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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organic carbon

Academic literature on the topic 'Organic carbon'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Organic carbon"

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Cienciala, E., Z. Exnerová, J. Macků, and V. Henžlík. "Foresttopsoil organic carbon content inSouthwest Bohemiaregion." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 9 (January 9, 2012): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4519-jfs.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate organic carbon content (SOC) in the surface layers of forest soils in the two Natural Forest Regions situated in Southwest Bohemia, namely Západočeská pahorkatina (NFR 6) and Český les (NFR 11). The study is based upon on two consecutive soil sampling campaigns during autumn 2003 and 2004. While the sampling of 2003 was inadequate to estimate bulk density, the consecutive campaign used a defined sample volume to permit an estimation of bulk density and quantification of soil organic carbon (SOC) for soil organic layers and the upper mineral horizon. The total sampling depth was 30 cm including both organic and mineral layer. SOC of organic horizon was on average 1.99 kg C/m<sup>2</sup>. It differed by stand site type ranging from 0.70 to 3.04 kg C/m<sup>2</sup>. The organic layer SOC was smallest under beech (1.03 kg C/m<sup>2</sup>), whereas it was higher under pine (2.19 kg C/m<sup>2</sup>) and spruce <br />(2.09 kg C/m<sup>2</sup>). SOC in the mineral layer was in average 7.28 kg C/m<sup>2</sup>. SOC differed significantly by the major tree species and reached 10.6; 5.67 and 7.5 kg C/m<sup>2</sup> for beech, pine and spruce sites, respectively. The average SOC for the total soil layer (0–30 cm) reached 9.33 kg C/m<sup>2</sup>. The methodological aspects of regional estimation of SOC and the potential of utilization of the national forest inventory program are also discussed.

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Meuzelaar, Henk L. C. "Organic Carbon?" Field Analytical Chemistry & Technology 4, no. 2-3 (2000): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:2/3<71::aid-fact1>3.0.co;2-c.

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Remeš, M., and J. Kulhavý. "Dissolved organic carbon concentrations under conditions of different forestcomposition." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 5 (April 20, 2009): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2009-jfs.

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The study deals with the monitoring of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in seepage water sampled from differently managed forest plots in the Drahanská vrchovina Upland. Simultaneously, the input of DOC in precipitation and throughfall is evaluated. Preliminary results show higher mobility level of carbon substances in forest soil in a pure spruce stand compared to mixed stand or a pure beech stand. DOC can be one of suitable characteristics to evaluate the conversion effectiveness of spruce monocultures.

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Meyer, Judy L. "Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in two subtropical blackwater rivers." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 108, no. 1 (November 25, 1986): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/108/1986/119.

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Ma, Xuexi, Zhengzhong Jin, Yingju Wang, and Jiaqiang Lei. "Effects of Shelter Forests on Soil Organic Carbon of Irrigated Soils in the Taklimakan Desert." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084535.

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An experiment was carried out to test the effects of artificial vegetation on soil organic carbon in sandy soil. The soils were collected from the Taklimakan desert highway shelter forests with different stand age (the stand ages are 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, respectively, and three shrubs named Calligonum mongolicunl, Tamarix chinensis and Haloxylon ammodendron were planted along the highway) in Xinjiang, northwest of China. The soil organic carbon stock in soil vertical layers were calculated. We measured four passive organic carbons (i.e., micro-aggregates organic carbon, humic organic carbon, acid-resistant organic carbon and antioxidant organic carbon). Furthermore, we analyzed the correlations and ratios among the different passive organic carbons. Finally, the chemical composition of humus was detected and the relative contents of C=O and CH groups were determined. The main results showed that, (1) the soil organic carbon and organic carbon stock were decreased with the increase of depth, mainly in 0–50 cm. (2) With the increase of stand age, only in Tamarix chinensis forest, the total soil organic carbon stock increased a little. (3) Total soil organic carbon had more closely correlation with contents of micro-aggregate organic carbon and humic organic carbon. (4) C=O/C-O-C increased a little after 10 years; CH/C-O-C had no obvious change with stand age; CH2/CH3 did not change obviously after 13 years. The Tamarix chinensis forest is the most helpful for carbon sequestration in sandy soil and stabilization in surface layer than Calligonum mongolicunl and Haloxylon ammodendron.

