Journal articles: 'Organic carbon'

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Cienciala, E., Z. Exnerová, J. Macků, and V. Henžlík. "Foresttopsoil organic carbon content inSouthwest Bohemiaregion." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 9 (January 9, 2012): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4519-jfs.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate organic carbon content (SOC) in the surface layers of forest soils in the two Natural Forest Regions situated in Southwest Bohemia, namely Západočeská pahorkatina (NFR 6) and Český les (NFR 11). The study is based upon on two consecutive soil sampling campaigns during autumn 2003 and 2004. While the sampling of 2003 was inadequate to estimate bulk density, the consecutive campaign used a defined sample volume to permit an estimation of bulk density and quantification of soil organic carbon (SOC) for soil organic layers and the upper mineral horizon. The total sampling depth was 30 cm including both organic and mineral layer. SOC of organic horizon was on average 1.99 kg C/m2. It differed by stand site type ranging from 0.70 to 3.04 kg C/m2. The organic layer SOC was smallest under beech (1.03 kg C/m2), whereas it was higher under pine (2.19 kg C/m2) and spruce (2.09 kg C/m2). SOC in the mineral layer was in average 7.28 kg C/m2. SOC differed significantly by the major tree species and reached 10.6; 5.67 and 7.5 kg C/m2 for beech, pine and spruce sites, respectively. The average SOC for the total soil layer (0–30 cm) reached 9.33 kg C/m2. The methodological aspects of regional estimation of SOC and the potential of utilization of the national forest inventory program are also discussed.

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Meuzelaar, Henk L. C. "Organic Carbon?" Field Analytical Chemistry & Technology 4, no. 2-3 (2000): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:2/3<71::aid-fact1>3.0.co;2-c.

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Remeš, M., and J. Kulhavý. "Dissolved organic carbon concentrations under conditions of different forestcomposition." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 5 (April 20, 2009): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2009-jfs.

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The study deals with the monitoring of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in seepage water sampled from differently managed forest plots in the Drahanská vrchovina Upland. Simultaneously, the input of DOC in precipitation and throughfall is evaluated. Preliminary results show higher mobility level of carbon substances in forest soil in a pure spruce stand compared to mixed stand or a pure beech stand. DOC can be one of suitable characteristics to evaluate the conversion effectiveness of spruce monocultures.

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Meyer, Judy L. "Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in two subtropical blackwater rivers." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 108, no. 1 (November 25, 1986): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/108/1986/119.

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Ma, Xuexi, Zhengzhong Jin, Yingju Wang, and Jiaqiang Lei. "Effects of Shelter Forests on Soil Organic Carbon of Irrigated Soils in the Taklimakan Desert." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084535.

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An experiment was carried out to test the effects of artificial vegetation on soil organic carbon in sandy soil. The soils were collected from the Taklimakan desert highway shelter forests with different stand age (the stand ages are 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, respectively, and three shrubs named Calligonum mongolicunl, Tamarix chinensis and Haloxylon ammodendron were planted along the highway) in Xinjiang, northwest of China. The soil organic carbon stock in soil vertical layers were calculated. We measured four passive organic carbons (i.e., micro-aggregates organic carbon, humic organic carbon, acid-resistant organic carbon and antioxidant organic carbon). Furthermore, we analyzed the correlations and ratios among the different passive organic carbons. Finally, the chemical composition of humus was detected and the relative contents of C=O and CH groups were determined. The main results showed that, (1) the soil organic carbon and organic carbon stock were decreased with the increase of depth, mainly in 0–50 cm. (2) With the increase of stand age, only in Tamarix chinensis forest, the total soil organic carbon stock increased a little. (3) Total soil organic carbon had more closely correlation with contents of micro-aggregate organic carbon and humic organic carbon. (4) C=O/C-O-C increased a little after 10 years; CH/C-O-C had no obvious change with stand age; CH2/CH3 did not change obviously after 13 years. The Tamarix chinensis forest is the most helpful for carbon sequestration in sandy soil and stabilization in surface layer than Calligonum mongolicunl and Haloxylon ammodendron.

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Ramírez-Palma, Richard Iván, Alejandro Crisóstomo Véliz-Aguayo, Juan Francisco Garcés-Vargas, Lucrecia Cristina Moreno-Alcívar, Gerardo Antonio Herrera-Brunett, and Miguel Antonio Salvatierra-Barzola. "Reducción de trazas de materia orgánica en agua potable mediante la adsorción con Zeolita.//Reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through adsorption with zeolite." CIENCIA UNEMI 12, no. 29 (January 31, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol12iss29.2019pp51-62p.

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El objetivo de esta investigación fue la reducción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable por medio del uso de zeolita natural, zeolita activada y la comparación con la eficiencia de la adsorción del carbón activado. Se utilizó agua suministrada por la compañía AGUAPEN E.P. y materiales adsorbentes zeolita natural, zeolita activada y carbón activado. La zeolita se activó térmicamente a 600ªC. Se realizaron pruebas en columnas de adsorción a escala (RSSCT – Rapid Small-Scale Column Test) para carbón activado granular (GAC) de acuerdo a la norma ASTM 6586 para determinar la eficiencia de la adsorción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable. Se determinó la eficiencia en base al parámetro de carbono orgánico total en muestras simple del afluente y efluente del agua tratada cada 3 horas durante 24 horas. El incremento de la presión de trabajo evidencia el punto de ruptura o colmatación del adsorbente. La concentración del Carbón Orgánico Total (COT) se determinó mediante el análisis de la combustión de la muestra con el detector infrarrojo no dispersivo de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Los resultados mostraron reducción de materia orgánica con el uso de zeolita natural y zeolita activada, con respecto al carbón activado.AbstractThe objective of this research was the reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through the use of natural and activated zeolite, and the comparison with the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Water supplied by the company AGUAPEN E.P. was used, and adsorbent materials as natural zeolite, activated zeolite and activated carbon were utilized. The zeolite was thermally activated at 600 ° C. Tests were performed on scale adsorption columns (RSSCT - Rapid Small Scale Column Test) for Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) according to ASTM 6586 to determine the efficiency of the adsorption of traces of organic matter in drinking water. Efficiency was determined based on the total organic carbon parameter in simple affluent and effluent samples of treated water every 3 hours during 24 hours. The increase in working pressure shows the point of rupture or clogging of the adsorbent. The concentration of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was determined by analyzing the sample combustion with a non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) detector. The results showed the reduction of organic matter in natural zeolite and activated zeolite compared to activated carbon.

