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Pinson, Jr Donald Lynn. "History and Current State of Performance of the Literature for Solo Trombone and Organ." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9050/.
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More than 200 compositions have been written for solo trombone and organ since the nineteenth century, including contributions from notable composers such as Franz Liszt, Gustav Holst, Gardner Read, Petr Eben, and Jan Koetsier. This repertoire represents a significant part of the solo literature for the trombone, but it is largely unknown to both trombonists and organists. The purpose of this document is to provide a historical perspective of this literature from the nineteenth century to the present, to compile a complete bibliography of compositions for trombone and organ, and to determine the current state of performance of this repertoire. This current state of performance has been determined through an internet survey, a study of recital programs printed in the ITA Journal, a study of recordings of this literature, and interviews and correspondence with well-known performers of these compositions. It is the intention of this author that this document will serve to make the repertoire for trombone and organ more accessible and more widely known to both trombonists and organists.
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Nelson, Bernadette. "The integration of Spanish and Portuguese organ music within the liturgy from the latter half of the sixteenth to the eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b736ca8f-0bb7-47a4-9ac4-2102b6cc3acb.
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Spanish and Portuguese organ music still remains a relatively unchartered area escaping the attention of most general assessments of European musical history. The work which has been done in this field has tended towards stylistic appreciations of the published large-scale compositions and the compilation of short biographies of prominent musicians. No extensive investigation has yet been undertaken which deals with such fundamental issues as the role of the organist and the origins and function of the extant organ repertory, of which a large proportion lies dormant in manuscripts, within the liturgy. Indeed, there is no monograph about organists and organ music in the Iberian peninsula as a whole. The overall aim of this thesis is to provide a musical background and liturgical context for short organ pieces called <u>versos</u> which were thoroughly integrated within a musical celebration of the Offices. For this end, a variety of musical and documentary material has been examined: practical sources of organ music; plainchant manuals; ceremonials and musical treatises. To an enormous extent this organ music was subject to long-standing liturgical customs and legislation, as well as to strongly defined traditions of musical composition. The prescriptions to the organist given in the ecclesiastical constitutions and how these may have been realized in the Canonical Hours and in the Mass constitutes the essence of part two of this thesis. This interpretation of musico-liturgical practices has entailed an examination of the relationship between plainchant and the organ verset and the technicalities of mode and tranposition which were involved when alternating the organ with choral plainchant. An analysis is also made of the musical development of versets based on the psalm-tones, organ hymns (the <u>Pange lingua</u> in particular) and the 'organ mass'. An anthology of transcriptions complementing this discussion is contained in a separate volume. As a counterbalance to the analytical discussion in part two, part one provides an historical and cultural background to the subject. An assessment is made of the contribution made by individual organists and organ 'schools' and some consideration is made of the extent to which both royal and ecclesiastical patronage was responsible for the livelihood of music and the arts.
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Bray, Michael Robert. "The liturgical canticle settings for chorus and organ of Ralph Vaughan Williams." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186253.
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Within the sacred choral music of composer Ralph Vaughan Williams, little is known regarding his subset of works intended for liturgical use. This study focuses on the canticle settings for choir and organ, written by Ralph Vaughan Williams for use in Anglican Worship. The compositions in this study include: Magnificat and Nunc dimittis (Village Service), Te Deum in G, Service in D Minor and Te Deum and Benedictus. This study provides a discussion of the structure and history of the Anglican service and a description of how canticle settings traditionally function in liturgical worship. Each work in this study is analyzed with particular attention given to form and structure, harmonic language, text derivation and declamation, melodic tendencies and the role of the organ accompaniment. Evidence gathered from this study demonstrates that, although the liturgical canticle settings for choir and organ are diverse in function and style, they contain many common characteristics in such compositional areas as: structural form, voicings, consistent use of thematic material, and the effective application of text to music. Suggestions for performance options of the settings are also included in the results of this study. It is hoped that, through differentiating between these works with regard to function and style, this study will help close the lacuna in the choral literature concerning Vaughan Williams' smaller liturgical works and serve as an introduction to modern choral conductors.
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Murphy, Liesel. "A critique of baroque performance practice with specific reference to the organ preludes and fugues by Johann Sebastian Bach." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1023.
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This study aims to provide a critique of Baroque performance practice, with specific reference to the organ Preludes and Fugues of Johann Sebastian Bach. Drawing from the extensive body of literature pertaining to Bach’s keyboard music, a number of relevant issues are explored in so far as these may provide understanding of the manner in which the organ Preludes and Fugues should be performed today. These include: • The notion of Bach’s ‘generic’ keyboard works. Were the generic keyboard works as a whole intended to be performed on more than one keyboard instrument? The instrumental designations given by Bach in these works are a valuable source of information in answering this question. • The type of organ that was known to J.S. Bach and typical registration used in the Baroque, called the plenum. • Identification of the grey area that persists in the interpretation of Bach’s organ works with regard to registration, tempo, rhythm, articulation, phrasing, fingering and ornamentation. This study also engages with the current authenticity debate in musical performance as seen from the modernist and postmodernist points of view. The modernist ideal of authenticity is to “re-create” or “reconstruct” performances of Bach’s music with as much accuracy as the evidence of historical musicologists can provide. For the postmodernist, however, authenticity lies in embracing the human element of contingency in musical performance, along with a thorough grounding of such performance in historical evidence. In aligning itself with the postmodernist point of view, this study ultimately argues that we cannot learn everything there is to know about Baroque performance practice from books. Instead, in addition to historical evidence, we draw much of our understanding in this regard from our innate or tacit levels of knowing. In this regard the scholar of Bach’s organ works can draw valuable lessons from the levels of tacit knowledge of leading organ pedagogues and performers on the subject of Baroque performance practice.
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Mulvey, Margaret N. "The School Fugue: Its Place in the Organ Repertoire of the French Symphonic School, a Lecture Recital, Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of J.S. Bach, D. Buxtehude, C. Franck, P. Eben, F. Mendelssohn, R. Schumann, M. Reger and Others." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278639/.
