Journal articles: 'Organ transportation'

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Talaie, Tara, Silke Niederhaus, Ester Villalongas, and Joseph Scalea. "Innovating organ delivery to improve access to care: surgeon perspectives on the current system and future use of unmanned aircrafts." BMJ Innovations 7, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000439.

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ObjectiveOrgan transportation requires innovation. We recently showed that unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) could transport human organs. There are no data addressing UAS acceptance among healthcare providers. Conceptually, UAS implementation may improve delivery of care through improved efficiency. We sought to learn surgical perspectives on current and innovated organ transport systems.MethodsAn Institutional Review Board exempt, pretested, 5-point Likert scale web-based survey was undertaken. Transplant surgeons taking kidney transplant offers in the USA (n=174) were sampled.ResultsOf 174 surveys, 122 were delivered successfully, and 55 responses collected. Mean age was 48.1 (range 34–64), and 80% were male. Forty-two (76.4%) surgeons felt cold ischaemia time reduction to 8 hours would increase organ acceptance rates. More than 23% of respondents were fearful and 34.5% nervous regarding drones. Nearly all (92.7%) respondents believed drones could help people; 90.9% felt the mode of transportation was irrelevant to their decision to accept an organ but that speed and quality were most important. Only 16.4% of surgeons believed the current system is adequate for our transportation needs.ConclusionsSurgeons feel the present system of organ transportation needs reform, and an innovated system using UAS might improve care. An innovated organ transportation system involving UAS may lead to fear and anxiety among transplant surgeons, suggesting that research and education are required ahead of adoption.

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Chhablani, Nikita, Sonali G. Choudhari, Abhay M. Gaidhane, and Syed Quazi Zahiruddin. "Revisiting Organ Donation – Voyage from Death, Donation, Transportation to Organ Transplantation." International Journal of Current Research and Review 13, no. 10 (2021): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131029.

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Manisa.S, Abirami. "IOT ENABLED ORGAN PRESERVATION, MONITORING AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 04, no. 11 (April 30, 2020): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2020.v04i11.035.

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Scalea, Joseph R., Stephen Restaino, Matthew Scassero, Stephen T. Bartlett, and Norman Wereley. "The final frontier? Exploring organ transportation by drone." American Journal of Transplantation 19, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 962–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15113.

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TASPINAR, Yavuz Selim, and Prof Dr Hakan IŞIK. "Organ Transportation Thermoelectric Cooling System Design and Application." International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.1031379.

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Gao, Lin, Jingzhu Zhang, Kun Gao, Yiyuan Pan, Xiaotao Qin, Jie Zhang, Jing Zhou, Guotao Lu, Weiqin Li, and Zhihui Tong. "Air Medical Transportation for Severe Acute Pancreatitis Patients over an Extra Long Distance: Is It Safe Enough?" Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2018 (July 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3826084.

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Objective. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients usually develop persistent organ dysfunction which causes the majority of deaths. It is important for SAP patients to receive centralized diagnosis and treatment in an experienced tertiary center. China, as a vast country with uneven distribution of medical resources, should take advantage of air medical transportation to meet the challenge of patient transfer among different regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of air transport for SAP patients via extra long distance. Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of all air medical transportations for SAP patients admitted to Jinling Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016. The general characteristics, transportation process, and clinical outcomes of these patients were recorded, and the safety and effectiveness of air transport were evaluated. Results. All the 20 SAP patients were successfully transferred by chartered aircraft without any occurrence of severe transport-associated complications. The mean transport time was 5.86 hours and the average transport distance was 1530 kilometers. The majority of SAP patients got timely intervention and the ultimate mortality rate was 15%. Conclusions. Air medical transport appears to be safe and effective for SAP patients with vital organ dysfunctions during the extra long-distance transportation.

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Axelrod, David A., Shimul Shah, James Guarrera, Brian Shepard, Joseph Scalea, Mathew Cooper, and Raja Kandaswamy. "Improving safety in organ recovery transportation: Report from the ASTS/UNOS/AST/AOPO transportation safety summit." American Journal of Transplantation 20, no. 8 (May 17, 2020): 2001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15930.

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Abbas, Kun Arifi. "Transportation and The Use of Oxygen." Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation 1, no. 2 (September 6, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijar.v1i22019.58-63.

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Introduction: All living things need a certain amount of oxygen which is obtained from free air, which is continuous throughout life, but cannot be stored in the body as a reserve. Oxygen is distributed throughout the body to the mitochondria of cells which are used in metabolic processes along with glucose to produce ATP (energy source for cell activity) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). Literature Review: The exchange of oxygen as a metabolic material for the body and carbon dioxide as the end product of the body’s metabolism is done through a process called respiration. Blood pumped by the heart carries oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues and brings back the blood containing carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for gas exchange. Oxygen transport in the blood takes two forms, namely bound to hemoglobin/Hb (the largest) and dissolved. Meanwhile, the transportation of carbon dioxide in the blood takes 3 forms, namely: carbonic ion (the largest), dissolved, and binds to Hb. Conclusion: The consumption of oxygen in the body requires processes and is associated with several organ systems. If one of the systems is not functioning properly, it can cause oxygen deficiency, thus the cells do not consume enough oxygen, which can cause anaerobic metabolism and if it becomes severe it will cause the death of cells, organs, and the individual.

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Paganelli, F., L. Mantecchini, D. Peritore, V. Morabito, L. Rizzato, and A. Nanni Costa. "Network Model for Optimal Aircraft Location for Human Organ Transportation Activities." Transplantation Proceedings 51, no. 1 (January 2019): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.04.069.

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Reinhart, Amber M., and Ashley E. Anker. "An Exploration of Transportation and Psychological Reactance in Organ Donation PSAs." Communication Research Reports 29, no. 4 (October 2012): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2012.704601.

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Sharma, Akshay, Matthias Peltz, Michael A. Wait, Steves W. Ring, Alok Mathur, Michael E. Jessen, and John S. Murala. "The conduct of thoracic organ procurement." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 28, no. 3 (February 13, 2020): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0218492320906687.

