Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organ culture

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Organ culture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Organ culture"

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Jackson, Kevin S., Kari Inoue, David A. Davis, Tyvette S. Hilliard, and Joanna E. Burdette. "Three-Dimensional Ovarian Organ Culture as a Tool to Study Normal Ovarian Surface Epithelial Wound Repair." Endocrinology 150, no. 8 (May 7, 2009): 3921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1674.

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Ovarian cancers are primarily derived from a single layer of epithelial cells surrounding the ovary, the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Ovarian surface proliferation is associated with ovulation and has been suggested to play a role in ovarian surface transformation and cancer progression. Aspects of ovarian surface repair after ovulation include proliferation, migration, and surface regeneration. To study ovarian surface repair, an organ culture system was developed that supports the proliferation, encapsulation, and repair of an artificially wounded surface. Wounded mouse ovaries embedded into an alginate hydrogel matrix have normal OSE cells as demonstrated by expression of cytokeratin 8, vimentin, N-cadherin, and a lack of E-cadherin. Normal OSE cells began proliferating and migrating around wounded surfaces after 1 d of culture. Organ cultures were propagated in medium supplemented with BSA and fetal bovine serum to determine optimal growth conditions. BSA cultured organs had OSE that proliferated significantly more than controls until d 4, whereas fetal bovine serum cultured organs had significantly more surface area encapsulated by OSE. Overall, a three-dimensional ovarian organ culture supports the growth of normal OSE in response to artificial wounding and provides a novel system for investigating wound repair as it relates to the possible role of ovulation and ovarian cancer.
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Ehlers, Niels. "Cornea in organ culture." Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1, no. 4 (August 1990): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00055735-199001040-00005.

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Ehlers, Niels. "Cornea in organ culture." Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1, no. 4 (August 1990): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00055735-199008000-00005.

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Haynes, Jeffrey H., Thomas M. Krummel, Louise C. Flood, I. Kelman Cohen, and Robert F. Diegelmann. "Fetal Skin Organ Culture." Journal of Investigative Surgery 3, no. 4 (January 1990): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08941939009140361.

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Tammi, Raija, and Howard Maibach. "Skin Organ Culture: Why?" International Journal of Dermatology 26, no. 3 (April 1987): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00881.x.

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Erickson-Lamy, Kristine A., and James A. Nathanson. "Epinephrine in organ culture." Experimental Eye Research 55 (September 1992): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(92)90484-a.

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Anderson, G., and E. J. Jenkinson. "Fetal Thymus Organ Culture." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2007, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): pdb.prot4808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot4808.

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BORDERIE, V. M., M. LOPEZ, and L. LAROCHE. "Donor corneo-scleral rim cultures after organ culture." British Journal of Ophthalmology 81, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 513d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.81.6.513d.

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Lim, Chung S., Serafim Kiriakidis, Ewa M. Paleolog, and Alun H. Davies. "Cell death pattern of a varicose vein organ culture model." Vascular 21, no. 3 (May 13, 2013): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538113478413.

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The study aimed to investigate the viability of a varicose vein (VV) organ culture model by assessing cell death pattern. To assess pattern of cell death with time, VV organ cultures were incubated for up to 14 days with regular medium changed. To assess viability, cell death of VV organ cultures treated with sodium azide and their untreated counterparts was assayed. Increased cell death was measured in VV organ cultures from day 0 to 2. Cell death decreased gradually after day 2 and plateaued from day 8 to 14. VV organ cultures treated with sodium azide demonstrated significantly more cell death in tissue ( P = 0.001). Cell death measured in cultures treated with sodium azide continued to increase until day 7. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the viability of a VV organ culture model with most cell death occurred within the first two days and then declined to a relatively low level.
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Walkenbach, Ronald J., and James G. Corwin. "Corneal deturgescence during organ culture." Current Eye Research 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688709025191.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organ culture"

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Heil, Bradley R. "DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS IN AN ORGAN CULTURE MODEL." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/47.

