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1
Karpagavalli, V. "Organic Farming in Tirupur City." AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/amcije/2018/v1i2/127841.
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Fauzi, Irsyad, Anisa Aprilia, and Heptari Elita Dewi. "SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC VEGETABLES (EVIDENCE ON SMES IN MALANG CITY)." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.8649.
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The role of supply chain management strategies in the organic vegetable business is to createcompetitiveness by prioritizing fulfillment of consumer demand appropriately. One of the companiesengaged in the organic vegetable business in Malang City is Abang Sayur Organik (ABS) SMEs. Theorganic broccoli commodity is a superior product from ABS SMEs which continues supplied to retailand manufacture. Common problems that occur in the organic broccoli supply chain are fluctuations indemand and mismatches in the quality of products shipped. Measurement of supply chain performanceis needed to answer the existing problem. This study aims to describe the condition of supply chainmanagement and measure the performance of organic vegetable supply chains in ABS SMEs. The dataused are primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to all ABS organic broccoli supply chainactors. Supply chain performance measurement uses the benchmark score method of Supply ChainOperation Reference (SCOR) performance indicators that include reliability, responsiveness, agility,costs, and assets with a value classification of parity, advantage, and superior. The results showed thatsupply chain actors involved were suppliers, distributors, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers.Measurement of Perfect Order Fulfillment performance indicators at the position of advantage at the supplier level and superior at the distributor level to retail. The value of Order Fulfillment Cycle Timeand flexibility are superior at each actor, while the value of inventory days of supply at the supplier,distributor and manufacturing level is at a position of advantage but at the retail level at a superiorposition. Cash To Cash Cycle Time value is superior position in each supply chain actor, but for theTotal Supply Chain Management Cost value in each organic broccoli supply chain actor is in a gap-parity position
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Gibson, Timothy A. "The Trope of the Organic City." Space and Culture 6, no. 4 (November 2003): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331203253204.
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Farmer, D. K., A. E. Perring, P. J. Wooldridge, D. R. Blake, A. Baker, S. Meinardi, L. G. Huey, D. Tanner, O. Vargas, and R. C. Cohen. "Impact of organic nitrates on urban ozone production." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2010): 23423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-23423-2010.
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Abstract. Urban O3 is produced by photochemical chain reactions that amplify background O3 in mixtures of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) and organic molecules. Current thinking treats NOx and organics as independent variables that limit O3 production depending on the NOx to organic ratio; in this paradigm, reducing organics either has no effect or reduces O3. We describe a theoretical counterexample where NOx and organics are strongly coupled and reducing organics increases O3 production, and illustrate the example with observations from Mexico City. This effect arises from chain termination in the HOx and NOx cycles via organic nitrate production. We show that emission reductions that inadvertently reduce organic nitrate production rates will be counterproductive without concurrent reductions in NOx or other organics.
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Farmer, D. K., A. E. Perring, P. J. Wooldridge, D. R. Blake, A. Baker, S. Meinardi, L. G. Huey, D. Tanner, O. Vargas, and R. C. Cohen. "Impact of organic nitrates on urban ozone production." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 9 (May 4, 2011): 4085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4085-2011.
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Abstract. Urban O3 is produced by photochemical chain reactions that amplify background O3 in mixtures of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) and organic molecules. Current thinking treats NOx and organics as independent variables that limit O3 production depending on the NOx to organic ratio; in this paradigm, reducing organics either has no effect or reduces O3. We describe a theoretical counterexample where NOx and organics are strongly coupled and reducing organics increases O3 production, and illustrate the example with observations from Mexico City. This effect arises from chain termination in the HOx and NOx cycles via organic nitrate production. We show that reductions in VOC reactivity that inadvertently reduce organic nitrate production rates will be counterproductive without concurrent reductions in NOx or other organics.
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Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Elena Leonte, Carmen Luiza Costuleanu, Sergiu Jitareanu, Dan Donosa, Eugen Teodorescu Soare, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Management of Urban Organic Solid Waste Applied in Romanian Metropolitan City." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6375.
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This paper explains the interest in urban organic solid wastes, the relevance of these wastes to municipal solid waste management, the main ways in which organics are reused, and the problem that arise from the wish to ensure safe and effec�tive reuse as part of sustainable development in cities in Romania. Wastes are substances resulting from biological or technological processes that can no longer be used as such, some of which are reusable. Dangerous substances are any substance or product which, when used in apparently non-hazardous quantities, concentrations or conditions, presents a significant risk to humans, the environment or material goods (eg explosives, oxidizing, flammable, toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritant, mutagenic. Urban administrations nowadays are seeking ways to divert organic wastes from municipal solid waste streams for a variety of reasons, as noted below. Recommenda�tions are made for separation at source so that safe composting can be carried out. Private companies are being encouraged to undertake composting, often via forms of public-private partnerships. More attention is being paid to the role of non-govern�mental organizations in promoting citizen awareness of organic waste issues, and co-operation with separation at source. This paper draws attention to the many informal ways that organic wastes are currently reused, which are rarely taken into account in official plans for managing organic wastes.
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Shandini, P., and N. Ramani. "Marketing of Organic Food Products at Madurai City." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.34.2.
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The organic farming sector in developing countries is still diminutive. However, the traditional practice of organic farming by the indigenous farmers is an advantage that would help India to become a global market leader in this sector. India has the potential to emerge as a major exporter of organic produce. Organic products mature without the use of fertilizers, artificial chemicals, and pesticides. The Indian organic food market, although in its nascent stage, has started growing rapidly. Generally, consumers prefer organic food due to safety, human health, and ecological concern. Sometimes it could also be due to attributes like nutrition value, taste, originality and look of organic food. Worldwide trade in organic products is growing incredibly which has prompted experts to project consumption of organic food to be more than 25% of total food consumption by 2020. Universal consumption growth rates over the next 3-5 years will be fairly high (25 – 30%) when compared to most other categories of food. In the last decade, organic food products have been measured to do a healthier business than conventional food products. Thus the expansion of organic agriculture is seen as a part of promising promotion trends. This research reveals the percentage consumption of organic food products and provides suggestions to implement the various marketing strategies adopted by the retailers to sell the products and other factors impacting the preference of the consumers in the various strata of the society.
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Hodzic, A., J. L. Jimenez, S. Madronich, A. C. Aiken, B. Bessagnet, G. Curci, J. Fast, et al. "Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (September 22, 2009): 6949–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6949-2009.