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Ramírez-Palma, Richard Iván, Alejandro Crisóstomo Véliz-Aguayo, Juan Francisco Garcés-Vargas, Lucrecia Cristina Moreno-Alcívar, Gerardo Antonio Herrera-Brunett, and Miguel Antonio Salvatierra-Barzola. "Reducción de trazas de materia orgánica en agua potable mediante la adsorción con Zeolita.//Reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through adsorption with zeolite." CIENCIA UNEMI 12, no. 29 (January 31, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol12iss29.2019pp51-62p.

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El objetivo de esta investigación fue la reducción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable por medio del uso de zeolita natural, zeolita activada y la comparación con la eficiencia de la adsorción del carbón activado. Se utilizó agua suministrada por la compañía AGUAPEN E.P. y materiales adsorbentes zeolita natural, zeolita activada y carbón activado. La zeolita se activó térmicamente a 600ªC. Se realizaron pruebas en columnas de adsorción a escala (RSSCT – Rapid Small-Scale Column Test) para carbón activado granular (GAC) de acuerdo a la norma ASTM 6586 para determinar la eficiencia de la adsorción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable. Se determinó la eficiencia en base al parámetro de carbono orgánico total en muestras simple del afluente y efluente del agua tratada cada 3 horas durante 24 horas. El incremento de la presión de trabajo evidencia el punto de ruptura o colmatación del adsorbente. La concentración del Carbón Orgánico Total (COT) se determinó mediante el análisis de la combustión de la muestra con el detector infrarrojo no dispersivo de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Los resultados mostraron reducción de materia orgánica con el uso de zeolita natural y zeolita activada, con respecto al carbón activado.AbstractThe objective of this research was the reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through the use of natural and activated zeolite, and the comparison with the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Water supplied by the company AGUAPEN E.P. was used, and adsorbent materials as natural zeolite, activated zeolite and activated carbon were utilized. The zeolite was thermally activated at 600 ° C. Tests were performed on scale adsorption columns (RSSCT - Rapid Small Scale Column Test) for Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) according to ASTM 6586 to determine the efficiency of the adsorption of traces of organic matter in drinking water. Efficiency was determined based on the total organic carbon parameter in simple affluent and effluent samples of treated water every 3 hours during 24 hours. The increase in working pressure shows the point of rupture or clogging of the adsorbent. The concentration of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was determined by analyzing the sample combustion with a non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) detector. The results showed the reduction of organic matter in natural zeolite and activated zeolite compared to activated carbon.

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Jansson, Mats, Ann-Kristin Bergström, Peter Blomqvist, Anneli Isaksson, and Anders Jonsson. "Impact of allochthonous organic carbon on microbial food web carbon dynamics and structure in Lake Örträsket." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 144, no. 4 (March 24, 1999): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/144/1999/409.

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Salazar, María Paz, Rafael Villarreal, Luis Alberto Lozano, María Florencia Otero, Nicolás Guillermo Polich, Guido Lautaro Bellora, and Carlos Germán Soracco. "Soil organic carbon." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 119, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 053. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16699513e053.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important factor for soil quality diagnosis. Physical and chemical fractionation of SOC are useful to characterize SOC, because some fractions are more sensitive indicators of the effects of different management practices. The aims of this study were (i) to determine values of SOC and different fractions of SOC at different depths and positions in an Argiudoll of the Argentinian Pampas under NT, and (ii) to determine the relation between physical and chemical fractions of SOC. In an experimental plot located in Chascomús, we determined SOC content, humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), humins, coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (POCc and POCf) and mineral associated organic carbon (MOC), at different depths and in the row and inter-row. The content of SOC and different SOC fractions, as well as the contribution of each fraction to SOC showed a vertical variation. The contribution of HA and POCc (newer and more labile fractions) to SOC was larger in the surface than in deeper layers, while humins’ (older and more recalcitrant fraction) contribution to SOC increased with depth, and the contribution of FA, POCf and MOC to SOC remained relatively constant. There was no effect of row and inter-row in SOC content and composition. FA content was correlated to POCc, HA content to POCc and POCf and humins to MOC.

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Deuser, W. G. "Whither organic carbon?" Nature 332, no. 6163 (March 1988): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332396a0.

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Hábová, Magdalena, Lubica Pospíšilová, Petr Hlavinka, Miroslav Trnka, Gabriela Barančíková, Zuzana Tarasovičová, Jozef Takáč, Štefan Koco, Ladislav Menšík, and Pavel Nerušil. "Carbon pool in soil under organic and conventional farming systems." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (May 27, 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2018-swr.