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Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical procedure in which applied strain stimulates new bone growth; however, the underlying mechanisms by which bone cells respond to load are still uncertain. An organ culture model of DO was developed and validated by using linear distraction on the femoral shafts of 5 day old Wistar rats. Two loading regimes were utilized: distracting the bones for 2 hrs on day 1 (GRP I); distracting the bones for 2 hrs on days 1, 3, and 5 (GRP II). After 1 week in culture, the bones were compared to unloaded contralateral controls and assessed for changes. Structural, dimensional, massing, micro-CT, areal, and viability properties were obtained from testing. Relative to paired controls, distracted bones demonstrated an increase in failure load (9.15% GRP I, 18.85% GRP II), increase in stiffness (31.28% GRP I, 53.21% GRP II), increases in areal and polar moments of inertia, and viability (6.21% GRP I, 13.02% GRP II). Our results suggest that DO can be modeled successfully with an organ culture, and continued use of this system will help to gain insight into the mechanisms and pathways by which distraction osteogenesis occurs.
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Roach, H. I. "Possibilities and limitations of bone organ culture." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377420.

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Wortman, Morris Rachel. "Facing the Waitlist: Visual Grammars of Organ Donation and Transplantation." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338035019.

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Berggren, Diana. "Applications of organ culture of the mouse inner ear." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Öron- näs- och halssjukdomar, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99333.

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The embryonic mouse inner ear was used as a model with which to study ototoxicity and tissue interactions. The inner ear anlage can be explanted and cultured in vitro from about the 12th gestational day (gd), and will differentiate parallel with the inner ear developing in vivo until a time corresponding to birth (21st gd). During this period the ovoid sac develops into the labyrinth. In the present thesis work, otic anlagen from gd 12, 13, 13.5, 15 and 16 were used. As a rule the explants were kept in culture until a time point equivalent to the 21st gd. Analyses using freeze-fracture technique and transmission electron microscopy showed that in cultured 13th gd otocysts the development of junctional complexes followed the same principal pattern as in vivo. Tight junctions develop into many strands lying parallel to the apical surface of all epithelial cells. Uncoupling of the hair cells occurs with loss of gap junctions. Some tight junctions had an aberrant appearence, with in part very thick strands and strands running at right angles to the apical surface. All aminoglycosides are potentially ototoxic. In the inner ear, outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and vestibular type I hair cells are affected by these antibiotics. The access route to the hair cells and the sites and mechanisms of action of aminoglycosides are not precisely defined. The uptake of tritiated tobramycin in 16th gd inner ears was studied. An initial rapid uptake of the drug, within 10 min, was followed by a slower accumulation, reaching a steady state after 60 min. Most of the tobramycin was bound reversibly, at least after a short period of incubation (2 h). The irreversibly bound fraction was of the same magnitude as the uptake within 10 min. Uptake took place against a concentration gradient. The otocyst can differentiate even without the statoacoustic ganglion. The interaction of the sensory epithelium with the ganglion was investigated by explanting the statoacoustic ganglion without target tissue. Twenty-five percent of the ganglions survived and had outgrowth of neurites but there was no differentiation into either the cochlear or vestibular type of neuron cells. Exposure of cultured otocysts (13 or 13.5 gd) to l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, a 1-proline analog that disrupts formation of collagen, resulted in retarded morphogenesis of the labyrinth and a dose- dependent derangement of the basal lamina. The expression of intermediate filaments (IFs) was analysed using monoclonal antibodies. The same IF pattem was found in cultured inner ears as in vivo. Explants were taken on 13th, 15th or 16th gd. Exposure to gentamicin, ethacrynic acid or cisplatin did not alter the IF composition. Cytokeratins (CKs) 8 and 18 were identified in all inner ear epithelia. In addition CKs 7 and 19 were visualized in the epithelia involved in maintaining endolymph homeostasis. The ganglion cells showed coexpression of CK, vimentin and neurofilaments. The elemental composition of the endolymph compartment of 16th gd inner ears cultured for 5 days was studied using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Na to K ratios characteristic of endolymph were found.

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Finney, K. J. "Effects of trophic factors on intestinal mucosa in organ-culture." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382882.

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SMITH, PETER FRANCIS. "A NOVEL ORGAN CULTURE SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF HEPATOTOXICITY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188134.