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Abstract. The meso-scale chemistry-transport model CHIMERE is used to assess our understanding of major sources and formation processes leading to a fairly large amount of organic aerosols – OA, including primary OA (POA) and secondary OA (SOA) – observed in Mexico City during the MILAGRO field project (March 2006). Chemical analyses of submicron aerosols from aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) indicate that organic particles found in the Mexico City basin contain a large fraction of oxygenated organic species (OOA) which have strong correspondence with SOA, and that their production actively continues downwind of the city. The SOA formation is modeled here by the one-step oxidation of anthropogenic (i.e. aromatics, alkanes), biogenic (i.e. monoterpenes and isoprene), and biomass-burning SOA precursors and their partitioning into both organic and aqueous phases. Conservative assumptions are made for uncertain parameters to maximize the amount of SOA produced by the model. The near-surface model evaluation shows that predicted OA correlates reasonably well with measurements during the campaign, however it remains a factor of 2 lower than the measured total OA. Fairly good agreement is found between predicted and observed POA within the city suggesting that anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are reasonably captured. Consistent with previous studies in Mexico City, large discrepancies are encountered for SOA, with a factor of 2–10 model underestimate. When only anthropogenic SOA precursors were considered, the model was able to reproduce within a factor of two the sharp increase in OOA concentrations during the late morning at both urban and near-urban locations but the discrepancy increases rapidly later in the day, consistent with previous results, and is especially obvious when the column-integrated SOA mass is considered instead of the surface concentration. The increase in the missing SOA mass in the afternoon coincides with the sharp drop in POA suggesting a tendency of the model to excessively evaporate the freshly formed SOA. Predicted SOA concentrations in our base case were extremely low when photochemistry was not active, especially overnight, as the SOA formed in the previous day was mostly quickly advected away from the basin. These nighttime discrepancies were not significantly reduced when greatly enhanced partitioning to the aerosol phase was assumed. Model sensitivity results suggest that observed nighttime OOA concentrations are strongly influenced by a regional background SOA (~1.5 μg/m3) of biogenic origin which is transported from the coastal mountain ranges into the Mexico City basin. The presence of biogenic SOA in Mexico City was confirmed by SOA tracer-derived estimates that have reported 1.14 (±0.22) μg/m3 of biogenic SOA at T0, and 1.35 (±0.24) μg/m3 at T1, which are of the same order as the model. Consistent with other recent studies, we find that biogenic SOA does not appear to be underestimated significantly by traditional models, in strong contrast to what is observed for anthropogenic pollution. The relative contribution of biogenic SOA to predicted monthly mean SOA levels (traditional approach) is estimated to be more than 30% within the city and up to 65% at the regional scale which may help explain the significant amount of modern carbon in the aerosols inside the city during low biomass burning periods. The anthropogenic emissions of isoprene and its nighttime oxidation by NO3 were also found to enhance the SOA mean concentrations within the city by an additional 15%. Our results confirm the large underestimation of the SOA production by traditional models in polluted regions (estimated as 10–20 tons within the Mexico City metropolitan area during the daily peak), and emphasize for the first time the role of biogenic precursors in this region, indicating that they cannot be neglected in urban modeling studies.
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Sheshadri, Dr Y. V. "Consumer Perception’s Towards Organic Products in Bangalore City." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38060.
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Abstract: A natural product is made from materials produced by using natural agriculture. There are one-of-a-kind types of natural merchandise. However natural product is more acknowledged for food gadgets like organic grocery, natural vegetables, and natural certified meals and so on. The study focuses on the consumer perceptions regarding organic product and the changing trend of the consumers towards organic products. Conveyance sampling technique is used to collect the data and the data is analysed by using chi square and ANOVA. Key words: Organic products, perception, environment and forming.
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Hodzic, A., J. L. Jimenez, S. Madronich, A. C. Aiken, B. Bessagnet, G. Curci, J. Fast, et al. "Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: application of the CHIMERE model and importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (May 19, 2009): 12207–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-12207-2009.
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Abstract. The meso-scale chemistry-transport model CHIMERE is used to assess our understanding of major sources and formation processes leading to a fairly large amount of organic aerosols (OA, including primary OA (POA) and secondary OA (SOA)) observed in Mexico City during the MILAGRO field project (March 2006). Chemical analyses of submicron aerosols from aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) indicate that organic particles found in the Mexico City basin contain a large fraction of oxygenated organic species (OOA) which have strong correspondence with SOA, and that their production actively continues downwind of the city. The SOA formation is modeled here by the one-step oxidation of anthropogenic (i.e. aromatics, alkanes), biogenic (i.e. monoterpenes and isoprene), and biomass-burning SOA precursors and their partitioning into both organic and aqueous phases. The near-surface model evaluation shows that predicted OA correlates reasonably well with measurements during the campaign, however it remains a factor of 2 lower than the measured total OA. Fairly good agreement is found between predicted and observed POA within the city suggesting that anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are reasonably captured. Consistent with previous studies in Mexico City, large discrepancies are encountered for SOA, with a factor of 2–10 model underestimate. When only anthropogenic SOA precursors were considered, the model was able to reproduce within a factor of two the sharp increase in SOA concentrations during the late morning at both urban and near-urban locations but the discrepancy increases rapidly later in the day, consistent with previous results, and is especially obvious when the column-integrated SOA mass is considered instead of the surface concentration. The increase in the missing SOA mass in the afternoon coincides with the sharp drop in POA suggesting a tendency of the model to excessively evaporate the freshly formed SOA. Predicted SOA concentrations in our base case were extremely low when photochemistry was not active, especially overnight, as the SOA formed in the previous day was mostly quickly advected away from the basin. These nighttime discrepancies were not significantly reduced when greatly enhanced partitioning to the aerosol phase was assumed. Model sensitivity results suggest that observed nighttime SOA concentrations are strongly influenced by a regional background SOA (~1.5 μg/m3) of biogenic origin which is transported from the coastal mountain ranges into the Mexico City basin. The relative contribution of biogenic SOA to monthly mean modeled SOA levels is estimated to be more than 30% within the city and up to 65–90% at the regional scale (even in the immediate vicinity of the city) which may help explain the significant amount of modern carbon in the aerosols inside the city during low biomass burning periods. The anthropogenic emissions of isoprene and its nighttime oxidation by NO3 were also found to enhance the SOA mean concentrations within the city by an additional 15%. Our results confirm the large underestimation of the SOA production by traditional models in polluted regions (estimated as 10–20 Tons within the Mexico City metropolitan area during the daily peak), and emphasize for the first time the role of biogenic precursors in this region, indicating that they cannot be neglected in modeling studies.
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Zhang, Feng, Shuai Li, Chang Qing Liu, Xing Sheng Kang, and Yan Li. "The Component and Characteristic Analysis of Organic Matters in Inflow Water of one Wastewater Treatment Plant in Qingdao." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2886.
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The concentration of soluble inert organics and the mass distribution of organic matter in inflow wastewater of one wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Qingdao city in China were studied in this paper. The results showed that the concentration of soluble inert organics in the influent which cannot be degraded by microbe was about 20 mg/L, accounts for 2%～5% of all dissolved organic matter. The small organic molecules (<1 ku) took up the largest proportion of all organics in influent, which was about 40% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Moreover, the residual organic molecules after biological treatment process and coagulation sedimentation process might be transformed into disinfection by-products (DBPs) by chlorination in advanced treatment process, so the combined process of ozone and activated carbon was suggested to be used to remove the small organic molecules in inflow water in this WWTP.
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M.Gomathi, M. Gomathi, and Dr S. Kalyani Dr.S.Kalyani. "A Study on Awareness on Organic Food Products Among General Public in Erode City, Tamilnadu, India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 12 (October 1, 2011): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/82.
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Paramita, Diana, Kukuh Murtilaksono, and Manuwoto Manuwoto. "Kajian Pengelolaan Sampah Berdasarkan Daya Dukung dan Kapasitas Tampung Prasarana Persampahan Kota Depok." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 2, no. 2 (August 21, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2018.2.2.104-117.