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Transplantation has become the gold-standard treatment for endstage heart and lung failure. A well-executed procurement process is the cornerstone of a successful transplant program and patient outcome after transplantation. The aim of this review was to describe a standardized protocol and guidelines for optimal thoracic organ procurement. Here, we describe all aspects of optimal thoracic organ procurement including the intraoperative conduct of the teams, operative steps, graft preservation, transportation, and pitfalls. We believe that a standardized protocol helps in streamlining and minimizing errors, provides optimal training for junior members of the team, and predetermines graft function postimplantation.

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Hoffmann, Tanja, and Thomas Minor. "New Strategies and Concepts in Organ Preservation." European Surgical Research 54, no. 3-4 (December 3, 2014): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369455.

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Organ transplantation is still affected by a notable degree of preservation-associated ischemia and reperfusion injury, which can seriously hamper early graft function. The increasing extension of the criteria for donor organ acceptance, especially for organs that have suffered from periods of warm ischemic injury prior to graft retrieval, results in even higher demands on preserving these ischemia-sensitive grafts. Growing attention is thus directed towards more dynamic preservation methods instead of simple static storage. Particularly in grafts that are retrieved after cardiac standstill of the donor, provision of oxygen to enable some kind of regenerative metabolism appears to be desirable, although the optimal temperature for oxygenated preservation/revitalization is still under debate. Hybrid solutions, comprising conventional cold storage for ease of graft procurement and transportation together with more sophisticated ‘in-house' reconditioning protocols after arrival at the implantation clinic, might help to minimize graft injury during the critical transition from preservation to reperfusion. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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Penna, Claudia, Francesco Trotta, Roberta Cavalli, and Pasquale Pagliaro. "Nanocarriers Loaded with Oxygen to Improve the Protection of the Heart to be Transplanted." Current Pharmaceutical Design 28, no. 6 (February 2022): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666211109112723.

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: In the case of serious cardiovascular diseases, such as refractory heart failure, heart transplantation is the only possible intervention. Currently, the modes of organ transport in hypothermic cardioplegic solution do not allow the implantation of the heart beyond 4-5 hours from the explant. The heart being an organ with a greater consumption of oxygen and high metabolism than the brain, its transport in hypothermic cardioplegic solutions presents critical issues in terms of time and conservation. An ambitious goal of many researchers and clinicians is to minimize the hypoxia of the explanted heart and extend the permanence time in cardioplegic solution without damage from hypoxia. Adequately oxygenating the explanted organs may extend the usability time of the explanted organ. This challenge has been pursued for years with approaches that are often expensive, risky, and/or difficult to use. We propose to consider oxygenated nanocarriers releasing oxygen for a long time. In this way, it will also be possible to use organs from distant countries with respect to the recipient, thus exceeding the canonical 4-5 hours tolerated up to now. In addition to the lack of oxygen, the transplanted organ can undergo the accumulation of catabolites due to the lack of perfusion during transport. Therefore, nanocarriers can also be perfused in adequate solution during organ transportation. A better oxygenation improving the postoperative recovery of the transplanted heart will improve the recipient's quality of life.

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Manin, B. L., N. V. Koropova, V. A. Starikov, and I. V. Vologina. "STORAGE OF PIGLET KIDNEYS AT SUBNORMAL TEMPERATURES FOR PRIMARY TRYPSINIZED CELL MONOLAYER PREPARATION." Veterinary Science Today, no. 4 (January 26, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2018-4-27-44-48.

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Optimization of the technology for preparation of the primary cells suitable for virological studies requires long-term storage of internal organs and tissues. Results of tests of organs stored at subnormal temperatures under laboratory conditions for the purpose of further preparation of complete monolayer of primary cells for their preservation are presented. Method for 6-day storage of kidneys aseptically taken from 3–5 month-old piglets was proposed. Serum-free medium 199 supplemented with 100 U/ml of penicillin, 100 µg/ml of streptomycin, 100 U/ml of gentamycin was used as a stabilizing substance. The organ was placed in a wide-neck vessel at medium/air phase ratio of 1:1 and the vessel was covered by a Petri dish to optimize medium chemical homeostasis and stored at temperature of –1 to +4 °C up to 6 days avoiding medium and organ crystallization. It was concluded that any freezing with crystallization and without cryoprotector (of –2 to –4 °С) had a negative eﬀect on cell and organ tissue survivability. Trypsinization and complete monolayer preparation were carried out upon the kidney storage period completion. All variants of prepared cell materials used for virological studies were suitable for testing semi-preparations for their avirulence as well as for virus neutralization tests and foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation. Proposed method for porcine kidney storage allows more eﬀective use of donor organs for primary culture preparation for virological studies. This method of organ storage could be recommended for preservation and transportation of organs derived from domestic and wild animals under feld conditions.

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Ruangkit, Chayatat, Sasivimon Soonsawad, Thavatchai Tutchamnong, and Buranee Swatesutipun. "Decreased oxygen exposure during transportation of newborns." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 3 (November 25, 2017): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314179.

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Oxygen is the most common treatment for newborns in need of respiratory support. However, oxygen can cause tissue injury through reactive oxygen species formation, especially in premature infants with reduced antioxidant defences, and may result in short-term and long-term toxic effects in multiple organ systems. Although most hospitals have the capability to tightly control oxygen delivery to hospitalised neonates, in many circumstances, the need is overlooked during infant transport. Lack of awareness of harm or appropriate medical equipment invariably results in excessive oxygen exposure. We developed a quality improvement programme to decrease oxygen exposure to newborns during their transportation, thus improving patient safety and quality of care.

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Laušević, Mirjana, Milica Kravljača, Marija Milinković, Voin Brković, Svetlana Jovičić-Pavlović, and Radomir Naumović. "The impact of donor organ quality on the outcome of a deceased donor kidney transplantation." Medicinska istrazivanja 50, no. 2 (2016): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medist1601019l.

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Increasing disparity between the limited supply of deceased donor organs and the rising demand for kidneys has led to considering alternative strategies for expanding the availability of organs for transplantation. The first definition of expanded criteria donor contained four different donor risk factors for graft failure: age, history of hypertension, cerebrovascular accident as a cause of death and final pre-procurement creatinine > 133mmol/l. Marginal donors are also those with diabetes or those with anatomical abnormalities. Other factors such as donor maintenance, surgeon related factors, perfusion and transportation of organs also have an influence on donor organ quality. The survival benefits seen in recipients of marginal kidney transplants are inferior compared to those in recipients of standard criteria donor kidneys, but significantly better than in those remaining on kidney waiting list.

