There are rigorous research efforts in aspects of device engineering, including physical and chemical passivation, and the use of a wide variety of organic and inorganic additives to develop the advanced PSCs.

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Li, Dan, Peizhe Liao, Xuxia Shai, Wenchao Huang, Shaungshuang Liu, Hao Li, Yan Shen, and Mingkui Wang. "Recent progress on stability issues of organic–inorganic hybrid lead perovskite-based solar cells." RSC Advances 6, no. 92 (2016): 89356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19801e.

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Bhatt, Mahesh Datt, and Jae Sung Lee. "Current progress and scientific challenges in the advancement of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 19 (2017): 10508–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj02691a.

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Mydhili, B., Ancy Albert, and C. O. Sreekala. "Mixed Organic Halide Perovskite Energy Harvester for Solar Cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2426, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012044.

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Abstract Organic- inorganic hybrid perovskite shows promising properties such as optical, electrical, and magnetic. To address issues in the standard methylammonium lead iodide perovskite such as toxicity and stability, lead was replaced with Cu in metal ion part and iodine replaced by chlorine in the anionic position. In this work, methyl ammonium copper chloride (MA2CuCl4) and phenyl ethyl ammonium copper chloride (PEA2CuCl4) were synthesised. Optical and structural property variations of solution obtained by mixing MA2CuCl4 and PEA2CuCl4 in 1:1 ratio was studied. Methylammonium lead iodide has a wide range of applications, particularly in solar cells and photovoltaic systems. Phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride material exhibits both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. Methylammonium copper chloride is hygroscopic and unstable. To increase the stability of the material the organic part can be replaced with higher-order functional groups. Phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride is found to be thermally stable and has more moisture resistance ability compared to methyl ammonium copper chloride. From angle of efficiency, methyl ammonium copper chloride possessed higher performance than phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride, particularly in the field of solar cell perovskites. Uv-vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR characterizations were done.

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Zhao, Jinjin, Liyu Wei, Chunmei Jia, Hao Tang, Xiao Su, Yun Ou, Zhenghao Liu, et al. "Metallic tin substitution of organic lead perovskite films for efficient solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 41 (2018): 20224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05282d.

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Mehtab-Ur-Rehman, Wang Qun, Yasar Ali, Fazal dayan, and Waqas khan. "Opto-electronic properties of organic-inorganic Tin-based perovskite: A theoretical investigations." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.1.0070.

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Lead-free perovskite gained much more attention of researchers in the field of electronics and photovoltaics due to the toxicity issue of the lead-based perovskite. Using first principle approach based on density functional theory (DFT), the electronic and optical properties of methylammonium tin halide (MTH) perovskite ASnX3 (A = CH3NH3, X = Cl, Br, I) is calculated, the key material for optoelectronic applications, especially for solar cells. The halide contents control the electronic and optical characteristics of material such as orbitals, density of states and optical conductivity. We have identified orbitals consisting of valence and conduction band. Furthermore, the compound ASnI3 shows a suitable band gap than all others compound which makes him suitable candidate for solar cells application.

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Hao, Feng, Constantinos C. Stoumpos, Duyen Hanh Cao, Robert P. H. Chang, and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis. "Lead-free solid-state organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells." Nature Photonics 8, no. 6 (May 4, 2014): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.82.

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Liu, Diwen, Qiaohong Li, Jinyu Hu, Huijuan Jing, and Kechen Wu. "Predicted photovoltaic performance of lead-based hybrid perovskites under the influence of a mixed-cation approach: theoretical insights." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 2 (2019): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04065f.

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Liang, Jia, Caixing Wang, Peiyang Zhao, Zhipeng Lu, Yue Ma, Zhaoran Xu, Yanrong Wang, et al. "Solution synthesis and phase control of inorganic perovskites for high-performance optoelectronic devices." Nanoscale 9, no. 33 (2017): 11841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr03530f.

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Harisingh, Shankar, Sujith Ramakrishnan, Michael Kulbak, Igal Levine, David Cahen, Bat-El Cohen, Lioz Etgar, and Micha Asscher. "CsPbBr3 and CH3NH3PbBr3 promote visible-light photo-reactivity." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 24 (2018): 16847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01235k.

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Ünlü, Feray, Meenal Deo, Sanjay Mathur, Thomas Kirchartz, and Ashish Kulkarni. "Bismuth-based halide perovskite and perovskite-inspired light absorbing materials for photovoltaics." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 113002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac3033.