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Jansson, Mats, Ann-Kristin Bergström, Peter Blomqvist, Anneli Isaksson, and Anders Jonsson. "Impact of allochthonous organic carbon on microbial food web carbon dynamics and structure in Lake Örträsket." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 144, no. 4 (March 24, 1999): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/144/1999/409.

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Salazar, María Paz, Rafael Villarreal, Luis Alberto Lozano, María Florencia Otero, Nicolás Guillermo Polich, Guido Lautaro Bellora, and Carlos Germán Soracco. "Soil organic carbon." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 119, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 053. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16699513e053.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important factor for soil quality diagnosis. Physical and chemical fractionation of SOC are useful to characterize SOC, because some fractions are more sensitive indicators of the effects of different management practices. The aims of this study were (i) to determine values of SOC and different fractions of SOC at different depths and positions in an Argiudoll of the Argentinian Pampas under NT, and (ii) to determine the relation between physical and chemical fractions of SOC. In an experimental plot located in Chascomús, we determined SOC content, humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), humins, coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (POCc and POCf) and mineral associated organic carbon (MOC), at different depths and in the row and inter-row. The content of SOC and different SOC fractions, as well as the contribution of each fraction to SOC showed a vertical variation. The contribution of HA and POCc (newer and more labile fractions) to SOC was larger in the surface than in deeper layers, while humins’ (older and more recalcitrant fraction) contribution to SOC increased with depth, and the contribution of FA, POCf and MOC to SOC remained relatively constant. There was no effect of row and inter-row in SOC content and composition. FA content was correlated to POCc, HA content to POCc and POCf and humins to MOC.

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9

Deuser, W. G. "Whither organic carbon?" Nature 332, no. 6163 (March 1988): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332396a0.

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Hábová, Magdalena, Lubica Pospíšilová, Petr Hlavinka, Miroslav Trnka, Gabriela Barančíková, Zuzana Tarasovičová, Jozef Takáč, Štefan Koco, Ladislav Menšík, and Pavel Nerušil. "Carbon pool in soil under organic and conventional farming systems." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (May 27, 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2018-swr.

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Changes in the agricultural management and climatic changes within the past 25 years have had a serious impact on soil organic matter content and contribute to different carbon storage in the soil. Prediction of soil carbon pool, validation, and quantification of different models is important for sustainable agriculture in the future and for this purpose a long-term monitoring data set is required. RothC-26.3 model was applied for carbon stock simulation within two different climatic scenarios (hot-dry with rapid temperature increasing and warm-dry with less rapid temperature increasing). Ten years experimental data set have been received from conventional and organic farming of experimental plots of Mendel University School Enterprise (locality Vatín, Czech-Moravian Highland). Average annual temperature in this area is 6.9°C, average annual precipitation 621 mm, and altitude 530 m above sea level. Soil was classified as Eutric Cambisol, sandy loam textured, with middle organic carbon content. Its cumulative potential was assessed as high. Results showed linear correlation between carbon stock and climatic scenario, and mostly temperature and type of soil management has influenced carbon stock. In spite of lower organic carbon inputs under organic farming this was less depending on climatic changes. Conventional farming showed higher carbon stock during decades 2000–2100 because of higher carbon input. Besides conventional farming was more affected by temperature.

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Wang, Qiuju, Xin Liu, Jingyang Li, Xiaoyu Yang, and Zhenhua Guo. "Straw application and soil organic carbon change: A meta-analysis." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 2 (April 9, 2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/155/2020-swr.

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Straw return is considered an effective way to improve the soil organic carbon (SOC) content of farmland. Most studies have suggested that a straw application increases the SOC content; however, some suggest that a straw application reduces the SOC content when used in combination with mineral fertilisation. Therefore, a meta-analysis of the effect of a straw application on the SOC change is needed. This study comprises a meta-analysis of 115 observations from 65 research articles worldwide. Straw applications can significantly increase the proportion of the SOC in the soil. Straw applications caused a significant microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increase in tropical and warm climatic zones. The MBC increase was higher than the SOC increase. For agriculture, the most important soil functions are the maintenance of the crop productivity, the nutrient and water transformation, the biological flora and activity, and the maintenance of the microbial abundance and activity. These functions should be prioritised in order to maintain the SOC function and services. Straw applications should not be excessive, especially when combined with mineral fertilisation, in order to avoid the loss of carbon from the straw in the form of greenhouse gases. A large amount of unused fertiliser also leads to a series of environmental problems.

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Kamal, Khaliesah. "Structural Characterization of Magnesium-based Metal-organic Framework Carbon Composites." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (February 12, 2020): 2427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200540.

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Escobar, Isabel C., and Andrew A. Randall. "Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC):." Water Research 35, no. 18 (December 2001): 4444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00173-7.

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Jiang, Wenjia, Aqarab Husnain Gondal, Haroon Shahzad, Muhammad Iqbal, Mary Amelia Cardenas Bustamante, Rafael Julian Malpartida Yapias, Ruggerths Neil De La Cruz Marcos, et al. "Amelioration of Organic Carbon and Physical Health of Structurally Disturbed Soil through Microbe–Manure Amalgam." Processes 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081506.

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Less precipitation, high temperature, and minimal natural vegetation are characteristic of regions having an arid climate. The harsh environment massively destructs the soil structure of that area by burning soil organic carbon, leading to deteriorated soil nutritional quality, creating a significant threat to agricultural production and food security. Direct application of organic wastes not only substitutes lost organic carbon but also restores soil structure and fertility. This study was conducted to assess the impact of organic amendments, i.e., farm manure (FM), poultry manure (PM), molasses (MO), and Exo-Poly Saccharides (EPS) producing rhizobacterial strains i.e., M2, M19, M22 amalgams as treatments. To assess the impact of treatments on soil carbon and structure restoration to hold more water and nutrients, a 42-day incubation experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) under the two-factor factorial arrangement was conducted. Macro aggregation (0.25 to >1 mm), carbon retention in macro aggregates, active carbon (dissolved organic carbon, a mineral-associated organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon), total organic carbon, the carbon mineralization activities, and water retention capacities were observed to be highest in soils that were treated with (FM + M2, FM + M22, PM + M19, and MO + M19). Finally, we conclude that organics mineralization by microbial actions releases organic glues that not only impart particle aggregation but also conserve organics as aggregate entrapped carbon. Amalgamated application of microbe–manure combinations directly impacts soil structure and organic carbon contents, but in an indirect scenario, it improves the fertility and productivity of the soil. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to use organic manures and microbes in combination to restore structurally degraded lands.

