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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic groups'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Yamamoto, Katsutoshi, Yuki Nohara, Yusuke Domon, Yoko Takahashi, Yasuyuki Sakata, Jacques Plévert, and Takashi Tatsumi. "Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Zeolites with Framework Organic Groups." Chemistry of Materials 17, no. 15 (July 2005): 3913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm048367g.

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2

Wan, Ying, Dieqing Zhang, Na Hao, and Dongyuan Zhao. "Organic groups functionalised mesoporous silicates." International Journal of Nanotechnology 4, no. 1/2 (2007): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2007.012316.

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3

Hodge, P. "Protective groups in organic synthesis." Polymer 33, no. 16 (January 1992): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(92)91123-j.

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4

Wilson, A. J. C. "Space groups rare for organic compounds." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 43, a1 (August 12, 1987): C289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767387077717.

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5

Dral, A. Petra, and Johan E. ten Elshof. "Organic groups influencing microporosity in organosilicas." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 267 (September 2018): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.03.036.

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6

Creyghton, Edward J. "Organic groups cling to the pores." Nature 393, no. 6680 (May 1998): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29886.

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7

Ravikumar, Velayutham, Andrea Fin, Naomi Sakai, and Stefan Matile. "Solubilising groups: a conceptual equivalent of protecting groups in organic synthesis." Supramolecular Chemistry 23, no. 1-2 (August 31, 2010): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10610278.2010.510193.

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8

Surtiningsih, Tini, Fatimah Fatimah, Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh, Agus Supriyanto, and Tri Nurhariyati. "PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PADA KELOMPOK TANI DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v2i1.2018.21-24.

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This community service aims to apply the method of making and liquid organic fertilizer and improving the skills of farmers in making liquid organic fertilizer. In addition to reducing the dependence of farmer groups on inorganic fertilizers and utilizing the results of sugarcane waste, namely molasses and microbes as a formula in the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer. The method that was carried out was to increase insight into liquid organic fertilizer, and how to make it. The results of the socialization of liquid organic fertilizers showed that the insights of farmer groups increased by an average of 77% through the pretest and post test values during socialization. Based on the evaluation shows that the farmer group has been able to make liquid organic fertilizer independently. The socialization of making liquid organic fertilizer provides additional insight for farmer groups on the use of liquid organic fertilizer for agriculture.AbstrakPengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan cara pembuatan dan pupuk organik cair dan meningkatkan keterampilan petani dalam membuat pupuk organik cair. Selain itu untuk mengurangi ketergantungan kelompok tani terhadap pupuk anorganik dan memanfaatkan hasil limbah tebu yaitu molase dan mikroba sebagai formula dalam pembuatan pupuk organik cair. Metode yang dilakukan adalah peningkatan wawasan mengenai pupuk organik cair, dan cara pembuatannya. Hasil sosialisasi pupuk organik cairmenunjukkan bahwa wawasan kelompok tani meningkat rata-rata sebesar 77% melalui nilai pretest dan post test saat sosialisasi. Berdasarkan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tani telah mampu membuat pupuk organik cair secara mandiri. Sosialisasi pembuatan pupuk organik cair memberikan tambahan wawasan bagi kelompok tani terhadap pemanfaatan pupuk organik cair bagi pertanian.

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9

Jarowicki, Krzysztof, and Philip Kocienski. "Protecting groups." Contemporary Organic Synthesis 2, no. 5 (1995): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/co9950200315.

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10

Jarowicki, Krzysztof, and Philip Kocienski. "Protecting groups." Contemporary Organic Synthesis 3, no. 5 (1996): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/co9960300397.

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11

Jarowicki, Krzysztof, and Philip Kocienski. "Protecting groups." Contemporary Organic Synthesis 4, no. 6 (1997): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/co9970400454.

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12

Wilson, A. J. C. "Space groups rare for organic structures. Erratum." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767388014205.

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13

FREEMANT, MICHAEL. "Bulk silica imprinted with organic functional groups." Chemical & Engineering News 78, no. 4 (January 24, 2000): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n004.p016.

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14

Orain, David, John Ellard, and Mark Bradley. "Protecting Groups in Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 4, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc0001093.

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15

Tsukanov, A. V., A. D. Dubonosov, V. A. Bren, and V. I. Minkin. "Organic chemosensors with crown-ether groups (review)." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 44, no. 8 (August 2008): 899–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-008-0132-3.

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16

Abrams, Jonathan. "Interactions between organic nitrates and thiol groups." American Journal of Medicine 91, no. 3 (September 1991): S106—S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(91)90292-6.

