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Journal articles on the topic 'Organi urogenitali'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Curlewis, JD, and GM Stone. "Effects of Oestradiol, the Oestrous Cycle and Pregnancy on Weight, Metabolism and Cytosol Receptors in the Oviduct and Vaginal Complex of the Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 40, no. 3 (1987): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9870315.

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Weight, RNA, DNA and protein content of the oviduct, vaginal cul-de-sac, lateral vagina and urogenital sinus and oestradiol and progesterone cytosol receptor concentrations in vaginal cul-de-sac, lateral vagina and urogenital sinus were examined after administration of oestradiol to ovariectomized animals and on days 0, 5, 9 and 13 of the non-pregnant cycle and on day 13 of the pregnant cycle. In ovariectomized animals, oestradiol induced an increase in weight, RNA: DNA and protein: DNA ratios and a decrease in DNA: tissue weight ratio for each organ and in addition an increase in total DNA in vaginal cul-de-sac and urogenital sinus. There was no effect of oestradiol on oestradiol cytosol receptor concentration but there was a significant increase in progesterone cytosol receptor concentration in all organs that were examined.
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2

Kurniati, Hellen, and Ni Luh Putu Rischa Phadmacanty. "Macro and Micro-anatomy of Tokay Gecko’s Reproduction Organs and Growth of External Body in Support on Reproduction Activities (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gekko gecko)." Jurnal Veteriner 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2021.22.3.429.

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Tokay gecko, Gekko gecko is an oviparous lizard that is distributed very widely in tropical Asia. The sexual maturity stage of tokay gecko does not have seasonal reproductive activity; they reproduce along the year. The study on the reproduction organ and growth of external morphology of tokay gecko is the first contribution to further scientific information. Gonadal micro-anatomy that were shown by histology and macro-anatomy to include the sex accessories could be demonstrated in this lizard as a criteria for the reproductive activity of urogenital organs. Males and females tokay gecko have simple urogenital track systems and also the males have simple hemipenis morphology. Testes position inside the male body is not symmetric, in the right testis is always in a higher position than left testis. Based on analysis of the measurement of the posterior part of the body, the width of cloaca, width of base tail and length of hind limb increase asymptotic growth on snout to vent length (SVL) SVL?130 mm for females, and SVL?150 mm for males. Asymptotic growth in the posterior part of the male and female body is a form of co-evolution, besides the male urogenital organs and the female reproductive system which also support co-evolution in the reproductive organs.
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3

Kadyrov, Z. A. Kadyrov, V. N. Stepanov Stepanov, M. V. Faniev Faniev, and S. V. Ramishvili Ramishvili. "Microbiota of the urogenital organs." Urologiia 1_2020 (March 18, 2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/urology.2020.1.116-120.

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4

Jamhari, Muhammad Arif Hakim, Mohammad Ayodhia Soebadi, and Johan Renaldo. "Urogenital Fistula Patients Profile at a Tertiary Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia from 2015 to 2021." Folia Medica Indonesiana 58, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v58i3.34903.

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Highlights: Vesicovaginal fistula is the most common urogenital fistula. The transvaginal approach is preferred in treating urogenital fistula. Abstract: A fistula is an extra-anatomical channel between two or more hollow organs, or between an organ and the body surface. WHO estimated there were two million patients with untreated urogenital fistula, with 130,000 new cases every year. The ideal approach for urogenital fistula depends on surgeon preference and individual clinical characteristics. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the profile of patients with a urogenital fistula at a tertiary hospital of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2015 to 2021. A retrospective study with a descriptive design was carried out by medical records data retrieval of patients with urogenital fistula. It included age, etiology, anatomical location, surgical management, and recurrence rate. The study population consisted of 55 patients. The majority of the patients were among the 41-50 y.o. age groups (41.17%), while the least were in the <20 years group (1.96%). History of obstructed labor was the most common etiology (70.59%). Fistulas in the study population were also associated with a history of trauma (15.68%) and malignancy (11.76%). The vesicovaginal fistula was the most common type of fistula (88.23%). Other types found include urethrovaginal, ureterovaginal, rectovesical, rectovaginal, and vesicocolon fistulas. The transvaginal approach was preferred in almost all study populations. A total of two cases of vesicovaginal fistula recurred (3.39%). In general, patients with urogenital fistula are prevalent in the 4th decade age group, with the most common etiology being a history of obstructed labor. Transvaginal surgery is the treatment of choice with good results and low recurrence rates.
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Berg, Elena K., Dirk-André Clevert, Maria Apfelbeck, Christian G. Stief, and Michael Chaloupka. "Sonografie der urogenitalen Organe." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 164, no. 21-22 (December 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15006-022-2073-7.

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6

Gadelkareem, Rabea A., Ahmed A. Shahat, Mohamed F. Abdelhafez, Ahmed Reda, and Mahmoud Khalil. "Experience of a Tertiary-Level Urology Center in the Clinical Urological Events of Rare and Very Rare Incidence. II. Urological Self-Inflicted Harms: 1. Unintentional Patient's Side-Inflictor Urological Injuries." Current Urology 12, no. 2 (2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489423.

