Journal articles: 'Organic carbon binding'

1

Orhan, Ozge Yuksel, and Erdogan Alper. "Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Binding by Promoted Organic Liquids." Chemical Engineering & Technology 38, no. 8 (June 9, 2015): 1485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201400540.

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Brandès, Stéphane, Valentin Quesneau, Osian Fonquernie, Nicolas Desbois, Virginie Blondeau-Patissier, and Claude P. Gros. "Porous organic polymers based on cobalt corroles for carbon monoxide binding." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 31 (2019): 11651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01599j.

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Saleh, Sanaa Rabie, and Ahmed Daham Wiheeb. "Kinetic Study of Carbon Dioxide Reaction with Binding Organic Liquids." TJES Vol26 No.1 2019 26, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.26.1.04.

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Binding organic liquids are a strong base of amidine have been used for CO2 capture. Up to now, there is no known datum on the reaction kinetics of CO2 with 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN). In this paper, Kinetics of reaction between CO2 and DBN/MDEA in 1-Pentanol were performed utilizing the stirred cell reactor with DBN concentration (2 – 2.9 M) and at room temperature. The reaction path was qualified using zwitterion and the termolecular mechanism. From the kinetic datum with DBN concentrations (2 – 2.9 M), it was found that the capturing process happen in a fast reaction system with a second-order reaction kinetics of DBN/MDEA and first order with CO2. In addition, CO2 absorption was achieved using gas – liquid contact system. CO2 absorption rate was (2×10^(-5)-2.8 × 10^(-5) kmol⁄m^2 .sec) at DBN concentration (2 – 2.9 M). Finally, it is known that DBN/MDEA/1-Pentanol/CO2 system is easily switchable and can be used both CO2 capture and for other applications that require rapid change of medium from nonionic to ionic liquid.

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Liu, Yufei, Xiaoxu Fan, Tong Zhang, Xin Sui, and Fuqiang Song. "Effects of atrazine application on soil aggregates, soil organic carbon and glomalin-related soil protein." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 3 (March 1, 2021): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/594/2020-pse.

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Atrazine is still widely used in China. Atrazine residue (1.86–1 100 mg/kg) in the soil has exceeded the allowable limit (1.0 mg/kg), affecting soil structure and soil aggregate composition. To understand the long-term application of atrazine on soil aggregates and the binding agent, four treatments were established in cornfield planted since 1998, including without atrazine applied (AT0), atrazine applied (28% atrazine, 1 200–1 350 mL/ha/year) once a year from 2012 to 2018 (AT6, 167 mg/kg), from 2008 to 2018 (AT10, 127.64 mg/kg) as well as from 2002 to 2018 (AT16, 102 mg/kg) with three replications. Along with the increase of atrazine application time, the mass fraction of soil aggregates > 5 mm and 2–5 mm decreased significantly while the mass fraction of soil aggregates 0.5–2 mm and < 0.5 mm increased gradually, and the change of aggregate binding agents contents were the same as that of aggregates. The contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in the aggregates > 5 mm and 2–5 mm were significantly negatively correlated with the years of atrazine application. Our results show that although atrazine residue in the soil does not increase with the increased yearly application, its concentration is still markedly higher than the permitted limit value and seriously affected the content of SOC and GRSP of aggregates > 2 mm, which can lead to a decrease of soil aggregate stability and soil quality.

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Konduru, Ramakrishna R., Steven N. Liss, and D. Grant Allen. "Recalcitrant Organics Emerging from Biological Treatment of Kraft Mill Effluents." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 737–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.039.

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Abstract Recalcitrant organic matter (ROM) in combined kraft mill effluents is that organic matter remaining in the effluents after primary and secondary treatment. Recalcitrant organic matter comprises of both high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) components and is of interest, since environmental regulators are considering placing limits on final effluent COD and colour. Biologically treated pulp mill effluent was fractionated by ultrafiltration to study the contributions of the high and low molecular weight recalcitrant organics towards final effluent COD and AOX. Batch biodegradation tests were carried out on lab-generated biotreated effluent from lab scale sequencing batch reactors operating at 35, 45, 55 and 60°C, to investigate if the residual recalcitrant fraction could be further degraded. Biodegradation tests involved the optimization of the microbiological medium by the addition of either an alternate carbon source (glucose) or a carbon-nitrogen substrate (yeast extract). Treatment temperatures and nutrient levels were varied and the effect of each of these four factors on the biodegradability of the recalcitrant fractions was studied. The recalcitrant portion was found to be resistant to further biodegradation, even under optimized microbiological conditions. The HMW fraction of the ROM obtained from final biotreated effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill (HMW ROMMill) was studied for its ability to bind other organic model pollutants in an aqueous environment. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was tested for its binding onto the HMW ROMMill, using toxicity as a surrogate parameter for binding, in the Microtox™ test. Equilibrium dialysis studies were carried out to investigate the ability of HMW ROMMill to bind 14C-Benzopyrene (BaP) and 3H-dehydroabietic acid (DHA). Microtox™ studies failed to indicate the binding of PCP onto HMW ROMMill. BaP and DHA however did bind onto HMW ROMMill. BaP binding onto HMW ROMMill was higher than DHA binding, possibly due to its hydrophobicity. Also, increasing the dissolved organic carbon concentration of HMW ROMMill led to a decrease in the partition coefficient values for both BaP and DHA.

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SHAKIR, Safa Waleed, Ahmed Daham WIHEEB, Zainab abdulmajeed KHALAF, and Mohd Roslee OTHMAN. "IMPROVED CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE BY NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES AND BINDING ORGANIC LIQUID." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (December 20, 2020): 688–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.703_periodico36_pgs_688_705.pdf.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has been the most crucial research issue due to the dangerous impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global warming and climate change. In recent decades, a new absorption technology has been used to get rid of carbon dioxide. This procedure is getting tremendous attention being applied to improve CO2 uptake by using nanofluids. However, other studies are needed to enhance the nanofluid absorption/desorption rate and decrease the requirements of energy through the desorption process. This research aimed to study the influence of addition nanoparticles by determining the enhancement factor of the absorption/desorption rate of carbon dioxide. All nanofluids used in this study prepared by adding nanoparticles with ultrasound treatment without surfactants. The influence of adding nanoparticles to the binding organic liquids (BOL) of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ethanol on the absorption/desorption of CO2 was studied experimentally in a stirring reactor. The nanoparticles of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 were selected, which showed different properties for the investigation. The effect of volume percentage of nanoparticles, type of nanoparticles, and stirring speed on the rate of CO2 absorption and the impact of volume percentage of nanoparticles and type of nanoparticles on the CO2 desorption rate were studied. It has been found that nanoparticles suspended in BOL are a good absorbent in the current MEA infrastructure due to their less corrosive nature and lower energy requirements for regeneration than the current MEA. In this work, carbon dioxide absorption was improved by 11% and carbon dioxide absorption increased by 8.5% from BOL alone. The alumina nanofluid at a concentration of 0.05 absorbed the highest carbon dioxide by 0.061 g/s. In contrast, the iron oxide nano particles at a concentration of 0.01 volume% absorbed the most elevated carbon dioxide of 0.0077 g/s.