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Cacchiani, V., C. Malandri, L. Mantecchini, and F. Paganelli. "A study on the optimal aircraft location for human organ transportation activities." Transportation Research Procedia 30 (2018): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.09.034.

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Khorzad, Rebeca, Enid Montague, Anna P. Nannicelli, Donna M. Woods, Daniela P. Ladner, Alexandra Brown, and Jane Louise Holl. "Redesigning Transplant Organ Labeling to Prevent Patient Harm and Organ Loss." Progress in Transplantation 28, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924818781574.

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Background: In 2012, the Health Resources and Services Administration and the United Network for Organ Sharing launched the “Electronic Tracking and Transportation” (ETT) project, in response to “labeling and packaging issues” being a frequently reported safety incident. This article describes an improvement project conducted as part of this United Network for Organ Sharing project. Methods: An interdisciplinary team conducted a Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, laboratory simulations of organ labeling during procurement, and a heuristic evaluation of a label software application to inform the design of TransNet, a system that uses barcode technology at the point of organ recovery. A total of 42 clinicians and staff from 10 organ procurement organizations and 2 transplant centers in the United States participated. Processes Addressed: Key features of the redesigned labeling system include independent, double entry of label information into the software application, a machine-readable barcode on each organ’s label, and a handheld printer for at “point of use” label printing. Outcomes: The new labeling system, TransNet, has become mandatory since June 2017. A survey conducted on early adopters (N = 11), after 1 year of use, indicates the process is safer and more efficient. Implications for Practice: The findings from this study suggest that the application of quality planning methods, common in other industries, when redesigning a health-care process, are valuable and revelatory and should be adopted more extensively. Future evaluation of TransNet effectiveness to reduce safety incidents is critical.

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Al-Ayyad, Muhammad, Amani Al-Ghraibah, and Husam Alkhatib. "Transportation of Donated Hearts by Drone in Comparison to Road-Bound Vehicles in Mexico City." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701913010142.

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Background: Organ transportation between hospitals has many challenges since the harvested organ needs to be transplanted to the recipient within an optimal time frame. It is important to transfer the organ from the donor to the recipient site quickly and professionally. Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate whether the transportation of donated hearts by drones is more efficient than transportation using road-bound vehicles. Methods: A simulation using MatLab software was performed to calculate the heart transportation time between three different hospitals in Mexico City by road-bound vehicles and by drones. This simulation was performed to demonstrate how congestion and traffic in Mexico City prevent healthy hearts from being transplanted to patients on time. The 24-hour period was divided into four 5-hour periods and these were chosen to be: Period 1 (22:00-03:00), Period 2 (04:00-09:00), Period 3 (10:00-15:00) and Period 4 (16:00-21:00). Results: The time it took to travel between the hospitals by car within each of the 5-hour periods was calculated. It was observed that, in period 2, a high volume of traffic was present causing road-bound vehicles to take a longer time to deliver hearts to hospitals. All hospitals were within reach of each other if the hearts were to be transported by drone and the delivery time by drone in all cases was less than 1.88 hours, which is the optimum time for the harvested heart to be transported without risk from the donor to the recipient. Conclusion: Using drones will increase the safety of transplants, reduce the heart transplantation waiting list and eventually, heart transplantation may be possible in different areas of the city at rush hour times.

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Ghodsizad, Ali, Viktor Bordel, Matthias Ungerer, Matthias Karck, Raffi Bekeredjian, and Arjang Ruhparwar. "Ex Vivo Coronary Angiography of a Donor Heart in the Organ Care System." Heart Surgery Forum 15, no. 3 (June 14, 2012): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf98.20111146.

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The international demand for donor hearts for transplantation is steadily increasing. Thus, longer transportation distances and explantation from sites with limited abilities for preexplantation diagnostics have to be considered. The development of the Organ Care System� (OCS) (TransMedics, Andover, MA, USA) may extend the extracorporeal period, with the possibility to constantly evaluate and interact during organ transport. One of the potential advantages of the OCS� is the ability to even perform coronary angiography of the donor heart, if a preexplantation angiography evaluation is not possible at the donor hospital and if significant evidence for coronary artery disease in the donor heart becomes known, because of the donor's medical history or after palpation of sclerotic coronary ostia. In this report, we present the first ex vivo coronary angiography evaluation of a potential donor heart that was performed in the OCS�. Upon explantation of the donor heart, sclerosis of the left coronary artery was palpated. After reaching the implantation site, a coronary angiography was performed by placing the OCS� on a catheterization table and inserting a 6F sheath into the access site of the OCS�. A 6F guide catheter was used to intubate the left coronary ostium. Injection of contrast agent led to strong contrast for visualization of the left coronary system. This procedure allowed sufficient assessment of the coronary arteries, which showed a slight diffuse sclerosis without any significant stenosis. This report demonstrates the advantage of the OCS� in the complex assessment of donor hearts after explantation. While the donor heart is still in the OCS�, not only is it possible to measure metabolic parameters and pressures, but even coronary angiography is feasible. With the increasing international demand for donor organs, such ex vivo examinations might play a more important role, because longer transportation distances can be accepted and organs from suboptimal donors without preexplantation diagnostics may be considered at donor sites with limited diagnostic options.

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Puślecki, Mateusz, Marcin Ligowski, Marek Dąbrowski, Maciej Sip, Sebastian Stefaniak, Tomasz Kłosiewicz, Łukasz Gąsiorowski, et al. "The role of simulation to support donation after circulatory death with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (DCD-ECMO)." Perfusion 32, no. 8 (June 27, 2017): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659117716533.

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Maintaining the viability of organs from donors after circulatory death (DCD) for transplantation is a complicated procedure, from a time perspective in the absence of appropriate organizational capabilities, that makes such transplantation cases difficult and not yet widespread in Poland. We present the procedural preparation for Poland’s first case of organ (kidney) transplantation from a DCD donor in which perfusion was supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Because this organizational model is complex and expensive, we used advanced high-fidelity medical simulation to prepare for the real-life implementation. The real time scenario included all crucial steps: prehospital identification, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), advanced life support (ALS); perfusion therapy (CPR-ECMO or DCD-ECMO); inclusion and exclusion criteria matching, suitability for automated chest compression; DCD confirmation and donor authorization, ECMO organs recovery; kidney harvesting. The success of our first simulated DCD-ECMO procedure in Poland is reassuring. Soon after this simulation, Maastricht category II DCD procedures were performed, involving real patients and resulting in two successful double kidney transplantations. During debriefing, it was found that the previous simulation-based training provided the experience to build a successful procedural chain, to eliminate errors at the stage of identification, notification, transportation, donor qualifications and ECMO organ perfusion to create DCD-ECMO algorithm architecture.