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Introduction: Unintentional self-inflicted injuries mainly refer to those injuries which are inflicted by the patient himself with benign intentions. In urology, they may vary and result in significant morbidities. Patients and Methods: A retrospective search of our patients' data records for the reported cases of patient's side-inflictor urological injuries during the period July 2006 - June 2016 was made. Each case was studied for age, gender, primary diagnosis, injury inflictor, involved organ, motivating factor, mechanism, diagnosis, management, and final outcome. Results: Of more than 55,000 urological procedures, 26 patients (0.047%) were involved in unintentional patient's side-inflictor urological injuries. The age range was 8-76 years and included 23 males and 3 females. Fifteen patients (57.7%) had urological disorders before the injury. They could be differentiated into direct organ involvement injuries (53.8%) and catheter involvement injuries (46.2%). External male urogenital organs were involved in 69.3% of cases which were diagnosed on physical examination. The inflictor of the injury was the patient himself, a relative, and another patient in 73.1, 19.2, and 7.7% of cases, respectively. Motivating factors were relief of painful conditions (34.6%), psychiatric disorders (38.5%), and sexual purposes (27%). Final outcomes were short-term harm, long-term harm, and permanent disability in 50, 11.5, and 38.5% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: Unintentional patient's side-inflictor urological injuries are very rare events and mainly involve the external male urogenital organs under different motivating stressors. They could be differen-tiated into direct organ and catheter manipulation injuries with variable final outcomes from mild short-term harms to permanent disabilities.
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7

Meneguolo, M., G. D'incà, S. Guatelli, G. N. Drei, and S. Guazzieri. "Urogenital Trauma. Our Experience." Urologia Journal 65, no. 1_suppl (January 1998): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039806501s20.

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The authors describe their experience over 10 years regarding the treatment of 131 patients with injury to their urogenital organs. The work highlights the different diagnostic and therapeutic approach between patients with multiple injuries and those with just one. Conclusions are given after reviewing the type of injuries and relevant treatment.
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8

Bajaj, S. P., Sujata Pande, Imran Ahmad, and Savita Arora. "Abdominoperineal electrical injury involving urogenital organs." Burns 26, no. 7 (November 2000): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(00)00031-0.

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9

Burlend, T. H. "The Urogenital Organs of Chimœra monstrosa." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 80, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 510–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb01900.x.

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10

Mushonga, Borden, Sylvine Twiyizeyimna, Gervais Habarugira, Erick Kandiwa, Simbarashe Chinyoka, Alaster Samkange, and Alec Bishi. "Study of Incidence of Gross Urogenital Lesions and Abnormalities on Does Slaughtered at Nyagatare Slaughterhouse, Eastern Province, Rwanda." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017 (December 3, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7564019.

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Reproductive and urinary tract abnormalities are a cause of infertility, reproductive inefficiency, and economic losses in goats. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and nature of reproductive and urinary tract abnormalities encountered in female goats slaughtered at Nyagatare abattoir in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. Reproductive and urinary organs from 369 female goat carcasses were opened by incision and then given a thorough macroscopic examination by visually inspecting and palpating for evidence of abnormalities. The results showed that there was an overall occurrence of 7.8% reproductive organ/tract abnormalities and 10.6% urinary organ/tract abnormalities. Ovarian hypoplasia was the reproductive abnormality with the highest overall occurrence (32.3%) and renal calculi were the urinary organ abnormality with the highest occurrence (38.1%). 95.2% of the reproductive organ/tract abnormalities observed usually result in infertility and 91.3% of the urinary organ/tract abnormalities observed result in economic losses through condemnation of kidneys at slaughter. The high incidence of the observed urinary organ/tract abnormalities represents a potential public health challenge. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of reproductive organ/tract abnormalities according to breed (p>0.05, n=31). There was also no significant difference in the occurrence of urinary organ abnormalities according to breed (p>0.05, n=42).
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11

Ninkovi??, Milomir, and Werner Dabernig. "Flap technology for reconstructions of urogenital organs." Current Opinion in Urology 13, no. 6 (November 2003): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042307-200311000-00011.

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12

Abuduev, N. K., K. I. Plakhova, A. B. Rubtsov, M. M. Vasiliev, O. A. Burtsev, and G. L. Katunin. "Retrospective analysis of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in patients in a metropolis." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 20, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9588-2017-20-1-53-58.

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Objective: to evaluate the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), in patients of State Research Center of dermatology and cosmetology Russian Ministry of Health in comparison with indicators of morbidity in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the structure appeals to the department of infectious urogenital diseases of Russian Ministry of Health for the period from 2011 to 2015. Results. The result of the department of sexually transmitted infections of State Scientific Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetologymost frequently recorded patients with anogenital (venereal) warts, syphilis and chlamydial infection. Moreover, the majority of women (52%) identified inflammatory diseases of the vagina, vulva, cervix and changes cervical mucosa. It was found that in Moscow and among patients of State Scientific Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology regardless of sex the most common diseases are anogenital (venereal) warts, while in Russia and Central Federal District -urogenitalny trichomoniasis. Significant prevalence of HPV infection, in view of oncological vigilance and frequent combination with inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, demonstrates the need for prevention of infection among the active population and the fast development of effective methods of early diagnosis and therapy.
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13

Wu, Xinyu, Garrett Daniels, Ellen Shapiro, Kun Xu, Hongying Huang, Yirong Li, Susan Logan, et al. "LEF1 Identifies Androgen-Independent Epithelium in the Developing Prostate." Molecular Endocrinology 25, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2010-0513.

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Abstract Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (LEF)1 is a major mediator and a target in canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Interactions between the androgen receptor (AR) and canonical Wnt pathways have been implicated in the development of the genitourinary organs. Here, we investigated the localization and role of LEF1-positive cells during development of the prostate gland in human and in the murine model. We show that during human prostate development, LEF1 is restricted to the basal epithelial layer of the urogenital sinus. During mouse development, Lef1 is also present in the urogenital mesenchyme in addition to the basal epithelial layer of the urogenital sinus. In the course of elongation and branching of the prostatic ducts, Lef1 is localized to the proliferating epithelium at the distal tips of the buds. Notably, during branching morphogenesis, domains of Lef1 and AR are mutually exclusive. We further employed the TOPGAL reporter strain to examine the dynamics of Wnt signaling in the context of prostate regression upon a 7-d treatment with a competitive AR inhibitor, bicalutamide. We found that Wnt/Lef1-positive basal cells are not dependent upon androgen for survival. Furthermore, upon bicalutamide treatment, Wnt/Lef1-positive basal progenitors repopulated the luminal compartment. We conclude that Wnt/Lef1 activity identifies an androgen-independent population of prostate progenitors, which is important for embryonic development and organ maintenance and regeneration in the adult.
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14

Pechriggl, Elisabeth Judith, Nicole Concin, Michael J. Blumer, Mario Bitsche, Marit Zwierzina, Jozsef Dudas, Katarzyna Koziel, Peter Altevogt, Alain-Gustave Zeimet, and Helga Fritsch. "L1CAM in the Early Enteric and Urogenital System." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 65, no. 1 (November 12, 2016): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155416677241.