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Abstract The efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased over 25% within a frame of ten years, which is phenomenal and indicative of the promising potential of perovskite materials in impacting the next generation solar cells. Despite high technology readiness of PSCs, the presence of lead has raised concerns about the adverse effect of lead on human health and the environment that may slow down or inhibit the commercialization of PSCs. Thus, there is a dire need to identify materials with lower toxicity profile and comparable optoelectronic properties in regard to lead-halide perovskites. In comparison to tin-, germanium-, and copper-based PSCs, which suffer from stability issues under ambient operation, bismuth-based perovskite and perovskite-inspired materials have gained attention because of their enhanced stability in ambient atmospheric conditions. In this topical review, we initially discuss the background of lead and various lead-free perovskite materials and further discuss the fundamental aspects of various bismuth-based perovskite and perovskite-inspired materials having a chemical formula of A3Bi2X9, A2B′BiX6, B′aBibXa+3b (A = Cs+, MA+ and bulky organic ligands; B′ = Ag+, Cu+; X = I−, Cl−, Br−) and bismuth triiodide (BiI3) semiconducting material particularly focusing on their structure, optoelectronic properties and the influence of compositional variation on the photovoltaic device performance and stability

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Singh, Trilok, Amreesh Chandra, Sakshi Kansal, Subrata Ghosh, Snehangshu Mishra, Dinesh Kumar, Shivam Porwal, and Binita Boro. "Perovskite Solar Cells: Assessment of the Materials, Efficiency, and Stability." Catalysis Research 02, no. 04 (October 14, 2022): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/cr.2204033.

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Solar cells based on organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites are popular in the photovoltaic community due to their high efficiency, low cost, and solution processability. Understanding the fundamentals of metal halide perovskite and its interfaces is extremely important for achieving high-quality materials and developing efficient devices using these materials with the necessary properties. Various methodologies have been used to evaluate the excellent optoelectronic properties, efficiency, and stability of PSCs. In this article, we reviewed the case studies of characterization techniques to investigate structural, optical, and electrical properties of perovskite material via electron microscopic techniques (SEM and TEM), <em>J-V</em> measurements, AFM, XRD, and spectroscopy techniques (PL, UV-vis, XPS, Raman, FTIR, and EIS). PSCs also need to have long-term stability and large-scale applicability for successful commercialization. In this review, we studied perovskite in detail to understand the key properties of the materials to facilitate the commercialization of PSCs.

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Sewvandi, Galhenage A., and J. T. S. T. Jayawardane. "First-principles calculation on electronic properties of Bismuth-halide inorganic perovskites for solar cell." Bolgoda Plains 01, no. 01 (October 2021): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.16.

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Solar energy is a commonly used alternate source of energy and it can be utilized based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect converts sun energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic devices (solar cells). A solar cell device should have high efficiency and a long lifetime to be commercially beneficial. Presently, silicon and thin-film solar cells are widely employed. The crystalline solar cells are more efficient but they are also expensive. Thin-film solar cells are formed by placing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic materials on different substrates. Although these cells have a lower cost, they are also less efficient compared to Si-based solar cells. Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising low-cost power conversion efficiency technologies that could exceed the 26% threshold. However, the lack of environmental stability and of high lead toxicity are the main bottlenecks that impede the future industrialization and commercialization hybrid lead halide perovskite. Hence It is important to achieve high power conversion efficiency while also maintaining stability and non-toxicity in the development of new lead-free perovskite materials.

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Liang, Zhenye, Chen Tian, Xiaoxi Li, Liwei Cheng, Shanglei Feng, Lifeng Yang, Yingguo Yang, and Lina Li. "Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystal: From Synthesis to Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234235.

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Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite is widely used in the photoelectric field due to its excellent photoelectric characteristics. Among them, perovskite single crystals have attracted much attention due to its lower trap density and better carrier transport capacity than their corresponding polycrystalline materials. Owing to these characteristics, perovskite single crystals have been widely used in solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diode (LED), and so on, which have greater potential than polycrystals in a series of optoelectronic applications. However, the fabrication of single-crystal devices is limited by size, thickness, and interface problems, which makes the development of single-crystal devices inferior to polycrystalline devices, which also limits their future development. Here, several representative optoelectronic applications of perovskite single crystals are introduced, and some existing problems and challenges are discussed. Finally, we outlook the growth mechanism of single crystals and further the prospects of perovskite single crystals in the further field of microelectronics.

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Yi, Zijun, Najib Haji Ladi, Xuxia Shai, Hao Li, Yan Shen, and Mingkui Wang. "Will organic–inorganic hybrid halide lead perovskites be eliminated from optoelectronic applications?" Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 4 (2019): 1276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8na00416a.

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In the development of perovskite solar cells, a new version of Don Quixote is needed if scientists are to keep on seeking the most celebrated works of literature, according to the evaluation criterion of ‘THE FIRST’ and ‘THE BEST’.

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Wang, Qiong, Nga Phung, Diego Di Girolamo, Paola Vivo, and Antonio Abate. "Enhancement in lifespan of halide perovskite solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 3 (2019): 865–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee02852d.

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Wu, Hsuan-Ta, Yu-Ting Cheng, Ching-Chich Leu, Shih-Hsiung Wu, and Chuan-Feng Shih. "Improving Two-Step Prepared CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Co-Doping Potassium Halide and Water in PbI2 Layer." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050666.