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Changes in the agricultural management and climatic changes within the past 25 years have had a serious impact on soil organic matter content and contribute to different carbon storage in the soil. Prediction of soil carbon pool, validation, and quantification of different models is important for sustainable agriculture in the future and for this purpose a long-term monitoring data set is required. RothC-26.3 model was applied for carbon stock simulation within two different climatic scenarios (hot-dry with rapid temperature increasing and warm-dry with less rapid temperature increasing). Ten years experimental data set have been received from conventional and organic farming of experimental plots of Mendel University School Enterprise (locality Vatín, Czech-Moravian Highland). Average annual temperature in this area is 6.9°C, average annual precipitation 621 mm, and altitude 530 m above sea level. Soil was classified as Eutric Cambisol, sandy loam textured, with middle organic carbon content. Its cumulative potential was assessed as high. Results showed linear correlation between carbon stock and climatic scenario, and mostly temperature and type of soil management has influenced carbon stock. In spite of lower organic carbon inputs under organic farming this was less depending on climatic changes. Conventional farming showed higher carbon stock during decades 2000–2100 because of higher carbon input. Besides conventional farming was more affected by temperature.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organic carbon"

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Maluenda, Borderas Irene. "(N-heterocyclic carbene) : metal catalysed carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76274/.

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Rathod, J. B. "Synthetic explorations into carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond forming reactions." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, 2019. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5187.

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The thesis mainly deals with the explorations of homogeneous palladium and heterogeneous Ruthenium catalyzed Carbon–Nitrogen bond forming reaction of aryl halide with amine and alkyne with sodium azide and benzyl bromide. Heterogeneous palladium, Gold and Brønsted acid catalysed C-C bond forming reaction is investigated by using cross coupling and Michael addition reaction of p-Quinone methide with nucleophile. The work demonstrated in this thesis has been divided into three chapters
CSIR HRDG for fellowship
AcSIR

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Rene, Olivier. "Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Via Functionalization of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28864.

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In the past decade, significant advances have been made in the formation of Csp2-Csp 2 bonds by direct arylation. However, this process generally requires the use of forcing conditions at temperatures typically above 100 °C, which limits the substrate compatibility as well as large-scale applications. Inspired by the recent advances in the development of milder reaction conditions for the arylation of electon-rich arenes in an aqueous medium, we describe that such reactivity is also possible with electron-deficient polyfluorinated arenes at room temperature under biphasic conditions. Several examples are included, highlighting the application of this method to the preparation of a variety of biaryls using iodides bearing electron-poor, electron-rich and sterically encumbering substituents. Several polyfluoroarenes with different substitution patterns are also tolerated. In addition, the method can be extended to the arylation of halogenated thiophenes in a regioselective fashion. However, direct arylation conditions that are general for a broad variety of heterocyclic coupling partners are only sparsely reported and the use of a different set of conditions for each type of substrate remains the norm. As part of a program dedicated to the study of the direct arylation mechanism and the development of broadly applicable reaction conditions, we became interested in investigating the effect of electron-deficient biaryl-type phosphine ligands on the C-H bond cleavage step of this process under Pd(0) catalysis. Inspired by previous reports validating the efficiency of these types of ligands in intramomecular direct arylation, we have developed a new electron-deficient fluoroarylphosphine ligand that promotes C-H bond functionalization of a broad variety of heterocycles. The demonstrated ability of these types of ligands to facilitate the C-H bond cleavage step of this process has been assessed and experimental evidence suggests a concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism in the presence of an electrophilic metal center. Only recently, nonetheless, has attention been paid to the formation of Csp3-Csp2 bonds by the direct arylation strategy. As an alternative to the use of aliphatic halides as an entry point to a1kylpalladium(II) intermediates, we describe the use of a Heck-like cyclization of an aryl halide as a means of intercepting the key palladium(II) species, along with the first examples of domino Heck-arylation involving intermolecular capture with heterocyclic arenes via C-H bond cleavage. Several examples are presented, demonstrating the application of this method to the preparation of diverse dihydrobenzofurans, indolines and oxindoles substituted with sulfur-containing heterocycles such as thiazoles, thiophenes and benzothiophene.

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Nismy, Nasrul A. "Organic-carbon nanotube hybrid photovoltaics." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583325.