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Depok City can only manage about 56.22% from total of 1,286 tons of its daily solid waste. The amount increases everyday that it becomes more concerning to apply solid waste management. The objective of this research is to analyze solid waste management based on the carrying capacity and the storage capacity of waste infrastructures in Depok City. Methods of this study were the suitability between supply and demand of domestic solid waste and the waste infrastructures, Integrated Risk Based Approach (IRBA) and literature study. This study shows that Depok City government has a good system in solid waste management but still needs to improve the quantity and capacity of the infrastructures. Garbage banks can reduce 20% of the inorganic waste and the Organic Waste Processing Unit (Unit Pengolahan Sampah Organik/UPS) has low index carrying capacity of 0.26, which can reduce 3.64% of organic waste. The IRBA shows that Cipayung landfill has moderate danger. The numbers of waste infrastructures required at each district in Depok City shall be equipped, so that the amount of waste disposed to Cipayung landfill can be reduced.
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Mardianah, Ikhsan Fuady, and Moch Armien Syifaa Sutarjo. "Factors affecting the intention of organic agricultural behavior in Tidore City." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602013.
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Organic farming is an alternative to the failure of the green revolution that has been promoted in recent decades. Shifting farmer’s behavior to organic farming has many obstacles. Many factors influence farmers to do organic farming. This research aims to determine the factors that influence farmers’ intentions or intentions in organic farming, with a theoretical framework of Planned Behavior theory. The research method was designed as a quantitative research with a survey approach. The sampling technique in this study used a multistage cluster sampling technique while the sample of this research is part of the population taken by a sampling of 75 respondents. The results of the study show that the factors that have a significant influence on farmers’ intention to carry out organic farming are, social norms factor: the support from the surrounding environment, the perception of personal control (PBC), and the perception of organic farming risks. These three factors have a strong influence on the desire of farmers to implement organic farming in Tidore. The implication is that to accelerate the shift in behavior change to organic farming, and the stakeholders need to consider these three factors.
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Yu, X. Y., R. A. Cary, and N. S. Laulainen. "Primary and secondary organic carbon downwind of Mexico City." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (September 18, 2009): 6793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6793-2009.
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Abstract. In order to study particulate matter transport and transformation in the Megacity environment, fine particulate carbon was measured simultaneously at two supersites, suburban T1 and rural T2, downwind of Mexico City during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and total carbon (TC=OC+EC) were determined in near real-time using a Sunset semi-continuous OCEC field analyzer. The semi-empirical EC tracer method was used to derive primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC). Diurnal variations of primary and secondary carbon were observed at T1 and T2, which resulted from boundary layer inversion and impacted by local traffic patterns. The majority of organic carbon particles at T1 and T2 were secondary. The SOCTC% (SOC%=SOC/TC×100%) at T1 ranged from 0.5–93.8% with an average of 63.5±17.2%. The SOCTC% at T2 ranged from 9.3–98.1% with an average of 67.4±12.4%. The average EC to PM2.5 percentage (ECPM%=EC/PM2.5×100%) and OCPM% were 6.0% and 20.0% over the whole sampling time at T1. The POC to PM percentage (POCPM%) and SOCPM% were 3.7% and 16.3%, respectively at the same site. The maximum ECPM% was 21.2%, and the maximum OCPM% was 57.2% at T1. The maximum POCPM% was 12.9%, and the maximum SOCPM% was 49.7% at T1. Comparison of SOC and POC at T1 and T2 showed similar characteristics under favorable meteorological conditions, which indicated that transport from T1 towards T2 took place. Strong correlations between EC and carbon monoxide (CO) and odd nitrogen species (NO and NOx) were observed at T1. This indicated that EC had nearby sources, such as local traffic emissions. The EC/CO ratio derived by linear regression analysis, with units of μg C/m3 and μg/m3, respectively, was 0.004 at T1. Correlations were also seen between OC and SOC vs. the sum of oxidants, such as O3 and NO2, suggesting the secondary nature of carbons observed at T1.
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Yu, X. Y., R. A. Cary, and N. S. Laulainen. "Primary and secondary organic carbon downwind of Mexico City." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2009): 541–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-541-2009.
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Abstract. In order to study particulate matter transport and transformation in the Megacity environment, fine particulate carbons were measured simultaneously at two supersites, suburban T1 and rural T2, downwind of Mexico City during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and total carbon (TC=OC+EC) were determined in near real-time using a Sunset semi-continuous OC/EC field analyzer. The semi-empirical EC tracer method was used to derive primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC). Diurnal variations of primary and secondary carbons were observed at T1 and T2, which resulted from boundary layer inversion and impacted by local traffic patterns. The majority of organic carbon particles at T1 and T2 were secondary. The SOC% (SOC%=SOC/TC×100%) at T1 ranged from 1.2–100% with an average of 80.7±14.4%. The SOC% at T2 ranged from 12.8–100% with an average of 80.1±14.0%. The average EC to PM2.5 percentage (ECPM%=EC/PM2.5×100%) and OCPM% were 6.0% and 20.0% over the whole sampling time at T1. The POC to PM percentage (POCPM%) and SOCPM% were 3.7% and 16.3%, respectively at the same site. The maximum ECPM% was 21.2%, and the maximum OCPM% was 57.2% at T1. The maximum POCPM% was 12.9%, and the maximum SOCPM% was 49.7% at the suburban site. Comparison of SOC and POC at T1 and T2 showed similar characteristics under favorable meteorological conditions, which indicated that transport between the two supersites took place. Strong correlations between EC and carbon monoxide (CO) and odd nitrogen species (NO and NOx) were observed at T1. This indicated that EC had nearby sources, such as local traffic emissions. The EC/CO ratio derived by linear regression analysis, when parameters in μg C/m3 and μg/m3, respectively, was 0.0045 at T1. Correlations were also seen between OC and SOC vs. the sum of oxidants, such as O3 and NO2, suggesting the secondary nature of carbons observed at T1.
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Garzón, Jessica P., José I. Huertas, Miguel Magaña, María E. Huertas, Beatriz Cárdenas, Takuro Watanabe, Tsuneaki Maeda, Shinji Wakamatsu, and Salvador Blanco. "Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Mexico City." Atmospheric Environment 119 (October 2015): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.014.
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Utama FR, Aeko Fria, and Muhammad Nursan. "Analisis Respon dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Petani terhadap Penerapan Pertanian Organik di Kota Mataram." JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis) : Jurnal Agribisnis dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jia.v5i3.12140.