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Incorporating additives into organic halide perovskite solar cells is the typical approach to improve power conversion efficiency. In this paper, a methyl-ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) organic perovskite film was fabricated using a two-step sequential process on top of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transporting layer. Experimentally, water and potassium halides (KCl, KBr, and KI) were incorporated into the PbI2 precursor solution. With only 2 vol% water, the cell efficiency was effectively improved. Without water, the addition of all of the three potassium halides unanimously degraded the performance of the solar cells, although the crystallinity was improved. Co-doping with KI and water showed a pronounced improvement in crystallinity and the elimination of carrier traps, yielding a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.9%, which was approximately 60% higher than the pristine reference cell. The effect of metal halide and water co-doping in the PbI2 layer on the performance of organic perovskite solar cells was studied. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies indicated that a PbI2-dimethylformamide-water related adduct was formed upon co-doping. Photoluminescence enhancement was observed due to the co-doping of KI and water, indicating the defect density was reduced. Finally, the co-doping process was recommended for developing high-performance organic halide perovskite solar cells.

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Sani, Faruk, Suhaidi Shafie, Hong Lim, and Abubakar Musa. "Advancement on Lead-Free Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review." Materials 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2018): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11061008.

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Lu, Haizhou, Anurag Krishna, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Michael Grätzel, and Anders Hagfeldt. "Compositional and Interface Engineering of Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells." iScience 23, no. 8 (August 2020): 101359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101359.

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Lee, Jin Hee, Yu Jung Park, Jung Hwa Seo, and Bright Walker. "Hybrid Lead-Halide Polyelectrolytes as Interfacial Electron Extraction Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells." Polymers 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040743.

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A series of lead-halide based hybrid polyelectrolytes was prepared and used as interfacial layers in organic solar cells (OSCs) to explore their effect on the energy band structures and performance of OSCs. Nonconjugated polyelectrolytes based on ethoxylated polyethylenimine (PEIE) complexed with PbX2 (I, Br, and Cl) were prepared as polymeric analogs of the perovskite semiconductors CH3NH3PbX3. The organic/inorganic hybrid composites were deposited onto Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by solution processing, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements confirmed that the polyelectrolytes allowed the work function of the substrates to be controlled. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that Pb(II) halide complexes were present in the thin film and that the Pb halide species did not bond covalently with the cationic polymer and confirmed the absence of additional chemical bonds. The composite ratio of organic and inorganic materials was optimized to improve the performance of OSCs. When PbBr2 was complexed with the PEIE material, the efficiency increased up to 3.567% via improvements in open circuit voltage and fill factor from the control device (0.3%). These results demonstrate that lead-halide based polyelectrolytes constitute hybrid interfacial layers which provide a novel route to control device characteristics via variation of the lead halide composition.

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Parashar, Mritunjaya, and Anupama B. Kaul. "Methylammonium Lead Tri-Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Varying Equimolar Concentrations of Perovskite Precursors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 11689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411689.

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During recent years, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown remarkable progress. The emergence of various thin film deposition processes to produce perovskite films, notably using solution processing techniques, can be credited in part for this achievement. The engineering of chemical precursors using solution processing routes is a powerful approach for enabling low-cost and scalable solar fabrication processes. In the present study, we have conducted a systematic study to tune the equimolar precursor ratio of the organic halide (methylammonium iodide; MAI) and metal halide (lead iodide; PbI2) in a fixed solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF):dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The surface morphology, optical characteristics, and crystallinity of the films produced with these four distinct solutions were investigated, and our analysis shows that the MAI:PbI2 (1.5:1.5) film is optimal under the current conditions. The PSCs fabricated from the (1.5:1.5) formulation were then integrated into the n-i-p solar cell architecture on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, which exhibited a PCE of ~14.56%. Stability testing on this PSC device without encapsulation at 29 °C (ambient temperature) and 60% relative humidity (RH) under one-sun illumination while keeping the device at its maximum power point showed the device retained ~60% of initial PCE value after 10 h of continuous operation. Moreover, the recombination analysis between all four formulations showed that the bimolecular recombination and trap-assisted recombination appeared to be suppressed in the more optimal (1.5:1.5) PSC device when compared to the other formulations used in the n-i-p PSC architecture.

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Adjogri, Shadrack J., and Edson L. Meyer. "A Review on Lead-Free Hybrid Halide Perovskites as Light Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications Based on Their Structural, Optical, and Morphological Properties." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215039.