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The popular use of in vitro systems for toxicity studies has increased dramatically over the past decade. Among the in vitro systems used, primary hepatocyte cultures are the most widely employed. However, in addition to being difficult to obtain and maintain in culture, the functional heterogeneity of liver is absent. Primary organ cultures of thin liver slices should overcome these limitations but the lack of a reproducible method for the rapid preparation of thin, consistent slices, combined with the difficulty in maintaining adult liver tissue in culture, has hindered their use for in vitro hepatotoxicity studies. Using a recently-developed tissue slicer, thin, consistent liver slices were prepared rapidly under minimally traumatic conditions. Subsequent culture of these slices in a novel dynamic organ culture system (DOCS) resulted in a maintenance of hepatocyte functional integrity. Slice adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and K⁺ content were maintained at in vivo levels, following an initial recovery period (2-4h) for up to 20h. Protein synthesis and secretion were linear for 20h and 16h respectively. Slices also synthesized glycogen between 4 and 12h in culture and were hormonally-responsive during the 20h culture period as demonstrated by a two-fold stimulation of glucose production by glucagon (10⁻⁷ M). Bromobenzene and allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity were studied in this system of organ culture. The slices retained their biotransformation ability for at least 6h based on maintenance of cytochrome P-450 content and O-deethylase activity. Either compound caused dose (.01-1.0 mM) and time (0-6h) dependent cytotoxicity as indicated by the loss of slice K⁺, inhibition of protein synthesis and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). By 2h, a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of protein synthesis was observed in allyl alcohol (.05 mM) treated slices. At 4h and 6h, significant loss of slice K('+), LDH, and inhibition of protein synthesis were evident in slices exposed to allyl alcohol (0.25 mM) or bromobenzene (0.5 mM). This toxicity was blocked by co-treatment with pyrazole (1.0 mM) or SKF 525-A (100 μM) in slices exposed to allyl alcohol or bromobenzene, respectively. Therefore, this system provides a new tool for the in vitro study of hepatotoxicity under conditions where hepatocellular functional integrity and biotransformation are maintained.
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Coletta, Riccardo. "Manipulating growth and differentiation of embryonic intestine in organ culture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/manipulating-growth-and-differentiation-of-embryonic-intestine-in-organ-culture(ad43b8a7-2499-4813-a1de-c46a24a079aa).html.

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Background: An ex vivo experimental strategy replicating in vivo intestinal development would provide an accessible setting to study normal and dysmorphic biology, and would be a test bed for tissue engineering. Previous studies implicated transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in postnatal gut maturation and regeneration following injury, but its potential role in intestinal development is poorly understood. I firstly hypothesised that embryonic small intestine is able to heal after physical injury. To test this idea, I aimed to create an organ culture model using explants of embryonic jejunum. I secondly hypothesised that TGFβ1 affects embryonic small intestine growth and differentiation. Accordingly, I aimed to use the same organ culture model to determine potential effects of exogenous TGFβ1.Methods. Segments of mouse embryonic jejunum were isolated by dissection and placed on semipermeable platforms. They were fed with defined, serum free, media, in some cases supplemented with TGFβ1. Growth, differentiation and healing of explants were characterized and quantified using a battery of techniques that included whole mount imaging, histology, immunostaining and RNA arrays. TGFβ1 was measured in amniotic fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Groups were compared by statistical tests. Results: After three days of culture, jejunal rudiments differentiated from simple tubes into a more complex structures containing smooth muscle surrounding newly formed villi. Pairs of rudiments, linked by a thread, fused and formed a continuous single lumen, as assessed by trajectories of fluorescent dextrans injected into their distal ends. Functional continuity was confirmed by spontaneous waves of peristalsis crossing the point of fusion. In vivo, TGFβ receptors I and II were detected in embryonic longitudinal smooth muscle cells and, in organ culture, exogenous TGFβ1 induced differentiation of longitudinal smooth muscle. Microarray profiling showed that TGFβ1 increased smooth muscle associated transcripts in a dose-dependent manner. TGFβ1 protein was detected in amniotic fluid at a time when the embryonic small intestine was physiologically herniated. Conclusion: Embryonic jejunal segments can fuse to form a single functional organ when aided by a mechanical manipulation. By analogy with the requirement for exogenous TGFβ1 for smooth muscle differentiation in culture, the TGFβ1 protein that I demonstrated to be present in the amniotic fluid may enhance intestinal development when it is physiologically herniated in early gestation. Future studies of embryonic intestinal cultures should add TGFβ1 in the defined media to produce a more faithful model of in vivo muscle differentiation. In future, this model could be used to test whether other growth factors enhance intestinal growth, and so pave the way to novel biological treatments for short bowel syndrome, a devastating disease with a high mortality.
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Conklin, Brian Scott. "Viability of porcine common carotid arteries in a novel organ culture system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17282.