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L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a transmembrane molecule belonging to the L1 protein family. It has shown to be a key player in axonal guidance in the course of neuronal development. Furthermore, L1CAM is also crucial for the establishment of the enteric and urogenital organs and is aberrantly expressed in cancer originating in these organs. Carcinogenesis and embryogenesis follow a lot of similar molecular pathways, but unfortunately, comprehensive data on L1CAM expression and localization in human developing organs are lacking so far. In the present study we, therefore, examined the spatiotemporal distribution of L1CAM in the early human fetal period (weeks 8–12 of gestation) by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). In the epithelia of the gastrointestinal organs, L1CAM localization cannot be observed in the examined stages most likely due to their advanced polarization and differentiation. Despite these results, our ISH data indicate weak L1CAM expression, but only in few epithelial cells. The genital tracts, however, are distinctly L1CAM positive throughout the entire fetal period. We, therefore, conclude that in embryogenesis L1CAM is crucial for further differentiation of epithelia.
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15

Nadifah, Fitri, Wayan Tunas Artama, Budi Setiadi Daryono, and Endah Retnaningrum. "Lactobacillus Composed Urinary Microbiome of Healthy People and Urinary Tract Infection Patients." Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton 8, no. 4 (November 28, 2022): 1126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v8i4.2196.

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Lactobacillus has long been known to reconstruct the microbiome of the urogenital organs of healthy people. However, changes in lactobacillus abundance are known occurring in urogenital tract infections (UTI) patients. It is also known that there are Lactobacillus species that have specific genomic characteristics and nutritional requirements that cause them to turn into pathogens. Understanding population characteristics and taxa composition that reconstruct urine microbiome is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of urogenital infections. This review provides an update information of metagenomic sequencing to identify the urinary microbiome profile and the role of lactobacilli in healthy and UTI patients.
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Hyuga, Taiju, Mellissa Alcantara, Daiki Kajioka, Ryuma Haraguchi, Kentaro Suzuki, Shinichi Miyagawa, Yoshiyuki Kojima, Yutaro Hayashi, and Gen Yamada. "Hedgehog Signaling for Urogenital Organogenesis and Prostate Cancer: An Implication for the Epithelial–Mesenchyme Interaction (EMI)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010058.

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Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is an essential growth factor signaling pathway especially in the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions (EMI) during the development of the urogenital organs such as the bladder and the external genitalia (EXG). The Hh ligands are often expressed in the epithelia, affecting the surrounding mesenchyme, and thus constituting a form of paracrine signaling. The development of the urogenital organ, therefore, provides an intriguing opportunity to study EMI and its relationship with other pathways, such as hormonal signaling. Cellular interactions of prostate cancer (PCa) with its neighboring tissue is also noteworthy. The local microenvironment, including the bone metastatic site, can release cellular signals which can affect the malignant tumors, and vice versa. Thus, it is necessary to compare possible similarities and divergences in Hh signaling functions and its interaction with other local growth factors, such as BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) between organogenesis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, this review will discuss two pertinent research aspects of Hh signaling: (1) the potential signaling crosstalk between Hh and androgen signaling; and (2) the effect of signaling between the epithelia and the mesenchyme on the status of the basement membrane with extracellular matrix structures located on the epithelial–mesenchymal interface.
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Telenkov, Vladimir N. "THE UROGENITAL APPARATUS ORGANS MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF RABBITS." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 12 (2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2021-12-167-173.

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18

Ahmed, Abdelkareem A., Hassan H. Musa, Amal Z. Sifaldin, and Taha H. Musa. "Epigenetic events in male common urogenital organs cancer." Journal of Cancer Research and Practice 3, no. 4 (December 2016): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrpr.2016.06.004.

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19

Dyudyun, A. D., and N. M. Polion. "Microbiologic picture of microflora of female urogenital organs." Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives) 21, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2016.1.63491.

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20

Aiziatulov, R., and E. Aiziatulova. "Epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of urogenital candidiasis in women." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(142) (July 29, 2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.142.52.

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The objective: to review and analyze thematic publications on the study of epidemiology, pathogenesis of urogenital candidiasis in women. To increase the effectiveness of complex therapy of urogenital candidiasis in women with the use of anti-mycotic drugs of general and local action. Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 23 women with urogenital candidiasis aged 21 to 45 years was conducted. Anamnestic data were studied and laboratory research methods were performed. Clinical diagnosis was based on identifying the totality of signs of the disease, which included recurrent pain in the area the appendages, menstrual dysfunction, vaginal discharge, periodic exacerbations of the disease. Results. Patients diagnosed with urogenital candidiasis and candidates are subject to mandatory therapy as potential sources of infection and autoinfection of the urogenital organs. It is necessary to treat sexual partners in a timely manner. An important medical problem is the improvement of treatment methods. It is necessary to pay special attention to urogenital candidal infection in view of the development of severe complications and the effect on the reproductive function of women. Conclusions. Comprehensive treatment of candidal infections of the urogenital tract in women using systemic antifungal drugs (Futsis, Eszol) and local drugs (Сlofan suppositories) is effective, does not cause side effects, and can be widely used by practitioners in practical health care, which will help reduce the number of relapses and more quickly recovery of patients. Key words: urogenital candidiasis, women, etiopathogenesis, clinic, treatment.
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21

Damaser, M. S., C. Whitbeck, P. Chichester, and R. M. Levin. "Effect of vaginal distension on blood flow and hypoxia of urogenital organs of the female rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01071.2004.