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Despite the advancement made by the scientific community in the evolving photovoltaic technologies, including the achievement of a 29.1% power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells over the past two decades, there are still numerous challenges facing the advancement of lead-based halide perovskite absorbers for perovskite photovoltaic applications. Among the numerous challenges, the major concern is centered around the toxicity of the emerging lead-based halide perovskite absorbers, thereby leading to drawbacks for their pragmatic application and commercialization. Hence, the replacement of lead in the perovskite material with non-hazardous metal has become the central focus for the actualization of hybrid perovskite technology. This review focuses on lead-free hybrid halide perovskites as light absorbers with emphasis on how their chemical compositions influence optical properties, morphological properties, and to a certain extent, the stability of these perovskite materials.

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Yang, Haifeng, Hui Wang, Ke Wang, Dongqi Liu, Lifang Zhao, Dazheng Chen, Weidong Zhu, Jincheng Zhang, and Chunfu Zhang. "Recent Progress of Film Fabrication Process for Carbon-Based All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells." Crystals 13, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040679.

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Although the certified power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.7%, their thermal and long-term stability is a major challenge due to volatile organic components. This problem has been a major obstacle to their large-scale commercialization. In the last few years, carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (C−IPSCs) have exhibited high stability and low-cost advantages by adopting the all-inorganic component with cesium lead halide (CsPbI3−xBrx, x = 0 ~ 3) and eliminating the hole-transporting layer by using cheap carbon paste as the back electrode. So far, many astonishing developments have been achieved in the field of C−IPSCs. In particular, the unencapsulated CsPbBr3 C-IPSCs exhibit excellent stability over thousands of hours in an ambient environment. In addition, the power conversion efficiencies of CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br C-IPSCs have exceeded 15%, which is close to that of commercial multicrystalline solar cells. Obtaining high-quality cesium lead halide-based perovskite films is the most important aspect in the preparation of high-performance C-IPSCs. In this review, the main challenges in the high-quality film fabrication process for high performance C-IPSCs are summarized and the film fabrication process strategies for CsPbBr3, CsPbIBr2, CsPbI2Br, and CsPbI3 are systematically discussed, respectively. In addition, the prospects for future film fabrication processes for C-IPSCs are proposed.

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Tai, Edward Guangqing, Ryan Taoran Wang, Jason Yuanzhe Chen, and Gu Xu. "A Water-Stable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite for Solar Cells by Inorganic Passivation." Crystals 9, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9020083.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been a trending topic in recent years. Significant progress has been made to increase their power conversion efficiency (PCE) to more than 20%. However, the poor stability of PSCs in both working and non-working conditions results in rapid degradation through multiple environmental erosions such as water, heat, and UV light. Attempts have been made to resolve the rapid-degradation problems, including formula changes, transport layer improvements, and encapsulations, but none of these have effectively resolved the dilemma. This paper reports our findings on adding inorganic films as surface-passivation layers on top of the hybrid perovskite materials, which not only enhance stability by eliminating weak sites but also prevent water penetration by using a water-stable layer. The surface-passivated hybrid perovskite layer indicates a slight increase of bandgap energy (Eg=1.76 eV), compared to the original methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3, Eg=1.61 eV) layer, allowing for more stable perovskite layer with a small sacrifice in the photoluminescence property, which represents a lower charge diffusion rate and higher bandgap energy. Our finding offers an alternative approach to resolving the low stability issue for PSC fabrication.

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Junkman, Dakota, Dayton J. Vogel, Yulun Han, and Dmitri S. Kilin. "Ab Initio Analysis of Charge Carrier Dynamics in Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1776 (2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.782.

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ABSTRACTToday’s conversion of solar energy into electricity is based on silicon, which is pure, eventually crystalline, and its most efficient transitions are away from solar radiation maximum. The continuous search of efficient photovoltaic materials has recently focused on lead-halide organic-inorganic perovskite materials due to the very flexible, sustainable, and forgiving procedure of their fabrication, which is successful even if the concentrations of precursors, and temperature regimes deviate from optimal values. In addition to simple fabrication, this class of materials provides impressively high efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Attention to these materials helps to understand the mechanisms of their high efficiencies and to identify other materials with same type of properties. This work presents computational analysis of photo-induced processes in perovskite materials at ambient temperatures.

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Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, Yanqi Luo, Thomas M. Brenner, Jordan Snaider, Shijing Sun, Xueying Li, Mallory A. Jensen, et al. "Homogenized halides and alkali cation segregation in alloyed organic-inorganic perovskites." Science 363, no. 6427 (February 7, 2019): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5065.

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The role of the alkali metal cations in halide perovskite solar cells is not well understood. Using synchrotron-based nano–x-ray fluorescence and complementary measurements, we found that the halide distribution becomes homogenized upon addition of cesium iodide, either alone or with rubidium iodide, for substoichiometric, stoichiometric, and overstoichiometric preparations, where the lead halide is varied with respect to organic halide precursors. Halide homogenization coincides with long-lived charge carrier decays, spatially homogeneous carrier dynamics (as visualized by ultrafast microscopy), and improved photovoltaic device performance. We found that rubidium and potassium phase-segregate in highly concentrated clusters. Alkali metals are beneficial at low concentrations, where they homogenize the halide distribution, but at higher concentrations, they form recombination-active second-phase clusters.