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7

Loux, Nicholas T. "An assessment of mercury-species-dependent binding with natural organic carbon." Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 10, no. 4 (January 1998): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/095422998782775754.

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8

Orhan, Ozge Yuksel, Yasemin Keles, Hulya Yavuz Ersan, and Erdogan Alper. "Ultrasound-assisted Desorption of CO2 from Carbon Dioxide Binding Organic Liquids." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1148.

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9

Dumele, Oliver, and Niklas Grabicki. "Confining the Inner Space of Strained Carbon Nanorings." Synlett 33, no. 01 (November 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1719853.

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AbstractStrained aromatic macrocycles based on cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are the shortest repeating units of armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes. Since the development of several new synthetic methodologies for accessing these structures, their properties have been extensively studied. Besides the fundamental interest in these novel molecular scaffolds, their application in the field of materials science is an ongoing topic of research. Most of the reported CPP-type macrocycles display strong binding toward fullerenes, due to the perfect match between the convex and concave π-surfaces of fullerenes and CPPs, respectively. Highly functionalized CPP derivatives capable of supramolecular binding with other molecules are rarely reported. The synthesis of highly functionalized [n]cyclo-2,7-pyrenylenes leads to CPP-type macrocycles with a defined cavity capable of binding non-fullerene guests with high association constants.

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10

MacRae, Russell K., Ann S. Maest, and Joseph S. Meyer. "Selection of an organic acid analogue of dissolved organic matter for use in toxicity testing." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-090.

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Uncontaminated stream waters in the vicinity of a Co mine in Idaho were titrated with Cu to determine the Cu-binding characteristics of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended particles. Nonlinear regressions of bound versus free Cu concentrations were consistent with a two-ligand model for DOM complexation of Cu, in which the conditional stability constants (log K) and complexation capacities (CC) were log K1 = 7.26, CC1 = 0.21 µmol Cu·mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-1 and log K2 = 5.13, CC2 = 2.89 µmol Cu·mg DOC-1. Copper-binding constants were similar in filtered (0.45 µm) and unfiltered water samples. Calcium, Mg, and Co did not compete appreciably with Cu for DOM complexation at concentrations present in site waters. Copper binding to amorphous iron oxide flocs also was not important at the Fe concentrations present in the stream waters. We selected a mixture of three organic acids, dipicolinic, oxalic, and malonic, to mimic the Cu-binding properties of this DOM. Geochemical models were developed to estimate Cu speciation and evaluate its bioavailability in companion fish toxicity tests using the DOM analogue (Marr et al. 1999. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 1471-1483).

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11

Duong, Thien D., Sergey A. Sapchenko, Ivan da Silva, Harry G. W. Godfrey, Yongqiang Cheng, Luke L. Daemen, Pascal Manuel, et al. "Observation of binding of carbon dioxide to nitro-decorated metal–organic frameworks." Chemical Science 11, no. 20 (2020): 5339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc04294f.

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12

Evans, Hayla E. "The binding of three PCB congeners to dissolved organic carbon in freshwaters." Chemosphere 17, no. 12 (January 1988): 2325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(88)90143-9.

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13

Yu, Guang-Hui, Min-Jie Wu, Guan-Ran Wei, Yi-Hong Luo, Wei Ran, Bo-Ren Wang, Jian−chao Zhang, and Qi-Rong Shen. "Binding of Organic Ligands with Al(III) in Dissolved Organic Matter from Soil: Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Storage." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 11 (May 17, 2012): 6102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3002212.

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14

Doheny, Patrick W., Ravichandar Babarao, Cameron J. Kepert, and Deanna M. D’Alessandro. "Tuneable CO2 binding enthalpies by redox modulation of an electroactive MOF-74 framework." Materials Advances 2, no. 6 (2021): 2112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00503g.

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15

Hartono, Arief, Baba Barus, Syaiful Anwar, Kanzila Arasyati, and Joy Ghosh. "Soil properties and phosphorus sorption characteristics due to land use change from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava in North Lampung, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1133, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012022.

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Abstract Changing pepper-based agroforestry land to cassava is massively conducted by farmers in North Lampung, Indonesia because the pepper price is low. This research was aimed to reveal the changes in the chemical properties and the characteristics of P sorption in the North Lampung regency because of the change in land use from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava. Soil pH, exchangeable aluminum (Al), organic carbon (C), basic cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and P sorption-desorption were analyzed in collected soil samples. The results showed that soil properties and P sorption-desorption characteristics changed. The land cultivated with cassava for fifteen years had lower pH, organic C, basic cations, CEC, and higher exchangeable Al than land cultivated with pepper-based agroforestry. In topsoil, the P sorption maximum, P binding energy, and standard P requirement of fifteen years old cassava land were higher than those of pepper-based agroforestry. Organic C negatively correlated with the P binding energies. The results revealed that land use change from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava had an adverse effect, on soil organic C and tended to increase P sorption maximum, P binding energy, and standard P requirement. Organic matter management was necessary to maintain soil organic carbon in sufficient status.

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Urry, D. W., T. L. Trapane, C. M. Venkatachalam, and K. U. Prasad. "Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of potassium and thallium ion binding to the Gramicidin A transmembrane channel." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-327.

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By means of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, carbonyl carbon ion-induced chemical shifts of the Gramicidin A channel are determined at 70 °C and analyzed as a function of potassium ion concentration and as a function of thallium ion concentration. In both cases two binding processes are observed. The estimated binding constants for potassium ion binding are 28/M and 2.4/M for the tight (single ion occupancy) and weak (double ion occupancy) sites, respectively, and for thallium ion binding are of the order of 103/M for the tight site and approximately 70/M for the weak site. These studies, which utilize a 90% enriched carbonyl carbon within the binding site of the channel to monitor ion interaction, argue for the presence of two ions in the channel for conditions under which planar bilayer transport studies are commonly carried out.