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This study focuses on the central role which fugue d'ecole, as defined and taught by the post-revolutionary Conservatoire de Paris, played in re-establishing standards of excellence in organ composition and aiding the development of the French Symphonic Organ School. An examination of counterpoint and fugue treatises by Cherubini, Dubois, and Gedalge reveals the emergence of a specific school fugue form, intended for academic purposes only, as a means to instilling discipline and honing the technical skills required in all forms of musical composition.
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Johnson, Bruce Richard. "The rise of the French organ symphony with special reference to the works of Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002308.
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This thesis on the Rise of the French Organ Symphony refers especially to the relevant works of Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor. It commences with a survey of the historical background, dealing with the development of French organ music from the 16th to 19th Century and the development of organ building in France from the 17th to 19th Century. It then proceeds to descriptions of the organs of St Clotilde, La Trinité and St Sulpice Churches in Paris, which are followed by biographical profiles of Cesar Franck, Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor, respectively. The major part of the thesis is devoted to a detailed analysis of the organ sonatas of Guilmant and the organ symphonies of Widor, which are discussed from the point of their cyclic outline and aspects of form and of style. The final chapter summarises the major findings of the analytical research and evaluates by comparative method, the merits and achievements of the two composers. In addition, Appendices are attached, providing specifications of various French organs and pictorial material relevant to the thesis. A separate cassette tape features characteristic sounds of Cavailie-Coll organs.
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Carpinetti, Miriam Emerick de Souza. "O orgão tubular : guia pratico sobre seu idiomatico com ilustrações dos Quadros de uma Exposição de Moussorgski." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284709.
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Acompanha 2 CD-ROM<br>Orientador: Edmundo Pacheco Hora<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T16:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: Com interesse em difundir o órgão, instrumento distante do público brasileiro, esta dissertação de mestrado articulará informações práticas de consulta sobre suas características físicas e qualidades expressivas. Não estando o órgão, inserido na atual cultura brasileira, uma vez que há pouca divulgação do instrumento, em face de escassa
produção de obras nacionais e pouca literatura em português, esta pesquisa torna-se, assim, um importante referencial para seu estudo. Ela visa prover um material prático de
consulta para a compreensão do idiomático do órgão tubular bem como de sua escrita, seu funcionamento e suas características fônicas, utilizando como ilustração, diferentes transcrições da obra "Quadros de uma Exposição" (1874) de Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky (1839-1881). O trabalho é composto de dois capítulos. No primeiro, são apresentadas informações como a descrição do instrumento, sua notação e técnica interpretativa, ilustradas por exemplos extraídos das transcrições para órgão, no segundo.
Neste, comparam-se os diversos procedimentos utilizados nas transcrições publicadas e
gravadas, especialmente apontando dentro desse universo, os procedimentos menos fiéis
ao texto original. Este trabalho mostrará os elementos de notação, textura, tessitura, dinâmica, registração, resultados tímbricos e acústicos, os quais são muito diversificados,
devido ao fato dos autores das transcrições serem oriundos de países europeus que cultivaram, durante séculos, tradições organísticas diferenciadas. É intenção, pois, que esta pesquisa sirva de apoio para a compreensão da arte de registrar, das adaptações que os organistas precisam fazer ao interpretarem obras em diferentes órgãos, assim como para a realização de composições e transcrições idiomáticas.<br>Abstract: Aiming at exposing the organ, an instrument distant from the Brazilian audiences, this dissertation will deal with practical information for consulting the organ's physical characteristics and its expressive qualities. Due to little exposure, and scarce production of national works for this instrument, together with scarce literature on this subject in Portuguese and the organ's not being included in current Brazilian culture, this research presents itself as an important reference for the study of the organ. It envisages to be a practical research material for the understanding of the pipe organ's idiomatic writing, its functioning and its sound characteristics, these being illustrated by different transcriptions of Modeste Petrovich Mussorgsky's (1839-1881) Pictures at an Exhibition (1874). This project has two chapters. In the first one, data like the description of the instrument, its notation and interpretive techniques are presented; and in the second they are illustrated with examples taken from transcriptions for the organ. In the latter, various procedures utilized in published and commercial transcriptions and recordings are compared, especially pinpointing the procedures which are less faithful to the original text in that universe. This work will show the elements of notation, texture, tessitura, registration, timbre and acoustic results, which are highly varied due to the fact that the authors of such transcriptions having come from different European countries which cultivated differentiated organ traditions along the centuries. The intent of this dissertation is thus to support one in the art of registration, in the adaptations that organists need to make when interpreting pieces on different organs, as well as in the rendering of compositions and idiomatic writings.<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Música
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Javadova, Jamila. "Anthoni van Noordt: Historical and Analytical Analysis of His Tabulatuurboeck van Psalmen en Fantasyen of 1659." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6092/.
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This dissertation presents a historical and analytical study of the organ works of Anthoni van Noordt. Van Noordt's Tabulatuurboeck is one of the most important music publications in mid-seventeenth-century Netherlands. It gives unique, valuable information on organ playing of its time. The process of discrete analysis has led to the identification and exploration of many details, such as extensive use of pedal, the reliance of the composer on rhetorical principals of composition, and his integration of the Italian and German principals of ensemble techniques. The dissertation is divided into three major parts. The first part contains chapters on van Noordt's biography based on available archival documents as well as a chapter on the organ and its role in seventeenth -century Amsterdam. The second part is solely dedicated to the Tabulatuurboeck examining the physical and technical features of the publication including the style of the publication, the letter and staff notation, hand positions, and rhetorical components. Finally, the third part studies the music and its peculiar characteristics with separate chapters on the variations and fantasias.
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Pinson, Donald Lynn. "History and current state of performance of the literature for solo trombone and organ." connect to online resource, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9050.
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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2008.<br>System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 4 recitals, recorded Mar. 1, 2004, Jan. 31, 2005, Jan. 30, 2006, and Apr. 21, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-64), and discography (p. 41-49).
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Kirilov, Kalin Stanchev. "Harmony in Bulgarian Music." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13533.
