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1

Dini, Danilo. "Electrochemiluminescence from Organic Emitters." Chemistry of Materials 17, no. 8 (April 2005): 1933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm049567v.

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2

Service, R. F. "Organic Light Emitters Gain Longevity." Science 273, no. 5277 (August 16, 1996): 878–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5277.878.

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3

Shizu, Katsuyuki, Jiyoung Lee, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hiroko Nomura, Takuma Yasuda, Hironori Kaji, and Chihaya Adachi. "Highly efficient electroluminescence from purely organic donor–acceptor systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0301.

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AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are third-generation electroluminescent materials that realize highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) without using rare metals. Here, after briefly reviewing the principles of TADF and its use in OLEDs, we report a sky-blue TADF emitter, 9-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N3,N3,N6,N6-tetraphenyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine (DAC-BTZ). DAC-BTZ is a purely organic donor–acceptor-type molecule with a small energy difference between its lowest excited singlet state and lowest triplet state of 0.18–0.22 eV according to fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of a DAC-BTZ-doped film. In addition, the doped film exhibits a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.82. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements of the doped film confirm that DAC-BTZ emits TADF. An OLED containing DAC-BTZ as an emitter exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.3%, which exceeds those obtained with conventional fluorescent emitters (5–7.5%). TADF from DAC-BTZ makes a large contribution to the high EQE of its OLED.
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4

Tourneur, P., F. Lucas, C. Quinton, Y. Olivier, R. Lazzaroni, P. Viville, J. Cornil, and C. Poriel. "White-light electroluminescence from a layer incorporating a single fully-organic spiro compound with phosphine oxide substituents." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 41 (2020): 14462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03285a.

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5

Gerhardt, Ilja, Bernhard Grotz, Petr Siyushev, and Jörg Wrachtrup. "Coherent interaction of single molecules and plasmonic nanowires." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 24 (September 30, 2017): 1740004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217400045.

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Quantum plasmonics opens the option to integrate complex quantum optical circuitry onto chip scale devices. In the past, often external light sources were used and nonclassical light was coupled in and out of plasmonic structures, such as hole arrays or waveguide structures. Another option to launch single plasmonic excitations is the coupling of single emitters in the direct proximity of, e.g., a silver or gold nanostructure. Here, we present our attempts to integrate the research of single emitters with wet-chemically grown silver nanowires. The emitters of choice are single organic dye molecules under cryogenic conditions, which are known to act as high-brightness and extremely narrow-band single photon sources. Another advantage is their high optical nonlinearity, such that they might mediate photon–photon interactions on the nanoscale. We report on the coupling of a single molecule fluorescence emission through the wire over the length of several wavelengths. The transmission of coherently emitted photons is proven by an extinction type experiment. As for influencing the spectral properties of a single emitter, we are able to show a remote change of the line-width of a single terrylene molecule, which is in close proximity to the nanowire.
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Han, Si Hyun, and Jun Yeob Lee. "Spatial separation of sensitizer and fluorescent emitter for high quantum efficiency in hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 6 (2018): 1504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc05283a.

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A quantum efficiency improving device approach to harvest singlet excitons of fluorescent emitters was developed by sequential deposition of sensitizer-doped emitting layer and fluorescent emitter doped emitting layer.
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7

Hao, Fengzhen, Jiusheng Li, Zhen Wang, and Yanfeng Li. "Effect of Chlorination and Acidification on Clogging and Biofilm Formation in Drip Emitters Applying Secondary Sewage Effluent." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12764.

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Abstract. The risk and inducing mechanism of emitter clogging vary with the types of ions in the irrigation water. The effectiveness of chlorination and acidification treatments in reducing emitter clogging has seldom been comparatively studied. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of chlorination and acidification in reducing clogging in emitters applying secondary sewage effluent with different types of ions. Two types of emitters with plain channels and one type of emitter with a labyrinth structure were selected to investigate the clogging control strategy by measuring the dry weight of biofilm substance (DW) and the organic matter fraction in the biofilm and analyzing the mineral constituents of the clogging solids and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of the attached biofilm. In general, chemical injection decreased the DW and EPS, resulting in less clogging than in emitters without chlorine and acid injection. For the emitter structures tested, chemical injection was more effective in controlling clogging in plain channel emitters than in labyrinth emitters. Different chemical injections produced similar mineral constituents of the clogging solids: quartz, calcium + magnesium carbonate, silicate, and iron oxide. Chlorine injection interval and targeted acidification pH are both important parameters in determining chemical injection schemes. Under the experimental conditions, weekly chlorination of sewage effluent acidified to pH 6.5 was more effective in reducing the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and the precipitation of solid particles in the drip emitters when applying sewage effluent containing high iron + calcium. However, when sewage effluent containing high calcium was used, acidification was more effective in removing the chemical precipitates. We conclude that the selection of chemical treatment strategies should consider the constituent ions in the sewage effluent. Keywords: Acid injection, Chlorine injection, Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), Mineral constituents, Microirrigation.
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8