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17

Kayler, Z. E., M. Kaiser, A. Gessler, R. H. Ellerbrock, and M. Sommer. "Application of δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures of organic matter fractions sequentially separated from adjacent arable and forest soils to identify carbon stabilization mechanisms." Biogeosciences 8, no. 10 (October 17, 2011): 2895–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2895-2011.

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Abstract. Identifying the chemical mechanisms behind soil carbon bound in organo-mineral complexes is necessary to determine the degree to which soil organic carbon is stabilized belowground. Analysis of δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures of stabilized OM fractions along with soil mineral characteristics may yield important information about OM-mineral associations and their processing history. We anlayzed the δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures from two organic matter (OM) fractions along with soil mineral proxies to identify the likely binding mechanisms involved. We analyzed OM fractions hypothesized to contain carbon stabilized through organo-mineral complexes: (1) OM separated chemically with sodium pyrophosphate (OM(PY)) and (2) OM occluded in micro-structures found in the chemical extraction residue (OM(ER)). Because the OM fractions were separated from five different soils with paired forest and arable land use histories, we could address the impact of land use change on carbon binding and processing mechanisms. We used partial least squares regression to analyze patterns in the isotopic signature of OM with established mineral and chemical proxies indicative for certain binding mechanisms. We found different mechanisms predominate in each land use type. For arable soils, the formation of OM(PY)-Ca-mineral associations was identified as an important OM binding mechanism. Therefore, we hypothesize an increased stabilization of microbial processed OM(PY) through Ca2+ interactions. In general, we found the forest soils to contain on average 10% more stabilized carbon relative to total carbon stocks, than the agricultural counter part. In forest soils, we found a positive relationship between isotopic signatures of OM(PY) and the ratio of soil organic carbon content to soil surface area (SOC/SSA). This indicates that the OM(PY) fractions of forest soils represent layers of slower exchange not directly attached to mineral surfaces. From the isotopic composition of the OM(ER) fraction, we conclude that the OM in this fraction from both land use types have undergone a different pathway to stabilization that does not involve microbial processing, which may include OM which is highly protected within soil micro-structures.

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Marr, J. CA, J. Lipton, D. Cacela, J. A. Hansen, J. S. Meyer, and H. L. Bergman. "Bioavailability and acute toxicity of copper to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the presence of organic acids simulating natural dissolved organic carbon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-089.

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Copper bioavailability and toxicity to early life stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated by laboratory toxicity testing performed using organic acid mixtures. Geochemical modeling was used to design exposure solutions that simulate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of a natural aquatic system and to determine the fractions of total Cu present as inorganic species (e.g., Cu2+) and as individual Cu-organic complexes. Failure time modeling indicated that mortality was best predicted by a combination of total inorganic Cu and distinct Cu-organic complexes. The Cu-organic complexes that contributed to toxicity are characterized as low-affinity Cu-ligands, and our results support the hypothesis that Cu toxicity in nature is a function of the binding characteristics of individual ligands. Estimates of time-independent median lethal concentration thresholds determined at widely varying equivalent concentrations of DOC (0-16 mg/L) were constant (7.9-8.6 µg Cu/L) when modeled using the sum of inorganic Cu and Cu bound to the two low-affinity ligands as predictors of toxicity. Our results indicate that Cu bound to organic complexes may be available to fish and that acute toxicity of Cu is determined by the binding affinities of specific DOC components relative to Cu-binding affinity of fish gill.

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Gassensmith, Jeremiah J., Hiroyasu Furukawa, Ronald A. Smaldone, Ross S. Forgan, Youssry Y. Botros, Omar M. Yaghi, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Strong and Reversible Binding of Carbon Dioxide in a Green Metal–Organic Framework." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 39 (October 5, 2011): 15312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja206525x.

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20

Merritt, Karen A., and M. Susan Erich. "Influence of Organic Matter Decomposition on Soluble Carbon and Its Copper-Binding Capacity." Journal of Environmental Quality 32, no. 6 (November 2003): 2122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2122.

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21

Guo, Zhiyong, Tianyi Chen, Xinzhou Wang, Liwen Zhang, Liting Wang, Deming Dong, and Xiuyi Hua. "Addition of Carbonaceous Material to Aquatic Sediments for Sorption of Lindane and p,p’-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091722.

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Isomers of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) are still frequently detected worldwide in considerable amounts, even decades after their prohibition. Carbonaceous materials (CMs) have been shown to significantly reduce risks of propagation to humans by binding the hydrophobic organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) present in aquatic sediments. In the present study, black carbons extracted from natural sediments, and artificially produced black carbons, including black carbons by burning rice straw at 450 and 850 °C, and a commercial activated carbon were compared to investigate the factors affecting the sorption of γ-HCH (lindane) and p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p’-DDE) on CMs. The results indicated that when the proportion of CMs to total organic carbon (ƒCM/ƒOC) was greater than 0.35, CMs played a leading role in the sorption of lindane and p,p’-DDE by the sediments. The sorption contribution rate of CMs could reach up to 64.7%. When the ratio of ƒCM/ƒOC was less than 0.10, CMs played a minor role in the sorption. In addition, the nonlinearity of the sorption isotherms was strengthened with the increasing the proportion of CMs to total organic carbon. Our findings show that ƒCM/ƒOC value is a principal parameter for assessing the sorption capacity of sediments added by CMs for OCPs.

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Kumar, Rakesh, Kisan Singh Rawat, Jitendra Singh, Ashutosh Singh, and Ashish Rai. "Soil aggregation dynamics and carbon sequestration." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.314.

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The quantity and quality of residues determine the formation and stabilization of aggregate structure for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Plant roots and residues are the primary organic skeleton to enmesh the inorganic particles together and build macro- and microaggregates while sequestering SOC. There are three major organic binding agents of aggregation: temporary (plant roots, fungal hyphae, and bacterial cells), transient (polysaccharides), and persistent (humic compounds and polymers). Conversion of natural ecosystems into agricultural lands for intensive cultivation severely depletes SOC pools. Magnitude of SOC sequestration in the soil system depends on the residence time of SOC in aggregates. Microaggregates are bound to old organic C, whereas macroaggregates contain younger organic material. Many techniques have been used to assess the SOC distribution in aggregates. Classical methods include SOC determination in aggregate fractions by wet and dry sieving of bulk soil. Isotopic methods including the determination of 13C and 14C with mass spectrometry are techniques to quantify the turnover and storage of organic materials in soil aggregates. Other techniques involve the use of computed tomography, X-ray scattering, and X-ray microscopy to examine the internal porosity and interaggregate attributes of macro- and microaggregates. Current state-of-knowledge has not unravelled completely the underlying complex processes involved in the sequestration, stability, dynamics, and residence times of SOC in macro- and microaggregates. There is a need to develop a unique conceptual model of aggregate hierarchy.