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Ellis, Bradley W., Dmitry O. Traktuev, Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss, Uryan Isik Can, Meijing Wang, Ray Bergeron, Pinar Zorlutuna, and Keith L. March. "Adipose stem cell secretome markedly improves rodent heart and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte recovery from cardioplegic transport solution exposure." Stem Cells 39, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.3296.

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Abstract Heart transplantation is a life-saving therapy for end-stage organ failure. Organ deterioration during transportation limits storage to 4 hours, limiting hearts available. Approaches ameliorating organ damage could increase the number of hearts acceptable for transplantation. Prior studies show that adipose-derived stem/stromal cell secretome (ASC-S) rescues tissues from postischemic damage in vivo. This study tested whether ASC-S preserved the function of mouse hearts and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iCM) exposed to organ transportation and transplantation conditions. Hearts were subjected to cold University of Wisconsin (UW) cardioplegic solution ± ASC-S for 6 hours followed by analysis using the Langendorff technique. In parallel, the effects of ASC-S on the recovery of iCM from UW solution were examined when provided either during or after cold cardioplegia. Exposure of hearts and iCM to UW deteriorated contractile activity and caused cell apoptosis, worsening in iCM as a function of exposure time; these were ameliorated by augmenting with ASC-S. Silencing of superoxide dismutase 3 and catalase expression prior to secretome generation compromised the ASC-S cardiomyocyte-protective effects. In this study, a novel in vitro iCM model was developed to complement a rodent heart model in assessing efficacy of approaches to improve cardiac preservation. ASC-S displays strong cardioprotective activity on iCM either with or following cold cardioplegia. This effect is associated with ASC-S-mediated cellular clearance of reactive oxygen species. The effect of ASC-S on the temporal recovery of iCM function supports the possibility of lengthening heart storage by augmenting cardioplegic transport solution with ASC-S, expanding the pool of hearts for transplantation.

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Todurov, B. M., O. O. Samchuk, G. I. Kovtun, A. O. Shpachuk, M. V. Goncharenko, I. M. Kuzmich, O. M. Druzhina, et al. "Clinical case of heart transplantation in the conditions of «the recipient-to-donor» transportation." Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology, no. 1 (February 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31928/2305-3127-2021.1.2428.

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The main factor limiting the number of heart transplants in Ukraine is the small number of potential donors. In cases when the delivery time of the donor organ is more than 4 hours, the risks of the donor organ ischemic injury are multiplied. Transportation of the recipient to the location of the potential donor in such cases is a forced measure, as it increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in the recipient during transportation. Providing medical care to a recipient in such circumstances may be difficult. However, these measures are fully justified by the reduced risk of postoperative complications associated with the time of graft ischemia. The article describes a case of heart transplantation in the conditions of transporting the recipient to the donor. Heart transplantation was performed in a patient with NYHA functional class IV heart failure, refractory to conservative therapy. The postoperative period was uneventful. The time of cardiopulmonary bypass was 90 minutes, the total ischemia time was 180 minutes. On the 3rd day, the patient was transported to the specialized centre to continue treatment and rehabilitation. On the 21st day the patient was discharged in satisfactory condition for outpatient treatment. Key words: heart transplantation, cardiomyopathy, heart failure.

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Mohite, PN, O. Maunz, A.-F. Popov, B. Zych, NP Patil, and AR Simon. "Utilization of the organ care system as ex-vivo lung perfusion after cold storage transportation." Perfusion 30, no. 8 (February 6, 2015): 698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659115570721.

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Rathi, Pulkit, Sugandha Rathi, and Kamlesh Gupta. "An optimization approach for transportation problem of transplant organ using self-adaptive bear hibernation algorithm." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 41, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2020.1733189.

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Kargar, Bahareh, Mir Saman Pishvaee, Hamed Jahani, and Jiuh-Biing Sheu. "Organ transportation and allocation problem under medical uncertainty: A real case study of liver transplantation." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 134 (February 2020): 101841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101841.

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Alstrup, Aage KO, Pia MT Afzelius, Svend B. Jensen, Páll S. Leifsson, Karen M. wegener, and Ole L. Nielsen. "Effects of Long-term Anesthesia, Blood Sampling, Transportation, and Infection Status on Hearts and Brains in Pigs Inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Used for Imaging Studies." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000062.

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Laboratory animals are widely used in imaging studies, including infection, heart, and brain research. Compared with rodents, pigs are especially useful because of their large organ sizes, ability to tolerate long-term anesthesia, and substantial blood volume, which allows repeated blood sampling. These factors are particularly important in positron emission tomography studies of potential new radioactive tracers, because the scans often are prolonged; in addition, kinetic studies involving repeated blood sampling may be performed to establish the optimal scan time. However, protracted studies may affect the cardiovascular system, brain, and other organs. This raises the question of how to monitor and counteract the effects of longterm anesthesia in pigs in a typical experimental setting yet prevent introducing bias into the experiment. To address this question, we investigated the effects of long-term anesthesia (maximum, 18 h), repeated blood sampling (maximum of 20 mL blood per kilogram body weight), and road transportation (as long as 1.5 h between 2 imaging centers) on key variables of lung, heart, and brain function in the context of a well-established pig model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Pulse rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature, arterial pressure of CO2, and urine production were stable during anesthesia for at least 16 h, whereas blood glucose slowly decreased. Hct and leukocyte count decreased due to repeated blood sampling. During road transportation, blood lactate levels increased 5 fold and arterial pressure of O2 decreased by 50%. Repeated CT scans, necropsy results, and histopathology findings documented progressive lung changes and acute cardiac necrosis. No lesions indicative of hypoxia were found in brain. The study data show that the typical monitoring parameters do not fully depict the cardiovascular state of pigs during prolonged anesthesia. We recommend streamlining experimental protocols for imaging studies in pigs to avoid organ pathology.

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Yi, Tingfang, and Gerhard Wagner. "Cytocapsular tubes conduct cell translocation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 6 (January 16, 2018): E1137—E1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717910115.