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Harahap, Yulia Fitri. "Analisis Kehilangan Karbon Organik Tanah pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Deli (DAS) Deli Provinsi Sumatera Utara." Tunas Geografi 8, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v8i1.13481.

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AbstractThis study aims to (1) Analyze the relationship between surface runoff and soil organic carbon loss in the Deli River Basin. (2) Determine the amount of soil organic carbon loss in the Deli DAS for a year. Observation and measurement techniques conducted this research at the sample point, namely at the Deli Watershed outlet, namely by taking water samples per water level and documentation techniques to collect secondary data related to the study area. Data analysis techniques used include qualitative data analysis techniques and qualitative analysis which provides for analysis of laboratory data for water sample testing to see organic carbon content per water level, statistical data analysis to analyze the influence and relationship of surface flow with water level in the Flow Area Deli River and calculate the total soil organic carbon loss in the Deli River Basin, and descriptive data analysis to describe soil organic carbon loss in the Deli River Basin. The results showed (1) there was an influence between surface runoff and soil organic carbon loss with a positive linear relationship where an increase would follow any increase in surface runoff in soil organic carbon loss, (2) soil organic carbon loss in the Deli River Basin was 6.04 tons/ha/ year.Keywords: watershed, Soil Organic Carbon, High Water LevelAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis hubungan aliran permukaan dengan kehilangan karbon organik tanah di DAS Deli. (2) Mengetahui jumlah kehilangan karbon organik tanah di DAS Deli selama setahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dan pengukuran pada titik sampel yaitu di outlet Daerah Aliran Sungai Deli yaitu dengan mengambil sampel air per tinggi muka air dan teknik dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan daerah penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan antara lain teknik analisis data kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif yang meliputi analisis data laboratorium untuk uji sampel air untuk melihat kadar karbon organik per tinggi muka air, analisis data statistik untuk menganalisis pengaruh dan hubungan aliran permukaan dengan tinggi muka air di Daerah Aliran Sungai Deli serta menghitung total kehilangan karbon organik tanah di Daerah Aliran Sungai Deli, dan analisis data deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan kehilangan karbon organik tanah di Daerah Aliran Sungai Deli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) terdapat pengaruh antara aliran permukaan dengan kehilangan karbon organik tanah dengan hubungan linier positif dimana setiap terjadinya peningkatan aliran permukaan akan diikuti dengan peningkatan kehilangan karbon organik tanah, (2) kehilangan karbon organik tanah di Daerah Aliran Sungai Deli adalah sebesar 6,04 ton/ha/tahun.Kata Kunci: DAS, Karbon Organik Tanah, Tinggi Muka Air

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Yasui, H., and Y. Miyaji. "A Novel Approach to Removing Refractory Organic Compounds in Drinking Water." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1992): 1503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0594.

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A basic study has been conducted on the treatment of refractory organics in river water in order to produce safe drinking water. Through ozonation of refractory organics, assimilable carboxylic acids are produced with a slight decrease in total organic carbon(TOC) concentration. The amount of newly formed assimilable organic carbon corresponds to nearly 35% of the initial TOC in sample water. Re-ozonation after biological treatment of the formed assimilable organics makes it possible to reduce TOC to a much lower level by transforming the residual refractory organic carbon to an assimilable one. The repeated treatment of ozonation-biodegradation processes can minimize TOC and trihalomethane formation potential to below the detectable level with a minimum of ozone consumption.

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Yang, Mingxi, and Zoë L. Fleming. "Estimation of atmospheric total organic carbon (TOC) – paving the path towards carbon budget closure." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-459-2019.

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Abstract. The atmosphere contains a rich variety of reactive organic compounds, including gaseous volatile organic carbon (VOCs), carbonaceous aerosols, and other organic compounds at varying volatility. Here we present a novel and simple approach to measure atmospheric non-methane total organic carbon (TOC) based on catalytic oxidation of organics in bulk air to carbon dioxide. This method shows little sensitivity towards humidity and near 100 % oxidation efficiencies for all VOCs tested. We estimate a best-case hourly precision of 8 ppb C during times of low ambient variability in carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide (CO). As proof of concept of this approach, we show measurements of TOC+CO during August–September 2016 from a coastal city in the southwest United Kingdom. TOC+CO was substantially elevated during the day on weekdays (occasionally over 2 ppm C) as a result of local anthropogenic activity. On weekends and holidays, with a mean (standard error) of 102 (8) ppb C, TOC+CO was lower and showed much less diurnal variability. TOC+CO was significantly lower when winds were coming off the Atlantic Ocean than when winds were coming off land if we exclude the weekday daytime. By subtracting the estimated CO from TOC+CO, we constrain the mean (uncertainty) TOC in Atlantic-dominated air masses to be around 23 (±≥8) ppb C during this period. A proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was deployed at the same time, detecting a large range of organic compounds (oxygenated VOCs, biogenic VOCs, aromatics, dimethyl sulfide). The total speciated VOCs from the PTR-MS, denoted here as Sum(VOC), amounted to a mean (uncertainty) of 12 (±≤3) ppb C in marine air. Possible contributions from a number of known organic compounds present in marine air that were not detected by the PTR-MS are assessed within the context of the TOC budget. Finally, we note that the use of a short, heated sample tube can improve the transmission of organics to the analyzer, while operating our system alternately with and without a particle filter should enable a better separation of semi-volatile and particulate organics from the VOCs within the TOC budget. Future concurrent measurements of TOC, CO, and a more comprehensive range of speciated VOCs would enable a better characterization and understanding of the atmospheric organic carbon budget.

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Kim, Hyun-Chul, and Seong Huh. "Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Directly Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184215.