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Shidrawi, Ray Georges. "Molecular immune aspects of coeliac disease : organ culture and peptide binding studies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243337.

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Watts, Susan Margaret. "Inhibition of neointima formation using the human saphenous vein organ culture model." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264064.

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Books on the topic "Organ culture"

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Sabin, Levi, and Louder James, eds. Organ culture in Israel and Palestine. [Charleston, S.C.]: BookSurge, 2005.

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Gamborg, Oluf L., and Gregory C. Phillips, eds. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79048-5.

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The organ in western culture, 750-1250. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Bach's feet: The organ pedals in European culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Mukherjee, Tapan Kumar, Parth Malik, and Srirupa Mukhopadhyay, eds. Practical Approach to Mammalian Cell and Organ Culture. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1731-8.

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Ludlow, John W., and Joydeep Basu. Organ regeneration: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana, 2013.

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The organ and its music in German-Jewish culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Arvesti Institut (Haykakan SSH Gitutʻyunneri Akademia), ed. Organnai͡a︡ kulʹtura Armenii =: Hayastani ergehonayin arvestě = The organ culture of Armenia. Erevan: Izd-vo "Gituti͡u︡n" NAN RA, 2001.

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Le registrazioni organistiche nelle culture europee: Dal 1500 al 2000. Udine: Pizzicato, 2001.

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Radole, Giuseppe. Le registrazioni organistiche nelle culture europee: Dal 1500 al 2000. Udine: Pizzicato, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Organ culture"

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Davies, Jamie. "Fetal Organ Culture." In Replacing Animal Models, 81–87. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119940685.ch8.

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Deng, Zimu, Haifeng Liu, Jinxiu Rui, and Xiaolong Liu. "Reconstituted Thymus Organ Culture." In T-Cell Development, 151–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2809-5_13.

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Miura, Yoko. "Retinal Pigment Epithelium Organ Culture." In Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Health and Disease, 307–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28384-1_18.

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Gruis, D., H. Guo, Q. Tian, and O. A. Olsen. "Endosperm Cell and Organ Culture." In Plant Cell Monographs, 111–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7089_2007_118.

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Szuplewska, Aleksandra, Michal Chudy, and Zbigniew Brzozka. "Organ-on-a-chip Systems." In Cardiac Cell Culture Technologies, 55–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70685-6_4.

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Gleddie, Stephen C. "Protoplast Isolation and Culture." In Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 167–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79048-5_14.

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Jirsova, Katerina, Patricia Dahl, and W. John Armitage. "Corneal Storage, Hypothermia, and Organ Culture." In Light and Specular Microscopy of the Cornea, 41–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48845-5_3.

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Dame, Michael K., and James Varani. "Human Colon Tissue in Organ Culture." In Replacing Animal Models, 69–80. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119940685.ch7.

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Saunders, Marnie M., J. Van Sickels, B. Heil, and K. Gurley. "Organ culture modeling of distraction osteogenesis." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 163–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0219-0_23.

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Pels, E., and W. J. Rijneveld. "Organ Culture Preservation for Corneal Tissue." In Eye Banking, 31–46. Basel: KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000223837.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organ culture"

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Lee, Cynthia R., Mauro Alini, and James C. Iatridis. "Organ Culture System for Mechanobiology Studies of the Intervertebral Disc." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61248.