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555 pages<br>This study focuses on the development of harmonic vocabulary in Bulgarian
music. It analyzes the incorporation of harmony in village music from the 1930s to the
1990s, "wedding music" from the 1970s to 2000, and choral and instrumental
arrangements (obrabotki, creations of the socialist period (1944-1989). This study also
explains that terms which are frequently applied to Bulgarian music, such as
"westernization," "socialist-style arrangements," or "Middle Eastern influence," depict
sophisticated networks of codified and non-codified rules for harmonization which to
date have not been studied. The dissertation classifies different approaches to harmony in
the above mentioned styles and situates them in historical and cultural contexts, examines
existing principles for harmonizing and arranging Bulgarian music, and establishes new
systems for analysis. It suggests that the harmonic language of the layers of Bulgarian
music is based upon systems of rules which can be approached and analyzed using
Western music theory. TV1y analysis of harmony in Bulgarian music focuses on representative examples of each style discussed. These selections are taken from the most
popular and well-received compositions available in the repertoire.<br>10000-01-01
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Ram, Deepak. "A portfolio of original compositions exploring syncretism between Indian and western music." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002320.
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In this dissertation, overviews and detailed examinations of three compositions are presented. These compositions which constitute the portfolio of the M.MUS degree, are an attempt to explore syncretism between Indian and western music. Two of these works are written for a flute quartet (flute, violin, viola and cello) accompanied in part by a mridangam (Indian percussion instrument). The third work is written for a jazz quartet (piano, saxophone, double bass and drums). Syncretism between western and Indian music can take on a variety of forms, and while this concept is not new, there exists no suitable model or framework through which these compositions can be analysed. The approach used In this dissertation IS therefore guided solely by the compositions themselves. The syncretism in these works lies in the use of melodic, rhythmic and timbral elements of Indian music within two ensembles which are essentially western. This dissertation describes each of these elements in their traditional context as well as the method of incorporating them into western ensemble playing.
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Schmid, William A. (William Albert). "An Analysis of Elements of Jazz Style in Contemporary French Trumpet Literature." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332815/.
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French trumpet works comprise a large portion of the contemporary standard repertoire for the instrument, and they frequently present unique stylistic and interpretive challenges to performers. The study establishes the influence of jazz upon Henri Tomasi, André Jolivet, Eugène Bozza and Jacques Ibert in their works for solo trumpet. Idiomatic elements of jazz style are identified and discussed in terms of performance practice considerations for modern-day trumpeters.
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Brownlee, Jane. "The Transmission of Traditional Fiddle Music in Australia." Master's thesis, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13919.
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Brownlee, Jane. "The transmission of traditional fiddle music in Australia." Master's thesis, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7913.
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Williams, Stephanie E. (Stephanie Evangeline). "On folk music as the basis of a Jamaican primary school music programme." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63211.
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Sarmast, Ahmad Naser. "A survey of the history of music in Afghanistan, from ancient times to 2000 A.D., with special reference to art music from c.1000 A.D." Monash University, School of Music-Conservatorium, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9685.
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Papanikolaou, Dimitris. "Singing poets : literature and popular music in France and Greece /." London : Legenda, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016510046&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Strahle, Graham. "Fantasy and music in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs896.pdf.
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Schmitz, Michael David. "Oriental influences in the piano music of Claude Achille Debussy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187118.
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This paper explores the influences of Vietnamese and Indonesian music in the piano compositions of Claude Debussy. A brief background of Debussy's formative years and of pertinent social trends in Paris at the turn-of-the-century is provided. This paper then looks at two specific musical events that affected the way Debussy composed for the piano: the Javanese and Annamite exhibits at the Exposition Universelles de 1889 and 1900 in Paris. The musical styles and timbres of these two countries are explored, backed up by accounts of what Debussy actually experienced at the Expositions. Following a look at specific musical effects used by Debussy that reveal the influence of the Orient, this paper surveys an extensive body of his piano music chronologically, focusing on compositional techniques that were learned from the Asian ensembles at the cultural exhibits of the Paris Expositions. This paper reveals the depth of the Oriental influence in Debussy's piano music.
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Brennan, Matthew. "Down beats and rolling stones : an historical comparison of American jazz and rock journalism." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/222.
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Jazz and rock have been historically treated as separate musical traditions, despite having many similar musical and cultural characteristics, as well as sharing significant periods of interaction and overlap throughout popular music history. The rift between jazz and rock, and jazz and rock scholarship, is based on a set of received assumptions as to why jazz and rock are different. However, these assumptions are not naturally inherent to the two genres, but are instead the result of a discursive construction that defines them in contrast to one another. Furthermore, the roots of this discursive divide are to be found in the history of popular music journalism. In this thesis I challenge the traditional divide between jazz and rock by examining five historical case studies in American jazz and rock journalism. My underlying argument is that we cannot take for granted the fact that jazz and rock would ultimately become separate discourses: what are now represented as inevitable musical and cultural divergences between the two genres were actually constructed under very particular institutional and historical forces. There are other ways popular music history could have been written (and has been written) that call the oppositional representation of jazz and rock into question. The case studies focus on the two oldest surviving and most influential jazz and rock periodicals: Down Beat and Rolling Stone. I examine the role of critics in developing a distinction between the two genres that would eventually be reproduced in the academic scholarship of jazz and rock. I also demonstrate how the formation of jazz and rock as genres has been influenced by non-musicological factors, not least of all by music magazines as commercial institutions trying to survive and compete in the American press industry.
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Lau, Man-chun, and 劉文俊. "A study of Hong Kong popular music industry (1930-2000)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4389608X.
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Chapman, Christopher Adam 1964. "Regional traditions of Lao vocal music : lam siphandon and khap ngeum." Monash University, School of Music-Conservatorium, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7867.
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McAfee, Kay Roberts. "Rhetorical Analysis of the Sonatas for Organ in E Minor, BWV 528, and G Major, BWV 530, by Johann Sebastian Bach a Lecture Recital, Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of J. Alain, D. Buxtehude, C. Franck, and Others." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331342/.