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Numerously different porous carbons have been prepared and used in a wide range of practical applications. Porous carbons are also ideal electrode materials for efficient energy storage devices due to their large surface areas, capacious pore spaces, and superior chemical stability compared to other porous materials. Not only the electrical double-layer capacitance (EDLC)-based charge storage but also the pseudocapacitance driven by various dopants in the carbon matrix plays a significant role in enhancing the electrochemical supercapacitive performance of porous carbons. Since the electrochemical capacitive activities are primarily based on EDLC and further enhanced by pseudocapacitance, high-surface carbons are desirable for these applications. The porosity of carbons plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance as well. We have recently witnessed that metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could be very effective self-sacrificing templates, or precursors, for new high-surface carbons for supercapacitors, or ultracapacitors. Many MOFs can be self-sacrificing precursors for carbonaceous porous materials in a simple yet effective direct carbonization to produce porous carbons. The constituent metal ions can be either completely removed during the carbonization or transformed into valuable redox-active centers for additional faradaic reactions to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon electrodes. Some heteroatoms of the bridging ligands and solvate molecules can be easily incorporated into carbon matrices to generate heteroatom-doped carbons with pseudocapacitive behavior and good surface wettability. We categorized these MOF-derived porous carbons into three main types: (i) pure and heteroatom-doped carbons, (ii) metallic nanoparticle-containing carbons, and (iii) carbon-based composites with other carbon-based materials or redox-active metal species. Based on these cases summarized in this review, new MOF-derived porous carbons with much enhanced capacitive performance and stability will be envisioned.

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Robarts, Richard D., and Peter J. Ashton. "Dissolved organic carbon and microbial activity in a hypertrophic African reservoir." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 113, no. 4 (November 7, 1988): 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/113/1988/519.

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Zhao, Tiejun, Kenshi Sakai, Tatsuya Higashi, and Masakazu Komatsuzaki. "Assessing Soil Organic Carbon Using Portable Hyper-spectral Camera in Andisols." Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 01, no. 04 (December 30, 2012): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2012.010407.

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Möhler, Ottmar, Claudia Linke, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Robert Wagner, Alexander Mangold, Martina Krämer, and Ulrich Schurath. "Ice nucleation on flame soot aerosol of different organic carbon content." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 14, no. 4 (September 15, 2005): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0055.

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Yuen, Pong Kau, and Cheng Man Diana Lau. "Using the Carbon-Atom Method to Determine Mean Oxidation Number of Organic Carbons." International Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 2 (August 8, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v15n2p13.

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The notion of oxidation number acting as an electron-counting concept is crucial for balancing redox reactions, and for understanding organic and biological redox conversions. Chemical formula methods are widely used for counting oxidation numbers. There are three types of chemical formula methods. They are molecular formula method, structural formula method, and Lewis formula method. Each type has its own rules and procedures, and they are difficult for students to fully understand and remember. In addition, the capability of the molecular formula method to assign mean oxidation number of organic carbons for organic molecules or molecular ions is limited. To overcome these drawbacks, this article explores a new half reaction approach, the carbon-atom method, which can count the mean oxidation number of organic carbons for both organic and bioorganic compounds. The quantitative relationships among the number of transferred electrons, change in oxidation numbers of organic carbons, and mean oxidation number of organic carbons can also be established by balancing half organic reactions. Furthermore, the mean oxidation number of organic carbons for any given organic or bioorganic compounds with known structural formulas can be determined by using the carbon-atom method and the fragmentation operation.

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Harris, P. J. F. "Non-Graphitizing Carbon: Its Structure and Formation from Organic Precursors." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj863.

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Non-graphitizing carbon, or char, has been intensively studied for decades, but there is still no agreement about its detailed atomic structure. The first models for graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons were proposed by Rosalind Franklin in the early 1950s, and while these are correct in a broad sense, they are incomplete. Subsequent models also fail to explain fully the structure of non-graphitizing carbons. The discovery of the fullerenes and related structures stimulated the present author and others to put forward models which incorporate non-hexagonal rings into hexagonally-bonded sp2 carbon networks, creating a microporous structure made up of highly curved fragments. However, this model has not been universally accepted. This paper reviews the models that have been put forward for non-graphitizing carbon and outlines the evidence for a fullerene-like structure. This evidence comes from transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the influence of precursor chemistry on the structure of graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons is discussed. It is well established that carbonization of oxygen–containing precursors tends to produce non-graphitizing carbons. This may be explained by the fact that the removal of oxygen from a hexagonal carbon network can result in the formation of pentagonal carbon rings.

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Shibata, M., K. Nakamura, and Y. Miyaji. "Biological Decomposition of Trace Organic Compounds." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1987): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0222.

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Biological decomposition of trace organic compounds was investigated to apply to the reclamation system of the rinse water recovered from semiconductor manufacturing processes. First, growth characteristics of microorganisms grown at low concentrations of organics were examined and extremely low saturation constants for acetate and methanol were obtained. Based on the growth characteristics, a biological fluidized bed reactor was operated to remove low concentrations of organics in a laboratory scale. One milligram per liter of acetate carbon was degraded to less than 10µg/l carbon with 10 minutes of hydraulic retention time. Low concentrations of methanol and isopropanol, which are main organics contained in the recovered rinse water, were also decomposed effectively. For a full scale operation, a pilot study was also carried out to examine treatability and stability of a fluidized bed reactor. Effluent organic concentrations decreased gradually and had been stable below 5µg/l carbon during 5 month operation.

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Zhengzhong, Jin, Wang Yingju, and Lei Jiaqiang. "Influence of plantation of a shelter-belt on component of organic carbon in the Taklimakan desert over last decade." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 04041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185304041.

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The soils were collected from the Taklimakan Desert Highway shelter-belt with different planting years in Xinjiang, northwest of China. The soil organic carbon stork (SOCstork) in each layers. By chemical and physical pretreatment, we measured four carbon passive organic carbons, i.e., microaggregates organic carbon(OCMIA), humus organic carbon (OCHS), carbon resistance to oxidation (OCNaClO) and acid hydrolysis (OCHCl). The results showed that the OC and SOCstork was decreased with soil depth mainly in 0-50 cm. The artificial vegetation have more influence on TOC, OCMIA and OCHS than OCNaClO and OCHCl. The Tamarix chinensis shelter-belt is the most helpful for carbon sequestration in sandy soil and stabilization in surface layer than Calligonum mongolicunl and Haloxylon ammodendron.