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The development of in vitro models is critical for furthering understanding of the intervertebral disc and the development of disc regeneration/tissue engineering. An in vitro culture system targeted towards mechano-biology studies of the intervertebral disc (IVD) was built and validated using bovine coccygeal discs. Discs were maintained in culture for up to one week with and without vertebral endplates. Water content and glycosaminoglycan content were found to be stable and cells were metabolically active when cultured under a 5kg static load.
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Han, Hai-Chao, Raymond P. Vito, Kristin Michael, and David N. Ku. "Axial Stretch Increases Cell Proliferation in Arteries in Organ Culture." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2516.

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Abstract To study the effect of axial stretch on vascular function and wall remodeling, porcine carotid arteries were cultured under conditions of physiological flow and elevated axial stretch in an ex vivo organ culture system. Smooth muscle cell proliferation was measured by bromodeoxyuridine index. Results showed that cell proliferation was significantly increased in the highly stretched arteries when compared to the normally stretched arteries. This may indicate the feasibility of stimulating new arterial growth by stretching natural arteries.
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Quee, Shawn Chin, Hai-Chao Han, and David N. Ku. "Bench-Top Validation Tests for Tissue-Engineered Arteries." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2514.

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Abstract Standard tests are needed for evaluating and comparing the mechanical and biological functions of tissue engineered arteries and other vascular grafts. We propose an ex vivo organ culture system as a living system for testing tissue-engineered vascular grafts. This bench-top organ culture system mimics the physiological environment of arteries including the flow, pressure, and the axial stretch. Arterial mechanical properties and physiologic functions including compliance, burst pressure, and contractile functions can be assessed before an expensive long-term animal test is initiated. Test results of natural arteries indicate that organ culture is a valid model for comprehensive evaluation of tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
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Shirakashi, Ryo, Tomomi Yoshida, Christophe Provin, Kiyoshi Takano, Yasuyuki Sakai, and Teruo Fujii. "Steady Measurement of Glucose Metabolism of Hepatocyte." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32750.

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Production of hybrid artificial organs for implantation is one of the main topics of tissue engineering. A large organ consisting of soft tissues requires a high cell density, c.a. 108 cells/mL, to satisfy the same physiological metabolic rate per organ-volume as an organ in vivo. Therefore, the supply of oxygen and nutrition to all the cells composing the soft tissue is always critical problem for the in vitro artificial organ production. Energy metabolic rates, such as oxygen and glucose metabolism rate, of single cell at various temperatures are the basic data for designing the oxygen and nutrition transport in an artificial organ. It is reported that several conditions including pH, temperature, oxygen or glucose concentration have effects on energy metabolism, although these interactions are not clearly quantitatively measured mainly because of the problems of measuring systems. In this study, convenient method to measure glucose consumption rate of hepatocyte (HepG2 cell line) at different temperature and glucose concentration is proposed. A device for the measurement was developed which consists of a small closed chamber with an inlet and an outlet of culture medium at the both ends of the chamber. On the one side of the walls in the chamber, confluent HepG2 on a coverslip was installed. Culture medium supplemented with various concentration of glucose was supplied to the open flow chamber in a constant flow rate. The whole chamber was in a thermostatic bath to keep the temperature in the chamber constant. Glucose consumption rate can be calculated by measuring the difference between glucose concentration of inlet culture medium and outlet culture medium, the flow rate and the number of cells in the chamber. Enzymatic analysis using D-Glucose-HK allows quantification of the sample glucose concentration. The advantages of the proposed method include; 1) small number of cells is required for the measurement, c. a. 105cells, 2) the flow pattern and the glucose supply are in steady state. Especially the latter advantage made it possible to evaluate the effects of different conditions on the glucose consumption rate. Since the most of the metabolic rate were measured under unsteady state, conditions, such as pH, oxygen concentration and glucose concentration, were changed sometime drastically during the measurement. The results provided the several parameters of Michaelis-Menten kinetics at various temperatures.
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Shen, Jin-Hui, Karen M. Joos, Richard D. Robinson, Debra J. Shetlar, and Denis M. O'Day. "Human cornea wound healing in organ culture after Er:YAG laser ablation." In BiOS '98 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Pascal O. Rol, Karen M. Joos, and Fabrice Manns. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.309425.

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Gazes, Seth, Alexander Caulk, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "Computer Controlled Device to Independently Control Flow Waveform Parameters During Organ Culture and Biomechanical Testing of Mouse Carotid Arteries." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19445.