Meng, Xin-Yue, Zi-Qi Feng, You-Jun Yu, Liang-Sheng Liao, and Zuo-Quan Jiang. "Highly Efficient Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on Multi-Donor Modified Oxygen-Bridged Boron Acceptor." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134048.

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The employment of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is one of the most promising ways to realize the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 25% for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In addition, the TADF emitter based on oxygen-bridged boron (BO) fragment can maintain blue emission with high color purity. Herein, we constructed two blue TADF emitters, 3TBO and 5TBO, for OLEDs application. Both emitters consist of three donors linked at the oxygen-bridged boron acceptor. OLED devices based on 3TBO and 5TBO exhibited both high excellent device efficiency and high color purity with a maximum EQE; full-width at half-maximum (FWHM); and CIE coordinates of 17.3%, 47 nm, (0.120, 0.294), and 26.2%, 57 nm, (0.125, 0.275), respectively.
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9

Jung, Hyuck, Duck-Jin Lee, Hyun-Tae Chun, Nam-Je Koh, Young Rae Cho, and Dong-Gu Lee. "Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters for Display Applications Using Screen Printing." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1889.

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In this study, a 10"-sized panel with novel tetrode structure was tried to prevent broadening of electrons emitted from CNTs. The structure of the novel tetrode is composed of CNT emitters on a cathode electrode, a gate electrode, an extracting electrode coated on the top of a hopping electron spacer (HES), and an anode. HES contains funnel-shaped holes whose inner surfaces are coated with MgO. Electrons extracted through the gate are collected inside the funnel-shaped holes and hop along the hole surface to the top extracting electrode. The effects of HES on emission characteristics of field emission display (FED) were investigated. An active ozone treatment for the complete removal of residues of organic binders in the emitter devices was applied to the FED panel as a post-treatment
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10

Cekaviciute, Monika, Aina Petrauskaite, Sohrab Nasiri, Jurate Simokaitiene, Dmytro Volyniuk, Galyna Sych, Ruta Budreckiene, and Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius. "Towards Blue AIE/AIEE: Synthesis and Applications in OLEDs of Tetra-/Triphenylethenyl Substituted 9,9-Dimethylacridine Derivatives." Molecules 25, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030445.

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Aiming to design blue fluorescent emitters with high photoluminescence quantum yields in solid-state, nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic 9,9-dimethylacridine was refined by tetraphenylethene and triphenylethene. Six tetra-/triphenylethene-substituted 9,9-dimethylacridines were synthesized by the Buchwald-Hartwig method with relatively high yields. Showing effects of substitution patterns, all emitters demonstrated high fluorescence quantum yields of 26–53% in non-doped films and 52–88% in doped films due to the aggregation induced/enhanced emission (AIE/AIEE) phenomena. In solid-state, the emitters emitted blue (451–481 nm) without doping and deep-blue (438–445 nm) with doping while greenish-yellow emission was detected for two compounds with additionally attached cyano-groups. The ionization potentials of the derivatives were found to be in the relatively wide range of 5.43–5.81 eV since cyano-groups were used in their design. Possible applications of the emitters were demonstrated in non-doped and doped organic light-emitting diodes with up to 2.3 % external quantum efficiencies for simple fluorescent devices. In the best case, deep-blue electroluminescence with chromaticity coordinates of (0.16, 0.10) was close to blue color standard (0.14, 0.08) of the National Television System Committee.
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11

Yi, Jian-Peng, Li Zhao, Weidong Xu, Cheng-Fang Liu, Wen-Yong Lai, and Wei Huang. "Pyrene-capped starburst emitters as gain media for organic lasers: design, synthesis, and stabilized lasing properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 32 (2016): 7546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc01606e.