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Igbari, Femi, Meng Li, Yun Hu, Zhao-Kui Wang, and Liang-Sheng Liao. "A room-temperature CuAlO2hole interfacial layer for efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 4 (2016): 1326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta07957h.

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The fabrication and device parameters of inverted planar heterojunction (PHJ) organic–inorganic lead mixed-halide (CH₃NH₃PbI_3−xCl_x) perovskite based solar cells (PSCs) using a:CuAlO₂as the hole selective buffer layer between the ITO electrode and PEDOT:PSS were demonstrated.

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Park, Helen Hejin. "Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Inorganic Hole Transport Materials." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010112.

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Although power conversion efficiencies of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are approaching those of single-crystal silicon solar cells, the working device stability due to internal and external factors, such as light, temperature, and moisture, is still a key issue to address. The current world-record efficiency of PSCs is based on organic hole transport materials, which are usually susceptible to degradation from heat and diffusion of dopants. A simple solution would be to replace the generally used organic hole transport layers (HTLs) with a more stable inorganic material. This review article summarizes recent contributions of inorganic hole transport materials to PSC development, focusing on aspects of device performance and long-term stability. Future research directions of inorganic HTLs in the progress of PSC research and challenges still remaining will also be discussed.

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Khan, Danish, Muhammad Mateen, Zulqarnain Arain, Manoj Kumar Panjwani, and Jerry Kumar. "Improving Opto-Electronic Performance of Mixed-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells Through Surface-Treatment Strategy." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3084.

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Among thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells are receiving close review by the researchers due to rapid increase in efficiency during the last decade. Mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) are easy in fabrication as well as cost-effective but these solar cells are facing challenges of stability under normal environmental conditions. Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are polycrystalline in nature but still lacking the effective optical and electrical properties, and one of the big reasons behind it is the less grain size. In this study, formamidinium lead iodide (FAI) treatment was applied along with deposition of MAPbI3. The grain size was increased which further decreased defects of film surface and grain boundary between the grains. The treatment also helped improving the crystallinity of films, as well as opto-electronic characteristics of PSCs. The FAI treated PSCs showed more resilience stability than untreated PSCs in terms of aged power conversion efficiency (PCE). The complete investigation was done by comparing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, X-ray diffraction peaks, UV-Vis absorbance and mean grain size of the FAI treated and non-FAI treated films.

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Lye, Yuen-Ean, Kah-Yoong Chan, and Zi-Neng Ng. "A Review on the Progress, Challenges, and Performances of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030585.

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In this twenty-first century, energy shortages have become a global issue as energy demand is growing at an astounding rate while the energy supply from fossil fuels is depleting. Thus, the urge to develop sustainable renewable energy to replace fossil fuels is significant to prevent energy shortages. Solar energy is the most promising, accessible, renewable, clean, and sustainable substitute for fossil fuels. Third-generation (3G) emerging solar cell technologies have been popular in the research field as there are many possibilities to be explored. Among the 3G solar cell technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most rapidly developing technology, making them suitable for generating electricity efficiently with low production costs. However, the toxicity of Pb in organic–inorganic metal halide PSCs has inherent shortcomings, which will lead to environmental contamination and public health problems. Therefore, developing a lead-free perovskite solar cell is necessary to ensure human health and a pollution-free environment. This review paper summarized numerous types of Sn-based perovskites with important achievements in experimental-based studies to date.

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Dar, M. Ibrahim, Gwénolé Jacopin, Simone Meloni, Alessandro Mattoni, Neha Arora, Ariadni Boziki, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Ursula Rothlisberger, and Michael Grätzel. "Origin of unusual bandgap shift and dual emission in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1601156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601156.

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Emission characteristics of metal halide perovskites play a key role in the current widespread investigations into their potential uses in optoelectronics and photonics. However, a fundamental understanding of the molecular origin of the unusual blueshift of the bandgap and dual emission in perovskites is still lacking. In this direction, we investigated the extraordinary photoluminescence behavior of three representatives of this important class of photonic materials, that is, CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbBr3, and CH(NH2)2PbBr3, which emerged from our thorough studies of the effects of temperature on their bandgap and emission decay dynamics using time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The low-temperature (<100 K) photoluminescence of CH3NH3PbI3and CH3NH3PbBr3reveals two distinct emission peaks, whereas that of CH(NH2)2PbBr3shows a single emission peak. Furthermore, irrespective of perovskite composition, the bandgap exhibits an unusual blueshift by raising the temperature from 15 to 300 K. Density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations allow for assigning the additional photoluminescence peak to the presence of molecularly disordered orthorhombic domains and also rationalize that the unusual blueshift of the bandgap with increasing temperature is due to the stabilization of the valence band maximum. Our findings provide new insights into the salient emission properties of perovskite materials, which define their performance in solar cells and light-emitting devices.