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The conversion of solar energy into electricity through the photovoltaic effect could be a viable approach to supply the global energy requirements with minimal detrimental effects on the enviromnent. Recent research on photovoltaics has focussed on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) which utilises organic materials due to their ease of processing, high light absorption coefficient and potential for low cost thin film device fabrication compared to its inorganic counterparts. The work presented in this Thesis is focussed on enhancing the photo-generated CUlTent of OPV s based on conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives through the incorporation of multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Initial studies focus on the identification of suitable conditions for the fabrication of efficient reference devices (photo-active layer composed of poly(3-hexylthiphene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (C6o-PCBM)) in order to observe any improvements upon addition of MWCNTs into the active layer. Deteriorated device characteristics are achieved with pristine MWCNTs (p- MWCNTs) incorporated P3HT:PCBM active layer devices due to the poor thin film morphology of the P3HT:p-MWCNTs:PCBM active layer films. This is identified as being due to the poor dispersion of nanotubes in organic solvents that hampers the formation of good interpenetrating networks at the nano-scale. Therefore, to improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in 1,2 dichlorobenzene (DCB) solvent acid functionalisation of MWCNTs is carried out. These dispersible acid functionalised MWCNTs (O-MWCNTs) in DCB are characterised by Raman and infrared spectroscopy, for verification of attachment of functional groups. An enhanced device performance is achieved through the incorporation of 0- MWCNTs in to the P3HT:PCBM system. Optimisation ofP3HT:0-MWCNTs:PCBM solar cells is observed to lead to devices with higher short circuit current densities (Jsc). Investigations towards understanding the enhancement of Jsc from P3HT:0- MWCNTs:PCBM is carried out through external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Higher EQE values of P3HT:O-MWCNTs:PCBM active layer devices, in particularly the higher collection probability in the blue and green region of the electromagnetic spectrum suggests an efficient charge separation at donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunction, reduced recombination, and improved charge carrier mobility as the reasons affecting the increase in the net photo-generated current. The Jsc is shown to increase from 8.0 mAcm-2 in the reference device to 8.34 mAcm-2 in the O-MWCNTs incorporated device. Furthermore, the drastic PL quenching suggests enhanced exciton dissociation in the system and is in agreement with the results achieved from EQE measurements. Analysis of these observations lead to the conclusion that O-MWCNTs are responsible for creating additional charge generating sites (exciton dissociation centres, EDCs) in the active layer. Favourable charge generation at P3HT/O- MWCNTs is observed due to the efficient exciton dissociation at the nano- heterojunction. A hypothesis of "O-MWCNTs as EDCs" is formulated on considering these observations and further investigation ofthe hybrid OPV system is carried out. The dielectric constant (ε) for the composite systems of P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:O- MWCNTs:PCBM are estimated from a space charge limited current (SCLC) model and compared. A 1.23 times increase in the e of P3HT:O-MWCNTs:PCBM composite compared to P3HT:PCBM indicates a lower Coulombic attraction which leads to a lower binding energy. Charge transport analysis conducted through a SCLC model is used to understand the effect of addition of the tertiary component to the existing system and hole mobility is estimated. The addition of O-MWCNTs is favourable in lowering the ε , minimising the exciton binding energy and enhancing the exciton dissociation process in the P3HT:O- MWCNTs:PCBM system. The Jsc achieved for this system is higher than the existing P3HT:PCBM system and the calculated higher hole mobility of this system supports the improved charge transport process. As a result of these achievements, the role of O-MWCNTs in the OPV system is recognised as beneficial for charge generation.