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This dissertation is an analysis of two of the six sonatas for organ using rhetorical-musical prescriptions from seventeenth and eighteenth-century German theorists. It undertakes to examine the way in which lines are built by application of figurae, to observe the design of each of the six movements, and to draw conclusions concerning implications for performance based upon the use of figurae in specific contexts. The period source on melodic design and the ordering of an entire movement based upon principles of rhetoric is Johann Mattheson's Per volkommene Capelmeister (1739). Guidelines for categorization of figures derive from the twentieth-century writers Timothy Albrecht, George Buelow, Lena Jacobson, and Peter Williams. Chapter I provides justification for the rhetorical approach through a brief description of the rise of the process as applied to composition during the Baroque period by relating Bach's own familiarity with the terminology and processes of rhetorical prescription, and by describing the implications for performance in observing the sonatas from the rhetorical viewpoint. Chapter II deals with the process of composition by rhetorical prescription in (1) the invention of the subject and its figural decoration and (2) the elaboration of the subject through the sixpart discourse of an entire movement. Specific figures of decoration are defined through examples of their use within the context of the sonatas. Chapter III constitutes the analysis of the six sonata movements. Chapter IV reinforces the justification of this type of analysis. The figures, as aids for inflection and punctuation, affect decisions concerning articulation of events and assist in effecting convincing performance.
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Peter, Timothy Layne. "Johann Mattheson's "Das Lied des Lammes": Progressive tendencies in the evangelist recitatives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186414.
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This document examines the compositional style of Johann Mattheson's passion, Das Lied des Lammes. Specifically, this document will examine the stile recitativo of Italian opera seria in Hamburg during Mattheson's years at the Domkirche. Mattheson's ideas regarding the role of the recitative in his passions are verified in Mattheson's article entitled "Des fragenden Componist" (1724), which appeared in the fifth volume of his journal Critica Musica, thus giving clear evidence supporting a non-emotional approach with the evangelist recitatives. These new approaches found in Critica Musica, derived from Italian opera in connection with Mattheson's writings, are in comparison to the musical devices in recitatives used by Mattheson's predecessors Schutz, Bernhard, Theile, and Keiser. The results of these comparisons show a natural progression of stylistic changes in recitatives in passion settings up to Mattheson's years at the Domkirche in Hamburg.
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Matambo, Lotta Eleonoora. "The solo piano music of Einojuhani Rautavaara." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002311.
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Einojuhani Rautavaara's oeuvre is characterised by four distinctive creative periods, each demonstrating a remarkable variety of compositional idioms and styles. His application of multifaceted elements, often within a single work leading to notions of postmodernism, is derived from multifarious sources, such as (Finnish) folklore, Orthodox mysticism and a wide variety of standard twentieth century compositional techniques. Furthermore, Rautavaara regularly quotes from his own material, thus creating elements of auto-allusions within his oeuvre; a predisposition which forms an essential part of his compositional aesthetic. Analyses of eight piano works (1952-2007) provide a cross-section of Rautavaara's output which, together with a consideration of biographical factors and analytical focus on the intertextual elements of his writing, offers a rationale for determining the development of his musical identity. The analyses conclude that intertextual elements, which appear through a diverse array of expressive modes (such as mysticism, nationalism and constructivism) are an essential part of Rautavaara's eclectic compositional style and contribute to an understanding of the on-going development of his musical identity.
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Card, Patricia Pierce. "The influence of klezmer on twentieth-century solo and chamber concert music for clarinet with three recitals of selected works of Manevich, Debussy, Horovitz, Milhaud, Martino, Mozart and others /." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2002. http://www.library.unt.edu/theses/open/20023/card%5Fpatricia/index.htm.
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Burns, Kristine Helen. "The history and development of algorithms in music composition, 1957-1993." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902512.
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This dissertation traces the history and development of algorithms in musical composition from ca. 1957 to 1993 and attempts to clarify related terminology from the contexts of computer science, information science, and music theory and composition.The first of three sections begins with an extensive definition of the term algorithm. Because this term is relatively new to musical vocabulary, the definition appearing in this dissertation will include both musical and non-musical applications.Historically and currently, there are three major approaches to algorithmic composition with computers: 1) algorithms for sound synthesis; 2) algorithms for compositional structure; and 3) algorithms for the correlation of sound synthesis with structure. Consideration will be given to the latter two approaches, algorithms for the generation of the micro- and macrostructural elements of musical composition.Several different processes exist under the umbrella of algorithmic composition. Included in the body of this dissertation are detailed explanations and descriptions of specific software and hardware from the following processes: stochastic, chaotic, rule-based, grammars, and artificial intelligence.Second, an historical survey of musical compositions and related written literature covering musical and non-musical resources organized into three chapters: 1957-1972, 1973-1982, and 1983-1993. These compositions and written resources have had significant impact on determining how subsequent composers made use of computers for composition.In the third section an annotated study of the algorithmic compositions from ca. 1957-1993 will be presented. Special emphasis has been placed on information garnered from personal correspondence and interviews.Five appendices are devoted to relevant cross-disciplinary information from the fields of computer science, information science, and music theory and composition; included are: 1) a list of terms; 2) an alphabetical listing of algorithmic compositions; 3) a discography; 4) a bibliography of relevant information from the disciplines discussed; and 5) a list of algorithmic computer systems, languages, and programs covered in this research. There is significant overlap in the use of computer algorithms by the scientific and the musical communities, therefore, the inclusion of definitions and terminology is necessary for a deeper understanding of the musical applications.<br>School of Music
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Forward, David William. "The keyboard repertory as a reflector of art nouveau in music /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf745.pdf.
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Rhodes, Carol Shirley. "The dance of time: The evolution of the structural aesthetics of the prepared piano works of John Cage." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187153.