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Yeboah, S., R. Zhang, L. Cai, L. Li, J. Xie, Z. Luo, J. Liu, and J. Wu. "Tillage effect on soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and crop yield in spring wheat-field pea rotation." Plant, Soil and Environment 62, No. 6 (June 24, 2016): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/66/2016-pse.

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Kumari, Radha Karuna, and P. M. Mohan. "Review on Dissolved Organic Carbon and Particulate Organic Carbon in Marine Environment." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 23, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.23.1.25-36.

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Quantification the Dissolved and Particulate organic carbon in marine waters is an essential step towards ecosystem modeling and understanding carbon sequestration processes. A detailed view of estimated and recorded carbon concentration from Arctic to Antarctic is the prime goal of this review. This review compiles some of the important research work carried out in quantifying the organic carbon available in off shore and open waters and in coral reef environment. The cited literatures were collected, grouped and carefully analyzed to give a comprehensive view on current status of marine environment with regard to distribution of dissolved and particulate organic carbon. Keywords: DOC, POC, continental shelf waters, open sea waters, coral reef environment.

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Kwon, Eunkwang, Soohyung Park, and Wontae Lee. "Comparison of Coal-, Coconut-, and Wood-Based Activated Carbons for Removal of Organic Matters in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.4.257.

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Objectives : This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic materials by coal-, coconut-, and wood-based activated carbons to assess the addition of an activated carbon process to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW).Methods : We assessed the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) by each process in the POTW, and examined the removal of TOC and UVA254 upon adding different amounts of coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) with various contact time (10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min).Results and Discussion : Approximately 80% of TOC was removed throughout the POTW compared to the influent. The activated carbon adsorption tests of coagulated wastewater revealed that the removal rate of TOC and UVA254 from coal-based activated carbon was higher than those of coconut-based and wood-based activated carbons. The removal rate of dissolved organic materials was highest in ozone treated wastewater in all types of activated carbons, followed by ultraviolet disinfected wastewater and coagulated wastewater.Conclusions : It was possible to remove an additional 35-55% of dissolved organic materials upon addition of activated carbon to the treated wastewater although the removal depends on the material of the activated carbon, the injection amount, and the contact time. If an activated carbon process is adopted to the POTW, it can meet the effluent water quality standards (TOC).

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Karabcová, H., L. Pospíšilová, K. Fiala, P. Škarpa, and M. Bjelková. "Effect of organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon and risk trace elements content in soil under permanent grassland." Soil and Water Research 10, No. 4 (June 2, 2016): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5/2015-swr.

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Head, Ian, Paul Farrimond, and Steve Larter. "Organic carbon in sediments." Nature 373, no. 6512 (January 1995): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373293b0.

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Hartgers, Walter A., Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Jan W. de Leeuw, J. Allan, A. G. Requejo, and J. M. Hayes. "Organic carbon in sediments." Nature 373, no. 6512 (January 1995): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373293c0.

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Isaeva, Vera I., Marina D. Vedenyapina, Alexandra Yu Kurmysheva, Dirk Weichgrebe, Rahul Ramesh Nair, Ngoc Phuong Thanh Nguyen, and Leonid M. Kustov. "Modern Carbon–Based Materials for Adsorptive Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water and Wastewater." Molecules 26, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 6628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216628.

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Currently, a serious threat for living organisms and human life in particular, is water contamination with persistent organic and inorganic pollutants. To date, several techniques have been adopted to remove/treat organics and toxic contaminants. Adsorption is one of the most effective and economical methods for this purpose. Generally, porous materials are considered as appropriate adsorbents for water purification. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbons have a limited possibility of surface modification (texture and functionality), and their adsorption capacity is difficult to control. Therefore, despite the significant progress achieved in the development of the systems for water remediation, there is still a need for novel adsorptive materials with tunable functional characteristics. This review addresses the new trends in the development of new adsorbent materials. Herein, modern carbon-based materials, such as graphene, oxidized carbon, carbon nanotubes, biomass-derived carbonaceous matrices—biochars as well as their composites with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived highly-ordered carbons are considered as advanced adsorbents for removal of hazardous organics from drinking water, process water, and leachate. The review is focused on the preparation and modification of these next-generation carbon-based adsorbents and analysis of their adsorption performance including possible adsorption mechanisms. Simultaneously, some weak points of modern carbon-based adsorbents are analyzed as well as the routes to conquer them. For instance, for removal of large quantities of pollutants, the combination of adsorption and other methods, like sedimentation may be recommended. A number of efficient strategies for further enhancing the adsorption performance of the carbon-based adsorbents, in particular, integrating approaches and further rational functionalization, including composing these adsorbents (of two or even three types) can be recommended. The cost reduction and efficient regeneration must also be in the focus of future research endeavors. The targeted optimization of the discussed carbon-based adsorbents associated with detailed studies of the adsorption process, especially, for multicomponent adsorbate solution, will pave a bright avenue for efficient water remediation.

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Yu, X. Y., R. A. Cary, and N. S. Laulainen. "Primary and secondary organic carbon downwind of Mexico City." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2009): 541–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-541-2009.

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Abstract. In order to study particulate matter transport and transformation in the Megacity environment, fine particulate carbons were measured simultaneously at two supersites, suburban T1 and rural T2, downwind of Mexico City during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and total carbon (TC=OC+EC) were determined in near real-time using a Sunset semi-continuous OC/EC field analyzer. The semi-empirical EC tracer method was used to derive primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC). Diurnal variations of primary and secondary carbons were observed at T1 and T2, which resulted from boundary layer inversion and impacted by local traffic patterns. The majority of organic carbon particles at T1 and T2 were secondary. The SOC% (SOC%=SOC/TC×100%) at T1 ranged from 1.2–100% with an average of 80.7±14.4%. The SOC% at T2 ranged from 12.8–100% with an average of 80.1±14.0%. The average EC to PM2.5 percentage (ECPM%=EC/PM2.5×100%) and OCPM% were 6.0% and 20.0% over the whole sampling time at T1. The POC to PM percentage (POCPM%) and SOCPM% were 3.7% and 16.3%, respectively at the same site. The maximum ECPM% was 21.2%, and the maximum OCPM% was 57.2% at T1. The maximum POCPM% was 12.9%, and the maximum SOCPM% was 49.7% at the suburban site. Comparison of SOC and POC at T1 and T2 showed similar characteristics under favorable meteorological conditions, which indicated that transport between the two supersites took place. Strong correlations between EC and carbon monoxide (CO) and odd nitrogen species (NO and NOx) were observed at T1. This indicated that EC had nearby sources, such as local traffic emissions. The EC/CO ratio derived by linear regression analysis, when parameters in μg C/m3 and μg/m3, respectively, was 0.0045 at T1. Correlations were also seen between OC and SOC vs. the sum of oxidants, such as O3 and NO2, suggesting the secondary nature of carbons observed at T1.