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Goh, Roland Ghim Siong. "Carbon nanotubes for organic electronics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/20849/1/Roland_Goh_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated the use of carbon nanotubes as active components in solution processible organic semiconductor devices. We investigated the use of functionalized carbon nanotubes in carbon nanotubes network transistors (CNNFET) and in photoactive composites with conjugated polymers. For CNNFETs, the objective was to obtain detailed understanding of the dependence of transistor characteristics on nanotubes bundle sizes, device geometry and processing. Single walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by grafting octadecylamine chains onto the tubes, which rendered them dispersible in organic solvents for solution processing. To investigate the dependence of electronic properties of carbon nanotubes networks on bundle size, we developed a centrifugal fractionation protocol that enabled us to obtain nanotube bundles of different diameters. The electronic properties of networks of nanotube bundles deposited from solution were investigated within a CNNFET device configuration. By comparing devices with different degree of bundling we elucidated the dependence of key device parameters (field effect mobility and on/off ratio) on bundle sizes. We further found that, in contrast to traditional inorganic transistors, the electronic properties of the CNNFETs were dominated by the channel rather than contact resistance. Specifically, the apparent mobility of our devices increased with decreasing channel length, suggesting that the charge transport properties of CNNFETs are bulk rather than contacts dominated. This meant that charge traps in the channel of the device had a significant effect on transport properties. We found that charge traps in the channel region introduced by adsorbed oxygen and silanol groups on the SiO2 surface were responsible for the dominant p-type conductance in as-fabricated devices. Based on this understanding, we demonstrated the p-type to n-type conversion of the transistor characteristics of CNNFETs by depositing nanotubes on electron-trapfree dielectric surfaces. Finally, by combining annealing and surface treatment, we fabricated CNNFETs with high n-type mobility of 6cm2/V.s. For polymer composites, the objective was to obtain detailed understanding of the interactions between carbon nanotubes and the conjugated polymer; a prerequisite for using these composites in organic electronic devices. We fabricated well dispersed nanotube/polymer composites by using functionalized carbon nanotubes and studied the effect of nanotubes addition on the photophysical properties of the technologically important conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Measurement of the photoluminescence efficiency of nanotubes/polymer composites showed that addition of 10wt% carbon nanotubes effectively quenched the polymer emission indicating close electronic interactions. This indicated that nanotubes/polymer composites have potential in organic photovoltaic or light-sensing devices. Further analysis of the steady-state photoluminescence spectra revealed that nanotube addition resulted in increased structural disorder in the polymer. The incorporation of structural disorder into the polymer with the addition of even a small amount of carbon nanotubes may be detrimental to charge transport. UV-vis adsorption studies revealed that one-dimensional templating of P3HT chains by nanotubes resulted in a red-shifted feature in the solutionstate optical adsorption spectra of P3HT. This suggested that presence of nanotube surface templates the polymer self-organisation to produce highly ordered coating of P3HT chains around the nanotube. In order to elucidate the nanoscale origin of this phenomenon, we performed detailed STM studies on individual nanotubes adsorbed with P3HT chains. Since carbon nanotubes can be considered as rolled up sheets of graphite, we also performed STM on P3HT chains assembly on graphite for comparison. For P3HT assembly on HOPG, we found that while 2D crystals were observed when P3HT was cast onto HOPG from dilute solution, a thicker and more disordered film resulted when cast from concentrated solutions and subsequent layers were more likely to align normal to an underlying monolayer of P3HT on the HOPG surface. STM studies of nanotube/polymer mixtures revealed that the P3HT chains are adsorbed on nanotubes surface in such a way that the thiophene and hexyl moieties of the polymer associated with the nanotube surface in identical manner to P3HT monolayer depositions on graphite. This resulted in the increased order as inferred from adsorption UV-Vis spectroscopy, where the polymer chains, which are otherwise prone to chain kinks and twists in solution, adopt a planar configuration when adsorbed onto the nanotube surface.

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Goh, Roland Ghim Siong. "Carbon nanotubes for organic electronics." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/20849/.