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Xiao, Jian, Xinhua He, Jialong Hao, Ying Zhou, Lirong Zheng, Wei Ran, Qirong Shen, and Guanghui Yu. "New strategies for submicron characterization the carbon binding of reactive minerals in long-term contrasting fertilized soils: implications for soil carbon storage." Biogeosciences 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2016): 3607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3607-2016.

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Abstract. Mineral binding is a major mechanism for soil carbon (C) stabilization. However, the submicron information about the in situ mechanisms of different fertilization practices affecting organo-mineral complexes and associated C preservation remains unclear. Here, we applied nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to examine differentiating effects of inorganic versus organic fertilization on interactions between highly reactive minerals and soil C preservation. To examine such interactions, soils and their extracted colloids were collected during a 24-year long-term fertilization period (1990–2014) (no fertilization, control; chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization, NPK; and NPK plus swine manure fertilization, NPKM). The results for different fertilization conditions showed a ranked soil organic matter concentration with NPKM > NPK > control. Meanwhile, oxalate-extracted Al (Alo), Fe (Feo), short-range ordered Al (Alxps), Fe (Fexps), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranked with NPKM > control > NPK, but the ratios of DOC ∕ Alxps and DOC ∕ Fexps ranked with NPKM > NPK > control. Compared with the NPK treatment, the NPKM treatment enhanced the C-binding loadings of Al and Fe minerals in soil colloids at the submicron scale. Furthermore, a greater concentration of highly reactive Al and Fe minerals was presented under NPKM than under NPK. Together, these submicron-scale findings suggest that both the reactive mineral species and their associations with C are differentially affected by 24-year long-term inorganic and organic fertilization.

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Torres, Camila, Ignacio Villarroel, Roberto Rozas, and Leonor Contreras. "Carbon Nanotubes Having Haeckelite Defects as Potential Drug Carriers. Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 24, 2019): 4281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234281.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are valuable drug carriers since when properly functionalized they transport drugs and anchor directly to cancerous tumors whose more acidic pH causes the drug release. Herein, we study the so-called zigzag and armchair CNTs with haeckelite defects to rank their ability to adsorb doxorubicin (DOX) by determining the DOX-CNT binding free energies using the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods implemented in AMBER. Our results reveal stronger DOX-CNT interactions for encapsulation of the drug inside the nanotube compared to its adsorption onto the defective nanotube external surface. Armchair CNTs with one and two defects exhibit better results compared with those with four and fifteen defects. Each haeckelite defect consists of a pair of square and octagonal rings. DOX-CNT binding free energies are predicted to be dependent on: (i) nanotube chirality and diameter, (ii) the number of defects, (iii) nitrogen doping and (iv) the position of the encapsulated DOX inside the nanotube. Armchair (10,10) nanotubes with two haeckelite defects, doped with nitrogen, exhibit the best drug-nanotube binding free energies compared with zigzag and fully hydrogenated nanotubes and, also previously reported ones with bumpy defects. These results contribute to further understanding drug-nanotube interactions and their potential application to the design of new drug delivery systems.

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Cantu, David C., Deepika Malhotra, Phillip K. Koech, David J. Heldebrant, Feng (Richard) Zheng, Charles J. Freeman, Roger Rousseau, and Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou. "Structure–property reduced order model for viscosity prediction in single-component CO2-binding organic liquids." Green Chemistry 18, no. 22 (2016): 6004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc02203k.

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Mosch, Heike L. K. S., Stephanie Höppener, Renzo M. Paulus, Bernd Schröter, Ulrich S. Schubert, and Anna Ignaszak. "The correlation of the binding mechanism of the polypyrrole–carbon capacitive interphase with electrochemical stability of the composite electrode." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 20 (2015): 13323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01406a.

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Kayler, Z. E., M. Kaiser, A. Gessler, R. H. Ellerbrock, and M. Sommer. "Application of δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures of organic matter fractions sequentially separated from adjacent arable and forest soils to identify carbon stabilization mechanisms." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 1985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-1985-2011.

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Abstract. Identifying the chemical mechanisms behind soil carbon bound in organo-mineral complexes is necessary to determine the degree to which soil organic carbon is stabilized belowground. We used the δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures from two organic matter (OM) fractions from soil to identify the likely binding mechanisms involved. We used OM fractions hypothesized to contain carbon stabilized through organo-mineral complexes: (1) OM separated chemically with sodium pyrophosphate (OM(PY)) and (2) OM stabilized in microstructures found in the chemical extraction residue (OM(ER)). Furthermore, because the OM fractions were separated from five different soils with paired forest and arable land use histories, we could address the impact of land use change on carbon binding and processing mechanisms within these soils. We used partial least squares regression to analyze patterns in the isotopic signature of OM with established proxies of different binding mechanisms. Parsing soil OM into different fractions is a systematic method of dissection, however, we are primarily interested in how OM is bound in soil as a whole, requiring a means of re-assembly. Thus, we implemented the recent zonal framework described by Kleber et al. (2007) to relate our findings to undisturbed soil. The δ15N signature of OM fractions served as a reliable indicator for microbial processed carbon in both arable and forest land use types. The δ13C signature of OM fractions in arable sites did not correlate well with proxies of soil mineral properties while a consistent pattern of enrichment was seen in the δ13C of OM fractions in the forest sites. We found a significant difference in δ13C of pooled OM fractions between the forest and arable land use type although it was relatively small (<1‰). We found different binding mechanisms predominate in each land use type. The isotopic signatures of OM fractions from arable soils were highly related to the clay and silt size particles amount while organic matter not directly bound to mineral surfaces in the contact zone was involved in cation bonding with Ca. In forest soils, we found a relationship between isotopic signatures of OM(PY) and the ratio of soil organic carbon content to soil surface area (SOC/SSA). For arable soils, the formation of OM(PY)-Ca-mineral associations seems to be a relevant OM stabilization mechanism while the OM(PY) of forest soils seems to be separated from layers of slower exchange not directly attached to mineral surfaces. This means there is a potential to build multiple OM layers on mineral particles in the arable soil and thus the potential for carbon accumulation.

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Larsen, Erik, Cristina Olivieri, Caitlin Walker, Manu V.S., Jiali Gao, David Bernlohr, Marco Tonelli, John Markley, and Gianluigi Veglia. "Probing Protein-Protein Interactions Using Asymmetric Labeling and Carbonyl-Carbon Selective Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081937.