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Long, Yi, Kun Liu, Yongli Zhang, and Wenzhe Li. "Ambient Air Temperature Assisted Crystallization for Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113398.

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Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites, as alternative light absorbers for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, have attracted more and more attention due to their superb thermal stability for photovoltaic applications. However, the humid air instability of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hinders their further development. The optoelectronic properties of CsPbI2Br films are closely related to the quality of films, so preparing high-quality perovskite films is crucial for fabricating high-performance PSCs. For the first time, we demonstrate that the regulation of ambient temperature of the dry air in the glovebox is able to control the growth of CsPbI2Br crystals and further optimize the morphology of CsPbI2Br film. Through controlling the ambient air temperature assisted crystallization, high-quality CsPbI2Br films are obtained, with advantages such as larger crystalline grains, negligible crystal boundaries, absence of pinholes, lower defect density, and faster carrier mobility. Accordingly, the PSCs based on as-prepared CsPbI2Br film achieve a power conversion efficiency of 15.5% (the maximum stabilized power output of 15.02%). Moreover, the optimized CsPbI2Br films show excellent robustness against moisture and oxygen and maintain the photovoltaic dark phase after 3 h aging in an air atmosphere at room temperature and 35% relative humidity (R.H.). In comparison, the pristine films are completely converted to the yellow phase in 1.5 h.

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Aziz, Issa M., Raad N. Salih, and Mohammed K. Jaqsi. "Synthesizing and characterization of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals solar cells from reused car batteries." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 10 (April 30, 2023): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v10i.8839.

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With the rapid increase of efficiency up to 23.7% during the past few years, hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research “hot spot” for many solar cell researchers. The perovskite materials show various advantages due to unique characteristics of perovskite materials, such as high photo-to-electric conversion efficiency, direct band gap, high light absorption coefficient, high charge-carrier mobility and long electron-hole electron transport distance. The low-cost fabrication techniques together with the high efficiency makes PSCs comparable with Si-based solar cells. This paper begins with the discussion of crystal structures of perovskite based on recent research findings. The following part of this paper discussion of synthetic process of lead iodide perovskite materials from lead-acid battery and Harvesting material from the anodes and cathodes of car battery; synthesizing PbI2 from the collected materials and compare with pure Lead iodide to know the absolute by XRD peak, depositing lead iodide perovskite nanocrystals. Efficient flexible PSCs are fabricated onto FTO glass substrate by a two-step coating method under ambient condition. By adjusting the concentration of precursor CH3NH3I (MAI), the morphology and thickness of perovskite layer is effectively tailored, according to SEM analysis and using TiO2 as electron transport layer instead of ZnO and CuI instead of spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer.

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Das, Arnob, Susmita Datta Peu, Md Abdul Mannan Akanda, Mostafa M. Salah, Md Sejan Hossain, and Barun Kumar Das. "Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Inorganic Lead-Free Cs3Bi2I9-Based Perovskite Photovoltaic Cell: Impact of Various Design Parameters." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052328.

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The lead halide-based perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the photovoltaic industry due to their high efficiency, easy manufacturing, lightweight, and low cost. However, these lead halide-based perovskite solar cells are not manufactured commercially due to lead-based toxicity. To investigate lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), we investigated a novel Cs3Bi2I9-based perovskite configuration in SCAPS-1D software using different hole transport layers (HTLs). At the same time, WS2 is applied as an electron transport layer (ETL). Comparative analysis of the various design configurations reveals that ITO/WS2/Cs3Bi2I9/PEDOT:PSS/Au offers the best performance with 20.12% of power conversion efficiency (PCE). After optimizing the thickness, bandgap, defect density, and carrier density, the efficiency of the configuration is increased from 20.12 to 24.91%. Improvement in other performance parameters such as short circuit current (17.325 mA/cm2), open circuit voltage (1.5683 V), and fill factor (91.66%) are also observed after tuning different attributes. This investigation indicates the potential application of Cs3Bi2I9 as a lead-free and stable perovskite material that can contribute to improving the renewable energy sector.

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Kim, Kang-Pil, Wook Kim, Soo Kwon, Jun Kim, Yun Do, and Sungho Woo. "Enhanced Light Absorption by Facile Patterning of Nano-Grating on Mesoporous TiO2 Photoelectrode for Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051233.