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Cell locomotion is essential for multicellular organism embryo development, organ homeostasis, tissue regeneration, immune responses, and tumor metastasis. Here we report that single mammalian cells can generate two extracellular membranous compartments: cytocapsulae and cytocapsular tubes. Cells migrate in cytocapsulae and engender cytocapsular tubes, which exhibit pleiotropic biological functions and provide tubular routes for directed cell transportation. Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscope revealed that nanoprotrusions surround and anchor cytocapsular tubes in place. Multiple cytocapsular tubes interconnect and form networks supporting directed cell transportation in diverse directions. Enhanced translation initiation factor eIF4E up-regulates translation of transcripts encoding proteins important for organelle development. Thus, this study proposes a mechanism of directed cell translocation in cytocapsular tubes, which may facilitate the management of diseases, including tumor metastasis.

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Ganesan, Rajesh, Wen-Chi Hung, Chun-Hung Chen, Tzu-Yi Peng, and Naoru Koizumi. "A Hybrid Liver-Candidate Transportation System to Improve Accessibility and Extend Organ Life in Liver Transplantation." INCOSE International Symposium 28, no. 1 (July 2018): 1123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2018.00538.x.

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Mehta, V., S. Rushton, M. Berman, H. Smail, U. Stock, and R. Venkateswaran. "Use of SherpaPak™ CTS for Organ Transportation During Heart Transplantation: National Outcomes from United Kingdom." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 41, no. 4 (April 2022): S363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1469.

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Seifarth, Volker, Joachim O. Grosse, Matthias Gossmann, Heinz Peter Janke, Patrick Arndt, Sabine Koch, Matthias Epple, Gerhard M. Artmann, and Aysegül Temiz Artmann. "Mechanical induction of bi-directional orientation of primary porcine bladder smooth muscle cells in tubular fibrin-poly(vinylidene fluoride) scaffolds for ureteral and urethral repair using cyclic and focal balloon catheter stimulation." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 32, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328217723178.

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To restore damaged organ function or to investigate organ mechanisms, it is necessary to prepare replicates that follow the biological role model as faithfully as possible. The interdisciplinary field of tissue engineering has great potential in regenerative medicine and might overcome negative side effects in the replacement of damaged organs. In particular, tubular organ structures of the genitourinary tract, such as the ureter and urethra, are challenging because of their complexity and special milieu that gives rise to incrustation, inflammation and stricture formation. Tubular biohybrids were prepared from primary porcine smooth muscle cells embedded in a fibrin gel with a stabilising poly(vinylidene fluoride) mesh. A mechanotransduction was performed automatically with a balloon kyphoplasty catheter. Diffusion of urea and creatinine, as well as the bursting pressure, were measured. Light and electron microscopy were used to visualise cellular distribution and orientation. Histological evaluation revealed a uniform cellular distribution in the fibrin gel. Mechanical stimulation with a stretch of 20% leads to a circumferential orientation of smooth muscle cells inside the matrix and a longitudinal alignment on the outer surface of the tubular structure. Urea and creatinine permeability and bursting pressure showed a non-statistically significant trend towards stimulated tissue constructs. In this proof of concept study, an innovative technique of intraluminal pressure for mechanical stimulation of tubular biohybrids prepared from autologous cells and a composite material induce bi-directional orientation of smooth muscle cells by locally and cyclically applied mechanical tension. Such geometrically driven patterns of cell growth within a scaffold may represent a key stage in the future tissue engineering of implantable ureter replacements that will allow the active transportation of urine from the renal pelvis into the bladder.

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DuBay, D. A., P. A. MacLennan, R. D. Reed, M. Fouad, M. Martin, C. B. Meeks, G. Taylor, et al. "The Impact of Proposed Changes in Liver Allocation Policy on Cold Ischemia Times and Organ Transportation Costs." American Journal of Transplantation 15, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.12981.

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Peng, Xiaoyan, Fengjie Liu, and Wen-Xiong Wang. "Organ-specific accumulation, transportation, and elimination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in a low Hg accumulating fish." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35, no. 8 (May 27, 2016): 2074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3363.

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Khan, Sibghatullah M., Marcus D. Lance, and Mariam Ali Karrar Elobied. "Transport of Critically Ill Patients – A Review of Early Interventions, Protocols, and Recommendations." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210418.

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The transportation of critically ill patients into or outside the hospital (ICU) has been associated with several adverse events [1, 2]. Mostly, patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are considered to be critically ill. ICU can provide the best possible care to the patients, including monitoring, multiple organ support, frequent clinical round, and dedicated staff members for each patient. However, specific situations occur when the patient has to be transported out of the ICU to the best of the patient's interest. The benefits attached to the purpose of the transportation outweigh the risks. This literature review aims to summarize timely interventions, minimum standards for transportation, transport protocols, and recommendations to reduce critically ill patients to the potential risk in the ICU. We aim to improve the quality of patient care, risk evaluation, minimizing preventable hazards, standardization of the protocols, homogeneity of the modalities involved in the patient’s transport, and ultimately improving the patient’s health care environment. Findings shows that, a total of 1.7% of adverse events during transportation were identified. In this study, 3383 charts of completed transports were observed [6]. The incidence of adverse effects is quite variable, i.e., from 1.7% to 75.7%, and in other studies, it is sometimes recorded as high as 80% [4]. Key words: Transport, Critically Ill Patients, Early Interventions, Protocols, Recommendations.

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Kaliyev, Rymbay, Timur Lesbekov, Serik Bekbossynov, Makhabbat Bekbossynova, Zhuldyz Nurmykhametova, Svetlana Novikova, Nurlan Smagulov, et al. "Comparison of Custodiol vs warm blood cardioplegia and conditioning of donor hearts during transportation with the organ care system." Journal of Cardiac Surgery 34, no. 10 (July 23, 2019): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14162.

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Mehta, V., A. Joshi, J. Hasan, K. Oommen, P. Callan, S. Shaw, and R. V. Venkateswaran. "Use of SherpaPak™ CTS for Organ Transportation during Heart Transplantation: First Clinical Use in United Kingdom and Outcomes." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 40, no. 4 (April 2021): S196—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.571.