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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) regulate a plethora of cellular processes and NMR spectroscopy has been a leading technique for characterizing them at the atomic resolution. Technically, however, PPIs characterization has been challenging due to multiple samples required to characterize the hot spots at the protein interface. In this paper, we review our recently developed methods that greatly simplify PPI studies, which minimize the number of samples required to fully characterize residues involved in the protein-protein binding interface. This original strategy combines asymmetric labeling of two binding partners and the carbonyl-carbon label selective (CCLS) pulse sequence element implemented into the heteronuclear single quantum correlation (1H-15N HSQC) spectra. The CCLS scheme removes signals of the J-coupled 15N–13C resonances and records simultaneously two individual amide fingerprints for each binding partner. We show the application to the measurements of chemical shift correlations, residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), and paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PRE). These experiments open an avenue for further modifications of existing experiments facilitating the NMR analysis of PPIs.

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Zolla, Lello, Maurizio Brunori, Brough Richey, and Stan J. Gill. "Heterogeneous binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide to dissociated molluscan hemocyanin." Biophysical Chemistry 22, no. 4 (October 1985): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(85)80050-8.

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Balny, Claude, and Franck Travers. "Activation thermodynamics of the binding of carbon monoxide to horseradish peroxidase." Biophysical Chemistry 33, no. 3 (July 1989): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(89)80025-0.

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31

Norris, Noele, Naomi M. Levine, Vicente I. Fernandez, and Roman Stocker. "Mechanistic model of nutrient uptake explains dichotomy between marine oligotrophic and copiotrophic bacteria." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e1009023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009023.

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Marine bacterial diversity is immense and believed to be driven in part by trade-offs in metabolic strategies. Here we consider heterotrophs that rely on organic carbon as an energy source and present a molecular-level model of cell metabolism that explains the dichotomy between copiotrophs—which dominate in carbon-rich environments—and oligotrophs—which dominate in carbon-poor environments—as the consequence of trade-offs between nutrient transport systems. While prototypical copiotrophs, like Vibrios, possess numerous phosphotransferase systems (PTS), prototypical oligotrophs, such as SAR11, lack PTS and rely on ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which use binding proteins. We develop models of both transport systems and use them in proteome allocation problems to predict the optimal nutrient uptake and metabolic strategy as a function of carbon availability. We derive a Michaelis–Menten approximation of ABC transport, analytically demonstrating how the half-saturation concentration is a function of binding protein abundance. We predict that oligotrophs can attain nanomolar half-saturation concentrations using binding proteins with only micromolar dissociation constants and while closely matching transport and metabolic capacities. However, our model predicts that this requires large periplasms and that the slow diffusion of the binding proteins limits uptake. Thus, binding proteins are critical for oligotrophic survival yet severely constrain growth rates. We propose that this trade-off fundamentally shaped the divergent evolution of oligotrophs and copiotrophs.

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Lim, Shinhuey, Trung-Ta Nguyen, and Petra Marschner. "Binding of water-extractable organic carbon to clay subsoil: effects of clay subsoil properties." Soil Research 53, no. 1 (2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14053.

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Addition of clay-rich subsoils to sandy soils can increase yield and may increase organic carbon (OC) retention in soils. The ability of clays to bind OC is likely to be influenced by clay properties, but little is known about the relative importance of properties of clay subsoils for binding of OC. A batch sorption experiment was conducted using seven clay subsoils collected from agricultural lands where claying was carried out. Clay subsoils were shaken for 17 h at 4°C with different concentrations of water-extractable OC (WEOC: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 9.0 g kg–1 soil) derived from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw at a 1 : 10 soil : extract ratio. Sorption of WEOC was positively correlated with clay content, specific surface area and concentration of iron oxides. Further, WEOC sorption was negatively correlated with total OC content, sodium absorption ratio and cation ratio of soil structural stability. However, the relative importance of these properties for WEOC sorption differed among soils. In conclusion, OC retention in clay-amended sandy soils will be positively related to clay soil properties such as clay and Fe oxide content and specific surface area.

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Mananghaya, Michael, Emmanuel Rodulfo, Gil Nonato Santos, and Al Rey Villagracia. "Theoretical Investigation on the Solubilization in Water of Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/780815.

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An important technique to increase the solubility and reactivity of carbon nanotube is through functionalization. In this study, the effects of functionalization of some single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were investigated with the aid of density functional theory. The SWCNT model used in the study consists of a finite, (5, 0) zigzag nanotube segment containing 60 C atoms with hydrogen atoms added to the dangling bonds of the perimeter carbons. There are three water-dispersible SWCNTs used in this study that were functionalized with (a) formic acid, as a model of carboxylic acid, (b) isophthalic acid, as a model aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and (c) benzenesulfonic acid, as a model aromatic sulfonic acid. Binding energies of the organic radicals to the nanotubes are calculated, as well as the HOMO-LUMO gaps and dipole moments of both nanotubes and functionalized nanotubes. Binding was found out to be thermodynamically favorable. The functionalization increases the electrical dipole moments and results in an enhancement in the solubility of the nanotubes in water manifested through favorable changes in the free energies of solvation. This should lower the toxicity of nanotubes and improve their biocompatibility.

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Hsieh, Sheng-Hsien, Teng-Pao Chiu, Wei-Shiang Huang, Ting-Chien Chen, and Yi-Lung Yeh. "Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) Distribution on Size-Fractioned Soil Humic Substance (SHS)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 13, 2019): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183398.

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Soil humic substances (SHS) are heterogeneous, complex mixtures, whose concentration, chemical composition, and structure affect the transport and distribution of heavy metals. This study investigated the distribution behavior of two heavy metals [cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni)] in high molecular weight SHS (HMHS, 1 kDa–0.45 μm) and low molecular weight SHS (LMHS, <1 kDa) extracted from agricultural soils. The HMHS mass fractions were 45.1 ± 19.3%, 17.1 ± 6.7%, and 57.7 ± 18.5% for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Cd, and Ni, respectively. The metal binding affinity, unit organic carbon binding with heavy metal ratios ([Me]/[DOC]), were between 0.41 ± 0.09 μmol/g-C and 7.29 ± 2.27 μmol/g-C. Cd preferred binding with LMHS (p < 0.001), while Ni preferred binding with HMHS (p < 0.001). The optical indicators SUVA254, SR, and FI were 3.16 ± 1.62 L/mg-C/m, 0.54 ± 0.18 and 1.57 ± 0.15, respectively for HMHS and 2.65 ± 1.25 L/mg-C/m, 0.40 ± 0.17, and 1.68 ± 0.12, respectively for LMHS. The HMHS contained more aromatic and lower FI values than LMHS. Multilinear regression showed a significant positive correlation between the measured predicted [Me]/[DOC] ratios (r = 0.52–0.72, p < 0.001). The results show that the optical indices can distinguish the chemical composition and structure of different size SHS and predict the binding ability of Me-SHS.