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John Cage, (1912-1992) pioneer in new music, innovator, inventor of the happening and philosopher, writer and artist was one of the most creative forces of the twentieth century. His earliest works were 25-tone contrapuntal compositions. He later developed a strong interest in writing for percussion ensembles and collected instruments that were both found and made. He conducted his own percussion orchestras and discovered that they were the answer to his philosophy of the sounds of the future. He considered percussion music the transition from keyboard-influenced music to music which allowed for all sounds and silences. From 1939-1951 John Cage composed several works for prepared piano that used time as a structural device. Many of these works were written for the dance in collaboration with Merce Cunningham. This document addresses the historical significance of these works and relates Time to other areas that influenced Cage--including Zen and the Dance. This document provides descriptive analyses of Bacchanale, Music for Marcel Duchamp and selected Sonatas from the Sonatas and Interludes. To this writer's knowledge there have not yet been any analyses of Bacchanale or Music for Marcel Duchamp. The analyses reveal Cage's primary structural techniques in which he uses duration of spaces of time. Time lengths and the square root method appear to be the most important. These techniques first appeared in Imaginary Landscape #1 and First Construction in Metal--both dating from 1939. A brief description of all his prepared piano works is included to demonstrate Cage's commitment to rhythmic structuring. All of these works have been studied by this writer and several have been performed in concert by this writer. These include: Music for Marcel Duchamp, Primitive, For a Valentine Out of Season, A Room, Prelude for Meditation, Amores (Movements I and IV), and selected Sonatas from Sonatas and Interludes. A section has been included which explains the nature of materials used for preparations and their timbral effects. A Conclusion is provided demonstrating that Cage chose rhythm over harmony to structure his music. This information is drawn from the influences on Cage, his early percussion works, procedures employed in the percussion works and transferred to the prepared piano and the influence of dancers and Oriental philosophy. An Appendix is included with charts of the Sonatas. A Bibliography which shows the references consulted is included.
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CHINCOLI, Veronica. "Black North American and Caribbean music in European metropolises : a transnational perspective of Paris and London music scenes (1920s-1950s)." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/62230.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 15 April 2019<br>Examining Board:
Professor Stéphane Van Damme, European University Institute;
Professor Laura Downs, European University Institute;
Professor Catherine Tackley, University of Liverpool;
Professor Pap Ndiaye, SciencesPo<br>This thesis examines black music circulation in the urban spaces of London and Paris. It shows the complexity of the evolutionary processes of black musical genres, which occurred during the late imperial period (1920s-1950s) within the urban music scenes of two imperial metropolises, and how they played an important role on the entertainment circuit. Both cities functioned as sites of crossfertilisation for genres of music that were co-produced in a circulation between empires and Europe. Musicians of various origins met in the urban spaces of the two cities. The convergence and intermingling of musical cultures that musicians had brought with them produced new sounds. This process was influenced by a minority group (blacks), but had a significant and lasting influence on the musical world. By creating an historical account of the encounters and exchanges between people of different origins within the music scenes, this thesis examines music development and the complexity of processes of racialisation according to their historical locality and meaning. Using a variety of sources including police reports, government documents, interviews, guidebooks and newspapers, this work contributes to widen the perspective of historical studies on music developments, emphasising their social and spatial dimensions, which are fundamental for the exploration of music scenes, in general, and for the spread of black genres of music in particular. Black music styles spread internationally, but were produced in several specific locations where music industry infrastructure was developing. In the urban spaces of the music scenes of London and Paris social networks were formed by various actors - both blacks and whites - and were crucial for music production and reception; different perceptions of blackness, processes of competition, and debates on authenticity emerged; and processes of regulation and negotiation underpinned the intervention of public authorities.<br>Chapter 4 'Black Music Styles as Vehicles for Trans-racial Interplay: Practices of Learning, Perceptions of Blackness and Commercialisation of Music' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article “Black Music Styles as Vehicles for Transnational and Trans-Racial Exchange: Perceptions of Blackness in the Music Scenes of London and Paris (1920s-1950s),” (2017) in the journal 'Zapruder world'
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West, Aaron J. "Caught Between Jazz and Pop: The Contested Origins, Criticism, Performance Practice, and Reception of Smooth Jazz." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9722.
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Vendrix, Philippe Pierre 1964. "Quelques aspects de l'historiographie musicale en France a l'epoque baroque (French text)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276706.
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L'historiographie musicale trouve dans la France de l'epoque baroque un champ ideal de developpement. Ce phenomene est lie a la conjonction de differents facteurs: le modele fourni par l'histoire generale, l'heritage humaniste, les mouvements polemiques, les tentatives de refonte de l'histoire de l'Eglise. Les musicographes, de Salomon de Caus (1615) a Jacques Bonnet-Bourdelot (1715), etablissent les fondements d'une critique historique et l'appliquent dans des ouvrages qui annoncent l'expansion de la musicologie a l'age des Lumieres.
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Ryan, Robin Ann 1946. ""A spiritual sound, a lonely sound" : leaf music of Southeastern aboriginal Australians, 1890s-1990s." Monash University, Dept. of Music, 1999. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8584.
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Smith, David John. "The instrumental music of Peter Philips : its sources, dissemination and style." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d1af3140-2553-4f58-8437-a1eee66d7f13.
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There are fifty-one instrumental pieces by Philips, many of which occur in versions for ensemble, keyboard and lute. The sources have a wide geographical and chronological span. This research is based upon an extensive first-hand examination of the sources of Philips's instrumental music, and a detailed comparative study of the textual variants of each piece. The thesis divides into three parts. In the first, a biographical chapter relates Philips's instrumental music to the changing nature of his employment. Then the main sources of his instrumental music, the manuscripts copied by Francis Tregian, are discussed at length. The remaining keyboard sources are considered, followed by consort and lute sources. In Part 2 the technique of intabulation is shown to be central to Philips's keyboard style. A distinction is made between arrangements made by Philips of his own works, those made by him of other composers' works, and settings of his music made by others. A case study of the 'Dolorosa Pavan' is used to illustrate how widely Philips's music was disseminated, and allows us to establish a stemma of sources which helps us to elucidate - and improve - our understanding of their inter-relationships. A second case study attempts to establish the origins of the pavan dated by Tregian to 1580: the original 'model' on which the keyboard piece is based has not survived. The thesis ends with an attempt to place Philips's instrumental repertory in the context of his contemporaries, using Philips's music as a 'touchstone' to refer to relationships (mostly stylistic) with other composers. Part 3 comprises transcriptions of Philips's instrumental pieces. The texts of each source for a piece are given in parallel with the minimum of editorial adjustment: Part 3 is intended to be a reference tool, not an edition.
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Le, Cocq Jonathan. "French lute-song, 1529-1643." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a712369-836c-45e4-9f84-91045f297b3f.