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Rouhani, Samira, Mir Saman Pishvaee, and Naeme Zarrinpoor. "A fuzzy optimization approach to strategic organ transplantation network design problem: A real case study." Decision Science Letters 10, no. 3 (2021): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2021.5.001.

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Designing an efficient supply chain for organ transplant networks which is intimately related to humans’ life plays a primary role in improving the network’s performance. This research is focused on proposing a new multi-period location-allocation modeling approach to make appropriate strategic decisions for designing organ transplant networks under supply and budget uncertainties. To serve this purpose, a bi-objective possibilistic programming model is formulated the aim of which is to maximize network responsiveness and minimize the total cost. A fuzzy goal programming approach is adopted to solve multiple objective function models and control their deviations from the corresponding aspiration levels. As an important contribution of this study, the chance of success of transplantation processes is taken into consideration by proposing appropriate utility functions according to transportation criteria. Moreover, for the purpose of coping with the inherent uncertainty of the input parameters, a possibilistic programming model based on Me measure converted to three optimistic, realistic and pessimistic models is developed. Three new formulations have also been developed to tackle equality chance constraints. Finally, the optimal solutions of the developed models are analyzed through conducting a real case study in Iran. According to the results, for the considered organ transplant network, the possibilistic programming model based on the realistic measure is better than the optimistic and pessimistic measure in most confidence levels.

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Romano, Vito, Mohit Parekh, Alessandro Ruzza, Colin E. Willoughby, Stefano Ferrari, Diego Ponzin, Stephen B. Kaye, and Hannah J. Levis. "Comparison of preservation and transportation protocols for preloaded Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310906.

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Background/aimsDescemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) preparation is technically demanding and is a limiting factor for uptake of this kind of surgery. Supply methods that simplify the procedure for surgeons are key to increasing uptake. This study compares two different shipping protocols for DMEK.MethodsAn 8.5 mm DMEK graft was punched, marked and loaded for transportation in two different conditions: (A) endothelium trifolded inwards in organ culture conditions (n=7) and (B) endothelium rolled outwards in hypothermic conditions (n=7). Tissues were shipped from Italy to the UK, then analysed for orientation, endothelial cell density, denuded areas, cell mortality, triple viability staining (Hoechst/ethidium homodimer/calcein AM (HEC)), immunolocalisation of ZO-1 and Na/K-ATPase proteins, visualisation of actin filaments using phalloidin and histological analysis using H&E on paraffin-embedded sections.ResultsAll tissues clearly showed the mark used for graft orientation. After shipping in condition A, there was an increase in cell mortality of 8.1% and in denuded areas of 22.4%, whereas for condition B there was an increase in cell mortality of 14.2% and in denuded areas of 34.3% after shipping. HEC staining revealed areas of viable cells and apoptotic cells, with large denuded areas found in the periphery for condition B and within folds for condition A.ConclusionsPrestripped preloaded DMEK grafts retained sufficient viable cells for transplantation, with condition A (endothelium-in) offering the advantage of greater flexibility of use due to a longer shelf-life. HEC analysis provides further detailed information as to the status of DMEK grafts and should be used in future similar studies.

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Kumar Khanna, Vinod. "Targeted Delivery of Nanomedicines." ISRN Pharmacology 2012 (April 10, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/571394.

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The role of targeting of the diseased region by a drug is emphasized. The rationale for resorting to nanomaterials as drug carriers is explained. A clear understanding of the biological environment, its degradation in diseased condition, and the interaction of the drug with it in normal condition and during illness lie at the core of successful drug delivery. Passive and active drug targeting approaches are differentiated. Commonly used drug targets, targeting ligands, and nanoscale systems are elaborated. Mechanisms of internalization of nanomedicines and circumventing P-glycoprotein mediated resistance are outlined. The paper presents an overview of the current scenario of targeted transportation of nanomedicines to the affected organ and suggests future research directions.

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Luks, Andrew M. "Physiology in Medicine: A physiologic approach to prevention and treatment of acute high-altitude illnesses." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 5 (March 1, 2015): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00955.2014.

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With the growing interest in adventure travel and the increasing ease and affordability of air, rail, and road-based transportation, increasing numbers of individuals are traveling to high altitude. The decline in barometric pressure and ambient oxygen tensions in this environment trigger a series of physiologic responses across organ systems and over a varying time frame that help the individual acclimatize to the low oxygen conditions but occasionally lead to maladaptive responses and one or several forms of acute altitude illness. The goal of this Physiology in Medicine article is to provide information that providers can use when counseling patients who present to primary care or travel medicine clinics seeking advice about how to prevent these problems. After discussing the primary physiologic responses to acute hypoxia from the organ to the molecular level in normal individuals, the review describes the main forms of acute altitude illness—acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema—and the basic approaches to their prevention and treatment of these problems, with an emphasis throughout on the physiologic basis for the development of these illnesses and their management.

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Cappai, Maria Grazia, Petra Wolf, Annette Liesegang, Giovanni Paolo Biggio, Andrea Podda, Antonio Varcasia, Claudia Tamponi, et al. "Shift in Circulating Serum Protein Fraction (SPF) Levels of Pregnant Jennies and Nutritional Related Aspects at Early-, Mid- and Late Gestation." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092646.

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A viable tool for the monitoring of the systemic condition of the pregnant jenny may be the determination of serum protein fraction (SPF) levels, including metabolic profiling. Tissue development and composition of the growing fetus requires the mother to provide adequate nutrients to its body parts and organs. In this regard, body fluid distribution and strategic molecule transportation can be screened using SPF electropherograms and analysis of intermediate metabolites. The nutritional and health status of 12 jennies (age: 5–8 years; BW at the start: 135–138 kg; Body Condition Score, BCS [1 to 5 points] = 2.25–2.50; 4th month of gestation) were monitored throughout gestation (approximate gestation period 350–356 d). All animals were pasture-fed and were offered hay ad libitum. Individual blood samples were collected within the 4th, 7th, and 10th month following conception (ultrasound scanning). Serum biochemistry, in particular, the analysis of 6 fractions of serum proteins was carried out. The significant decrease in circulating albumin in jennies from mid- to late-gestation (p < 0.001) suggests a considerable role of dietary amino acids in the synthesis of protein for fetal tissue formation as well as body fluid distribution and blood pressure control of the jenny in those stages. Moreover, α1-globulin decreased significantly in late gestation (p < 0.047), corresponding to major organ development in the terminal fetus and supported by lipid transportation in the bloodstream of the jenny. Similarly, α2-globulin decreased in late gestation (p < 0.054) as haptoglobin, an important component for the transport of free circulating hemoglobin, is likely used for fetal synthesis. Mid-gestation, appears to be a crucial moment for adequate dietary nutrient supplementation in order to prevent homeostasis perturbation of jennies, as observed in this trial.