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Przelaskowska, Anna, Urszula Zagórska, Maja Mroczkowska-Szerszeń, and Konrad Ziemianin. "Szacowanie ilości materii organicznej na podstawie zawartości pierwiastków śladowych." Nafta-Gaz 77, no. 4 (April 2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2021.04.01.

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Many trace elements are associated with organic matter. The total organic carbon (TOC) content can be thus calculated basing on the chemical composition measurements. The aim of the presented paper was to evaluate the possibility of estimating the organic matter amount on the basis of trace elements such as: Ni, Cu, Mo, U, V, Zn, Cr, Sr, Pb and Co, for Silurian black shales. Correlations between individual elements and total organic carbon were analysed. Next, mathematical models allowing to calculate the amount of organic matter based on the content of elements significantly related to TOC were constructed. Both more accurate chemical composition analyses (ICP-MS mass spectrometry method) and measurements of lower detectability performed with portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer EDXRF were used. The relationships between the content of trace elements and the total organic carbon content TOC were found for such elements as: V, Cu, U, Ni, Mo, Cr (ICP-MS) and V, Cu , Cr and Ni (XRF). Mathematical models allowing for TOC quantification based on trace elements, characterized by determination coefficients R2 from 0.84 to 0.92 (for ICP MS method) and from 0.75 to 0.78 (for XRF method) were obtained with the use of the multiple regression method. The mathematical models allow to calculate the content of organic matter TOC for Silurian black shales on the basis of trace element data obtained by both mass spectrometry ICP-MS and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry EDXRF. The possibility of using measurements made with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is particularly important. Such measurements are fast and can be carried out on cuttings during the drilling process. Models based on XRF results therefore allow for quick modelling of the TOC content during the drilling process.

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Syahrir, La, LM Yasir Haya, LD Kadidae, Yusnaini Yusnaini, Wa Iba, Saban Rahim, LD Abdul Fajar, and Kangkuso Analuddin. "Analyses of the inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics by mangroves’s litterfall in the coastal area of Tinanggea, South Konawe Regency." JSIPi (Jurnal Sains dan Inovasi Perikanan) (Journal of Fishery Science and Innovation) 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jsipi.v6i1.16176.

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This study aimed to elucidate the inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics by mangrove of Tinanggea, Southeast Sulawesi. The contents of carbon and nitrogen organics in mangrove litters were determined from twice monthly of litterfall collection at the Biology Laboratory of FMIPA, UHO. The inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics by mangroves were calculated based on the monthly litterfall production of mangroves in each stasiun. The input of carbon and nitrogen organics from mangrove litter ranges from 11,72 to 14,30 ton/ha/year for carbon, and ranges from 0,007 to 0,16 ton/ha/year for nitrogen, while they were higher at station T5 and the lower on the T2 station. The mangrove exports organic carbon ranging from 3,52 to 4,29 ton/ha/year, while its organic nitrogen export ranges from 0,07-0,16 ton/ha/year. This study results realized that the inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics are very dynamic in the mangrove ecosystem that indicated their important role on maintaining the productivity of the coastal environment in the Tinanggea and its surrounding areas.

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Fang, Hua, De Fu Xu, Xiao Ru Fu, Yuan Wang, and Ji Lai Lu. "Molecular Weight Distribution of Organics in Raw and Treated Water." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2731.

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Levels of organic matters in raw water from Huangpu River and treated water from different processes have been investigated. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) have been determined on ultrafiltrate (UF) (MW cut-off of 1K and 10K Daltons) samples. The organics in raw water are majority of lower MW (<1K Daltons) fractions. The conventional treatment processes are effective in removing higher MW (>10K Daltons) organics, while granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption can reduce organics with lower MW significantly. The lower MW fractions correspond to 60%~70% of the AOC in raw and treated waters, and much higher than other MW fractions. This indicates that the AOC is mainly related to organics with lower MW. In order to decrease AOC level to achieve biostability in drinking water, the processes which can reduce lower MW organics effectively must be employed.

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Jung, J., and K. Kawamura. "Springtime carbon episodes at Gosan background site revealed by total carbon, stable carbon isotopic composition, and thermal characteristics of carbonaceous particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (May 6, 2011): 13867–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-13867-2011.

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Abstract. In order to investigate the carbon episodes at Gosan background super-site (33.17° N, 126.10° E) in East Asia during spring of 2007 and 2008, total suspended particles (TSP) were collected and analyzed for particulate organic carbon, elemental carbon, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of TC. The carbon episodes at the Gosan site were categorized as long-range transported anthropogenic pollutant (LTP) from Asian continent, Asian dust (AD) accompanying with LTP, and local pollen episodes. The stable carbon isotopic composition of TC (δ13CTC) was found to be lowest during the pollen episodes (range: −26.2 ‰ to −23.5 ‰, avg.: −25.2 ± 0.9 ‰), followed by the LTP episodes (range: −23.5 ‰ to −23.0 ‰, avg.: −23.3 ± 0.3 ‰) and the AD episodes (range: −23.3 to −20.4 %, avg.: −21.8 ± 2.0 ‰). The δ13CTC of the airborne pollens (−28.0 ‰) collected at the Gosan site showed value similar to that of tangerine fruit (−28.1 ‰) produced from Jeju Island. Based on the carbon isotope mass balance equation and the TN and TC regression approach, we found that ∼40–45 % of TC in the TSP samples during the pollen episodes was attributed to airborne pollens from Japanese cedar trees planted around tangerine farms in Jeju Island. The δ13C of citric acid in the airborne pollens (−26.3 ‰) collected at the Gosan site was similar to that in tangerine fruit (−27.4 ‰). The negative correlation between the citric acid-carbon/TC ratios and δ13CTC were obtained during the pollen episodes. These results suggest that citric acid emitted from tangerine fruit may be adsorbed on the airborne pollens and then transported to the Gosan site. Based on the thermal evolution pattern of organic aerosols during the carbon episodes, we found that organic aerosols originated from East China are more volatile on heating and are more likely to form pyrolized organic carbon than the pollen-enriched organic aerosols and organic aerosols originated from Northeast China. Since thermal evolution patterns of organic aerosols are highly influenced by their molecular weight, they can be used as additional information on the formation of secondary organic aerosols during the long-range atmospheric transport and the source regions of organics.