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17

Jun, C. H., and J. W. Park. "Immobilization of Organic Functional Groups onto Silica." Synfacts 2010, no. 09 (August 23, 2010): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1257987.

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18

Sugiyama, Yusuke, Hirotaka Okamoto, and Hideyuki Nakano. "Synthesis of Siloxene Derivatives with Organic Groups." Chemistry Letters 39, no. 9 (September 5, 2010): 938–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2010.938.

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19

Menger, Fredric M. "Groups of Organic Molecules That Operate Collectively." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 30, no. 9 (September 1991): 1086–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199110861.

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20

White, J. D. "Protecting Groups." Synthesis 1994, no. 11 (1994): 1195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1994-25671.

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21

Deshpande, Rajesh K., Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Geoffrey B. Jameson, and Shane G. Telfer. "Photolabile protecting groups in metal–organic frameworks: preventing interpenetration and masking functional groups." Chem. Commun. 48, no. 10 (2012): 1574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cc12884a.

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22

Ravikumar, Velayutham, Andrea Fin, Naomi Sakai, and Stefan Matile. "ChemInform Abstract: Solubilizing Groups: A Conceptual Equivalent of Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis." ChemInform 42, no. 39 (September 1, 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201139260.

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23

Kadish, Dora, Aaron D. Mood, Mohammadamin Tavakoli, Eugene S. Gutman, Pierre Baldi, and David L. Van Vranken. "Methyl Cation Affinities of Canonical Organic Functional Groups." Journal of Organic Chemistry 86, no. 5 (February 17, 2021): 3721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c02327.

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24

Heping, Sun, and Wu Yulin. "Chinese Nomenclature of Substituent Groups in Organic Chemistry." University Chemistry 30, no. 2 (2015): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx20150261.

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25

Suswadi, Ratih Dwi Kartikasari, and Setie Harieni. "Organic Vegetable Sustainability Strategies of Youth Farmer Groups." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 828, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/828/1/012010.

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26

Margelefsky, Eric L., Ryan K. Zeidan, and Mark E. Davis. "Cooperative catalysis by silica-supported organic functional groups." Chemical Society Reviews 37, no. 6 (2008): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b710334b.

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27

Kong, Xueqian, Hexiang Deng, Fangyong Yan, Jihan Kim, Joseph A. Swisher, Berend Smit, Omar M. Yaghi, and Jeffrey A. Reimer. "Mapping of Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Frameworks." Science 341, no. 6148 (July 25, 2013): 882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1238339.

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We determined the heterogeneous mesoscale spatial apportionment of functional groups in a series of multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOF-5) containing BDC (1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) linkers with different functional groups—B (BDC-NH2), E (BDC-NO2), F [(BDC-(CH3)2], H [BDC-(OC3H5)2], and I [BDC-(OC7H7)2]—using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements combined with molecular simulations. Our analysis reveals that these methods discern between random (EF), alternating (EI and EHI), and various cluster (BF) forms of functional group apportionments. This combined synthetic, characterization, and computational approach predicts the adsorptive properties of crystalline MTV-MOF systems. This methodology, developed in the context of ordered frameworks, is a first step in resolving the more general problem of spatial disorder in other ordered materials, including mesoporous materials, functionalized polymers, and defect distributions within crystalline solids.

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28

Shimizu, Shunsuke, Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita, Yuko Takeoka, and Masahiro Rikukawa. "Novel Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Compounds Having Phosphonium Groups." ACS Omega 4, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 13260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01415.

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29

Plante, Obadiah J., Stephen L. Buchwald, and Peter H. Seeberger. "Halobenzyl Ethers as Protecting Groups for Organic Synthesis." Journal of the American Chemical Society 122, no. 29 (July 2000): 7148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0008665.

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30

Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid, and Wulf Amelung. "Soil organic matter in major pedogenic soil groups." Geoderma 384 (February 2021): 114785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114785.

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31

Barglik-Chory, Christine, and Ulrich Schubert. "Organically substituted titanium alkoxides with unsaturated organic groups." Journal of Sol-gel Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (1995): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00487729.

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32

Schilling, Waldemar, and Shoubhik Das. "CO2-catalyzed/promoted transformation of organic functional groups." Tetrahedron Letters 59, no. 43 (October 2018): 3821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.033.

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33

Lennartson, Anders, and Christine J. McKenzie. "Bridging nitrile groups in a metal–organic framework." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 65, no. 23 (October 25, 2012): 4194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2012.734610.

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34

Krishnamurti, Ramesh, and Henry G. Kuivila. "Chiral Lewis acids. Haloorganotins bearing chiral organic groups." Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 25 (December 1986): 4947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00375a036.