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CsPbIBr2, a cesium-based all-inorganic halide perovskite (CsPe), is a very promising alternative material to mainstream organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite (HPe) materials owing to its exceptional moisture stability, thermal stability, and light stability. However, because of the wide band gap (2.05 eV) of CsPbIBr2, it has a low power conversion efficiency (PCE), which hinders its application in highly efficient solar cells. In this study, a facile nanoimprinted one-dimensional grating nanopattern (1D GNP) formation on mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2) photoelectrodes was introduced to improve the effective light utilization and enhance the performance of CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The 1D GNP structure on the mp-TiO2 layer increases the light absorption efficiency by diffracting the unabsorbed light into the active mp-TiO2 and CsPbIBr2 layers as well as increasing the charge separation and collection due to the extended interfacial contact area between the mp-TiO2 and CsPbIBr2 layers. Consequently, both the current density (JSC) and the fill factor (FF) of the fabricated cells improved, leading to over a 20% enhancement in the solar cell’s PCE. Thus, this periodic grating structure, fabricated by simple nanoimprinting, could play an important role in the large-scale production of highly efficient and cost-effective Cs-based PSCs.

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Gai, Cuili, Jigang Wang, Yongsheng Wang, and Junming Li. "The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010002.

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Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation solar cells as their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has rapidly increased up to 25.2%. However, the most efficient halide perovskite materials all contain toxic lead. Replacing the lead cation with environmentally friendly tin (Sn) is proposed as an important alternative. Today, the inferior performance of Sn-based PSCs mainly due to two challenging issues, namely the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and the low formation energies of Sn vacancies. Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite, in which the large sized organic cations confine the corner sharing BX6 octahedra, exhibits higher formation energy than that of three-dimensional (3D) structure halide perovskite. The approach of mixing a small amount of 2D into 3D Sn-based perovskites was demonstrated as an efficient method to produce high performance perovskite films. In this review, we first provide an overview of key points for making high performance PSCs. Then we give an introduction to the physical parameters of 3D ASnX3 (MA+, FA+, and Cs+) perovskite and a photovoltaic device based on them, followed by an overview of 2D/3D halide perovskites based on ASnX3 (MA+ and FA+) and their optoelectronic applications. The current challenges and a future outlook of Sn-based PSCs are discussed in the end. This review will give readers a better understanding of the 2D/3D Sn-based PSCs.

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Ahmed, Muhammad Imran, Amir Habib, and Syed Saad Javaid. "Perovskite Solar Cells: Potentials, Challenges, and Opportunities." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/592308.

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Heralded as a major scientific breakthrough of 2013, organic/inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have ushered in a new era of renewed efforts at increasing the efficiency and lowering the cost of solar energy. As a potential game changer in the mix of technologies for alternate energy, it has emerged from a modest beginning in 2012 to efficiencies being claimed at 20.1% in a span of just two years. This remarkable progress, encouraging at one end, also points to the possibility that the potential may still be far from being fully realized. With greater insight into the photophysics involved and optimization of materials and methods, this technology stands to match or even exceed the efficiencies for single crystal silicon solar cells. With thin film solution processability, applicability to flexible substrates, and being free of liquid electrolyte, this technology combines the benefits of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs), and thin film solar cells. In this review we present a brief historic perspective to this development, take a cognizance of the current state of the art, and highlight challenges and the opportunities.

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Shekargoftar, Masoud, Jana Jurmanová, and Tomáš Homola. "A Study on the Effect of Ambient Air Plasma Treatment on the Properties of Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 7, 2019): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090991.

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Organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials are considered excellent active layers in the fabrication of highly efficient and low-cost photovoltaic devices. This contribution demonstrates that rapid and low-temperature air-plasma treatment of mixed organic-inorganic halide perovskite film is a promising technique, controlling its opto-electrical surface properties by changing the ratio of organic-to-inorganic components. Plasma treatment of perovskite films was performed with high power-density (25 kW/m2 and 100 W/cm3) diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) at 70 °C in ambient air. The results show that short plasma treatment time (1 s, 2 s, and 5 s) led to a relatively enlargement of grain size, however, longer plasma treatment time (10 s and 20 s) led to an etching of the surface. The band-gap energy of the perovskite films was related to the duration of plasma treatment; short periods (≤5 s) led to a widening of the band gap from ~1.66 to 1.73 eV, while longer exposure (>5 s) led to a narrowing of the band gap to approx. 1.63 eV and fast degradation of the film due to etching. Surface analysis demonstrated that the film became homogeneous, with highly oriented crystals, after short plasma treatment; however, prolonging the plasma treatment led to morphological disorders and partial etching of the surface. The plasma treatment approach presented herein addresses important challenges in current perovskite solar cells: tuning the optoelectronic properties and manufacturing homogeneous perovskite films.

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Zhang, Hui, and Johann Toudert. "Optical management for efficiency enhancement in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells." Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 19, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2018.1458578.

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Gu, Jinyu, Gangbin Yan, Yuebin Lian, Qiaoqiao Mu, Huidong Jin, Zaichao Zhang, Zhao Deng, and Yang Peng. "Bandgap engineering of a lead-free defect perovskite Cs3Bi2I9through trivalent doping of Ru3+." RSC Advances 8, no. 45 (2018): 25802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra04422h.

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Inorganic defect halide compounds such as Cs₃Bi₂I₉have been regarded as promising alternatives to overcome the instability and toxicity issues of conventional perovskite solar cells.