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Playle, Richard C., D. George Dixon, and Kent Burnison. "Copper and Cadmium Binding to Fish Gills: Modification by Dissolved Organic Carbon and Synthetic Ligands." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-290.

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Adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to 17 g Cu∙L−1 or 6 g Cd∙L−1 for 2 to 3 h in synthetic softwater solutions at pH 6.2 containing either naturally-occurring, freeze-dried dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or synthetic ligands such as EDTA. After exposures, gills were assayed for bound Cu or Cd. As a first approximation, lake of origin or molecular size fraction of DOC did not influence Cu binding to gills, while DOC concentration did. DOC concentrations ≥4.8 mg∙L−1 prevented Cu from accumulating on fathead gills. At the relatively low concentrations used, neither Cu nor Cd interfered with binding of the other metal on gills, suggesting different gill binding sites. Cadmium accumulation on gills was more sensitive to increased concentrations of Ca and H+ than was Cu. Surprisingly, Cd bound to gills to the same or greater extent than did Cu: for synthetic ligands, Cd binds less well than Cu. This result corroborates previously published observations that Cd, unlike Cu, is taken up at gills through high affinity Ca channels. Accumulation of Cd on fish gills was never associated with 14C-labelled EDTA or 14C-citrate, indicating that free metal interacts with the gill while metal–ligand complexes usually do not.

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36

Mitchell, Perry J., André J. Simpson, Ronald Soong, Adi Oren, Benny Chefetz, and Myrna J. Simpson. "Solution-state NMR investigation of the sorptive fractionation of dissolved organic matter by alkaline mineral soils." Environmental Chemistry 10, no. 4 (2013): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13052.

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Environmental context Dissolved organic matter plays a key role in global carbon cycling and environmental contaminant transport. We use one- and two-dimensional solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterise dissolved organic matter before and after binding to alkaline subsoils with low organic carbon content. The results show that the dissolved organic matter is selectively fractionated through preferential binding of specific organic carbon functional groups. Abstract Sorption to clay minerals is a prominent fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in terrestrial environments. Previous studies have observed that DOM is selectively fractionated by interactions with both pure clay minerals and acidic mineral soils. However, the specific DOM functional groups that preferentially sorb to mineral surfaces in alkaline soils require further examination because higher basicity could change the nature of these sorptive interactions. Biosolids-derived DOM was characterised using one- and two-dimensional solution-state NMR spectroscopy before and after sorption to three alkaline subsurface mineral soils with varying mineralogy. Carboxylic DOM components sorbed preferentially to all soils, likely due to cation bridging and ligand exchange mechanisms. Aliphatic constituents were selectively retained only by a soil with high clay mineral content, possibly by van der Waals interactions with montmorillonite surfaces. Polar carbohydrate and peptide components of the DOM did not exhibit preferential sorption and may remain mobile in the soil solution and potentially stimulate microbial activity. A relatively low signal from aromatic DOM components prevented a full assessment of their sorption behaviour. The results suggest that DOM is selectively fractionated by similar interactions in both acidic and alkaline soils that may play a key role in the chemical and biochemical processes of subsurface environments.

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37

Adla, Santosh Kumar, Arun Kumar Tonduru, Thales Kronenberger, Eva Kudova, Antti Poso, and Kristiina M. Huttunen. "Neurosteroids: Structure-Uptake Relationships and Computational Modeling of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)1A2." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185662.

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In this study, we investigated the delivery of synthetic neurosteroids into MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells via Organic Anionic Transporting Polypeptides (OATPs) (pH 7.4 and 5.5) to identify the structural components required for OATP-mediated cellular uptake and to get insight into brain drug delivery. Then, we identified structure-uptake relationships using in-house developed OATP1A2 homology model to predict binding sites and modes for the ligands. These binding modes were studied by molecular dynamics simulations to rationalize the experimental results. Our results show that carboxylic acid needs to be at least at 3 carbon-carbon bonds distance from amide bond at the C-3 position of the androstane skeleton and have an amino group to avoid efflux transport. Replacement of hydroxyl group at C-3 with any of the 3, 4, and 5-carbon chained terminal carboxylic groups improved the affinity. We attribute this to polar interactions between carboxylic acid and side-chains of Lys33 and Arg556. The additional amine group showed interactions with Glu172 and Glu200. Based on transporter capacities and efficacies, it could be speculated that the functionalization of acetyl group at the C-17 position of the steroidal skeleton might be explored further to enable OAT1A2-mediated delivery of neurosteroids into the cells and also across the blood-brain barrier.

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38

Jagadish, Krishnegowda, Shivanna Srikantaswamy, Kullaiah Byrappa, Lingaraju Shruthi, and Mavinakere Ramesh Abhilash. "Dispersion of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Solvents through Hydrothermal Supercritical Condition." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/381275.

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Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite materials require careful formulation of processing methods to ultimately realize the desired properties. Until now, controlled dispersion of MWCNT remains a challenge, due to strong van der Waals binding energies associated with the MWCNT aggregates. In the present study, an effort has been made to disperse MWCNTs in organic solvents like dichloromethane, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and hexane through hydrothermal reaction. Dichloromethane is considered the best solvent for the dispersion of MWCNTs. The characterizations were carried out to find the dispersion design, particle size, and stabilization, which clearly indicate that the desired properties of MWCNTs have been achieved.

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39

Šimanský, V., and D. Bajčan. "Stability of soil aggregates and their ability of carbon sequestration." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 3 (August 6, 2014): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/106/2013-swr.

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One of the most important binding agents for forming stable aggregates is a soil organic matter (SOM), which can be retained in various size fractions of aggregates. If aggregates are water-resistant, they retain more carbon. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of aggregates and their ability of carbon sequestration in different soil types and soil management systems in Slovakian vineyards. The highest content of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) was determined in Cambisols, and the lowest in Fluvisols. The highest content of WSAma (size fraction 0.5–3 mm) was determined in Chernozems, decreasing within the following sequence: Fluvisols > Leptosols > Cambisols > Luvisols. The soil type had a statistically significant influence on the re-distribution of soil organic matter in size fractions of water-stable aggregates. The highest content of SOM in water-stable aggregates of the vineyards was determined in grassy strips in-between the vineyard rows in comparison to intensively cultivated rows of vineyard. The highest values of carbon sequestration capacity (CSC) in WSAma were found in Cambisols > Leptosols and the lowest values of CSC were in Fluvisols. The micro-aggregates represented a significant carbon reservoir for the intensively cultivated soils (rows of vineyard). On the other hand, increasing of macro-aggregates (size fraction 0.5–3 mm) was characteristic for grassland soils (between the rows of vineyard).