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35

Bochet, Christian G., and Aurelien Blanc. "ChemInform Abstract: Photolabile Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis." ChemInform 43, no. 40 (September 7, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201240249.

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36

Rousseau, Géraldine, and Bernhard Breit. "Removable Directing Groups in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 50, no. 11 (March 1, 2011): 2450–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201006139.

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37

Yang, Jingxia, Michael Puchberger, Renzhe Qian, Christian Maurer, and Ulrich Schubert. "Zinc(II) Complexes with Dangling Functional Organic Groups." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2012, no. 27 (August 16, 2012): 4294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201200558.

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38

Bochet, Christian G., and Aurelien Blanc. "ChemInform Abstract: Photolabile Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis." ChemInform 42, no. 13 (March 3, 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201113256.

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39

Asyhari, Asyhari, Budhi Cahyono, Siti Sumiati, Dyana Wijayanti, Naila Najihah, and Choiril Anwar. "Empowerment of Organic Fertilizer Farmer Groups in Developing Green House-Based Organic Vegetables." Engagement: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v6i1.1052.

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Organic vegetables produced by the women farmers group and organic fertilizers produced by the youth groups are not yet productive. The purpose of this community service activity is to empower the women farmers groups and the youth group in the village of Manggihan, Getasan District, Semarang Regency so that they can improve the quality of organic vegetable and organic fertilizers products. This community service is carried out by using ABCD approach, which is an approach to understanding and internalizing assets, potential, strength, and utilization independently and optimally. The results of this community service activity concluded that the entrepreneurial mindset of organic vegetable and organic fertilizer farmer groups was more creative and innovative in processing Green House-based organic vegetables, skilled in bookkeeping, online marketing, and making Intellectual Property Rights to increase awareness of healthy living, increase profits, business, and welfare of rural communities

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40

Hättasch, Toni, Carsten Schmuck, and Jochen Niemeyer. "Triazole groups as biomimetic amide groups in peptides can trigger racemization." Arkivoc 2021, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.484.

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41

Inggrida, Jedda, Fadli Mulyadi, and Septian Purnama. "Rural Social Capital in Organic Farmer Institutions in Rice Organic Farming." HABITAT 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2023.034.2.17.

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Social capital is one of the seven fundamental capitals provided to groups or communities. Social capital is used to facilitate interpersonal interactions within a community or group. But nonetheless, only a small number of particular farmer groups, like the Sekar Putih Farming Group, have adopted organic farming methods to produce organic rice. One of the innovators and leaders in the production of organic rice is the Sekar Putih Farmer Group, who interpret the need for cohesiveness in interpersonal relationships. In theory, farmer groups are created because of the members' shared vision, mission, and goals as well as their shared work, which upholds the group's cohesiveness. 25 farmers were used as respondents with data collection using interview techniques, quantitative descriptive and scoring as data analysis methods. The results obtained are the formation of dynamics in farmer institutions, 37% of members have experienced conflicts but conflicts make the group more developed and conflicts can be controlled through equal empowerment. Social capital owned by the group has a high score, bonding social capital shows the togetherness of farmers in every cultivation process carried out and the distribution of information evenly to all group members. For bridging, it is shown by the number of training and empowerment programs that are often held and the Sekar Putih Group gets the opportunity to improve hard and soft skills in the cultivation process and information on market opportunities. In linking social capital, there is high trust in the acquisition of information related to fertilizers, pesticides and markets, this is inseparable from the communication that occurs among group members, both individually and in groups, relationships and interactions that are established can provide many positive sides.

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42

Sowmya, P. T., K. M. Lokanatha Rai, Anitha Sudhir, and Sumana Y. Kotian. "Chloramine-T in Organic Synthesis and Analysis of Organic Functional Groups: A Review." Australian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 10 (2021): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch21089.

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The diverse nature of Chloramine-T, the sodium salt of N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, abbreviated as CAT, acts as a source of halonium cation and nitrogen anion, and acts as both base and nucleophile. It reacts with broad range of functional groups and brings divergent molecular transformations to synthetic chemistry. CAT has also gained much recognition as a mild oxidant for several organic moieties and has been used as a versatile reagent for the estimation of various functional groups in analytical chemistry. This review relays the synthetic and analytic utility of CAT from different literature sources. As aspects of the synthetic utility of CAT have not previously been reviewed, this article gives a comprehensive profile of the CAT reagent for further research development.

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43

Ding, Xiaofan, Songtao Xiao, Ting Wang, Zucao Zeng, Xudong Zhao, and Qingyuan Yang. "Stability of metal-organic frameworks towards β-ray irradiation: Role of organic groups." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 354 (April 2023): 112533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2023.112533.