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Vaginal delivery of children causes traumatic injury to tissues of the pelvic floor and is correlated with stress urinary incontinence; however, the exact mechanism of organ and tissue injury leading to incontinence development is unknown. The purpose of this project was to test the hypothesis that vaginal distension results in decreased blood flow to, and hypoxia of, the urogenital organs responsible for continence, which would suggest an ischemic and/or reperfusion mechanism of injury. Thirteen female rats underwent vaginal distension for 1 h. Thirteen age-matched rats were sham-distended controls. Blood flow to the bladder, urethra, and vagina were determined using a microsphere technique. Hypoxia of these organs was determined by immunohistochemistry. Blood flow to all three organs was significantly decreased just before release of vaginal distension. Bladder blood flow decreased further immediately after release of vaginal distension and continued to be significantly decreased 15 min after the release. Blood flow to both the urethra and vagina tripled immediately after release, inducing a rapid return to normal values. Vaginal distension resulted in extensive smooth muscle hypoxia of the bladder, as well as extensive hypoxia of the vaginal epithelium and urethral hypoxia. Bladders from sham-distended rats demonstrated urothelial hypoxia as well as focal hypoxic areas of the detrusor muscle. We have clearly demonstrated that vaginal distension results in decreased blood flow to, and hypoxia of, the bladder, urethra, and vagina, supportive of hypoxic injury as a possible mechanism of injury leading to stress urinary incontinence.
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Saputera, Bayu, and Heru Prasetya. "Number of Urogenital Disorders Visits in The Emergency Room of dr. H. Andi Abdurrahman Noor General Hospital." Berkala Kedokteran 16, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v16i1.8345.

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Abstract: In urology, urogenital disorders include all male and female urinary tract and male genital organ abnormalities. These disorders can be an infections, blockages due to foreign bodies, dysfunction due to pathological or degenerative processes, trauma, neoplasms, or congenital disorders. This research was a retrospective descriptive study to determine the number of patient visits with urogenital disorders. The place of this research was ER of DHAAN General Hospital, Tanah Bumbu District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The research data was taken from data on new patient visits to the ER in 2017. The number of patient visits with urinary tract disorders was 475 cases: male 57.1% and female 42.9%. The most cases based on the type of disorder was UTI (38.9%), second was urolithiasis (25.3%), and third was CKD (23.4%). While the number of patient visits with male genital disorders was 79 cases. Most cases was BPE (86.1%). Knowing the number of patient visits with urogenital disorders will make the clinicians be directed in preparing themselves for urogenital emergencies in their respective health services. Keywords: DHAAN, number of visits, urogenital disorders, urology.
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23

Musci, R., T. Meroni, M. Andres, O. De Cobelli, P. Larcher, and V. Franchini. "Kidney and Ureteral Disease during HIV Infection." Urologia Journal 59, no. 2 (April 1992): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039205900211.

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Infection by Hiv virus affects the urogenital system in a minor percentage of cases in comparison to other organs such as the lungs, the central nervous system and the haemolymphopoietic system. In recent years however, with the continued spread of the disease, also urologists find themselves dealing with various urogenital pathologies that are presented in seropositive or fully-blown Aids patients. The Authors present their experience and describe the problems correlated to dealing with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients that are affected with urological pathologies.
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24

Shoar, Saeed, Siamak Khavandi, Elsa Tabibzadeh, Aydin Vaez, Ali Khabbazi Oskouei, Fatemeh Hosseini, Mohammad Naderan, and Nasrin Shoar. "A Late COVID-19 Complication: Male Sexual Dysfunction." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 6 (September 22, 2020): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20001223.

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AbstractSince the beginning of the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an exponentially large amount of data has been published to describe the pathology, clinical presentations, and outcomes in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although COVID-19 has been shown to cause a systemic inflammation predisposing the involvement of multiple organs, its mechanism affecting the urogenital system has not been well-documented. This case report presents the clinical course of two male patients with COVID-19 who developed sexual dysfunction, as anorgasmia, following recovery from the infection. Although no evidence of viral replication or inflammatory involvement could be identified in these cases’ urogenital organs, a lack of other known risk factors for anorgasmia points to the role of COVID-19 as the contributing factor.
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Chunxi, Li, Liu Haiyue, Lin Yanxia, Pan Jianbing, and Su Jin. "The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (July 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2340670.

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Human body surfaces, such as the skin, intestines, and respiratory and urogenital tracts, are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with the gut being the most densely and extensively colonized organ. The microbiome plays an essential role in immune system development and tissue homeostasis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis not only modulates the immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but also impacts the immunity of distal organs, such as the lung, further affecting lung health and respiratory diseases. Here, we review the recent evidence of the correlations and underlying mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and common respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, and respiratory infection, and probiotic development as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
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26

Iizuka-Kogo, A., T. Ishidao, T. Akiyama, and T. Senda. "Abnormal development of urogenital organs in Dlgh1-deficient mice." Development 134, no. 9 (March 21, 2007): 1799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.02830.

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27

Azmi, Yufi Aulia, and Johan Renaldo. "Management and Outcome of Urogenital Trauma in Tertiary Hospital: The 8-Year’s Experience in Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (February 24, 2022): 1502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8422.