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12

Belton, C. R., G. Itskos, G. Heliotis, P. N. Stavrinou, P. G. Lagoudakis, J. Lupton, S. Pereira, et al. "New light from hybrid inorganic–organic emitters." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 41, no. 9 (April 4, 2008): 094006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/9/094006.

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13

Chiu, Nan-Fu, Teng-Yi Huang, Chun-Chuan Kuo, Chii-Wann Lin, and Jiun-Haw Lee. "Organic-based plasmonic emitters for sensing applications." Applied Optics 52, no. 7 (February 22, 2013): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.52.001383.

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14

Falcaro, Paolo, and Shuhei Furukawa. "Doping Light Emitters into Metal-Organic Frameworks." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, no. 34 (July 4, 2012): 8431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201203719.

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15

Kim, Cho Long, Jinhoon Jeong, Ho Jin Jang, Kyung Hyung Lee, Seoung-Tae Kim, Mu-Hyun Baik, and Jun Yeob Lee. "Purely organic phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes using alkyl modified phenoselenazine." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 26 (2021): 8233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01741a.

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16

Jiang, Chenglin, Jingsheng Miao, Danwen Zhang, Zhenhua Wen, Chuluo Yang, and Kai Li. "Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor π-Stacking Boosts Intramolecular Through-Space Charge Transfer towards Efficient Red TADF and High-Performance OLEDs." Research 2022 (June 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9892802.

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Organic push-pull systems featuring through-space charge transfer (TSCT) excited states have been disclosed to be capable of exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), but to realize high-efficiency long-wavelength emission still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a series of strongly emissive orange-red and red TSCT-TADF emitters having (quasi)planar and rigid donor and acceptor segments which are placed in close proximity and orientated in a cofacial manner. Emission maxima (λem) of 594−599 nm with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 91% and delayed fluorescence lifetimes of down to 4.9 μs have been achieved for new acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) molecules in doped thin films. The presence of multiple acceptors and the strong intramolecular π-stacking interactions have been unveiled to be crucial for the efficient low-energy TSCT-TADF emissions. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on the new A-D-A emitters demonstrated electroluminescence with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 23.2% for the red TSCT-TADF emitters. An EQE of 18.9% at the brightness of 1000 cd m-2 represents one of the highest values for red TADF OLEDs. This work demonstrates a modular approach for developing high-performance red TADF emitters through engineering through-space interactions, and it may also provide implications to the design of TADF emitter with other colours.
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17

Li, Guijie, Feng Zhan, Weiwei Lou, Dan Wang, Chao Deng, Lina Cao, Yuning Yang, Qisheng Zhang, and Yuanbin She. "Efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes employing difluoroboron-enabled thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 48 (2020): 17464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc04162a.

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The design and development of efficient emitters for deep-blue OLED with CIEy < 0.10 remains a challenge. A new D–π–A-BF2-type TADF emitter BF2-DMCz was developed, and the BF2-DMCz-doped deep-blue OLED achieved a peak EQE of 8.4% with CIE coordinates of (0.149, 0.083).
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18

Chen, Dongyang, and Eli Zysman-Colman. "Exploring the possibility of using fluorine-involved non-conjugated electron-withdrawing groups for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters by TD-DFT calculation." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (January 21, 2021): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.21.

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The trifluoromethyl group has been previously explored as a non-conjugated electron-withdrawing group in donor–acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. In the present study, we investigate computationally the potential of other fluorine-containing acceptors, trifluoromethoxy (OCF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3), and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5), within two families of donor–acceptor TADF emitters. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations indicate that when only two ortho-disposed carbazole donors are used (Type I molecules), the lowest-lying triplet state possesses locally excited (LE) character while the lowest-lying singlet state possesses charge-transfer character. When five carbazole donors are present in the emitter design (Type II molecules), now both S1 and T1 states possess CT character. For molecules 2CzOCF3 and 5CzOCF3, the singlet energies are predicted to be 3.92 eV and 3.45 eV; however, the singlet-triplet energy gaps, ΔESTs, are predicted to be large at 0.46 eV and 0.37 eV, respectively. The compounds 2CzCF3, 2CzSCF3, and 2CzSF5, from Type I molecules, show significant promise as deep blue TADF emitters, possessing high calculated singlet energies in the gas phase (3.62 eV, 3.66 eV, and 3.51 eV, respectively) and small, ΔESTs, of 0.17 eV, 0.22 eV, and 0.07 eV, respectively. For compounds 5CzSCF3 and 5CzSF5, from Type II molecules, the singlet energies are stabilized to 3.24 eV and 3.00 eV, respectively, while ΔESTs are 0.27 eV and 0.12 eV, respectively, thus both show promise as blue or sky-blue TADF emitters. All these six molecules possess a dense number of intermediate excited states between S1 and T1, thus likely leading to a very efficient reverse intersystem crossing in these compounds.
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19

Braveenth, Ramanaskanda, and Kyu Yun Chai. "Triazine-Acceptor-Based Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162646.