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The city of Mataram is one of the regions that has the potential for developing organic agriculture and has prepared a policy of using organic materials for farmers in conducting their farming. One of the policies of the Mataram City Government in supporting organic farming practices is to provide assistance in the form of production equipment in the form of an organic fertilizer counter for each farmer group. But in reality, at this time there are still not many farmers who want to do an organic farming system in their farming business. The purpose of this study is to 1) Determine farmers' responses to organic agriculture, and 2) link the factors that encourage farmers to apply organic farming. The method used in this research is descriptive method. This research was conducted in two districts namely Selaparang Subdistrict and Sekarbela Subdistrict, Mataram City, which were selected by purposive sampling. The data in this study are cross section data obtained from interviews with 40 people taken by quota sampling consisting of 20 organic farmers and 20 non-organic farmers. The data collected is then analyzed using a categorical data analysis model. The results showed that, the response of organic farmers to organic farming in the city of Mataram depended on positive results. The response of organic farmers to organic farming in the city of Mataram was positive because respondents thought that the benefits of organic farming on soil fertility were very high, could reduce environmental pollution and could increase increased agriculture. While the response of non-organic farmers to organic farming is in the moderate / less positive range. This causes the complexity of the application of organic agriculture both in terms of fertilization and when spraying pests and diseases. Factors that support farmers in implementing organic farming systems in the city of Mataram are the role of extension workers, approval of agricultural technology and capital. While the factors that hamper farmers involving organic agriculture are farmer prices, prices of organic products which are the same as non-organic products, capital, access to information and access to organic agricultural production.
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Sarma, PK, and SK Raha. "Consumers willingness to pay for organic beef: Evidence from Dhaka City." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 14, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v14i1.30602.
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This study was carried out in order to identify consumers willingness to pay a price premium for organic beef in Dhaka city of Bangladesh during the period July-December 2015. The research surveyed 180 consumers using semistructured questionnaires to examine consumers perception about organic beef and assess their willingness to pay for beef. The study revealed that all respondents are willing to pay price premium for organic beef. Consumers are willing to purchase organic beef because these beef are free of pesticides, chemical, drug, steroid, etc. A health conscious is one of the main determinants of willing to pay followed by consumer perception and quality towards the organic beef. A total of 41% of the consumers are willing to pay 0-5% price premium, whereas 30% are willing to pay up to 10% price premium. About 19% of the respondents feel the extra cost for organic beef is reasonable, while 10% considered it too high. The survey also suggested that the consumption of organic beef is increasing; however, develop production method, slaughtering process, processing, packaging, labeling, and innovations hallal certification from Islamic foundation are needed to stimulate further demand. It was also found that only some groups of consumers are willing to pay the premium necessary for alternative methods of production.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 83-91, June 2016
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Le, Chung T. Q. "Analysis of factors affecting consumers’ intention to purchase organic vegetables in Ho Chi Minh City." Journal of Agriculture and Development 17, no. 05 (October 16, 2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.2.05.2018.
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Food safety is a matter of concern to the society, in which the organic food market is developing very strongly in Ho Chi Minh City in particular and the Vietnam market in general. The study was conducted by interviewing 372 consumers living in the city to analyse the present situation of organic vegetables consumption in the investigated area, to analyse factors affecting the intention to consume organic vegetables and propose measures to develop organic vegetables market in Ho Chi Minh City. Data processing methods included Cronbach's Alpha, EFA, CFA, and SEM. Research results showed that there were four main factors influencing the intention to consume organic vegetables. The most important factor was subjective noms, followed by consumers' beliefs in organic vegetables, the attitude of consumers towards organic vegetables and consumer's perception of the price of organic vegetables.
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Jász, Borbála. "MENTAL MAP OF THE CITY: ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARGUMENTATION AND CREATIVITY IN MODERN CITY PLANNING." Creativity Studies 11, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2018.6901.
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Lewis Mumford in The City in History (first edition in 1961) emphasises that the structure of modern cities is partially responsible for many social problems seen in Western society. Urban planning should concentrate on an organic relationship between people and their living spaces. The city is a product of Earth, a fact of nature, man’s method of expression, Mumford writes in his The Culture of Cities (first edition in 1938). This also means that both the designer and the user must have a high degree of creativity in order to design and utilise the built environment. By analysing the definition of the city Mumford examines its changes during history from ancient times to recent planning method. He criticises the most dominant design processes of the 20th century: the functionalist and mechanical urban design. He is an advocate of the organic method in planning and understanding cities. The organic approach requires an active and creative approach as opposed to mere passive reception.This organic approach by Mumford to understanding cities is based on the theory of Kevin A. Lynch. We may distinguish 3 normative ways of city planning theory: (1) the cosmic, (2) the mechanic and (3) the organic model.In my paper I will first apply the onion model of culture developed by Geert Hofstede for the city and its analysis, and also for the appearance of creativity in them. After that I am going to examine the city with a special, architectural based mind map theory: the five elements by Lynch. Lynch suggests that these five elements (paths, edges, districts, nodes, landmarks) create the mental map for readability. Finally, I will investigate a usage of mental map in modern city planning (Le Corbusier) and works on the process of “debabelisation” (Otto Neurath). Santrauka Lewisas Mumfordas Mieste istorijoje (pirmasis leidimas – 1961 m.) pabrėžia, kad šiuolaikinių miestų struktūrai tenka dalis atsakomybės dėl daugelio socialinių problemų, regimų Vakarų visuomenėje. Miesto planavimas turėtų būti koncentruojamas į organišką ryšį tarp žmonių ir jų gyvenamųjų erdvių. Miestų kultūroje (pirmasis leidimas – 1938) Mumfordas rašo, kad miestas – tai Žemės produktas, gamtos įvykis, žmogiškosios išraiškos metodas. Tai taip pat reiškia, kad tiek projektuotojas, tiek vartotojas turi būti itin kūrybiškas, idant suprojektuotų ir panaudotų sukurtą aplinką. Analizuodamas miesto apibrėžimą, Mumfordas nagrinėja jo kaitą istorijoje nuo antikos laikų iki dabartinio planavimo metodo. Jis kritikuoja XX a. labiausiai įsivyravusius projektavimo procesus: funkcionalistinį ir mechaninį miesto projektavimą. Jis yra organinio metodo, taikomo miestams planuoti ir suprasti, šalininkas. Organiškas požiūris reikalauja aktyvaus ir kūrybiško požiūrio, priešpriešinamo grynai pasyviam suvokimui.Šis organiškas Mumfordo požiūris, suprantant miestus, grindžiamas Kevino A. Lyncho teorija. Galime išskirti tris normatyvinius miesto planavimo teorijos būdus: 1) kosminį; 2) mechaninį; 3) organinį modelį.Straipsnyje pirmiausia taikomas svogūninis kultūros modelis, kurį miestui ir jo analizei, taip pat jų kūrybiškumo pasireiškimui sukūrė Geertas Hofstede. Paskui nagrinėjamas miestas, pasitelkiant ypatingą, architektūra grindžiamą proto žemėlapio teoriją – penkis Lyncho elementus. Lynchas teigia, kad šie penki elementai (takai, pakraščiai, rajonai, susikirtimo taškai, peizažai) kuria mentalinį reglamentavimo žemėlapį. Galiausiai tyrinėjama, kaip proto žemėlapis naudojamas šiuolaikiniam miestui planuoti (Le Corbusier) ir kokią įtaką daro „debabilizacijos“ procesui (Otto Neurathas).
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Tsydenova, Morillas, Hernández, Soria, Wilches, and Pehlken. "Feasibility and Barriers for Anaerobic Digestion in Mexico City." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 30, 2019): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154114.