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Introduction: The current economy, technology, and civilization's development have indirectly increased the incidence of traffic accidents, and urogenital trauma occurs in 10-20% of trauma patients. We decided to conduct this study to determine the incidence, severity, and outcome of urogenital trauma treatment at Dr Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Material and Method: This study used an analytic observational study with a retrospective design. From 2013 to 2020, all medical record data of patients with urogenital trauma treated at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya were collected and analyzed. Result: We collected 196 subjects with urogenital trauma who were treated for a period of 8 years. The most common type of trauma in urogenital trauma patients was kidney trauma, as many as 82 cases. Most of the cases were traffic accident cases, 184 patients and most of them with abdominal-pelvic trauma with 189 findings. Conservative management was most often performed, as many as 128 procedures. The outcome after receiving treatment was found to be that 27 patients died (13.8%) and 11 patients (6.5%) had a disability. Abdominal trauma was associated with external genitalia, urethra, and renal trauma (p < 0.05). External genitalia, urethra, bladder, and renal trauma were all associated with pelvic trauma (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most cases were caused by accidents, and the kidney was the most commonly involved organ. Cases of urogenital trauma are often associated with multiple trauma, especially abdominal trauma, so it is important to evaluate the urogenital tract when related to accidents involving the abdominal region
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Hartatik, Hartatik. "Diagnosa Penyakit Pulmonary Tuberculosis Dan Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Menggunakan Algoritma Certainty Factor (CF)." CSRID (Computer Science Research and Its Development Journal) 8, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22303/csrid.8.1.2016.11-24.

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<p><em>Penyakit Tuberculosis tidak hanya menyerang bagian pernapasan paru-paru (disebut Pulmonary Tuberculosis) saja seperti anggapan kebanyakan orang, namun juga dapat menyerang organ tubuh lain seperti otak (Miningitis Tuberculosis), kalenjar getah bening (Lymphedenopathy Tuberculosis), paru-paru bagian luar (Pleyrisy Tuberculosis), kulit (Miliary Tuberculosis), tulang (Spin of Tuberculosis), dan saluran urogenital (Urogenital Tuberculosis).Algoritma yang digunakan dalam melakukan diagnosa adalah Algoritma Certainty Factor. Penyakit yang akan didiagnosa berjumlah 6 yaitu Pulmonary TB, TB Miningitis, TB Lymphadenopathy, TB Pleurisy, TB of The Spine, dan Urogenital TB. Sedangkan jumlah gejala yang akan ditanyakan ke user sebanyak 31. Jumlah aturan yang tersimpan dalam knowledge base nya sejumlah 52 aturan. Hasil dari aplikasi yang dibuat didapatkan suatu kesimpulan yang sama dengan perhitungan manual menggunakan rumus certainty factor.</em></p>
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Popkov, A. V. "Local estrogens in the treatment of vaginal atrophy." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 5(141) (June 29, 2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.141.38.

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Menopausal urogenital syndrome (MMC), formerly known as vulvovaginal atrophy, atrophic vaginitis, or urogenital atrophy, is characterized by clinical symptoms secondary to their clinical manifestation. Genitourinary syndrome during menopause is a hypoestrogenic condition with consequences that affect the condition of the external genital organs, have an impact on sex life and the work of the urinary organs. In one way or another, the symptoms of MMC are manifested in a large number of women: they are noted by approximately 15% of women who were interviewed during the premenopausal period and about 40–54% of the patients during the postmenopausal period. In connection with life expectancy, which is increasing worldwide, this group of women will also expand at the expense of a group of patients over 65 years old, whose share will be 1/6 of the population by the next decade of the 21st century. Thus, MMS is a complex disease, the presence of which is necessary for professionals to know in order to inform the patient in time in order to avoid long-term risks. Selection of therapy is always a balance between eliminating a medical problem, taking into account the risk profile for patients and improving their quality of life. Key words: menopausal urogenital syndrome, atrophic vaginitis, urinary incontinence, chronic cystitis, local estrogens.
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Antropova, E. Yu, B. M. Sharafutdinov, M. I. Mazitova, S. A. Ryzhkin, I. V. Abdul’yanov, and Ya V. Prokop’ev. "Organ-preserving approach to the treatment of patients with uterine fibroids and congenital anomaly of the urinary system (a clinical case)." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 5, no. 4 (2022): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-4-320-325.

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Congenital anomalies of the urogenital system constitute approximately 20 to 30% of all birth defects. Renal dystopia means a congenital abnormal location of one or both kidneys. The authors present a clinical case report, demonstrating the efficacy of uterine artery embolization as an alternative method of treatment for patients with uterine fibroids and renal dystopia. Uterine artery embolization is not only an organ- preserving treatment option for women who wish to retain the reproductive organ but also offers a clear visualization of the individual anatomical variations. Taking into consideration a strong patient’s wish to preserve the uterus and her individual vascular anomalies (absence of the left uterine and renal arteries), uterine artery embolization was an alternative treatment option which enabled to preserve both the uterus and the left kidney. The scheduled examination findings demonstrated a 1.87-fold reduction of the uterine volume and a 12.8-fold reduction of the fibroid size from baseline, and color doppler ultrasonography revealed that the uterine fibroid was avascular. For patients with diagnosed congenital anomalies of the urogenital system, the authors recommend using computer tomography and referrals to interdisciplinary specialists for choosing the appropriate uterine fibroid treatment options KEYWORDS: uterine fibroids, pelvic kidney dystopia, uterine artery embolization, organ-preserving treatment methods, congenital anomalies of the urogenital system, computer tomography. FOR CITATION: Antropova E.Yu., Sharafutdinov B.M., Mazitova M.I. et al. Organ-preserving approach to the treatment of patients with uterine fibroids and congenital anomaly of the urinary system (a clinical case). Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(4):320–325 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-4-320-325.
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Mustafin, R. N. "Relationship of TP53 gene with retroelements in urogenital organs carcinogenesis." Cancer Urology 18, no. 1 (May 6, 2022): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2022-18-1-136-142.