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This thesis investigated the use of carbon nanotubes as active components in solution processible organic semiconductor devices. We investigated the use of functionalized carbon nanotubes in carbon nanotubes network transistors (CNNFET) and in photoactive composites with conjugated polymers. For CNNFETs, the objective was to obtain detailed understanding of the dependence of transistor characteristics on nanotubes bundle sizes, device geometry and processing. Single walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by grafting octadecylamine chains onto the tubes, which rendered them dispersible in organic solvents for solution processing. To investigate the dependence of electronic properties of carbon nanotubes networks on bundle size, we developed a centrifugal fractionation protocol that enabled us to obtain nanotube bundles of different diameters. The electronic properties of networks of nanotube bundles deposited from solution were investigated within a CNNFET device configuration. By comparing devices with different degree of bundling we elucidated the dependence of key device parameters (field effect mobility and on/off ratio) on bundle sizes. We further found that, in contrast to traditional inorganic transistors, the electronic properties of the CNNFETs were dominated by the channel rather than contact resistance. Specifically, the apparent mobility of our devices increased with decreasing channel length, suggesting that the charge transport properties of CNNFETs are bulk rather than contacts dominated. This meant that charge traps in the channel of the device had a significant effect on transport properties. We found that charge traps in the channel region introduced by adsorbed oxygen and silanol groups on the SiO2 surface were responsible for the dominant p-type conductance in as-fabricated devices. Based on this understanding, we demonstrated the p-type to n-type conversion of the transistor characteristics of CNNFETs by depositing nanotubes on electron-trapfree dielectric surfaces. Finally, by combining annealing and surface treatment, we fabricated CNNFETs with high n-type mobility of 6cm2/V.s. For polymer composites, the objective was to obtain detailed understanding of the interactions between carbon nanotubes and the conjugated polymer; a prerequisite for using these composites in organic electronic devices. We fabricated well dispersed nanotube/polymer composites by using functionalized carbon nanotubes and studied the effect of nanotubes addition on the photophysical properties of the technologically important conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Measurement of the photoluminescence efficiency of nanotubes/polymer composites showed that addition of 10wt% carbon nanotubes effectively quenched the polymer emission indicating close electronic interactions. This indicated that nanotubes/polymer composites have potential in organic photovoltaic or light-sensing devices. Further analysis of the steady-state photoluminescence spectra revealed that nanotube addition resulted in increased structural disorder in the polymer. The incorporation of structural disorder into the polymer with the addition of even a small amount of carbon nanotubes may be detrimental to charge transport. UV-vis adsorption studies revealed that one-dimensional templating of P3HT chains by nanotubes resulted in a red-shifted feature in the solutionstate optical adsorption spectra of P3HT. This suggested that presence of nanotube surface templates the polymer self-organisation to produce highly ordered coating of P3HT chains around the nanotube. In order to elucidate the nanoscale origin of this phenomenon, we performed detailed STM studies on individual nanotubes adsorbed with P3HT chains. Since carbon nanotubes can be considered as rolled up sheets of graphite, we also performed STM on P3HT chains assembly on graphite for comparison. For P3HT assembly on HOPG, we found that while 2D crystals were observed when P3HT was cast onto HOPG from dilute solution, a thicker and more disordered film resulted when cast from concentrated solutions and subsequent layers were more likely to align normal to an underlying monolayer of P3HT on the HOPG surface. STM studies of nanotube/polymer mixtures revealed that the P3HT chains are adsorbed on nanotubes surface in such a way that the thiophene and hexyl moieties of the polymer associated with the nanotube surface in identical manner to P3HT monolayer depositions on graphite. This resulted in the increased order as inferred from adsorption UV-Vis spectroscopy, where the polymer chains, which are otherwise prone to chain kinks and twists in solution, adopt a planar configuration when adsorbed onto the nanotube surface.

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Gao, Qiang. "Optimizing carbon/carbon supercapacitors in aqueous and organic electrolytes." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872080.

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The objective of this work is to improve the energy density of carbon/carbon supercapacitors. For achieving this objective, two different strategies were followed depending on the electrolyte used: i) in aqueous electrolytes, our efforts were focused on extending the operating cell voltage by using neutral alkali sulfate solutions; ii) in organic electrolyte, the target was to improve the volumetric capacitance by setting a mild activation method able to produce a porous carbon with average pore size matching the ion size, while not enlarging the pores upon porosity development. A practical cell voltage of 1.8 V has been demonstrated by implementing aqueous alkali sulfates in symmetric carbon/carbon capacitors. It has been shown that the voltage is limited by a partial destructive electro-oxidation of the positive electrode. Such irreversible electro-oxidation could be mitigated by mild chemical oxidation of the active carbon material with hydrogen peroxide; consequently, the voltage could be further expanded up to 1.9 V. Even 2.0 V could be attained after mass balancing the electrodes in order to allow them to operate in their stability window. Finally, pouch-cells with carbon coating on stainless steel current collector were realized by using 2 mol L-1 Li2SO4 as electrolyte. An exceptional cycling stability at cell voltages up to 2.1 V was obtained during 10,000 cycles. Hence, the use of alkali sulfate electrolytes is a cost-effective alternative to organic electrolytes for producing environment friendly and safe carbon/carbon supercapacitors. Dense nanoporous carbons with pores fitting the dimension of ions of the Et4NBF4/acetonitrile organic electrolyte were obtained by high pressure oxidation of non-porous carbon at low temperature, followed by a thermal desorption to remove the surface groups and unblock pore entrances. The activation mechanism consisted in drilling the narrow pores existing initially in the char. Due to the low burn-off, the density of the electrodes was remarkably high allowing high volumetric capacitance values to be reached. This novel production method associates the advantages of environment friendly, cost-effective, high yield and low energy consumption characteristics.

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Nicholls, Julian Charles. "Carbon-carbon bond cleavage in agostic cobalt complexes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258557.

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Gilbert, M. "Carbon-carbon coupling reactions of organotransition metal complexes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235314.

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Dean, William Michael. "Sulfur(IV)-mediated carbon-carbon bond formation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34382/.