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Kumar, Ashwani, K. L. Singh, and S. K. Tripathi. "Effect on Morphology and Optical Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductor Thin Films Fabricated Layer by Layer." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17493.

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In recent time, organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells govern photovoltaic field, due to its remarkable development on the power conversion process. Still, large variations in device efficiency and basic physical properties are reported. This is due to variations during film fabrications and consecutive treatments employed. Here, we report a layer by layer deposition of inorganic perovskite (CsBi3I10) and lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) thin films. We find that the absorbance for corresponding thin film goes on increasing dramatically. UV-vis spectrum of film recorded to find the band gap of films, ˜1.55 eV optical band gap have been obtained for the film fabricated layer by layer. We further study the fabrication of different perovskite layers impact on microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties. The optical and structural characterization outcomes all suggests the perovskite films processed by using the layer by layer fabrication are well controlled, making this processes an auspicious technique to fabricate thin-films for numerous prospective device applications and scientific studies.

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Patil, Jyoti V., Sawanta S. Mali, and Chang Kook Hong. "A thiourea additive-based quadruple cation lead halide perovskite with an ultra-large grain size for efficient perovskite solar cells." Nanoscale 11, no. 45 (2019): 21824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07377a.

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Ha, Son Tung, Xinfeng Liu, Qing Zhang, David Giovanni, Tze Chien Sum, and Qihua Xiong. "Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Towards High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Optoelectronic Devices." Advanced Optical Materials 2, no. 9 (May 23, 2014): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400106.

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Gollino, Liam, Nicolas Mercier, and Thierry Pauporté. "Exploring Solar Cells Based on Lead- and Iodide-Deficient Halide Perovskite (d-HP) Thin Films." Nanomaterials 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2023): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13071245.

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Perovskite solar cells have become more and more attractive and competitive. However, their toxicity induced by the presence of lead and their rather low stability hinders their potential and future commercialization. Reducing lead content while improving stability then appears as a major axis of development. In the last years, we have reported a new family of perovskite presenting PbI+ unit vacancies inside the lattice caused by the insertion of big organic cations that do not respect the Goldschmidt tolerance factor: hydroxyethylammonium HO-(CH2)2-NH3+ (HEA+) and thioethylammonium HS-(CH2)2-NH3+ (TEA+). These perovskites, named d-HPs for lead and halide-deficient perovskites, present a 3D perovskite corner-shared Pb1−xI3−x network that can be assimilated to a lead-iodide-deficient MAPbI3 or FAPbI3 network. Here, we propose the chemical engineering of both systems for solar cell optimization. For d-MAPbI3-HEA, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 11.47% while displaying enhanced stability and reduced lead content of 13% compared to MAPbI3. On the other hand, d-FAPbI3-TEA delivered a PCE of 8.33% with astounding perovskite film stability compared to classic α-FAPI. The presence of TEA+ within the lattice impedes α-FAPI degradation into yellow δ-FAPbI3 by direct degradation into inactive Pb(OH)I, thus dramatically slowing the aging of d-FAPbI3-TEA perovskite.

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Furasova, A. D., G. Hix, S. V. Makarov, and A. Di Carlo. "Mesoporous perovskite solar cells with Al- and Zn-based metal-organic frameworks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012042.

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Abstract The improvement of lead halide perovskites solar cells (PSC) by hydrophobic metal-organic frameworks (MOF) is one of the promising tools for modern photovoltaic technology to achieve stable and efficient thin-film devices. To show the MOF applicability for PSC, we incorporate two types of MOF: NH2-MIL-53(Al) and basolite Z1200 in n-i-p mesoporous MAPbI3 based solar cells that can add 2.2% efficiency by increasing main photovoltaic parameters. The simplicity of the proposed MOF’s integration allows to use and adopt this approach to incorporate other frameworks for thin-film perovskite devices.

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Wang, Xiaoqian, Wanli Liu, Jiazhen He, Yuqing Li, and Yong Liu. "Synthesis of All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Potential Photoelectric Catalysis Applications." Catalysts 13, no. 7 (June 27, 2023): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13071041.

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Compared with conventional semiconductors, halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have a unique crystal structure and outstanding optoelectronic properties, offering wide potential for applications in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and displays. Rational technological design is providing vital support for the development of perovskite optoelectronics. Herein, monodisperse all-inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals with consistent morphology and cubic crystal phase were synthesized employing a modified one-pot hot injection method to independently modulate the stoichiometric ratios of three precursors involving cesium salt, lead source, and halide. In combination with an anion exchange reaction, mixing two kinds of perovskite NCs with different halogens enables a transition from violet emission to green and finally to red emission over the entire visible region. Additionally, optical and electrochemical tests suggested that the as-synthesized halide perovskite NCs are promising for photoelectric catalysis applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells'

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