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The article presents a hypothesis about the influence of TP53 gene on the development of prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer through negative regulation of retrotransposons. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that controls the expression of various protein-coding genes. The promoter regions of endogenous retroviruses contain almost ideal binding sites for p53, which suppresses translation of these elements and LINE1s. The TP53 gene contains retrotransposons, which promote mutations due to recombinations. Germinal mutations of the TP53 gene in Li–Fraumeni syndrome cause a deficiency of the p53 protein, which leads to the activation of retroelements, which, in turn, cause loss of heterozygosity of the second TP53 allele. The result is a “vicious circle” that stimulates genomic instability and carcinogenesis. This mechanism is possible for sporadic urogenital system malignant neoplasms development, where TP53 mutations are most often identified, acting as drivers of carcinogenesis. At the same time, pathological activation of retroelements is found in many malignant neoplasms. Moreover, the “vicious circle”, when a deficiency of an oncosuppressor causes activation of retroelements that contribute to inactivation of other oncosuppressors, is characteristic not only for р53. Retroelements can be controlled by other oncosuppressor genes that contain hot spots of insertional mutagenesis and retrotransposons (which contribute to recombination events). I suppose that pathological interregulation of retroelements and tumor suppressors is a universal mechanism of carcinogenesis in the development of sporadic malignant neoplasms and hereditary tumor syndromes. Chromoplexy observed in 90 % of prostate cancer samples may reflect these events, since activated retroelements in carcinogenesis contribute to complex chromosomal rearrangements.
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HILL, J. P., and ELIZABETH A. FRASER. "Some Observations on the Female Urogenital Organs of the Didelphyidae." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 95, no. 1 (August 21, 2009): 189–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1925.tb03347.x.

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Nakama, Claudia, Brice Thompson, Cory Szybala, Andrea McBeth, Piper Dobner, and Heather Zwickey. "The Continuum of Microbial Ecosystems along the Female Reproductive Tract: Implications for Health and Fertility." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111244.

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The microbial ecosystem of the female urogenital tract is composed of many niche microenvironments across multiple organ systems in the urinary and reproductive tract. It is complex and contains a variety of bacteria, archaea, viruses, yeast, and protozoa—Many of which are still unidentified or whose functionality is unknown. Unlike the gut microbiome, whose composition is relatively stable in the absence of external perturbations, the urogenital microbiome is constantly shifting in response to biological cycles such as hormonal fluctuations during menstruation. Microbial composition differs between women but the dominance of some microbial families, such as Lactobacillaceae and other lactic acid-producing bacteria, are shared. Research suggests that it is difficult to define a universal healthy urogenital microbiome and consequently map a path to recovery from disease due to dysbiosis. Due to its temporal shifts, the female urogenital microbiome offers a unique opportunity to examine the biological mechanisms that work to restore a microbiome to its baseline. Common functional disorders in women’s health are often difficult to diagnose and treat, are prone to recurrence, and can lead to subfertility or infertility. Knowledge of the interconnected microorganism communities along the continuum of the female reproductive tract could revolutionize the quality of women’s healthcare.
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Gamat, M., G. Shaw, and M. B. Renfree. "181. HEPATOCYTE-NUCLEAR FACTOR 3-ALPHA (HNF-3α) EXPRESSION IN THE DEVELOPING PROSTATE OF THE TAMMAR WALLABY: A MARKER OF PROSTATE DIFFERENTIATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 9 (2009): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs181.

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The prostate is the source of about 30% of the seminal fluid. The prostate develops from the urogenital sinus involving epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, and is dependent on androgen secretion for its differentiation. Most studies on prostatic development have focused on the mouse but the tammar may be an alternative model for some aspects of prostatic development due to its structural similarity to the human. The tammar prostate is a cone-shaped secretory gland which consists of a central zone, transition zone and peripheral zone, as in humans. In contrast, the mouse prostate is a multi-lobular organ. Although much is known of the hormonal control of prostatic development in the tammar1,2,3, little is known about the specific markers of its differentiation. HNF-3α is a transcription factor that is expressed in the urogenital epithelium of the prostate in the mouse and human. This study characterised HNF-3α in the developing prostate of the tammar. The full length sequence of the gene was obtained in silico and confirmed by cloning. Tammar HNF-3α is highly conserved, sharing 82% nucleotide identity with the human and 80% nucleotide identity with mouse. We used RT-PCR to examine the temporal expression of HNF-3α, and found that it is expressed throughout prostate development in the male from immediately after birth to day 70, the latest stage examined. It is also expressed in the developing female urogenital sinus during a similar time period. HNF-3α protein has a spatial expression similar to that of the mouse, and it is localised to the nucleus of the urogenital epithelial cells. These results indicate that prostatic differentiation is conserved between the tammar (marsupial) and mouse (eutherian). Characterisation of HNF-3α in the tammar will also provide a useful tool in assessing prostatic differentiation in our ongoing prostatic organ culture experiments.
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ŞENER, Tarık Emre, Selin ÇADIRCI, Özge ÇEVİK, Feriha ERCAN, and M. Kutay KÖROĞLU. "Protective effects of quercetin against cisplatin induced urogenital organ toxicity." Journal of Research in Pharmacy 24, no. 5 (September 11, 2020): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.219.

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36

Stoyanov, V. B., V. A. Molochkov, T. B. Semenova, and O. B. Zhukov. "Therapy challenges in patients with <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> infection of the urogenital tract: clinical observations." Andrology and Genital Surgery 22, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2021-22-4-86-91.

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Mycoplasma genitalium is a clinically significant intracellular bacterium from the family of genital mycoplasmas; it absolutely dominates in persistent/recurrent nongonococcal urethritis, causes chronic inflammatory diseases of the urogenital organs which dictates the necessity of treating this infection. The study presents observations of 2 patients with chronic recurrent urethritis caused by multiple drug resistant strains of M. genitalium. None of the administered schemes of antibacterial treatment covered in the international protocols on treatment of M. genitalium infection allowed to achieve clinical or microbiological cure in these patients. Practicing doctors require development and improvement of nucleic acid amplification methods with antimicrobial testing for M. genitalium resistance and new antimicrobial drugs with improved chemical and pharmacological characteristics for treatment of patients with intracellular urogenital infections.
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Donjacour, A. A., and G. R. Cunha. "Induction of prostatic morphology and secretion in urothelium by seminal vesicle mesenchyme." Development 121, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 2199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.7.2199.