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This thesis details the development of methods for and application of the synthesis of carbon carbon bonds using organic sulfur(IV) chemistry. More specifically, the formation of C(sp2) C(sp3) and C(sp3) C(sp3) bonds is explored in detail. The necessity for this research stems from a correlation between a high proportion of sp3 centres in drug candidates, and their success in clinical trials. By facilitating the synthesis of drug candidates with higher fractions of sp3 hybridised carbon atoms, it is hoped that the rate of candidates proceeding through clinical trials may increase. The first topic addressed is the ligand coupling reactions of sulfoxides. In such reactions, the treatment of appropriately substituted sulfoxides with organometallic reagents forms C(sp2) C(sp3) coupling products via σ sulfurane intermediates. These reactions have the ability to excel where transition metal catalysed cross couplings fail; in the coupling of electron deficient (hetero)aromatic groups and alkyl groups. Very few reports have been published detailing the scope and utility of this reaction. The application of this methodology to the synthesis of diarylmethanes is explored in detail. Diarylmethanes are designated as privileged structures for the presence of these moieties in a vast array of diversely functional drug products. Investigation of the scope of the ligand coupling reaction allows for the elucidation of (hetero)aromatic moieties which can undergo this reaction. The depth of analysis in which the scope of benzylic substituents is studied allowed for the elucidation of previously unreported trends, which have been assigned to steric and electronic characteristics of the σ sulfurane intermediates. This knowledge gained is applied to the synthesis of both enantiomerically enriched diarylmethanes and well known drug products. Further exploration of the scope of ligand coupling reactions focusses on the coupling of α functionalised alkyl groups. Remarkable success is found in this completely unexplored area. Benzylic ethers, carbamates and halides are synthesised through a combination of inter molecular and intra molecular ligand coupling reactions. It is proposed that these reactions would be suitable for use in the synthesis of natural products to prove their utility. A newly-discovered sulfoxide homologation is detailed, which occurs upon reaction of sulfenate by products with the aforementioned benzylic halides, both synthesised by a ligand coupling reaction. This is particularly interesting since a similar homologated sulfoxide is found in the substructure of omeprazole, a blockbuster proton pump inhibitor. The second topic addressed is the synthesis of (±)-TAN1251A. The envisaged route proceeds through a novel palladium catalysed [3+2] cycloaddition of sulfinimines, forming methylene pyrrolidines. Previous work focussed on the use of this methodology to produce a diamine, mono-protected as a sulfonamide. A key aspect of the research presented in this thesis is the formation of the C ring of the spiro fused 1,4 diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety. Initial investigations focus on the synthesis of a pyruvic acid fragment to react with the aforementioned diamine. This concept is developed into the use of pyruvic acid synthetic equivalents: azlactones. A late stage intermediate is produced, however formation of the C ring from this intermediate is not observed. Synthesis is hampered by the deprotection of the sulfonamide, which forms several by-products under the strongly acidic conditions required. A revised retrosynthesis proposes that early deprotection of the diamine sulfonamide would prevent complications. The use of a simplified fragment to facilitate C ring formation is devised, comprising of an α-haloketone. Synthesis of the unprotected diamine is accelerated by serendipity, where a reductive amination also effects the elimination of a sulfinyl group. Formation of an α haloketone fragment is found to be troublesome, however synthesis via the natural product chavicol provides the required functionality. A wide variety of conditions are examined to effect the combination of these fragments. While coupling of the fragments is successful in providing another late-stage intermediate of (±) TAN1251A, formation of the desired C ring is not achieved. Finally, the potential to effect an enantioselective synthesis of (±)-TAN1251A is confirmed using a chiral sulfinamide to direct diastereoselective ketone reduction.

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Books on the topic "Organic carbon"

1

Arenillas, Ana, J. Angel Menéndez, Gudrun Reichenauer, Alain Celzard, Vanessa Fierro, Francisco José Maldonado Hodar, Esther Bailόn-Garcia, and Nathalie Job. Organic and Carbon Gels. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13897-4.

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Carbon-Capture by Metal-Organic Framework Materials. Millersville, PA: Materials Research Forum LLC, 2020.

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Blashfield, Jean F. Carbon. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999.

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Blashfield, Jean F. Carbon. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999.

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Smith, W. Soil degradation risk indicator: Organic carbon component. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1997.

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M, Roberts Stanley, ed. Metal catalysed carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley, 2004.

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Cussion, Sylvia. Dissolved organic carbon and total organic carbon in reagent water and effluent: Report. [Toronto]: Quality Management Office, Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1992.

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Kaplan, Louis A. Assimilable organic carbon measurement techniques. Denver, CO: The Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1993.

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Giese, Bernd. Radicals in organic synthesis: Formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Oxford: Pergamon, 1986.