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High-efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is leading the third-generation technology of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). TADF emitters are designed and synthesized using inexpensive organic donor and acceptor derivatives. TADF emitters are a potential candidate for next-generation display technology when compared with metal-complex-based phosphorescent dopants. Many studies are being conducted to enhance the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and photoluminescent quantum yield of green TADF devices. Blue TADF reached an EQE of over 35% with the support of suitable donor and acceptor moieties based on a suitable molecular design. The efficiencies of green TADF emitters can be improved when an appropriate molecular design is applied with an efficient device structure. The triazine acceptor has been identified as a worthy building block for green TADF emitters. Hence, we present here a review of triazine with various donor molecules and their device performances. This will help to design more suitable and efficient green TADF emitters for OLEDs.
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20

Jung, Hyocheol, Hayoon Lee, Seokwoo Kang, Byeong-Kwan An, Kyoung Soo Yook, Young-Il Park, Beomjin Kim, and Jongwook Park. "Recent Progress on Organic Emitters for Organic Light Emitting Diode Lightings." Applied Chemistry for Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 10, 2016): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.1082.

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21

Ho, Meng-Huan, Yao-Shan Wu, Shih-Wen Wen, Teng-Ming Chen, and Chin H. Chen. "Efficient deep blue emitters for organic electroluminescent devices." Applied Physics Letters 91, no. 8 (August 20, 2007): 083515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2773962.

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22

Liu, Lin, Wenlian Li, Ziruo Hong, Junbiao Peng, Xingyuan Liu, Chunjun Liang, Zhibin Liu, Jiaqi Yu, and Dongxu Zhao. "Europium complexes as emitters in organic electroluminescent devices." Synthetic Metals 91, no. 1-3 (December 1997): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(97)04029-0.

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23

Xing, Yajun, Xinjun Xu, Peng Zhang, Wenjing Tian, Gui Yu, Ping Lu, Yunqi Liu, and Daoben Zhu. "Carbazole–pyrene-based organic emitters for electroluminescent device." Chemical Physics Letters 408, no. 1-3 (June 2005): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.019.

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24

Fujii, Toshihiro. "Efficient emitters for surface ionization organic mass spectrometry." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 87, no. 1 (January 1989): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(89)80005-9.

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25

Hayduk, Matthias, Steffen Riebe, and Jens Voskuhl. "Phosphorescence Through Hindered Motion of Pure Organic Emitters." Chemistry - A European Journal 24, no. 47 (May 30, 2018): 12221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201800521.

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26

Mayorga Burrezo, Paula, Vicente G. Jiménez, Davide Blasi, Imma Ratera, Araceli G. Campaña, and Jaume Veciana. "Organic Free Radicals as Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitters." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 45 (September 24, 2019): 16282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201909398.

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27

Mayorga Burrezo, Paula, Vicente G. Jiménez, Davide Blasi, Imma Ratera, Araceli G. Campaña, and Jaume Veciana. "Organic Free Radicals as Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitters." Angewandte Chemie 131, no. 45 (September 24, 2019): 16428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201909398.

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28

Li, Guang, Juewen Zhao, Dan Zhang, Zhichun Shi, Zelin Zhu, Huanquan Song, Jieji Zhu, Silu Tao, Feng Lu, and Qingxiao Tong. "Mechanochromic asymmetric sulfone derivatives for use in efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 37 (2016): 8787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc02917e.

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Kim, Young-Hoon, Himchan Cho, and Tae-Woo Lee. "Metal halide perovskite light emitters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 42 (September 27, 2016): 11694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607471113.