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Yong, Raymond N., and Diana Mourato. "Extraction and characterization of organics from two Champlain Sea subsurface soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-066.

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The focus of this investigation is to establish whether organic materials are present in subsurface soils in measurable and significant quantities. Two subsurface soils from the Champlain Sea region were chosen for study. Organic carbon concentrations of 0.5% as total organic carbon (TOC) were detected in the soils studied at depths up to 14.2 m. The extraction and subsequent analyses of organic compounds permitted one to classify these as humic acids, fulvic acids, humins, and nonhumic materials. Extraction of these subsurface soil organics was achieved using a modified HCl–NaOH extraction method. The extracted organics were analyzed for TOC to confirm their organic nature as well as for study of their surface chemistry. The compositional and structural characteristics of the extracts were investigated using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Key words: subsurface soil organics, humic materials, nonhumic organics, organics extraction, Champlain Sea clays.

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Kadlec, V., O. Holubík, E. Procházková, J. Urbanová, and M. Tippl. "Soil organic carbon dynamics and its influence on the soil erodibility factor." Soil and Water Research 7, No. 3 (July 10, 2012): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2012-swr.

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The effect of erosion and erosion control measures on changes in the amount of organic matter in soil was studied. We investigated the influence of organic matter inputs into the soil on surface runoff, soil erosion and soil erodibility (K-factor), including the monitoring of carbon dynamics, as a result of torrential rains. The research was conducted on experimental plots in Třebsín site. Erosion leads to soil carbon loss and subsequently to increasing concentrations of carbon in sediments (enrichment ratio). We can conclude from the results that the input of organic matter into the soil (especially farmyard manure) significantly contributes to a decrease in surface runoff and soil loss and also to a reduction of carbon leaching into sediments; so it contributes to carbon sequestration into the soil.

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Duan, Xun, Zhe Li, Yuhong Li, Hongzhao Yuan, Wei Gao, Xiangbi Chen, Tida Ge, Jinshui Wu, and Zhenke Zhu. "Iron–organic carbon associations stimulate carbon accumulation in paddy soils by decreasing soil organic carbon priming." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 179 (April 2023): 108972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.108972.

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Chihara, Kazuyuki, Kanji Oomori, Takao Oono, and Yosuke Mochizuki. "Supercritical CO2 regeneration of activated carbon loaded with organic adsorbates." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 7 (April 1, 1997): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0285.

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Supercritical CO2 regeneration is one of the possibilities for spent carbon regeneration loaded with some organics. Here, adsorption equilibrium and adsorption dynamics were evaluated for some typical organic pollutants under some supercritical CO2 conditions. A supercritical CO2 chromatograph packed with activated carbon (F-400, CAL) was used to detect the pulse responses of organics, which were analyzed by moment analysis. Adsorption equilibrium constants of some organics varied with CO2 density and their boiling points. Possibility of regeneration of each substance was discussed. Cost estimation was necessary and was the key point of this technique.

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De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, and Eleonora Ammannito. "Organic Matter and Associated Minerals on the Dwarf Planet Ceres." Minerals 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080799.

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Ceres is the largest object in the main belt and it is also the most water-rich body in the inner solar system besides the Earth. The discoveries made by the Dawn Mission revealed that the composition of Ceres includes organic material, with a component of carbon globally present and also a high quantity of localized aliphatic organics in specific areas. The inferred mineralogy of Ceres indicates the long-term activity of a large body of liquid water that produced the alteration minerals discovered on its surface, including ammonia-bearing minerals. To explain the presence of ammonium in the phyllosilicates, Ceres must have accreted organic matter, ammonia, water and carbon present in the protoplanetary formation region. It is conceivable that Ceres may have also processed and transformed its own original organic matter that could have been modified by the pervasive hydrothermal alteration. The coexistence of phyllosilicates, magnetite, carbonates, salts, organics and a high carbon content point to rock–water alteration playing an important role in promoting widespread carbon occurrence.

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Heikkinen, Kaisa. "Organic carbon transport in an undisturbed boreal humic river in northern Finland." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 117, no. 1 (November 20, 1989): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/117/1989/1.

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Gonet, S. S., and B. Debska. "Dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen in soil under different fertilization treatments." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 2 (November 15, 2011): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3346-pse.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of long-term fertilization of a sandy soil with differentiated doses of cattle slurry as well as its after-effect action on the possibilities of migration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt) down to deeper layers of the soil profile. DOC and DNt were extracted with borate buffer and 0.004M CaCl2 solution. Evaluation of effects of cattle slurry on the content of DOC and DNt was done in comparison with mineral fertilization. It was shown that the use of cattle slurry in the doses of 100 and 200 m3/ha caused a significant increase of labile organic matter in the 0–25 and 25–50 cm layers of soil. As compared with mineral fertilization the application of slurry increased also the amounts of extracted DNt, but only in the surface layer. The DNt content in the deeper soil horizons did not depend on the kind of fertilization. Concentrations of DOC and DNt in the extracts depended not only on their content in soil but it was also modified substantially by the extractant used.