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Ohkawara, H., T. Kitagawa, N. Fukushima, T. Ito, Y. Sawa, and T. Yoshimine. "A Newly Developed Container for Safe, Easy, and Cost-effective Overnight Transportation of Tissues and Organs by Electrically Keeping Tissue or Organ Temperature at 3 to 6°C." Transplantation Proceedings 44, no. 4 (May 2012): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.02.023.

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Sushkov, A. I., K. K. Gubarev, V. L. Vinogradov, V. S. Rudakov, D. S. Svetlakova, A. A. Fedyunin, M. Krstich, A. I. Zakhlevnyy, A. I. Artemiev, and S. E. Voskanyan. "Impact of long-distance (up to 3.500 km) deceased donor liver transportation on cold ischemia time, initial graft function and transplant outcomes." Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 13, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2021-13-1-10-24.

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Rationale. Currently, a long-distance transportation of the deceased donor livers is not a routine practice for Russian transplantation centers; therefore, a research-based analysis of even relatively small single-center experience seems to be a topical task.The study purpose was to evaluate the impact of long-distance donor liver transportation on the cold ischemia time, the initial graft function as well as on immediate and long-term transplant outcomes.Material and methods. The retrospective single-center study included the data on specific features and results of 72 consecutive deceased donor liver transplantations. The cases were allocated into two groups depending on cold ischemia time: for less than 9 hours (group 1; n = 41) and for 9 hours or longer (group 2; n = 31). The parameters of donor organ transportation, characteristics of donors and recipients, specific features of surgery and the early postoperative period, immediate and long-term outcomes were compared between the groups. For the entire sample size, the relationship between the distance from the donor hospital to the transplant center, the transportation type and time, and the cold ischemia time were assessed.Results. Donor livers were delivered from hospitals 40-3500 km away from the transplant center, including by using regular air flights in 67% of cases. Transportation time varied from 1 to 8 h (median 3.5 h), which made 41% (interquartile range: 35-54%) of cold ischemia time.No statistically significant differences between the groups were seen in the donor, recipient and surgery characteristics. The median distance was 509 km in group 1 (interquartile range 130-1321 km), and 1321 in group 2 (interquartile range 897-3441 km), p<0.001; transportation time was 3.5 h (interquartile range : 2.5–4.7 h) and 3.5 h (interquartile range: 3.3–7.0 h), p = 0.022, the cold ischemia time was 8 h (interquartile range: 7–9.5 h) and 10 hours (interquartile range: 9-10.5 h), p <0.001, in group 1 and group 2, respectively, the difference being statistically significant for all parameters. Despite the tendency to increases in the incidence of the early allograft dysfunction (6/41 in group 1, 9/31 in group 2; p = 0.155), primary graft non-function (1/41 in group 1, 3/31 in group 2; p = 0.308), and the graft loss incidence during the first 6 weeks (4/41 in group 1; 7/31 in group 2; p = 0.189), these differences did not reach the statistical significance.Conclusion. The results of this retrospective study have confirmed the feasibility and clinical efficacy of donor liver transplantation after long-distance transportation. However, cold ischemia time exceeding 9 hours is the risk factor for poor initial graft function.

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Wu, Zhihui, Jinghui Heng, Min Tian, Hanqing Song, Fang Chen, Wutai Guan, and Shihai Zhang. "Amino acid transportation, sensing and signal transduction in the mammary gland: key molecular signalling pathways in the regulation of milk synthesis." Nutrition Research Reviews 33, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422420000074.

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AbstractThe mammary gland, a unique exocrine organ, is responsible for milk synthesis in mammals. Neonatal growth and health are predominantly determined by quality and quantity of milk production. Amino acids are crucial maternal nutrients that are the building blocks for milk protein and are potential energy sources for neonates. Recent advances made regarding the mammary gland further demonstrate that some functional amino acids also regulate milk protein and fat synthesis through distinct intracellular and extracellular pathways. In the present study, we discuss recent advances in the role of amino acids (especially branched-chain amino acids, methionine, arginine and lysine) in the regulation of milk synthesis. The present review also addresses the crucial questions of how amino acids are transported, sensed and transduced in the mammary gland.

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Messer, S., R. Axell, P. White, M. Roman, S. Colah, T. Tritton, A. Whitehouse, et al. "Restoring Function to the DCD Human Heart Using ECMO Followed By Transportation and Functional Assessment on the TransMedics Organ Care System." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 34, no. 4 (April 2015): S278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.779.

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Kennedy, L., S. Bejarano, E. P. Larochelle, and G. J. Tsongalis. "An Organized Approach to Multi-Organ Screening in Rural Honduras." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 48s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.31100.

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Background: Poverty, poor healthcare infrastructure and geographic location contribute to a total lack of cancer screening for most residents of rural Honduras. Three projects built upon each other to develop, with local leaders, multiorgan screening events that mitigated barriers to screening-based early detection of cancers. Targeted barriers included transportation, cost, community perception and convenience. Aim: To test a novel system of multiorgan screening for feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness. Methods: Leveraging well-known brigade-style medical outreach methods, two large-scale weekend programs for women and one for men over four years in the same rural location screened women for cancers of the cervix, breast, oral cavity, thyroid; and men for cancers of the testes, oral cavity, skin, prostate and colon; and connected participants with follow-up care at a Honduran cancer center. Screening methods ranged from simple throat palpation for thyroid lesions to molecular screening for high risk HPV. Generally, screening began with low-tech methods onsite to triage the participants and identify those at high-risk for cancer who should have more technical follow-up at an equipped clinic. Well-trained Honduran medical students provided screening capacity and community leaders were solely responsible for promoting the screening opportunities. Masking was not possible onsite, but data analysis in the U.S. was anonymized. Results: Participants were accrued to each program's capacity (n=400) in 2013 and 2016 and near capacity in 2017 with high levels of participants completing the screening programs, community engagement with the process, and compliance with referrals for clinical follow-up at a collaborating cancer center located three hours away. Participants identified at the screenings for clinical follow-up included for women: breast 2.7% (2013) and 4.2% (2016), thyroid 1.7% (2016), cervix/positive for high risk HPV 8.2% (2013) and 11.8% (2016); and for men all in 2017: skin 0%, testes 7%, colorectal 1%, oropharynx 1 participant, and prostate 6.7%. The dominant local narrative predicted men would not participate in screening, yet 326 participated and of that group, 239 self-identified as having possible colorectal symptoms based on seeing an advertising flyer with questions about symptoms of constipation, bloody stools, or unintended weight loss. That self-identified subset took the initiative to see the local nurse in advance, obtain a colorectal sample kit, collect three days of stool samples, and bring them to the screening event. Conclusion: With community engagement and attention to planning for organized and rapid throughput, large-scale multiorgan cancer screening may be feasible in low-income rural communities. Funding: The Jornada studies were funded by Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine and a special grant from Geisel's Munck-Pfefferkorn Fund.