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Twenty years after layer-type metal halide perovskites were successfully developed, 3D metal halide perovskites (shortly, perovskites) were recently rediscovered and are attracting multidisciplinary interest from physicists, chemists, and material engineers. Perovskites have a crystal structure composed of five atoms per unit cell (ABX3) with cation A positioned at a corner, metal cation B at the center, and halide anion X at the center of six planes and unique optoelectronic properties determined by the crystal structure. Because of very narrow spectra (full width at half-maximum ≤20 nm), which are insensitive to the crystallite/grain/particle dimension and wide wavelength range (400 nm ≤ λ ≤ 780 nm), perovskites are expected to be promising high-color purity light emitters that overcome inherent problems of conventional organic and inorganic quantum dot emitters. Within the last 2 y, perovskites have already demonstrated their great potential in light-emitting diodes by showing high electroluminescence efficiency comparable to those of organic and quantum dot light-emitting diodes. This article reviews the progress of perovskite emitters in two directions of bulk perovskite polycrystalline films and perovskite nanoparticles, describes current challenges, and suggests future research directions for researchers to encourage them to collaborate and to make a synergetic effect in this rapidly emerging multidisciplinary field.
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Xu, Zeng, Ben Zhong Tang, Yan Wang, and Dongge Ma. "Recent advances in high performance blue organic light-emitting diodes based on fluorescence emitters." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 8 (2020): 2614–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06441a.

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Wong, Michael Y., Maria-Grazia La-Placa, Antonio Pertegas, Henk J. Bolink, and Eli Zysman-Colman. "Deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs)." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 7 (2017): 1699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04821h.

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Two cationic deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters (imCzDPS and imDPADPS) were designed and synthesized as small molecule organic emitters for light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEEC) devices.
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Chai, Danyang, Yang Zou, Yepeng Xiang, Xuan Zeng, Zhanxiang Chen, Shaolong Gong, and Chuluo Yang. "Fused twin-acridine scaffolds as electron donors for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters: controllable TADF behavior by methyl substitution." Chemical Communications 55, no. 100 (2019): 15125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc08679j.

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Fused twin-acridine scaffolds of TMQAC and MeTMQAC were designed as novel donors to construct new organic emitters. TMQAC-based emitters exhibited TADF features, high PLQYs and high electroluminescence performances.
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33

Bui, Thanh-Tuân, Fabrice Goubard, Malika Ibrahim-Ouali, Didier Gigmes, and Frédéric Dumur. "Recent advances on organic blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (January 30, 2018): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.18.

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The design of highly emissive and stable blue emitters for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is still a challenge, justifying the intense research activity of the scientific community in this field. Recently, a great deal of interest has been devoted to the elaboration of emitters exhibiting a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By a specific molecular design consisting into a minimal overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) due to a spatial separation of the electron-donating and the electron-releasing parts, luminescent materials exhibiting small S1–T1 energy splitting could be obtained, enabling to thermally upconvert the electrons from the triplet to the singlet excited states by reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). By harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons for light emission, OLEDs competing and sometimes overcoming the performance of phosphorescence-based OLEDs could be fabricated, justifying the interest for this new family of materials massively popularized by Chihaya Adachi since 2012. In this review, we proposed to focus on the recent advances in the molecular design of blue TADF emitters for OLEDs during the last few years.
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Qin, Yuanyuan, Guoping Li, Ting Qi, and Hui Huang. "Aromatic imide/amide-based organic small-molecule emitters for organic light-emitting diodes." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 6 (2020): 1554–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00084a.

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Aromatic imide/amide-based organic small molecules as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes have caught increasing attention. This study summarized their advances in terms of device performance and molecular design rules over the past 20 years.
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35

Sun, Dianming, Zhongjie Ren, Martin R. Bryce, and Shouke Yan. "Arylsilanes and siloxanes as optoelectronic materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 37 (2015): 9496–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc01638j.

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Arylsilanes and siloxanes have been extensively studied as components of OLEDs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the utilization of arylsilanes and siloxanes as fluorophore emitters, hosts for phosphor emitters, hole and exciton blocking materials, and as electron and hole transporting materials.
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36

Yue, Zhounan, Yuk Fai Cheung, Hoi Wai Choi, Zujin Zhao, Ben Zhong Tang, and Kam Sing Wong. "Hybrid GaN/Organic white light emitters with aggregation induced emission organic molecule." Optical Materials Express 3, no. 11 (October 17, 2013): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.3.001906.