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A study of French-texted solo songs and duets with lute or guitar accompaniment notated in tablature, dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Connected repertoires include the Parisian chanson, psalm, <i>voix de ville</i>, dialogue, and <i>air de cour</i>. Sources are examined in terms of their background, composers represented in them, relationship to concordant and other musical sources, repertoire, and musical conception. Foreign and manuscript sources are included. Literary references indicating the status of sixteenth-century lute-song, its importance to humanists (including its role in the <i>Académie de Poésie et de Musique</i>), and its position in theatrical works, are considered. Issues of notation, musical and poetic form, prosody, rhythm, ornamentation, lute pitch and tuning, relationship to polyphonic versions, to the <i>ballet de cour</i>, to dance forms, and to solo instrumental styles such as <i>stile brisé</i> are examined. Early references to continuo practice and to the theorbo are noted. Several arguments are developed, including 1. that the sixteenth-century Le Roy publications were conceived primarily as solo lute music, 2. that from the late sixteenth-century onwards lute-songs were initially conceived as melody-bass outlines, and may to an extent be regarded as continuo realisations, and 3. that rhythmic features of the <i>air de cour</i> commonly related to the influence of musique mesurée may also be explained with reference to earlier attempts to adapt the <i>voix de ville</i> to humanist goals, and also to the influence of the Italian villanella. Includes tables and bibliographies. Musical examples, facsimiles, and transcriptions are included in a separate volume.
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Johnston, Gregory Scott. "Protestant funeral music and rhetoric in seventeenth-century Germany : a musical-rhetorical examination of the printed sources." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27359.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis is an investigation into the musical rhetoric of Protestant funeral music in seventeenth-century Germany. The study begins with an exposition on the present state of musicological inquiry into occasional music in the Baroque, focusing primarily on ad hoc funeral music. Because funeral music is not discussed in any of the basic music reference works, a cursory overview of existing critical studies is included. The survey of this literature is followed by a brief discussion of methodological obstacles and procedure with regard to the present study.
Chapter Two comprises a general discussion of Protestant funeral liturgy in Baroque Germany. Although numerous examples of the Divine Service in the Lutheran Church have survived the seventeenth century, not a single order of service for the funeral liturgy from the period seems to exist. This chapter provides both the social and extra-liturgical background for the music as well as a plausible Lutheran funerary liturgy based on documents from the period and modern studies.
Prosopopoeia, the rhetorical personification of the dead, is the subject of Chapter Three. After examining the theoretical background of this rhetorical device, from Roman Antiquity to the German Baroque, the trope is examined in the context of funerary sermonic oratory. The discussion of oratorical rhetoric is followed by an investigation into the musical application of the concept of prosopopoeia in various styles of funerary composition, from simple cantional-style works to compositions in which the personified deceased assumes certain physical dimensions.
Chapter Four includes an examination of various other musical-rhetorical figures effectively employed in funeral music. Also treated in this chapter are musica1-rhetorical aspects of duple and triple metre, where triple metre in particular, depending on the text, can be understood figuratively, metaphorically or as a combination of both. As this chapter makes clear, owing to the perceived antithetical properties of metre and certain figures, musical rhetoric was often used to illustrate the distinction between this world and the next.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Music, School of<br>Graduate
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Baquet, N. Eugene. "Blues Story: Narratives of Cultural Identity." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BaquetNE2006.pdf.
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Hausfeld, Gretchen Gayle. "The treatment of the bassoon in three chamber works of Igor Stravinsky." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186265.
Full textAbstract:
This document examines Stravinsky's treatment and use of the bassoon in three of his chamber works: L'Histoire du Soldat, Octet, and Septet. The research contained within will, in part, assess the extent to which Stravinsky has affected the development of the bassoon's role in a chamber ensemble, and will provide a general evaluation of his varied treatment of the bassoon in terms of technique, range, articulation, and ensemble. Another aspect of this study considers the possibility that Stravinsky wrote for the French system bassoon. A comparison of the two types of bassoon systems will demonstrate why Stravinsky's works seem so ungrateful to many modern bassoonists who have been trained on the German system instrument.
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Dube, Michelle Claire. "Prelude of Suite V for cello solo by J. S. Bach: Options for performance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186392.
Full textAbstract:
There exists no autograph manuscript for the six suites for solo violoncello by J. S. Bach. Three manuscript copies of the suites by Anna Magdelena Bach, J. J. H. Westphal, and J. P. Kellner are available but vary in many aspects including pitches, slur markings, and scordatura tuning. These differences make it difficult for the cellist to determine what most accurately displays Bach' s intentions for performance. A version of Suite V for the lute survives in its original manuscript form by J. S. Bach. Although much of the version is not playable on the cello, due to the lute's many strings, significant and pertinent information can be gained from this manuscript. Chords, intervals, differing sequence patterns, and differing pitches are all evident when comparing the lute version with the manuscript copies. Many of the added notes from the lute version are playable on the cello and add to the resulting harmony. These playable notes are included in the Appendix in the author's own edition of the Prelude to Suite V based upon the lute score. While a cellist may not choose to follow the lute score, many questions stemming from the variances found in the manuscript copies can be made clearer. The Prelude to Suite V was written in the French overture form. There is much controversy as to the manner in which a French overture should be performed. Thus, the performance practice of the French overture style is discussed and presented. Proponents of the style feel it pertained to music of the Baroque period, irregardless if it was written by a French composer, while others feel that no such style existed and there was no basis to include Bach's music in the use of the French overture style. Both sides of the French overture style are presented and related to the performance, specifically, to the Prelude of Suite V for cello solo.
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James, Douglas Goff. "Luigi Rinaldo Legnani: His life and position in European music of the early nineteenth century, with an annotated performance edition of selections from 36 Capricci per Tutti I Tuoni Maggiori E Minori, Opus 20." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186632.