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Khomenko, I. P., I. A. Lurin, S. O. Korol, V. Yu Shapovalov, and B. V. Matviichuk. "Conceptual principles of the wounded combatants’ evacuation, suffering military surgical trauma on the medical support levels." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 87, no. 5-6 (July 24, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2020.5-6.60.

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Objective. To improve the results of treatment of the wounded persons, suffering a combat surgical trauma, elaborating and introducing of objective scales of the trauma severity estimation into the medical evacuation system while conduction of Antiterroristic operation / Operation of Joint Forces. Materials and metods. Complex medical-statistical investigation was performed, in which 684 wounded persons, suffering a combat surgical trauma were included. Dynamical medical control and determination of the trauma severity degree in accordance to AdTS (Admission trauma Scale) were applied on all levels of medical support. Results. In the beginning of conduction of Antiterroristic operation / Operation of Joint Forces a mortallty have had occurred during transportation of wounded persons in unstable state (more than 9 points) to military-medical clinical centers. The wounded persons in a traumatic shock state were transported on forth level of medical support, what have been considered an organization defect in the help deliver process, which leaded to death of military persons. At the same time an unjustified delay of transportation of servicemen, suffering wounds of the wrist and foot (up to 5 points), on the first and second levels of medical support, leading to development of severe complications, have occurred. Taking into account the above mentioned, the authors have provided a differentiated approach for medical evacuation of wounded persons, suffering a combat surgical trauma, depending on its severity degree. Conclusion. Evacuation of wounded persons, suffering a combat surgical trauma, constitutes an integral part of the medical support system of Antiterroristic operation/Operation of Joint Forces, closely connected with a medical support process during transportation. Medical evacuation of wounded persons with injuries of the vision organ, the wrist and foot must be accomplished urgently to specialized clinic of the fourth level of medical support.

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Ayukawa, Tomonori, Kenjiroo Matsumoto, Hiroyuki O. Ishikawa, Akira Ishio, Tomoko Yamakawa, Naoki Aoyama, Takuya Suzuki, and Kenji Matsuno. "Rescue of Notch signaling in cells incapable of GDP-l-fucose synthesis by gap junction transfer of GDP-l-fucose in Drosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (September 4, 2012): 15318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202369109.

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Notch (N) is a transmembrane receptor that mediates cell–cell interactions to determine many cell-fate decisions. N contains EGF-like repeats, many of which have an O-fucose glycan modification that regulates N-ligand binding. This modification requires GDP-l-fucose as a donor of fucose. The GDP-l-fucose biosynthetic pathways are well understood, including the de novo pathway, which depends on GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase (Gmd) and GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose 3,5-epimerase/4-reductase (Gmer). However, the potential for intercellularly supplied GDP-l-fucose and the molecular basis of such transportation have not been explored in depth. To address these points, we studied the genetic effects of mutating Gmd and Gmer on fucose modifications in Drosophila. We found that these mutants functioned cell-nonautonomously, and that GDP-l-fucose was supplied intercellularly through gap junctions composed of Innexin-2. GDP-l-fucose was not supplied through body fluids from different isolated organs, indicating that the intercellular distribution of GDP-l-fucose is restricted within a given organ. Moreover, the gap junction-mediated supply of GDP-l-fucose was sufficient to support the fucosylation of N-glycans and the O-fucosylation of the N EGF-like repeats. Our results indicate that intercellular delivery is a metabolic pathway for nucleotide sugars in live animals under certain circumstances.

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Souza, Edgard de Castro, and Luiz Antonio Ribeiro. "FAILURES IN DTCS'S PIPELINES WITH PRODUCT LOSS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-373.

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ABSTRACT DTCS (Dutos e Terminais do Centro Oeste e São Paulo), an operational organ of PETROBRAS, is the organization responsible for the operation of a 2300-km-long pipeline system for the transportation of crude oil and hydrocarbons. Such a system, which is continually growing, has a representative history of leakage occurrences, particularly in its first years of operation. Based on a statistical analysis of these occurrences in the pipeline system, the number of leakages was reduced in the last few years through actions taken to minimize them. Criteria were established to define the proper moment for inspecting the pipelines with corrosion pigs, and other priority actions were also developed to reduce leakage occurrences. The data pertaining to occasional new leakage occurrences are analyzed every 6 months, and a report is issued proposing new actions or ratifying the existing ones.

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Li, Meng. "Staging a social drama: Ritualized framing of the spring festival homecoming in Chinese state media." Journalism 19, no. 9-10 (April 21, 2017): 1417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884917704090.

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The transformation of Chinese media from the propaganda organ of the Party-state to its central means of hegemony has given rise to typified news practices that vary in formality but cohere in functionality. Integrating theories of media ritual and framing, this study explores how Chinese state media ritualistically manufacture a public consensus on the interpretation of the annual Spring Festival homecoming, a chronic social problem that exposes socioeconomic inequalities and policy deficiencies. An analysis of the 2014 homecoming coverage on China Central Television (CCTV) reveals that state media create and popularize a state-sponsored social drama, reducing a complex, multifaceted social problem to a one-dimensional transportation crisis. This media ritual, in accordance with both the state’s mandate to maintain social stability and the media’s logic of commercial success, contains alternative interpretations and obscures the important social concerns encapsulated in this issue.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Organ transportation'

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