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37

Wada, Yoshimasa, Hiromichi Nakagawa, Soma Matsumoto, Yasuaki Wakisaka, and Hironori Kaji. "Organic light emitters exhibiting very fast reverse intersystem crossing." Nature Photonics 14, no. 10 (August 3, 2020): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-0667-0.

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38

Benetti, Daniele, and Federico Rosei. "Inorganic and Organic Nano-Emitters for Luminescent Solar Concentrators." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 16 (May 1, 2020): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-01161065mtgabs.

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39

Odom, Susan A., Sean R. Parkin, and John E. Anthony. "Tetracene Derivatives as Potential Red Emitters for Organic LEDs." Organic Letters 5, no. 23 (November 2003): 4245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol035415e.

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40

Salas Redondo, Caterin, Paul Kleine, Karla Roszeitis, Tim Achenbach, Martin Kroll, Michael Thomschke, and Sebastian Reineke. "Interplay of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence in Organic Biluminescent Emitters." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 27 (June 21, 2017): 14946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04529.

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41

Chen, Dongcheng, Wei Li, Lin Gan, Zhiheng Wang, Mengke Li, and Shi-Jian Su. "Non-noble-metal-based organic emitters for OLED applications." Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 142 (October 2020): 100581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2020.100581.

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42

De Silva, Thenahandi Prasanthi Deepthika, Sang Gil Youm, George G. Tamas, Boqian Yang, Chun-Han Wang, Frank R. Fronczek, Girija Sahasrabudhe, et al. "Pyrenylpyridines: Sky-Blue Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." ACS Omega 4, no. 16 (October 3, 2019): 16867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01948.

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43

Giovanella, Umberto, Chiara Botta, Antonio Papagni, Riccardo Tubino, and Luciano Miozzo. "Electroluminescence from two fluorinated organic emitters embedded in polyvinylcarbazole." Applied Physics Letters 87, no. 17 (October 24, 2005): 171910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2115079.

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44

Grishin, N. N. "Mechanism of ionization of organic compounds on tip emitters." Technical Physics 45, no. 1 (January 2000): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1259574.

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45

Ganschow, Michael, Silke Koser, Sebastian Hahn, Frank Rominger, Jan Freudenberg, and Uwe H. F. Bunz. "Dibenzobarrelene-Based Azaacenes: Emitters in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Chemistry - A European Journal 23, no. 18 (March 3, 2017): 4415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201605820.

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46

Graf, Arko, Caroline Murawski, Yuriy Zakharko, Jana Zaumseil, and Malte C. Gather. "Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Carbon Nanotube Emitters." Advanced Materials 30, no. 12 (January 30, 2018): 1706711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706711.

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47

Zhang, Xiang, Xiaoheng Yan, Lindsey J. Gray, Junwei Xu, Wenfa Xie, and David L. Carroll. "Modulation of recombination zone position for white perovskite/organic emitter hybrid light-emitting devices." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 9 (February 28, 2022): 093301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0077633.

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Abstract:
Metal halide perovskites present specific challenges as emitters in large area, surface emission lighting devices. Among these challenges is the vast difference in carrier mobilities between the perovskite and many organic buffer layers typically used in such device fabrication as transport and blocking layers. This can make it difficult to engineer recombination to achieve white emitting devices generally. However, in this work, we introduce unique modulation of excitonic confinement within the perovskite layer of the device stack to control overall placement of the recombination zone. This results in a white light emitter that is bright and highly tunable, providing a path to realize white perovskite related light-emitting devices.
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48

Chen, Minyu, Yi Zhao, Zhenyu Tang, Bin Zhang, and Bin Wei. "Multifunctional Organic Emitters for High‐Performance and Low‐Cost Organic Light‐Emitting Didoes." Chemical Record 19, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 1768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201900005.

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49

Tobin, Gerard, Steve Comby, Nianyong Zhu, Rodolphe Clérac, Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson, and Wolfgang Schmitt. "Towards multifunctional lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks." Chemical Communications 51, no. 68 (2015): 13313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04928h.

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Abstract:
The structure-type of a Ho(iii)-based MOF can be varied using a range of different lanthanide ions to tune the photophysical properties and produce ligand-sensitised near-infrared and visible light emitters.
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50

Sun, Jin Won, Jang Yeol Baek, Kwon-Hyeon Kim, Jin-Suk Huh, Soon-Ki Kwon, Yun-Hi Kim, and Jang-Joo Kim. "Azasiline-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for blue organic light emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 5 (2017): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04653c.

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