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Giese, Bernd. Radicals in organic synthesis: Formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Elkins Park, PA: Franklin, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organic carbon"

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Reitner, Joachim, and Volker Thiel. "Organic Carbon." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 697. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_266.

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Allison, L. E. "Organic Carbon." In Agronomy Monographs, 1367–78. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c39.

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Nelson, D. W., and L. E. Sommers. "Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter." In SSSA Book Series, 961–1010. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c34.

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Nelson, D. W., and L. E. Sommers. "Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter." In Agronomy Monographs, 539–79. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c29.

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Hardison, Amber K., and Elizabeth A. Canuel. "Carbon (Organic, Cycling)." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 230–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_45.

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Petsch, Steven T. "Carbon (Organic, Degradation)." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 234–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_46.

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Carey, Francis A., and Richard J. Sundberg. "Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds." In Advanced Organic Chemistry, 167–218. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9797-7_4.

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Ragan, John A. "Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds." In Practical Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 167–235. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118093559.ch3.

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Yamamoto, Yoshihiko, and Kenji Itoh. "Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations via Ruthenacycle Intermediates." In Ruthenium in Organic Synthesis, 95–128. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603832.ch4.

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Norman, Richard, and James M. Coxon. "Formation of carbon—carbon bonds: organometallic reagents." In Principles of Organic Synthesis, 184–205. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2166-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organic carbon"

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Taliani, C. "Organic spintronics." In The Third International Seminar on Advances in Carbon Electronics. IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040533.

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Godec, Richard G., Paul P. Kosenka, Brian D. Smith, Richard S. Hutte, Johanna Vincze Webb, and Richard L. Sauer. "Total Organic Carbon Analyzer." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911434.

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Georgakilas, Vasilios. "Organic Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes." In STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES: XVI International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1514077.

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Tasis, Dimitrios. "Organic Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes." In MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES: XVII International Winterschool Euroconference on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1628035.

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Godec, Richard D., Paul P. Kosenka, and Richard S. Hutte. "New Total Organic Carbon Analyzer." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/901354.

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Li, Yinghui, and Hui Pu. "Modeling Study on CO₂ Capture and Storage in Organic-Rich Shale." In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/439561-ms.

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Li, Wei, Xiao Liang, Qiangliang Zhao, Jianguo Lin, and Deqiang Yin. "Effects of Organic Carbon and Nitrite on Simultaneous Organic Carbon, Sulfide, Nitrate and Nitrite Removal." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515542.

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Davenport, Ronald J., Kurt Thoresen, John E. Straub, and Richard L. Sauer. "Total Organic Carbon Analyzer For ISS." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/981765.

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Hoogakker, Babette, Caroline Anderson, Helen Grant, Claire Mahaffey, Sabena Blackbird, Erin McClymont, Rosalind Rickaby, Alex Poulton, and Victoria Peck. "Organic carbon isotopes of planktic foraminifera." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7047.

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Yanhong, Xu, He Yuxin, Sun Yongge, and Pang Jiali. "The Contribution from Particulate Organic Carbon (Poc) to Dissolved Organic Carbon (Doc) in Eutrophic Lake Taihu, China." In 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902927.

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Reports on the topic "Organic carbon"

1

Coble, Paula. Distribution and Cycling of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Colored Dissolved Organic Carbon on the West Florida Shelf. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628308.

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Coble, Paula. Distribution and Cycling of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Colored Dissolved Organic Carbon on the West Florida Shelf. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573071.

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Zinke, P. J., A. G. Stangenberger, W. M. Post, W. R. Emanual, and J. S. Olson. Worldwide organic soil carbon and nitrogen data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543663.

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Stephen Milburn, Stephen Milburn. Testing Additive Profiles for Organic Carbon Capture. Experiment, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/30954.

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Hoffman, F. Retardation of volatile organic compounds in ground water in low organic carbon sediments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/39598.

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Toth, J. J., C. E. Willingham, P. G. Heasler, and P. D. Whitney. Organic carbon in Hanford single-shell tank waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10151060.

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Davisson, M. L. Isotope tracers of organic carbon during artificial recharge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/645065.

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Toth, J. J., C. E. Willingham, P. G. Heasler, and P. D. Whitney. Organic carbon in Hanford single-shell tank waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10116283.

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Daniel J. Repeta. Seqestration of dissolved organic carbon in the deep sea. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908226.

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Baumann, T., and J. Herberg. Metal-Containing Organic and Carbon Aerogels for Hydrogen Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15014210.

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