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Basu, Aditya, Rahul Shrivastava, Bhakti Basu, Shree K. Apte, and Prashant S. Phale. "Modulation of Glucose Transport Causes Preferential Utilization of Aromatic Compounds in Pseudomonas putida CSV86." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 21 (September 7, 2007): 7556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01235-07.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida CSV86 utilizes aromatic compounds in preference to glucose and coutilizes aromatics and organic acids. Protein analysis of cells grown on different carbon sources, either alone or in combination, revealed that a 43-kDa periplasmic-space protein was induced by glucose and repressed by aromatics and succinate. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified this protein as closely resembling the sugar ABC transporter of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. A partially purified 43-kDa protein showed glucose binding activity and was specific for glucose. The results demonstrate that the aromatic- and organic acid-mediated repression of a periplasmic-space glucose binding protein and consequent inhibition of glucose transport are responsible for this strain's ability to utilize aromatics and organic acids in preference to glucose.

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41

Velasco, Ever, Yuki Osumi, Simon J. Teat, Stephanie Jensen, Kui Tan, Timo Thonhauser, and Jing Li. "Fluorescent Detection of Carbon Disulfide by a Highly Emissive and Robust Isoreticular Series of Zr-Based Luminescent Metal Organic Frameworks (LMOFs)." Chemistry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry3010024.

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Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a highly volatile neurotoxic species. It is known to cause atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease and contributes significantly to sulfur-based pollutants. Therefore, effective detection and capture of carbon disulfide represents an important aspect of research efforts for the protection of human and environmental health. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of two strongly luminescent and robust isoreticular metal organic frameworks (MOFs) Zr6(µ3-O)4(OH)8(tcbpe)2(H2O)4 (here termed 1) and Zr6(µ3-O)4(OH)8(tcbpe-f)2(H2O)4 (here termed 2) and their use as fluorescent sensors for the detection of carbon disulfide. Both MOFs demonstrate a calorimetric bathochromic shift in the optical bandgap and strong luminescence quenching upon exposure to carbon disulfide. The interactions between carbon disulfide and the frameworks are analyzed by in-situ infrared spectroscopy and computational modelling by density functional theory. These results reveal that both the Zr metal node and organic ligand act as the preferential binding sites and interact strongly with carbon disulfide.

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42

Jin, Xiaoli, Chade Lv, Xin Zhou, Congmin Zhang, Biao Zhang, Huan Su, and Gang Chen. "Realizing the regulated carrier separation and exciton generation of Bi24O31Cl10via a carbon doping strategy." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 47 (2018): 24350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08598f.

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A novel carbon doping strategy induced by an organic salt is successfully developed. Improved carrier separation and exciton binding energies (E_b) are achieved on C-doped Bi₂₄O₃₁Cl₁₀, which provides excellent photocatalytic CO₂ reduction and persistent ¹O₂ generation.

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43

Lee, Ming-Hsi, Ed-Haun Chang, Chia-Hsing Lee, Jyun-Yuan Chen, and Shih-Hao Jien. "Effects of Biochar on Soil Aggregation and Distribution of Organic Carbon Fractions in Aggregates." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081431.

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Soil aggregates are among crucial factors for determining both the quality and erosion resistance of soils. Biochar is a soil amendment that has seen increasing use to improve specific soil properties, mainly the physical structure and the preserving capacity of water and nutrients, as well as sequestration of soil organic carbon. In this study, we applied the rice husk biochar (RHB) and cattle manure compost (COM) in a sandy loam rural soil, which is widely distributed in southern Taiwan, to investigate the combined effects of the biochar and compost on soil aggregation and dynamic change of organic carbon fractions. Through our incubation experiment, both biochar and compost could promote the soil aggregation after eight weeks incubation. The total amounts of macroaggregates (MaAs, >2.0 mm) and mesoaggregates (MeAs, 0.25–2.0 mm) increased by 1.3–9%. During aggregation processes, a considerably greater amount of the soil organic carbon was found to enrich mainly in MaAs and MeAs in all treatments. The COM addition in the soil further promotes organic carbon enrichment in microaggregates (MiAs, <0.25 mm) + fine particles and MeAs after incubation. Increasing labile organic C (LOC) fractions were significantly found in MaAs and MeAs during aggregation processes, whereas decreasing LOC fractions were found in MiAs. The input of fresh organic matter (RHB and COM) initial acts as binding agents in MiAs, and then further enhances the formation of MeAs and MaAs gradually. In conclusion, RHB promotes the physical protection of organic C by increasing soil aggregation and is hence a management option to enhance the C sequestration potential.

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Kim, Baek Hoon, Seung Kyun Son, Hee Jun Lim, and Han Seung Kim. "Enhanced Humification of Soil Organic Matter by Microwave Irradiation and Hyperthermal Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.696.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) is derived from dead biomass of animals and plants, and its formation process in which the precursor materials of SOM are transformed into macro organic molecules through geo-chemical and geo-biological reactions in the subsurface environment is referred to as humification. Carbon content increases, but oxygen content decreases along with marked increased in molecular weight and degree of condensation of SOM during humification. It has been known that humus materials evolve in the order of biopolymer, fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin. Humification process takes place in a geological time scale, but it can be accelerated at extremely high temperatures, which can be achieved by microwave (MW) with hyperthermal catalysts (HTCs). Thus, MW was irradiated to the mixture of soil and HTCs to stimulate humification of SOM and to enhance its binding capacity for recalcitrant organic contaminants in this study. MW irradiation with HTCs was optimized, and the characteristic changes of SOMs before and after the irradiation were assessed to confirm humification. Soils were collected from 4 different forest regions in Seoul, Korea (Konkuk University, Yongma Mountain, Surak Mountain, and Bukhan Mountain), and they were screened by wet-sieving. Each component of SOM was isolated by acid-base extraction/selective exchange resin, which was proposed by the International Humic Substance Society. Total organic carbon (TOC) content, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), E4/E6 ratio, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum of SOM before and after MW irradiation were examined. Soil of Surak Mountain exhibited the highest organic carbon content, but Yongma Mountain contained the highest amount of fulvic acid. Soils of Yongma Mountain and Konkuk University were chosen due to their high fulvic acid content, which supported that these soils are relatively geologically-young soils. Powdered and granulated activated carbon (PAC and GAC), graphite, charcoal, and carbon nanotube (CNT) were selected and screened with regard to their hyperthermal activity under MW irradiation. The temperature changes by MW with HTCs were monitored at various MW irradiation intensity and time. Graphite-and CNT-soil mixtures exhibited the optimum heating capacity at 600 W, resulting in heating HTC-soil mixtures to approximately 1,000oC within 10 min. TOCs, SUVAs, E4/E6 ratios, and FT-IR spectra of SOM supported effective humification of SOM after MW irradiation with HTCs, and notable increase in binding capacity with hydrophobic organic contaminants. The results of this study are expected to provide the fundamental information for developing the performance-efficient and cost-effective treatment process for the removal of persistent organic contaminants based on MW and HTC.