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Wang, Z. M., B. Zhang, K. S. Song, D. W. Liu, F. Li, Z. X. Guo, and S. M. Zhang. "Soil organic carbon under different landscape attributes in croplands of Northeast China." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 10 (October 24, 2008): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/402-pse.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured in topsoil samples of agricultural soils from 311 locations of Jiutai County, Northeast China. The spatial characteristics of SOC were studied using the Geographic Information Systems and geostatistics. Effects of other soil physical and chemical properties, elevation, slope, soil type and land use type were explored. SOC concentrations followed a lognormal distribution, with a geometric mean of 1.50%. The experimental variogram of SOC has been fitted with an exponential model. Our results highlighted total nitrogen and pH as the soil properties that have the greatest influence on SOC levels. Upland eroding areas have significantly less SOC than soils in deposition areas. Results showed that, soil type had a significant relationship with SOC, reflecting the effect of soil parent materials. Soil samples from paddy fields and vegetable fields had higher SOC concentrations than those from dry farming land.

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Zhang, Feng, Shuai Li, Chang Qing Liu, Xing Sheng Kang, and Yan Li. "The Component and Characteristic Analysis of Organic Matters in Inflow Water of one Wastewater Treatment Plant in Qingdao." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2886.

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The concentration of soluble inert organics and the mass distribution of organic matter in inflow wastewater of one wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Qingdao city in China were studied in this paper. The results showed that the concentration of soluble inert organics in the influent which cannot be degraded by microbe was about 20 mg/L, accounts for 2%～5% of all dissolved organic matter. The small organic molecules (<1 ku) took up the largest proportion of all organics in influent, which was about 40% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Moreover, the residual organic molecules after biological treatment process and coagulation sedimentation process might be transformed into disinfection by-products (DBPs) by chlorination in advanced treatment process, so the combined process of ozone and activated carbon was suggested to be used to remove the small organic molecules in inflow water in this WWTP.

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Jiang, Chao, Xiangbing Qi, and Chao Yang. "Alkylzirconocenes in Organic Synthesis: An Overview." Synthesis 53, no. 06 (February 11, 2021): 1061–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1706146.

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AbstractOrganozirconium chemistry has found extensive applications in organic synthesis since its discovery in the last century. Alkylzirconocenes, which are easily generated by the hydrozirconation of alkenes with the Schwartz reagent, are widely utilized for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation. This short review summarizes the progress to date on the applications alkylzirconocenes in organic synthesis.1 Introduction2 General Methods for Generating Alkylzirconocenes3 Transformations of Alkylzirconocenes by Heteroatoms4 Insertion of Unsaturated Groups into Alkylzirconocenes5 Transmetalations6 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkylzirconocenes7 Photochemistry of Alkylzirconocenes8 Bimetallic Reagents of Zirconium9 Asymmetric Transformations10 Applications of Alkylzirconocenes Generated from the Negishi Reagent11 Conclusions and Outlook

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Xing, Lizhen, Li Ren, Bo Tang, Guangxue Wu, and Yuntao Guan. "Dynamics of Intracellular Polymers in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes under Different Organic Carbon Concentrations." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/761082.

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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) may deteriorate or fail during low organic carbon loading periods. Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) in EBPR were acclimated under both high and low organic carbon conditions, and then dynamics of polymers in typical cycles, anaerobic conditions with excess organic carbons, and endogenous respiration conditions were examined. After long-term acclimation, it was found that organic loading rates did not affect the yield of PAOs and the applied low organic carbon concentrations were advantageous for the enrichment of PAOs. A low influent organic carbon concentration induced a high production of extracellular carbohydrate. During both anaerobic and aerobic endogenous respirations, when glycogen decreased to around 80 ± 10 mg C per gram of volatile suspended solids, PAOs began to utilize polyphosphate significantly. Regressed by the first-order reaction model, glycogen possessed the highest degradation rate and then was followed by polyphosphate, while biomass decay had the lowest degradation rate.

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Lv, H., and Z. Liang. "Dynamics of soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in Robina pseudoacacia forests." Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, ahead (2012): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162012005000030.

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Sakmiana, Andi Fitri, Mohammad Sumiran Paputungan, Widya Kusumaningrum, and Susi Rahmawati. "Estimasi Konsentrasi dan Stok Karbon Organik pada Sedimen Lamun di Desa Selangan, Kalimantan Timur." Journal of Marine Research 12, no. 3 (June 16, 2023): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v12i3.38011.

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Informasi mengenai stok karbon di sedimen ekosistem lamun di Indonesia masih sedikit, khususnya di Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi stok karbon organik pada sedimen lamun yang berada di perairan sekitar Desa Selangan, pesisir Bontang. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan pada bulan September 2021, dengan menggunakan pipa PVC yang berdiameter 7 cm dengan panjang 130 cm. Pengambilan sampel sedimen berjumlah 3 core dimulai dari titik lamun yang berdekatan dengan ekosistem mangrove ke arah laut dengan jarak 50 m antar stasiun. Konsentrasi karbon organik sedimen diukur menggunakan metode loss on ignition (LOI) yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Botani Pusat Riset Oseanografi BRIN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi karbon organik pada lokasi penelitian berkisar 1,70-4,90% dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 2,72 ±0,20 %. Estimasi stok karbon sedimen lamun yang terdapat di perairan sekitar Desa Selangan adalah 210,94 Mg C/ha. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada konsentrasi dan stok karbon organik antar lapisan sedimen. Namun, kedua nilai tersebut cenderung rendah pada lokasi lamun yang berada jauh dari ekosistem mangrove. The available information on sediment organic carbon stock data of the seagrass ecosystem in Indonesia is limited, especially in East Kalimantan. This study aimed to estimate the concentration and stock of organic carbon in seagrass sediment in Selangan, a coastal area of Bontang. Field activities to collect sediment samples were done in September 2021 by using 7-diameter PVC tube core with 130 cm length. Three sediment cores were collected from seagrass adjacent to mangrove ecosystem with 50 m interval between the cores toward the sea. Organic carbon concentration in sediment measured by using loss on ignition method that was performed in Botanical Laboratory of Research Center for Oceanography BRIN. The results showed that the concentration of organic carbon at the study sites ranged from 1.70-4.90% with average at 2.72 ±0.20%. Organic carbon stocks in seagrass sediments in Selangan were estimated at 210.94 Mg C/ha. Both sediment organic carbon concentration and storage values were no significant difference through the layer of sediments. However, both values tend to low in seagrass sediment which were far from mangrove ecosystem.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic carbon'

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