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Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions are essential for the development of the male reproductive tract. Tissue recombination experiments have been used to define the characteristics of these interactions. When mesenchyme, embryonic connective tissue, is recombined with epithelium from another organ an instructive induction may occur in which the developmental fate of the epithelium is altered. Instructive inductions are most common when the epithelium that is removed from the mesenchyme and the epithelium that is recombined with the mesenchyme are from the same germ layer. All of the mesenchyme of the male reproductive tract is of mesodermal origin. The epithelia of these organs are derived from either the mesodermal Wolffian duct epithelium or the endodermal urogenital sinus epithelium. Urogenital sinus mesenchyme can instructively induce bladder and urethral epithelium to form prostate (Donjacour, A. A. and Cunha, G. R. (1993) Endocrinol. 132, 2342–2350) and seminal vesicle mesenchyme can instructively induce epithelium from the ductus deferens and ureter (Cunha, G. R., Young, P., Higgins, S. J. and Cooke, P. S. (1991) Development 111, 145–158) to form seminal vesicle. To see whether inductive interactions could occur across germ layers in this system, seminal vesicle mesenchyme, normally associated with a mesodermal epithelium, was recombined with epithelium from neonatal or adult bladder or urethra, which are of endodermal origin. The resulting tissue recombinants were analyzed histologically and by immunocytochemistry and western blotting with antibodies to prostatic and seminal vesicle secretory proteins. Full prostatic differentiation was observed in tissue recombinants made with seminal vesicle mesenchyme plus either adult or neonatal bladder or urethral epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Gultom, David Adrian, and Elmeida Effendy. "Case Report: Somatoform Autonomic Dysfunction-Urogenital System." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, T7 (March 27, 2022): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9243.

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Background: Somatoform autonomic dysfunction is characterized by symptoms that are autonomically perceived to appear from a particular organic disorders in which those symptoms can not be explained by any medical reasoning. In individuals with urogenital somatoform autonomic dysfunction, frequent urination accompanied with lower abdominal pain are common and treatment strategy is usually based on psychodynamic intervention. Case Report: Ms. A 28 year old woman visited Psychiatry outpatient clinic in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital due to increased urination frequency, accompanied with lower abdominal pain. Interestingly, she also brought us her physical and laboratory (including urinary test) which all showed normal result. Ms. A is a cosmetologist, selling cosmetic products in department store and currently single. When we explored further about her childhood, she admitted that she has always been very neat and that her mother is very strict about tidiness and cleanliness. Conclusion: Ms. A was diagnosed with somatoform autonomic dysfunction. The fact that she is still single while her younger sister is already in a relationship could be a stressor for her. From psychodynamic point of view, Ms. A uses regression as a coping method. Pharmacotherapy as well as psychotherapy were used.
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39

de Vrese, M., and J. Schrezenmeir. "Probiotics and non-intestinal infectious conditions." British Journal of Nutrition 88, S1 (September 2002): s59—s66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002630.

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Orally ingested probiotic micro-organisms do not exert health effects exclusively in the intestine. Some strains can alleviate or prevent bacterial, fungal or viral infections in other organs by stimulation of the immune system. By preservation or improvement of the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa, they may inhibit translocation of potential pathogens and thus prevent infections of the blood stream and other tissues and organs. Modulation of the intestinal microflora can affect the local microflora of the urogenital tract and possibly of the oral cavity. Finally, some strains of orally ingested bacteria reach target organs like the urogenital tract in a viable state; alternatively they can be applied locally.Despite the infection-preventing properties of probiotic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria have rarely been identified in infections of the blood stream, heart valves and other organs, usually only in patients with severe disease. It is the general opinion that in most cases the source of infection was the commensal microflora of the intestine or the oral cavity. Until now only one case of infection associated with administration of a probiotic strain has been published.The most promising health-promoting effects have been seen in vaginosis, urinary tract infections,Helicobacter pylorigastritis and infections of the respiratory tract in children. More controlled clinical trials with sufficient numbers of participants are needed to determine the scientific basis for the use of probiotic bacteria in infections in locations of the body other than the intestine.
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Diudiun, A. D., M. Y. Polion, and N. N. Polion. "Nosomorphosis of diseases caused by urogenital infections." Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives) 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.3.242083.

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One of the real threats to the health of the next generation are diseases caused predominantly by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The frequency of these diseases is constantly increasing among the population of Ukraine and other countries. The aim of our work was to establish the features of the clinical manifestations of diseases caused by urogenital infections (UGI) at the present stage. Under our supervision, there were 577 patients with STIs, 83% of the patients were at the age of the highest socio-economic and sexual activity. A complex of methods for examining the patients included: physical and general clinical studies, laboratory research to identify STIs and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. A comprehensive complex examination made it possible to identify urogenital chlamydia in 395 (68.5%), trichomoniasis – in 381 (66.03%), ureaplasmosis – in 240 (41.6%), microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis – in 80 (13.9%) and urogenital candidiasis – in 75 (13.0%). Monoinfection was diagnosed only in 61 (10.6%) of patients. Among the patients examined, the inflammatory process of the genitourinary organs was supported by two infectious agents in 487 (84.4%), three or more – in 52 (9.0%) of the observed patients. The affection of the urogenital system with STIs occurs with several infectious agents. Clinical manifestations of diseases caused by STIs are asymptomatic or low-symptomatic. The asymptomatic course of diseases caused by STIs leads to a chronic long-term course of the pathological process with the formation of multi-focal lesions and residual phenomena, including proliferative neoplasms.
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Adachi, Takahisa, Hidenori Kawashima, Katsushi Mori, Shigeto Tanaka, Masazumi Asakawa, Ryoji Yasumoto, and Masanobu Maekawa. "N-ACETYL-^|^beta;-GLUCOSAMINIDASE IN TISSUES OF VARIOUS HUMAN UROGENITAL ORGANS." Japanese Journal of Urology 80, no. 2 (1989): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol1989.80.245.