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Due to the high organic fraction in municipal solid waste (MSW) composition in Mexico City, anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered as a viable treatment method for organics in this study. The most feasible way refers to the waste from the wholesale market Central de Abasto, which is predominantly organics. This work aims to perform a business plan and discuss the barriers for AD technology in Mexico. In this case study, the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) approach is applied to estimate the profitability of the project. The net present value of this project is positive, and the model resulted in a payback period of 7 years. Identified barriers to feasibility of energy generation through biogas of MSW in Mexico include the need for large investment, low profitability through sales of electricity, and no use for generated heat. An attractive panorama for clean energy in Mexico was not evidenced, even though the Energy Reform took place in 2013. However, the environmental analysis also demonstrates a positive environmental impact of 730 kg CO2 per 1 Mg of MSW. Therefore, support incentives are needed to promote the use of other by-products of the AD process, such as heat and digestate.
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Lee-Taylor, J., S. Madronich, B. Aumont, M. Camredon, A. Hodzic, G. S. Tyndall, E. Apel, and R. A. Zaveri. "Explicit modeling of organic chemistry and secondary organic aerosol partitioning for Mexico City and its outflow plume." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2011): 17013–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-17013-2011.
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Abstract. The evolution of organic aerosols (OA) in Mexico City and its outflow is investigated with the nearly explicit gas phase photochemistry model GECKO-A (Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere), wherein precursor hydrocarbons are oxidized to numerous intermediate species for which vapor pressures are computed and used to determine gas/particle partitioning in a chemical box model. Precursor emissions included observed C3–10 alkanes, alkenes, and light aromatics, as well as larger n-alkanes (up to C25) not directly observed but estimated by scaling to particulate emissions according to their volatility. Conditions were selected for comparison with observations made in March 2006 (MILAGRO). The model successfully reproduces the magnitude and diurnal shape for both primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols, with POA peaking in the early morning at 15–20 μg m−3, and SOA peaking at 10–15 μg m−3 during mid-day. The majority (≥75 %) of the model SOA stems from the large n-alkanes, with the remainder mostly from the light aromatics. Simulated OA elemental composition reproduces observed H/C and O/C ratios reasonably well, although modeled ratios develop more slowly than observations suggest. SOA chemical composition is initially dominated by δ-hydroxy ketones and nitrates from the large alkanes, with contributions from peroxy acyl nitrates and, at later times when NOx is lower, organic hydroperoxides. The simulated plume-integrated OA mass continues to increase for several days downwind despite dilution-induced particle evaporation, since oxidation chemistry leading to SOA formation remains strong. In this model, the plume SOA burden several days downwind exceeds that leaving the city by a factor of >3. These results suggest significant regional radiative impacts of SOA.
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Lee-Taylor, J., S. Madronich, B. Aumont, A. Baker, M. Camredon, A. Hodzic, G. S. Tyndall, E. Apel, and R. A. Zaveri. "Explicit modeling of organic chemistry and secondary organic aerosol partitioning for Mexico City and its outflow plume." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 24 (December 21, 2011): 13219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13219-2011.
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Abstract. The evolution of organic aerosols (OA) in Mexico City and its outflow is investigated with the nearly explicit gas phase photochemistry model GECKO-A (Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere), wherein precursor hydrocarbons are oxidized to numerous intermediate species for which vapor pressures are computed and used to determine gas/particle partitioning in a chemical box model. Precursor emissions included observed C3-10 alkanes, alkenes, and light aromatics, as well as larger n-alkanes (up to C25) not directly observed but estimated by scaling to particulate emissions according to their volatility. Conditions were selected for comparison with observations made in March 2006 (MILAGRO). The model successfully reproduces the magnitude and diurnal shape for both primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols, with POA peaking in the early morning at 15–20 μg m−3, and SOA peaking at 10–15 μg m−3 during mid-day. The majority (≥75%) of the model SOA stems from reaction products of the large n-alkanes, used here as surrogates for all emitted hydrocarbons of similar volatility, with the remaining SOA originating mostly from the light aromatics. Simulated OA elemental composition reproduces observed H/C and O/C ratios reasonably well, although modeled ratios develop more slowly than observations suggest. SOA chemical composition is initially dominated by δ-hydroxy ketones and nitrates from the large alkanes, with contributions from peroxy acyl nitrates and, at later times when NOx is lower, organic hydroperoxides. The simulated plume-integrated OA mass continues to increase for several days downwind despite dilution-induced particle evaporation, since oxidation chemistry leading to SOA formation remains strong. In this model, the plume SOA burden several days downwind exceeds that leaving the city by a factor of >3. These results suggest significant regional radiative impacts of SOA.
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Qin, Yi Ming, Hao Bo Tan, Yong Jie Li, Misha I. Schurman, Fei Li, Francesco Canonaco, André S. H. Prévôt, and Chak K. Chan. "Impacts of traffic emissions on atmospheric particulate nitrate and organics at a downwind site on the periphery of Guangzhou, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17 (September 1, 2017): 10245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10245-2017.
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Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) pollution on the peripheries of Chinese megacities can be as serious as in cities themselves. Given the substantial vehicular emissions in inner-city areas, the direct transport of primary PM (e.g., black carbon and primary organics) and effective formation of secondary PM from precursors (e.g., NOx and volatile organic compounds) can contribute to PM pollution in buffer zones between cities. To investigate how traffic emissions in inner-city areas impact these adjacent buffer zones, a suite of real-time instruments were deployed in Panyu, downwind from central Guangzhou, from November to December 2014. Nitrate mass fraction was higher on high-PM days, with the average nitrate-to-sulfate ratio increasing from around 0.35 to 1.5 as the PM mass concentration increased from 10 to 160 µg m−3. Particulate nitrate was strongly correlated with excess ammonium (([NH4+] ∕ [SO42−] − 1.5) × [SO42−]), with higher concentrations in December than in November due to lower temperatures. The organic mass fraction was the highest across all PM1 levels throughout the campaign. While organic aerosols (OA) were dominated by secondary organic aerosols (SOA = semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosols + low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosols) as a campaign average, freshly emitted hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA) contributed up to 40 % of OA during high-OA periods, which typically occurred at nighttime and contributed 23.8 to 28.4 % on average. This was due to daytime traffic restrictions on heavy-duty vehicles in Guangzhou, and HOA almost increased linearly with total OA concentration. SOA increased as odd oxygen (Ox = O3 + NO2) increased during the day due to photochemistry. A combination of nighttime traffic emissions and daytime photochemistry contributed to the buildup of PM in Panyu. The mitigation of PM pollution in inner-city areas by reducing vehicular traffic can potentially improve air quality in peripheral areas.
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Sokolov, Dmitriy, Oxana Erina, Maria Tereshina, and Sergey Chalov. "Human impact on organic matter distribution in the Moskva River." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016305013.
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In 2019, we conducted an integrated study on the Moskva River and its tributaries during the low summer season with a focus on organic matter content (OM) assessment in river waters. The maximum OM content was measured at the river headwaters and related to natural sources. The Mozhaysk Reservoir regulation in the summer had the effect of increased organic load below the dam due to a rise in the allochthonous labile OM. Upstream from the Moscow City, the OM content was relatively low, despite wastewater inflow from several densely populated areas and polluted river inflow. Within the city, organic matter concentration increased by a factor of 1.5 due to an inflow from the Volga River via the Moskva-Volga Canal, whereas the release of treated sewage from the Moscow City wastewater treatment facilities did not have a significant effect. Below the city, the OM content increased again by a factor of 1.5 due to the inflow of urban and industrial wastewater and polluted tributaries. The observations in the lower reaches of the Moskva River indicate a high degree of anthropogenic euthrophication.