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44

Drugova, Tatiana, Kynda R. Curtis, and Sherzod B. Akhundjanov. "Organic wheat products and consumer choice: a market segmentation analysis." British Food Journal 122, no. 7 (April 24, 2020): 2341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2019-0626.

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PurposeThis paper examines determinants of consumer interest in organic versions of wheat products by analyzing differences in selected factors among groups of consumers, distinguished by their likelihood of purchasing organic wheat products. The analysis is performed for bread and cookies to examine whether the findings are different for virtue and vice food categories.Design/methodology/approachA consumer survey was conducted across the western United States in 2017. Latent class modeling is used to identify groups of “very likely,” “likely” and “unlikely” consumers of organic wheat products, based on preferences for organic wheat products and attitudes toward organics in general.FindingsConsumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for organic foods depend on product type. Additionally, significant differences are found across consumer groups—regardless of product type—in the importance they place on labels and product characteristics, WTP, reasons for (not) purchasing organic products and consumption limitations.Research limitations/implicationsThe group of organic consumers may be underrepresented in the sample. In addition, since actual behavior was not observed—respondents provided only stated preferences or responses to hypothetical questions—the results should be interpreted carefully.Originality/valueFew studies have examined preferences for organic wheat products across consumer groups. This study is also the first to examine the connection between wheat/gluten intolerance/avoidance and preference for organic versions of wheat products. Finally, this study adds to the limited literature on consumer preferences for organic virtue and vice food products.

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45

Zulvera, Zulvera, Endry Martius, Nuraini Budi Astuti, Yulinda Yulinda, Ifdal Ifdal, and Elva Rahmi. "Sustainability of Organic Certification in Organic Farming Groups in Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 41, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v41.2.5802.

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This research aims to describe the sustainability of organic certification by organic farmers in Padang Pariaman Regency. A qualitative approach was employed in this research, located in Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Province from July to October 2023. The research respondents were the group administrators from 8 farmer groups who had received an organic certificate from the West Sumatra Organic Certification Institute in the period of 2015 to 2022. The key informants were agricultural extension workers, administrators of the West Sumatra Organic Certification Institute, Padang Pariaman Regency Agriculture Service staff, and members of the West Sumatra Organic Task Force. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed in percentages. The results of the research show that there are three categories of farmer group behavior in responding to organic certification: (a) Certification for a period then stopping, (b) certification, extending and stopping, (c) certification, extending and continuing the certification. One organic certification period last for three years, the farmer group has to reapply the administration to extend the certificate. The number of farmer groups that continue to extend certification is also lower than the farmer groups that do not continue certification, around 30%. The research results show that the number of farmer groups that have received organic certification in Padang Pariaman Regency tends to decrease. This decrease in number was also accompanied by a decrease in the number of farmers implementing organic farming in farmer groups that extended their certification for the second period. Several factors identified that caused the low sustainability of organic certification in organic farmer groups were lack of assistance from extension workers, lack of government support, and the complexity in the implementation of organic farming and product markets organic farming and the process certification documents.

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46

Raatikainen, T., P. Vaattovaara, P. Tiitta, P. Miettinen, J. Rautiainen, M. Ehn, M. Kulmala, A. Laaksonen, and D. R. Worsnop. "Physicochemical properties and origin of organic groups detected in boreal forest using an aerosol mass spectrometer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 5 (October 19, 2009): 21847–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-21847-2009.

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Abstract. An Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (Q-AMS) was deployed in Hyytiälä, a forested rural measurement site in southern Finland, during a 2-week measurement campaign in spring 2005. Q-AMS measures mass concentrations of non-refractory species including sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and organics from submicron particles. A positive matrix factorization method was used in identifying two oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) groups from the measured total organic mass. The properties of these groups were estimated from their diurnal concentration cycles and correlations with additional data such as air mass history, particle number size distributions, hygroscopic and ethanol growth factors and particle volatility. It was found that the aged and highly oxidized background organic aerosol (OOA1) species have a wide range of hygroscopic growth factors and volatilization temperatures, but on the average OOA1 is the less volatile and hygroscopic organic group. It seems that hygroscopic properties and volatilities of the OOA1 species are correlated so that the less volatile species have higher hygroscopic growth factors. The other less oxidized organic aerosol group (OOA2) is more volatile and non-hygroscopic. Trajectory analysis showed that OOA1 and the inorganic species are mainly long-range transported anthropogenic pollutions. On the other hand, OOA2 species and its precursor gases have short atmospheric life times, so they are from local sources. Current results are in good agreement with previous studies, but additional data especially from other seasons is required to verify the generality of the conclusions.