Full textAbstract:
Luigi Legnani (1790-1877) was an important guitarist/composer of the early nineteenth century Italian Romantic school. In addition, he was also a highly skilled singer, violinist, and luthier. Legnani's guitar compositions represent the logical next step after Giuliani; fully evocative of the operatic vocal style characterized by Rossini, and technically adventurous in much the way Paganini's compositions were for the violin, although not to the same degree. His contributions to guitar literature form an important link in the chain of compositional and technical development during the nineteenth-century. This study is in two parts. The first will present as concise a biography as possible, particularly regarding Legnani's concert itineraries, contributions to guitar construction, and relationship with Paganini. An examination of little-known contemporary reviews of his performances will serve as a means of both documenting his concertizing and developing a concept of Legnani's performance style. The second part, an annotated performance edition of selections from Legnani's most famous composition, 36 Capricci per tutti i tuoni maggiori e minori, opus 20, will provide a basis for the understanding and successful performance of Legnani's music by modern guitarists. In conclusion, Legnani's unique contributions to both guitar composition and construction are reevaluated, and an up-to-date list of compositions appended.
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Nercessian, Andy Hagop. "Marxism-Leninism, national identity, and the perception of Armenian music." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619554.
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Perry, Shirley Mercedes. "Selected Psalms, Old Verses and Spiritual Songs of the Canadian Doukhobors: Transcription and musical analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185897.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to select songs specific to the Doukhobor song repertoire which were not previously notated and to record, notate and analyze the melodies for use in music education. The first limitation of the study was to focus on the sacred repertoire which is comprised of three genre of song, namely the Psalms, the Old Verses and the Spiritual Songs. A comparison of the song titles of Old Verses and Spiritual Songs which are found in the two major Canadian Doukhobor song text collections was made with other Russian song text collections to determine a subset of songs unique to the Doukhobor tradition. The second limitation of the study was then applied, which was to select those Old Verses and Spiritual Songs believed to exist prior to the beginning of the twentieth century. Forty-five melodies, comprised of 11 Psalms, 18 Old Verses and 16 Spiritual Songs were included in the study. The notation of each example is accompanied by one verse of Russian text and transliteration and by documentary information stating the genre, the Doukhobor song text collection reference number, the singers' names, and a tape source in the researcher's private collection. Full and/or partial translations of the texts are provided.
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Keightley, Keir. "The history and exegesis of pop : reading "All summer long"." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22458.
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The study of popular music has experienced an astonishing growth in the past two and a half decades; however, the detailed analysis of musical texts has lagged far behind other areas, such as the sociology of the youth audience and analysis of the visual components of music video. This thesis undertakes a survey of recent approaches to popular music at the textual level, before examining the construction of an individual song, the Beach Boys' 1964 recording of "All Summer Long". While many parameters affecting the creation of the cultural significance of the text in question are discussed, ultimately the exegesis serves to problematize larger issues in scholarly work on popular music, particularly the dominance of the paradigms of rupture, rebellion, and authenticity in relation to the historiography and criticism of the formation known as "rock".
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Rushing-Raynes, Laura. "A history of the Venetian sacred solo motet (c. 1610--1720)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185473.
Full textAbstract:
In 17th century Italy, the trend toward small sacred concertato forms precipitated the publication of a number of volumes devoted exclusively to sacred solo vocal music. Several of these, including the Ghirlanda sacra (Gardano, 1625) and Motetti a voce sola (Gardano, 1645) contain sacred solo motets by some of the best Italian composers of the period. Venetian composers were at the forefront of the move toward the smaller concertato forms and, to fulfill various needs of church musicians, wrote in an increasingly virtuoso style intended to highlight the solo voice. This study traces the development of the solo motet in the sacred works of Venetian composers from the time of Monteverdi to Vivaldi. It revolves around sacred solo motets composed at Saint Marks and the Venetian ospedali (orphanages). It includes works of Alessandro Grandi, Claudio Monteverdi, Francesco Cavalli, and Antonio Vivaldi. It also deals with solo motets of lesser composers whose works are available in modern critical and performing editions or in recently published facsimiles. In addition to providing a more detailed survey of the genre than has been previously available, this study provides an overview of highly performable (but largely neglected) repertoire.
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Linekin, Kim. "The modern popular song as a literary art form." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37216.pdf.
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Kotze, Hanneli. "Agogiek in historiese perspektief met spesiale verwysing na die 18de eeu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/65460.
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Thesis(M.Mus.) -- Stellenbosch University, 1987.<br>VOORWOORD
Die twintigste eeu beleef 'n besondere belangstelling in die outentieke uitvoering van ou musiek en
dit is 'n studieveld wat reeds uitgebreid nagevors is. Desondanks bestaan daar steeds baie
vraagstukke aangaande sekere uitvoeringspraktyke en styltipes en hoe ouer die musiek, hoe meer
problematies word 'n outentieke uitvoering, veral as gevolg van die groot verskille tussen die
moderne en ou instrumente, die speeltegnieke en die dikwels ontoereikende notasie.
Die teoriee wat die twintigste eeuse musici aangaande die uitvoeringspraktyke geformuleer het, is
hoofsaaklik gebaseer op ou geskrifte, verhandelinge en onderrigboeke uit die onderskeie
styltydperke. Daar bestaan baie teenstrydighede tussen hierdie teoriee, veral met betrekking tot
die musiek van die Barokperiode. Die uitvoering van musiek van die Klassieke en veral die
Romantiese periodes is minder problematies en die redes hiervoor is hoofsaaklik die volgende: Die
notasiesisteem het reeds tydens die Hoog-Klassieke tydperk tot sy huidige vorm ontwikkel. Verder
het musiekkritiek en -geskiedskrywing segert die agtiende eeu toenemend meer aandag geniet en
bestaan daar dus meer inligting aangaande uitvoeringspraktyke.