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Jammal, Ibrahim, and Patricia Mooney Melvin. "The Organic City: Urban Definition and Community Organization 1880-1920." Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 3 (May 1989): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073853.
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Couvares, Francis G., and Patricia Mooney Melvin. "The Organic City: Urban Definition and Community Organization, 1880-1920." American Historical Review 94, no. 4 (October 1989): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906771.
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Torri, S. I., and C. Alberti. "Characterization of organic compounds from biosolids of Buenos Aires city." Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 12, no. 1 (2012): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162012000100012.
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Fairfield, John D., and Patricia Mooney Melvin. "The Organic City: Urban Definition and Community Organization, 1880-1920." Journal of American History 75, no. 2 (September 1988): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1887937.
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Sun, Y. Z., H. J. Zhang, Z. C. Du, Q. X. Li, and Z. X. Li. "Organic Pollution of Street Dust in the Handan City, China." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-003-0003-7.
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Zou, Ning. "Traditional Living Space of Organic Update along the River of Xiangtan City." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1746.
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Based on the historical evolution of traditional Xiangtan City, elements, morphology of living space, that update the traditional urban living space, and propose for the city of Xiangtan traditional organic living space along the updated policy.
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Shi, Z. J., Y. Lu, Z. G. Xu, and S. L. Fu. "Enzyme activities of urban soils under different land use in the Shenzhen city, China." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 8 (August 12, 2008): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/415-pse.
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Urbanization has drastically changed soil properties, and an assessment of these changes is essential for soil management and soil health. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase and catalase, soil organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and clay (< 0.01 mm) content of urban soils under two land-uses in the central built-up area of the Shenzhen city were investigated, and multivariate analysis was used to study the relationship between soil enzymes and soil physical-chemical properties. The results showed that invertase activity in roadside soil was significantly higher than that in urban park soil, whereas catalase activity was significantly higher in urban park soil. Soil organic matter had significant positive correlation with activities of invertase, urease and acid phosphatase but not with catalase. Soil pH had a significant negative direct effect on urease and acid phosphatase activity, but the effect was counteracted by positive indirect effect of soil organic matter. Soil EC had a positive direct effect on activities of catalase and there was a significant correlation between soil EC and soil catalase activities. Soil organic matter, soil pH and EC were the major factors influencing activities of soil enzymes.
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Nouvel, Damien D. "Organic, Planned or Both: Alserkal Avenue: An Art District by Entrepreneurial Action in an Organic Evolutionary Context." Built Environment 46, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.46.2.262.
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While Dubai's urban scene is dominated by planned and pre-designed developments, grassroots initiatives have always been present and have helped shape the trajectory of the city's evolution. In one case, an industrial area, Al Quoz, has seen the clustering of art businesses over a relatively short period turning it into a cultural destination. Accounting for most of such clustering, Alserkal Avenue became Dubai's art hot-spot that changed the cultural map of the city. This article describes the rise of Alserkal Avenue, not only as the result of the entrepreneurial action of the proprietors but also as a product of a complex melange of economic, cultural, and urban evolutionary processes that intertwine with the rise of the city itself.
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Gilardoni, S., S. Liu, S. Takahama, L. M. Russell, J. D. Allan, R. Steinbrecher, J. L. Jimenez, P. F. De Carlo, E. J. Dunlea, and D. Baumgardner. "Characterization of organic ambient aerosol during MIRAGE 2006 on three platforms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 15 (August 3, 2009): 5417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5417-2009.
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Abstract. Submicron atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observation (MILAGRO) in March 2006 at three platforms located in the Mexico City urban area (at the Mexico City Atmospheric Monitoring System building – SIMAT), at about 60 km south-east of the metropolitan area (Altzomoni in the Cortes Pass), and on board the NCAR C130 aircraft. Organic functional group and elemental composition were measured by FTIR and XRF. The average organic mass (OM) concentration, calculated as the sum of organic functional group concentrations, was 9.9 μg m−3 at SIMAT, 6.6 μg m−3 at Altzomoni, and 5.7 μg m−3 on the C130. Aliphatic saturated C-C-H and carboxylic acid COOH groups dominated OM (more than 60%) at the ground sites. On the C130, a non-acid carbonyl C=O, carboxylic acid COOH, and amine NH2 groups were observed in concentrations above detection limit only outside the Mexico City basin. From the elemental composition of SIMAT samples, we estimated the upper bound of average contribution of biomass burning to the organic carbon (OC) as 33–39%. The average OM/OC ratio was 1.8 at SIMAT, 2.0 at Altzomoni, and 1.6–1.8 on the C130. On the aircraft, higher OM/OC ratios were measured outside of the Mexico City basin, north of the urban area, along the city outflow direction. The average carboxylic acid to aliphatic saturated ratio at SIMAT reflected a local increase of oxidized functional group concentration in aged particles.
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Gilardoni, S., L. Shang, S. Takahama, L. M. Russell, J. D. Allan, R. Steinbrecher, J. L. Jimenez, P. F. Decarlo, E. J. Dunlea, and D. Baumgardner. "Characterization of organic ambient aerosol during MIRAGE 2006 on three platforms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (March 10, 2009): 6617–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-6617-2009.
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Abstract. Submicron atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observation (MILAGRO) in March 2006 at three platforms located in the Mexico City urban area (at the Mexico City Atmospheric Monitoring System building – SIMAT), at about 60 km south-west of the metropolitan area (Altzomoni in the Cortes Pass), and on board the NSF/NCAR aircraft C130. Organic functional group and elemental composition were measured by FTIR and XRF. The average organic mass (OM) concentration, calculated as the sum of organic functional group concentrations, was 9.9 μg m−3 at SIMAT, 6.6 μg m−3 at Altzomoni, and 5.7 μg m−3 on the C130. Aliphatic saturated C-C-H and carboxylic acid COOH groups dominated OM (more than 60%) at the ground sites. On the C130, a non-acid carbonyl C=O, and amine NH2 groups were observed in concentrations above detection limit only outside the Mexico City basin. From the elemental composition of SIMAT samples, we estimated the upper bound of average contribution of biomass burning to the organic carbon (OC) as 33–39%. The average OM/OC ratio was 1.8 at SIMAT, 2.0 at Altzomoni, and 1.6–1.8 on the C130. On the aircraft, higher OM/OC ratios were measured outside of the Mexico City basin, north of the urban area, along the city outflow direction. The average carboxylic acid plus non-acid carbonyl to aliphatic saturated ratio was higher at Altzomoni relative to SIMAT, reflecting a larger average contribution of carbonyl functional groups (largely in carboxylic acids) at the mountain site.
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Benjamin Fraser. "Narrating the Organic City: A Lefebvrian Approach to City Planning, the Novel, and Urban Theory in Spain." Journal of Narrative Theory 39, no. 3 (2009): 369–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jnt.0.0034.