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42

Drogovoz, S. M., H. Zelenkova, A. L. Shtroblya, N. Ya Asadullayeva, and V. A. Ulanova. "The potential of carboxytherapy in diseases of the urogenital system organs." Klìnìčna farmacìâ 22, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/cphj.18.1458.

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43

Schmitz, Julia M., Vance J. McCracken, Reed A. Dimmitt, and Robin G. Lorenz. "Expression of CXCL15 (Lungkine) in Murine Gastrointestinal, Urogenital, and Endocrine Organs." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 55, no. 5 (January 22, 2007): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.6a7121.2007.

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Ahmed, Abdelkareem A., and Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa. "Epigenetic alterations in female urogenital organs cancer: Premise, properties, and perspectives." Scientific African 7 (March 2020): e00318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00318.

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Lipschutz, Joshua H., Hiroko Fukami, Masami Yamamoto, Masae Tatematsu, Yoshiki Sugimura, Moriaki Kusakabe, and Gerald R. Cunha. "Clonality of Urogenital Organs as Determined by Analysis of Chimeric Mice." Cells Tissues Organs 165, no. 2 (1999): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000016675.

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46

Yarigina, M. V., P. F. Kiku, and A. V. Reshetnikov. "The medical sociological evaluation of population health in ecological bio-climatic conditions of the Primorskii Kraii." Sociology of Medicine 15, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2810-2016-15-1-19-24.

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The article presents the results of medical sociological evaluation of population health in ecological bio-climatic conditions of the Primorskii Kraii. The purpose of study is to establish patterns of formation of population health exemplified by three systems of organism (respiratory organs, urogenital system, skin). The questionnaire technique was applied to study impact of factors of life-style, diet behavior, skin and urogenital system according official statistics data F12 in 2007-2011. The technique of such multi-dimensional analysis as P.V. Terentiev correlation pleiades was applied. The medical sociological study established input of social factors in formation of population health in the ecological bio-climatic conditions of the Primorskii Kraii. The results of study permit determining main directions of medical activities and to develop address programs of prevention.
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Qarro, Abdelmounaim, Abdelghani Ammani, Khalil Bazine, Mohammed Najoui, Jamaleddine Samir, and Mohammed Alami. "Synchronous primary malignancies of the male urogenital tract." Canadian Urological Association Journal 8, no. 5-6 (May 21, 2014): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1532.

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The finding of prostate cancer after a cystoprostatectomy for a bladder tumour can occur in up to 70% of cases. The incidence of prostate cancer in patients with a bladder tumour is 18 times higher than in the general population; moreover, the incidence of bladder cancer in patients with prostate cancer is 19 times higher than in the general population. This association can be explained by the common embryological origin of these organs, with molecular similarities. Other similarities between these two cancers are noted. They are multifocal and may be secondary to urinary stasis. However, this association does not seem responsible for an increased risk of progression of both diseases. The prognosis is related to the extension of each cancer. The stage and grade of bladder cancer are, in terms of prognosis, greater than those of prostate cancer. Most often, this is insignificant prostate cancer. Despite this, the prostate-specific antigen test should be administered to monitor patients after cystoprostatectomy.
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Uemura, Kei-ichiro, Keisuke Ohta, Tomonoshin Kanazawa, Tokumasa Hayashi, Ryuichiro Tanoue, Munetake Yoshitomi, Shingo Hirashima, et al. "Subcutaneous transplantation promotes organ formation of the fetal rat urogenital sinus." Acta Histochemica 117, no. 6 (July 2015): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2015.03.008.

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49

Trilisnawati, Damai, Izazi Hari Purwoko, Mutia Devi, Suroso Adi Nugroho, Fitriani, and Theresia L. Toruan. "Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Leukorrhea." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 599–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i3.323.

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The most frequently reported complaints in the urogenital organ system is leukorrhea, also known as fluor albus. Leukorrhea is a discharge secreted from the genital organs, mostly occur in female. Leukorrhea has a significant incidence rate and varies according to many factors such as hormone and infection. Leukorrhea can be physiological in female, but when excess discharge is accompanied by other characteristics, the leukorrhea is considered pathological. This genital discharge also occurs in male for pathological reasons, mainly caused by infection. Several pathogenic infections, whether transmitted through secual contact or not, are the etiology of complaints of leukorrhea. Some specific pathogens will cause different symptoms in the two sex groups. To make a diagnosis, it is important for the examiner to carry out a detailed and coherent history, especially regarding sexual contact and a history of risky sexual behavior. Although some infections are asymptomatic, complications may occur if infections are not treated properly as early as possible. The management of leukorrhea is based on an examination and treatment algorithm with syndromic approach.
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Nowak, Łukasz, Wojciech Krajewski, Joanna Krajewska, Joanna Chorbińska, Paweł Kiełb, Bartosz Małkiewicz, and Tomasz Szydełko. "Urological Manifestations of the Systemic Vasculitides—A Scoping Review." Uro 1, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/uro1040023.

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Background: Vasculitides are specific inflammations of the blood vessel wall that can take place in any organ system of the human body. They may occur as a primary process (primary systemic vasculitides, PSV) or may be secondary to another underlying disease. In general, in association with the specific type of vasculitis, affected vessels vary in size, type, and location. In the following scoping review, we present clinical characteristics and manifestations of PSV with reference to the genitourinary system. Materials and methods: A non-systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted using three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) up to 29 October 2021. Results: Urogenital manifestations of PSV are infrequent, with the most commonly reported findings as prostatic or testicular involvements. However, almost all other organs of the genitourinary system can be affected. Conclusions: Because of the clinical heterogeneity and non-specific symptoms, the proper diagnosis of PSV is often delayed and constricted. Fast identification of urological manifestations of vasculitides is essential in implementing appropriate therapy and avoiding unnecessary, harmful, and invasive surgery.
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