Ten spyte daarvan dat hierdie na vorsing reeds dekades gelede begin het, is daar steeds groot
onkunde daaromtrent en word daar dikwels min aandag gegee aan die outentieke uitvoering van ou
musiek. Hierdie studie is 'n paging om die navorsing wat reeds gedoen is krities te ondersoek en 'n
moontlike samevatting daarvan te gee.<br>Digitized at 300 dpi B/W PDF format (OCR), using ,KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner. Digitised, Rebecca Patterson on 28 August 2013. Digitization of Music Thesis Project
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Hurley, Therese. "Jeanne d'Arc on the 1870s Musical Stage: Jules Barbier and Charles Gounod's Melodrama and Auguste Mermet's Opera." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12991.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the presentation of Joan of Arc's life in two lyric works, Jules Barbier and Charles Gounod's Jeanne d'Arc (1873) and Auguste Mermet's Jeanne d'Arc (1876), that premiered in Paris following the upheaval of the Franco-Prussian War and Paris Commune. Relying on Parisian journals of the day, I follow two trends: some critics called for a historically-informed presentation of Joan's life and others appealed to retain certain supernatural elements, specifically the Fairy Tree and the Voices, of Joan's story. In addition to these trends, I consider an article printed shortly before the premiere of Mermet's opera and discuss the political and religious implications of the final scene (Charles VII Coronation in Reims or Joan's execution in Rouen) in these two stage works.
After an introductory chapter and a chapter tracing the geneses of the melodrama and the opera, the remaining chapters each deal specifically with one of the three above-mentioned lines of inquiry as they relate to Joan of Arc's story. Chapter III discusses historical characters (Charles, duc d'Orléans, King René, and Agnès Sorel), historical music (minuet and Vexilla regis), and music believed to have been sung in the presence of Joan of Arc (Veni Creator Spiritus and Orate pro ea). Chapter IV addresses the continuing presence of legendary, supernatural elements--specifically the Fairy Tree and the Voices--and how these elements have changed in nineteenth-century stage works about Joan. In Chapter V, the difficulty of adapting Joan's life on the stage is examined. A closer look reveals that differing views existed during the 1870s as to exactly what her mission entailed. The two works reflect the changing attitudes on this topic.
As a whole, this dissertation offers an examination of two rarely discussed stage works that reveal the political, religious, and musical climate surrounding the figure of Joan of Arc in the 1870s.
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Stein, Eric 1973. ""Living right and being free" : country music and modern American conservatism." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21267.
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The rising popularity of country music in the United States since WWII is a cultural phenomenon intimately related to the ascendance of conservative values, leaders, and movements over the same period. By routinely celebrating themes like heterosexual love, the patriarchal nuclear family, hard work, individualism, freedom, patriotism, religion, and small-town life, country music provided the soundtrack for the insurgent conservatism of politicians like George Wallace, Richard Nixon, and Ronald Reagan. In the sixties and seventies, while other forms of popular music (rock, folk, soul) articulated the values of liberals, socialists, hippies, war protestors, feminists, and civil rights activists, country music alone stood for the "traditional" values cherished by the so-called "silent majority" that powered the rise of the Right. The spread of both country music and conservatism is also a reflection of the "southernization" of America---the diffusion across the nation of cultural and political traits long associated with the South.
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McMahon, Orlene Denice. "Listening to the French new wave : the film music and composers of postwar French art cinema." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610716.
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Stafford, Andrew. "Pig city : from The Saints to Savage Garden." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004.
Find full textAbstract:
She comes from Ireland, she's very beautiful
I come from Brisbane, and I'm quite plain Pig City
- The Go-Betweens, Lee Remick
If popular music really is a universal language, it's curious how easily a song - even a commercially obscure one - can come to symbolise a city's identity. The stories of
London, Liverpool, Manchester, Dunedin, Detroit, Memphis, Nashville, New York, New Orleans, San Francisco and Seattle are inextricably entwined with the music made there. Robert Forster, however, could never have imagined that his self-deprecating paean to an actress would become so fabled in his home town.
This is understandable. Queensland's often stifling subtropical capital doesn't exactly spring to mind when discussing the world's great musical cities. Partly this comes down to Australian pop and rock's poor-relation status next to the United States and
the United Kingdom. Inside Australia, too, Brisbane for decades wore a provincial reputation as a big country town, at least in the southern capitals of Sydney and Melbourne.
Of course, one of the most successful bands in recording history began life in Brisbane in the late 1950s. But the Bee Gees didn't so much outgrow the city as outgrow Australia. Struggling for recognition, the Brothers Gibb began an exodus of musicians out of the country when they left for their native UK at the beginning of 1967, the year before a peanut fanner, Joh Bjelke-Petersen, took control of
Queensland's ruling Country Party (later the National Party).
The literature on Australian pop is only beginning to accumulate, so again it is understandable that Brisbane, so far, has rated little more than a footnote. The bigger problem is that the footnote has remained the same, recycled in various contexts by various authors: that music in Brisbane especially the punk scene of the late '70s -
was overwhelmingly a reaction to the repression of the Bjelke-Petersen era.
This is partly true. Bjelke-Petersen's rule of Queensland between 1968 and 1987 was nothing if not iron-fisted. Public displays of dissent were often brutally suppressed;
the rule of law was routinely bent to the will of those charged with its enforcement; minorities were treated as simply another obstacle on the path to development. To top
it all off, the electoral system was hopelessly rigged in favour of the incumbents. 'Here,' writes Rod McLeod, 'in a city practically under police curfew, you fucked and
fought, got stoned, got married, or got out of town.'
But it makes little sense to give a politician too much credit for the creation of a music scene. Major cultural movements result from an intersection of local, national and
international factors. The Saints were not so much a reaction to living in a police state as they were a response to the music of not just the Stooges and the MC5, but the Easybeats and the Missing Links. And it's doubtful the national success of a string of Brisbane acts in the '90s - from Powderfinger to George - could have happened
without the nationalisation of the Triple J network.
Of course, it would be naïve to suggest that growing up in a climate of fear and loathing did not heavily distort the prism through which these artists saw the world. As Saints guitarist Ed Kuepper says, 'I think the band was able to develop a more obnoxious demeanor, thanks to our surroundings, than had everyone been really nice.' In the words of Australian music historian Ian Mcfarlane, 'That Australia's most conservative city should give rise to such a seditious subcultural coterie is a sociological phenomenon yet to be fully explored.
This book is my attempt to document the substantial yet largely unsung contribution that Brisbane has made both to Australian popular culture and to international popular
music. In doing so, I aimed to chart the shifts in musical, political and cultural consciousness that have helped shape the city's history and identity. In its broadest
sense, Pig City is the story of how Brisbane grew up.