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Xu, Jian Feng, and Bing Li. "Green City Designing Based on Sustainable Development." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1635.
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Green city planning theory is the renovation and development of modern urban planning theory. It bases firmly on the ecologic philosophy and emphasize the dynamic harmony and organic unification of different factors. explore how to implement the Central Business District in urban planning for sustainable development.
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Han, Heejin. "Singapore, a Garden City." Journal of Environment & Development 26, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496516677365.
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The rapid economic development of Singapore has been attributed to its plan-rational technocratic elite, according to the developmental state model. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of the country’s deeply entrenched developmental state tradition on its environment and environmental governance. This article establishes the nexus between these two by examining Singapore’s transition into a garden city. It demonstrates how the Singaporean government has maintained a top-down, nonparticipatory approach to policy making in line with the postulations of authoritarian environmentalism and how this mode of governance is related to the developmental state legacy. While Singapore’s environmental policy resulted in its international reputation as a model green city with a remarkable expansion of green spaces and infrastructure, these outputs signify the results of the developmental state’s deliberate planning and management based on a utilitarian view toward nature rather than on the outcomes of an organic and comprehensive transition to a green society.
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Dall'Osto, M., J. Ovadnevaite, D. Ceburnis, D. Martin, R. M. Healy, I. P. O'Connor, J. R. Sodeau, J. C. Wenger, and C. O'Dowd. "Characterization of urban aerosol in Cork City (Ireland) using aerosol mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2012): 29657–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-29657-2012.
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Abstract. Ambient wintertime background urban aerosol in Cork City, Ireland, was characterized using aerosol mass spectrometry. During the three-week measurement study in 2009, 93% of the 1 200 000 single particles characterized by an Aerosol Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (TSI ATOFMS) were classified into five organic-rich particle types, internally-mixed to different proportions with Elemental Carbon (EC), sulphate and nitrate while the remaining 7% was predominantly inorganic in nature. Non-refractory PM1 aerosol was also characterized using a High Resolution Time-Of-Flight Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and was also found to comprise organic matter as the most abundant species (62%), followed by nitrate (15%), sulphate (9%) and ammonium (9%), and then chloride (5%). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the HR-ToF-AMS organic matrix and a five-factor solution was found to describe the variance in the data well. Specifically, "Hydrocarbon-like" Organic Aerosol (HOA) comprised 19% of the mass, "Oxygenated low volatility" Organic Aerosols (LV-OOA) comprised 19%, "Biomass wood Burning" Organic Aerosol (BBOA) comprised 23%, non-wood solid-fuel combustion "Peat and Coal" Organic Aerosol (PCOA) comprised 21%, and finally, a species type characterized by primary m/z peaks at 41 and 55, similar to previously-reported "Cooking" Organic Aerosol (COA) but possessing different diurnal variations to what would be expected for cooking activities, contributed 18%. Despite wood, cool and peat being minor fuel types used for domestic space heating in urban areas, their relatively low combustion efficiencies result in a significant contribution to PM1 aerosol mass (44% and 28% of the total organic aerosols mass and non refractory PM1, respectively).
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Johan, Yar, Person Pesona Renta, Dewi Purnama, Ali Muqsit, and Pinsi Hariman. "JENIS DAN BOBOT SAMPAH LAUT (MARINE DEBRIS) PANTAI PANJANG KOTA BENGKULU." JURNAL ENGGANO 4, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.4.2.243-256.
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Pantai panjang telah ditetapkan menjadi salah satu destinasi ekowisata yang ada di Kota Bengkulu. Terdapat 2 jenis marine debris (sampah organik dan sampah anorganik) yang meyebabkan permasalahan di Pantai Panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 13 macam marine debris yang digolongkan ke dalam sampah organik di Pantai Panjang yaitu kayu, kertas, kelapa, daun, akar, kardus, bambu, kulit durian, pinang, ketapang, serabut, pohon jagung dan mangrove. Sedangkan jenis sampah anorganik ditemukan 21 macam marine debris yaitu plastik, botol kaca, busa, kain, sepatu, pipet, sendal, tutup botol, tali, pecahan kaca, mainan plastik, karpet, pena, boneka, steorofom, karet, gabus, rem dan sikat gigi. Jenis sampah organik yang mendominasi adalah sampah kayu, sedangkan untuk sampah anorganik yang mendominasi adalah sampah plastik. Jumlah potongan sampah laut dan berat sampah laut tertinggi didominasi oleh sampah organik.TYPES AND WEIGHT OF MARINE DEBRIS IN PANJANG BEACH BENGKULU CITY. Panjang beach has been established as one of the ecotourism destinations in Bengkulu city. There were 2 types of marine debris (organic waste and inorganic waste) which cause problems at Pantai Panjang. The results showed that there were 13 types of waste classified as organic waste in Pantai Beach, namely wood, paper, coconut, leaves, roots, cardboard, bamboo, durian, areca nut, ketapang, fibers, corn and mangrove. While inorganic waste types were found 21 kinds of marine debris, namely plastic, glass bottles, foam, cloth, shoes, pipettes, sandals, bottle caps, ropes, broken glass, plastic toys, carpets, pens, dolls, steorofomes, rubber, cork, brakes and tooth brush. The dominant type of organic waste was wood waste, while for inorganic waste that dominates was plastic waste. The highest number of pieces of marine debris and the weight of marine debris was dominated by organic waste.
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Yesodha, Miss S., and Dr N. Tamilchelvi. "Consumers’ Awareness and Satisfaction towards Organic food products – A study in Coimbatore City." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8393.
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Agriculture is very important sector in the Indian economy, it is most important activity which along with creating good food for the nation which creates employment to the majority of the population. There was acute shortage of agricultural output in the mid sixties, the green revolution which was mid sixties. Farmers are utilizing fertilizers for more cultivation, finally it is negative for human health. Many decease come to early stage of human life cycle, organic food production is traditional process. People turned to organic foods because of the health issues. Government given license for it, producers are printed the license and logo on the wrapper. Consumers should aware of organic food and these logo while purchase. The following are the objectives of the study (i) to present he socio economic profile of the sample respondents. (ii) to find the level of awareness and satisfaction of organic food products. (iii) to analysis the awareness and satisfaction of organic food products and (iv) to offer suggestions to the organic food consumers. Researcher adopted convenient sampling method to collect data the same time researchers consider all type of people. Researcher had taken 225 respondents as sample for this study. Percentage analysis used to present the demographic profile of the sample respondents. Chi square test applied to find the factors influence the awareness and satisfaction of organic food products. This study concluded that the awareness of organic food products are not enough in the study area, producers could use the technology and internet to create more awareness. The level of satisfaction is good enough in the study area, it shows that the organic food products are good quality and healthy.
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Dall'Osto, M., J. Ovadnevaite, D. Ceburnis, D. Martin, R. M. Healy, I. P. O'Connor, I. Kourtchev, J. R. Sodeau, J. C. Wenger, and C. O'Dowd. "Characterization of urban aerosol in Cork city (Ireland) using aerosol mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 9 (May 15, 2013): 4997–5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4997-2013.