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47

Raatikainen, T., P. Vaattovaara, P. Tiitta, P. Miettinen, J. Rautiainen, M. Ehn, M. Kulmala, A. Laaksonen, and D. R. Worsnop. "Physicochemical properties and origin of organic groups detected in boreal forest using an aerosol mass spectrometer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 4 (February 23, 2010): 2063–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2063-2010.

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Abstract. An Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (Q-AMS) was deployed in Hyytiälä, a forested rural measurement site in southern Finland, during a 2-week measurement campaign in spring 2005. Q-AMS measures mass concentrations of non-refractory species including sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and organics from submicron particles. A positive matrix factorization method was used in identifying two oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) groups from the measured total organic mass. The properties of these groups were estimated from their diurnal concentration cycles and correlations with additional data such as air mass history, particle number size distributions, hygroscopic and ethanol growth factors and particle volatility. It was found that the aged and highly oxidized background organic aerosol (OOA1 or LV-OOA) species have a wide range of hygroscopic growth factors and volatilization temperatures, but on the average OOA1 is the less volatile and more hygroscopic organic group. Hygroscopic properties and volatilities of the OOA1 species are correlated so that the less volatile species have higher hygroscopic growth factors. The other, less oxidized organic aerosol group (OOA2 or SV-OOA) is more volatile and non-hygroscopic. Trajectory analysis showed that OOA1 and the inorganic species are mainly long-range transported anthropogenic pollutions. OOA2 species and its precursor gases have short atmospheric life times, so they are from local sources. These results span the range of previous observations of oxygen content, volatility and hygroscopic growth factor, simultaneously coupling all three measurements for the first time.

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48

Liu, S., D. A. Day, J. E. Shields, and L. M. Russell. "Ozone-driven photochemical formation of carboxylic acid groups from alkane groups." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2011): 7189–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-7189-2011.

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Abstract. Carboxylic acids are ubiquitous in atmospheric particles, and they play an important role in the physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles. During measurements in coastal California in the summer of 2009, carboxylic acid functional groups were highly associated with trajectories from an industrial region with high organic mass (OM), likely from fossil fuel combustion emissions. The concentration of carboxylic acid groups peaked during daytime, suggesting a photochemical secondary formation mechanism. This daytime increase in concentration was tightly correlated with O3 mixing ratio, indicating O3 was the likely driver in acid formation. Based on the diurnal cycles of carboxylic acid and alkane groups, the covariation of carboxylic acid groups with O3, and the composition of the Combustion factor resulted from the factor analyses, gas-phase alkane oxidation by OH radicals to form dihyfrofuran followed by further oxidation of dihydrofuran by O3 is the likely acid formation mechanism. Using the multi-day average of the daytime increase of carboxylic acid group concentrations and m/z 44-based Aged Combustion factor, we estimated the lower-bound contributions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed in 12-h daytime of processing in a single day to be 30% of the carboxylic acid groups and 25–45% of the Combustion factor concentration. These unique ambient observations of photochemically-driven acid formation suggest that gas-phase alkanes might be important sources of SOA formation in this coastal region.

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Anisa, Friztina, Muhammad Habib Alfarizqi, Doni Agung Cahyono, Eliza Febriyani, Novia Dwi Rahmasari, and Upik Milenia Jamin. "Capacity building of farmer groups in Mendak Hamlet, Magelang Regency." Community Empowerment 7, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.4288.

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Abstract:

This integrated community service program (PPMT) was carried out in Mendak Hamlet, Banyuwangi Village, Bandongan District, Magelang Regency, Central Java in the form of developing and marketing organic local rice and utilizing yard land. The purpose of the program is to increase public awareness of organic local rice processing and make mothers aware of the use of home gardens to meet the healthy food needs. The implementation of this program is in the form of socialization, training for seeding vegetable seeds, practicing vegetable planting and catfish care, assistancing in making organic fertilizers and making cakes with local ingredients, and branding on organic rice (logos and packaging). The result of the training is that members of KWT Putri Sejahtera know how to seed and plant vegetables properly. Furthermore, through mentoring, farmer group members understand better how to make organic fertilizers and good cake processing. Another result of this program is that members of farmer groups become more aware of the importance of organic rice processing and have used the land in their home gardens to grow healthy vegetables.

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Nemoto, Hisao, Masaki Kamiya, Yuki Minami, Takaaki Araki, and Tomoyuki Kawamura. "Synthesis of Branched Heptaglycerol Bearing Eight Hydroxyl Groups with Four Cyclic Protecting Groups." Synlett 2007, no. 13 (July 12, 2007): 2091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-984890.

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