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Ding, Jina, Dongwei Zhang, Yang Liu, Xuejia Zhan, Yitong Lu, Pei Zhou, and Dan Zhang. "An Electrochemical Aptasensor for Pb2+ Detection Based on Metal–Organic-Framework-Derived Hybrid Carbon." Biosensors 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11010001.

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A new double-shelled carbon nanocages material was synthesized and developed an aptasensor for determining Pb2+ in aqueous solution. Herein, nanoporous carbon materials derived from core–shell zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) demonstrated excellent electrochemical activity, stability, and high specificity surface area, consequently resulting in the strong binding with aptamers. The aptamer strands would be induced to form G-quadruplex structure when Pb2+ was introduced. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a good linear relationship of Pb2+ concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 μg L−1 with the detection limits of 0.096 μg L−1. The feasibility was proved by detecting Pb2+ in spiked water samples and polluted soil digestion solution. The proposed aptasensor showed excellent selectivity and reproducibility, indicating promising applications in environmental monitoring.

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Lin, Jian-Bin, Tai T. T. Nguyen, Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan, Jake Burner, Jared M. Taylor, Hana Durekova, Farid Akhtar, et al. "A scalable metal-organic framework as a durable physisorbent for carbon dioxide capture." Science 374, no. 6574 (December 17, 2021): 1464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7281.

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A hydrophobic CO 2 physisorbent Most materials for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture of fossil fuel combustion, such as amines, rely on strong chemisorption interactions that are highly selective but can incur a large energy penalty to release CO 2 . Lin et al . show that a zinc-based metal organic framework material can physisorb CO 2 and incurs a lower regeneration penalty. Its binding site at the center of the pores precludes the formation of hydrogen-bonding networks between water molecules. This durable material can preferentially adsorb CO2 at 40% relative humidity and maintains its performance under flue gas conditions of 150°C. —PDS

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47

Tuccitto, Nunzio, Luca Spitaleri, Giovanni Li Destri, Andrea Pappalardo, Antonino Gulino, and Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto. "Supramolecular Sensing of a Chemical Warfare Agents Simulant by Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 5731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235731.

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Real-time sensing of chemical warfare agents by optical sensors is today a crucial target to prevent terroristic attacks by chemical weapons. Here the synthesis, characterization and detection properties of a new sensor, based on covalently functionalized carbon nanoparticles, are reported. This nanosensor exploits noncovalent interactions, in particular hydrogen bonds, to detect DMMP, a simulant of nerve agents. The nanostructure of the sensor combined with the supramolecular sensing approach leads to high binding constant affinity, high selectivity and the possibility to reuse the sensor.

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48

Botero, Wander G., Michael Pineau, Noémie Janot, Rute F. Domingos, José Mariano, Luciana S. Rocha, Jan E. Groenenberg, Marc F. Benedetti, and José P. Pinheiro. "Isolation and purification treatments change the metal-binding properties of humic acids: effect of HF/HCl treatment." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 7 (2017): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17129.

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Environmental contextStudying the mechanism of binding between metals and natural organic matter is fundamental to understanding the transport and availability of these contaminants in the environment. The influence of sample treatment on the purification of organic matter showed significant differences in the interaction with metals. The results will contribute to improved modelling of metal binding to organic matter in soils, thereby providing a basis for a more realistic risk assessment. AbstractWe studied the changes in metal binding characteristics of extracted humic acids induced by HF/HCl treatment followed by dialysis, i.e. the last step of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) extraction protocol. We performed metal binding experiments with both the alkaline-extracted material (AE) and the fully purified (FP) humic acid using the electrochemical stripping technique (AGNES) and modelled the results using the NICA-Donnan model. The results showed an increase of free Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations of ~1 order of magnitude for the AE compared with the FP. These differences may be mostly explained by the different carbon content (51.3 % FP and 36.5 % AE) associated with an AE/FP carboxyl ratio of 0.5. Simulations using the NICA-Donnan model showed that halving the amount of carboxylic groups (Qmax,1) for the FP reduced this difference to 0.25 log units for Cd and Zn and to 0.15 log unit for Pb. There is a clear need for further research on the differences between purified v. less-disturbed natural organic material, which will contribute to improved modelling of metal binding to organic matter in soils, hence providing a basis for a more realistic risk assessment.

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Fedunov, Roman G., and Victor A. Sokolov. "Possible Steps of the Carboxylation of Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate from Intermediates: 2,3-Enediol versus 1,2-Enol." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189749.

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Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) undergoes enolization to initiate fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the plant carbon cycle. The known model assumes the binding of RuBP to the Rubisco active site with the subsequent formation of 2,3-enediol (2,3,4-trihydroxypent-2-ene-1,5-diyl diphosphate). In the present study, it is assumed that 1,2-enol (2,3,4-trihydroxypent-1-ene-1,5-diyl diphosphate) can be formed in the enolization step to initiate the carboxylation reaction. We have used Kohn–Sham density functional theory on WB97X-D3/Def2-TZVP levels to compare the reaction barriers in the two ways. We considered the pathways of carboxylation of 1/2-ene (mono/di)ol via the C1 and C2 carbons without taking into account the binding of RuBP to the magnesium ion. Calculations of Gibbs free energies confirm the equal probability of the formation of 2,3-enediol and 1,2-enol. Quantum–chemical modeling of enolization and carboxylation reactions supports the important role of the bridging water molecule and diphosphate groups, which provide proton transfer and lower reaction barriers. The results show that carbon dioxide fixation can occur without a magnesium ion, and binding with C1 can have a lower barrier (~12 kcal/mol) than with C2 (~23 kcal/mol).

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TANKAL, Hilal, Özge YÜKSEL ORHAN, Erdoğan ALPER, Telhat ÖZDOĞAN, and Hakan KAYI. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of the reaction between CO$_{2}$ and carbon dioxide binding organic liquids." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 40 (2016): 706–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1512-36.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic carbon binding'

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