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Abstract. Ambient wintertime background urban aerosol in Cork city, Ireland, was characterized using aerosol mass spectrometry. During the three-week measurement study in 2009, 93% of the ca. 1 350 000 single particles characterized by an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (TSI ATOFMS) were classified into five organic-rich particle types, internally mixed to different proportions with elemental carbon (EC), sulphate and nitrate, while the remaining 7% was predominantly inorganic in nature. Non-refractory PM1 aerosol was characterized using a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS) and was also found to comprise organic aerosol as the most abundant species (62%), followed by nitrate (15%), sulphate (9%) and ammonium (9%), and chloride (5%). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the HR-ToF-AMS organic matrix, and a five-factor solution was found to describe the variance in the data well. Specifically, "hydrocarbon-like" organic aerosol (HOA) comprised 20% of the mass, "low-volatility" oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) comprised 18%, "biomass burning" organic aerosol (BBOA) comprised 23%, non-wood solid-fuel combustion "peat and coal" organic aerosol (PCOA) comprised 21%, and finally a species type characterized by primary \\textit{m/z}~peaks at 41 and 55, similar to previously reported "cooking" organic aerosol (COA), but possessing different diurnal variations to what would be expected for cooking activities, contributed 18%. Correlations between the different particle types obtained by the two aerosol mass spectrometers are also discussed. Despite wood, coal and peat being minor fuel types used for domestic space heating in urban areas, their relatively low combustion efficiencies result in a significant contribution to PM1 aerosol mass (44% and 28% of the total organic aerosol mass and non-refractory total PM1, respectively).
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Temuçin, Melek B., İlker Kocabaş, and Kaya Oğuz. "Using Cellular Automata as a Basis for Procedural Generation of Organic Cities." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2293.
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Procedural content generation (PCG) methods are commonly employed in computer games, simulations, and other related industries. While these methods are used for levels, terrains, stories and missions, their usage for procedural city generation is relatively rare because cities are heterogeneous structures with different components such as roads, layouts and buildings that depend on and affect each other. Additionally, ancient cities grew organically to areas that are safe and to those that provide food and water. This resulted in cities that do not have apparent regular patterns, such as rectangular building blocks. We propose an approach that uses cellular automata (CA) that generates clusters of areas. The CA is repeated for each cluster to hierarchically create different levels of the city. This procedure creates an organic city layout with fractal properties. The layout specifies the building blocks, main roads, and foliage. We also present a set of methods that can transform this layout into a three-dimensional model of the city. The results are promising; cities can be created in under a minute with minimal required input, and the resulting virtual city looks organic, rather than an algorithmic layout that has repeating patterns.
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Fast, J. D., A. C. Aiken, J. Allan, L. Alexander, T. Campos, M. R. Canagaratna, E. Chapman, et al. "Evaluating simulated primary anthropogenic and biomass burning organic aerosols during MILAGRO: implications for assessing treatments of secondary organic aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2009): 4805–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-4805-2009.
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Abstract. Simulated primary organic aerosols (POA), as well as other particulates and trace gases, in the vicinity of Mexico City are evaluated using measurements collected during the 2006 Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaigns. Since the emission inventories and dilution will directly affect predictions of total organic matter and consequently total particulate matter, our objective is to assess the uncertainties in predicted POA before testing and evaluating the performance of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) treatments. Carbon monoxide (CO) is well simulated on most days both over the city and downwind, indicating that transport and mixing processes were usually consistent with the meteorological conditions observed during MILAGRO. Predicted and observed elemental carbon (EC) in the city was similar, but larger errors occurred at remote locations since the overall CO/EC emission ratios in the national emission inventory were lower than in the metropolitan emission inventory. Components of organic aerosols derived from Positive Matrix Factorization of data from several Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer instruments deployed both at ground sites and on research aircraft are used to evaluate the model. Modeled POA was consistently lower than the measured organic matter at the ground sites, which is consistent with the expectation that SOA should be a large fraction of the total organic matter mass. A much better agreement was found when modeled POA was compared with the sum of measured "primary anthropogenic" and "biomass burning" components on most days, suggesting that the overall magnitude of primary organic particulates released was reasonable. The modeled POA was greater than the total observed organic matter when the aircraft flew directly downwind of large fires, suggesting that biomass burning emission estimates from some large fires may be too high. Predicted total observed organic carbon (TOOC) was also analyzed to assess how emission inventory estimates of volatile organic compounds may impact predictions of SOA.
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Iglesias Jiménez, Emeterio, and Víctor Pérez García. "Relationships between organic carbon and total organic matter in municipal solid wastes and city refuse composts." Bioresource Technology 41, no. 3 (January 1992): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(92)90012-m.
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Toineno, Fespy oristo. "SOCIAL SOLIDARITY OF STUDENTS IN STATE SMA KUPANG CITY." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 11 (November 17, 2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.611.7291.
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SOCIAL SOLIDARITY OF STUDENTS IN STATE SMA KUPANG CITY
Fespy O. Toineno, S.Pd, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Akhyar, M.Pd, Prof. Dr. Nunuk Suryani, M.Pd
Email: 1 fespyoristo@yahoo.com, 2 makhaliya@yahoo.com, 3 nunuk_suryani_uns@yahoo.com
History Education Postgraduate Program, Sebelas Maret State University Surakarta
ABSTRACT
Social solidarity is the togetherness of individuals or groups that arise from moral feelings and shared beliefs that are reinforced by shared emotional experiences. Durkheim in Maliki said, there are two social solidarity namely mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is an individual's awareness in carrying out social life based on the foundation of identity among its members. Whereas organic solidarity is an awareness developed on the basis of social cohesion through different solidarity models within the class of its members.
This research uses descriptive qualitative method, research location in the city of Kupang. Data collection is done through library research, observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation techniques. The informants in this study were students of the State Senior High School in Kupang. Data analysis techniques used in this study were by means of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.
The results showed that organic social solidarity was quite prominent in students. In the process of student social interaction, organic solidarity is more prominent. This is seen through one of the student activities in the learning process such as the division of study groups. The behavior of choosing friends according to liking, emotional closeness is very prominent. While the division of student roles is going well, but individuality or competition in groups and competition with other groups of students is inevitable.
Keywords: Solidarity, Social, Students, Schools
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Hu, Mo Zhong, Yan Hua Fan, and Qiu Quan Zhao. "A Study of HOPSCA Development under the Intensive Land Use." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.589.
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The emergence of urban complex is a necessity of the generally accepted concepts--moderate concentration of the city, compact development of space and organic mixture of function. It explains the nature of city development on the level of "Urbanism, Openness and Intensivism”, and it is an urban entity combining the internal logic dynamically between city function and city development by city architecture and city space. In the real HOPSCA time, what we concern is the city rather than the architecture.
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YOSHIKAWA, Sanae, Nobuaki YAMAMOTO, Susumu SAKURAGI, and Satoru YOKOTA. "Survey of Organic Chlorinated Compounds of Ground Waters in Kawasaki City." Japan journal of water pollution research 14, no. 12 (1991): 876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.14.876.
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Nuro, Aurel, Elda Marku, Bledar Murtaj, and Valbona Plaku. "Determination of some organic pollutants in waters rivers of Tirana city." Zastita materijala 58, no. 2 (2017): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat1702212n.
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