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Understanding the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease progression is essential in developing novel therapies to combat this disease that contributes to 1 in 3 deaths in the United States every year. Endothelial dysfunction and its effects on vessel growth and remodeling are key factors in the progression and localization of atherosclerosis. Much of our understanding in this area has come from in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. However, perfused organ culture systems provide an alternative approach[1]. Organ culture systems can provide a more controlled mechanical, neural, and hormonal environment compared to in-vivo models. This study focused on furthering development of an organ culture model for mouse arteries by introducing a novel device to produce flow waveforms at the high frequencies and low mean flows seen in the mouse model.
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Hagmeyer, Britta, Julia Schütte, Jan Böttger, Rolf Gebhardt, and Martin Stelzle. "Tailoring microfluidic systems for organ-like cell culture applications using multiphysics simulations." In SPIE MOEMS-MEMS, edited by Holger Becker and Bonnie L. Gray. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2002475.

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Gurkan, Umut A., Adam Krueger, and Ozan Akkus. "Mechanical Stimulation Enhances the Production of BMP-2 in Ossifying Rat Bone Marrow Organ Cultures." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206745.

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Bone marrow is a reservoir of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitors. It was previously shown [1, 2] and we have recently verified that in vitro cultures of bone marrow undergo osteogenesis without addition of osteoinductive stimulants. We hypothesized that the in vitro ossifying bone marrow organ culture system can be used as a model to investigate the dynamics of the osteogenesis process and its mechanoresponsiveness in terms of expression of key osteoinductive factors. The outcomes of these studies can be used to develop more effective tissue engineered substitutes for bone regeneration by the utilization of multiple osteogenic factors with complex/sequential delivery mechanisms.
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Grosso, S., M. Katayama, R. Roela, S. Nonogaki, F. Soares, M. Brentani, and J. Goes. "Transcriptional Profile Changes Induced by Rapamycin in Breast Cancer Maintained in Organ Culture." In Abstracts: Thirty-Second Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 10‐13, 2009; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-6129.

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Becker, Holger, Ingo Schulz, Alexander Mosig, Tobias Jahn, and Claudia Gärtner. "Microfluidic devices for cell culture and handling in organ-on-a-chip applications." In SPIE MOEMS-MEMS, edited by Bonnie L. Gray and Holger Becker. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2037237.

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Reports on the topic "Organ culture"

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KellerLynn, Katie. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293664.

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Geologic Resources Inventory reports provide information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in GRI reports may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting held in 2006 and a follow-up conference call in 2020. Chapters of this report discuss the geologic heritage, geologic history, geologic features and processes, and geologic resource management issues of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. Guidance for resource management and information about the previously completed GRI GIS data is also provided. A GRI poster (separate product) illustrates the GRI map data.
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Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.

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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environment for the events of fertilization yet thus far those events and the role of the female tract in influencing them are poorly understood. For this project, we have chosen to focus on the lower reproductive tract because it is the site of two processes critical to reproduction: sperm management (storage, maintenance, and release from storage) and fertilization. E,fforts during this project period centered on the elucidation of mating responses in the female lower reproductive tract The central goals of this project were: 1. To identify mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract using DNA microarray technology. 2. In parallel, to identify mating-responsive genes in these tissues using proteomic assays (2D gels and LC-MS/MS techniques). 3. To integrate proteomic and genomic analyses of reproductive tract gene expression to identify significant genes for functional analysis. Our main achievements were: 1. Identification of mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract. We identified 539 mating-responsive genes using genomic and proteomic approaches. This analysis revealed a shift from gene silencing to gene activation soon after mating and a peak in differential gene expression at 6 hours post-mating. In addition, comparison of the two datasets revealed an expression pattern consistent with the model that important reproductive proteins are pre-programmed for synthesis prior to mating. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). Validation experiments using real-time PCR techniques suggest that microarray assays provide a conservativestimate of the true transcriptional activity in reproductive tissues. 2.lntegration of proteomics and genomics data sets. We compared the expression profiles from DNA microarray data with the proteins identified in our proteomic experiments. Although comparing the two data sets poses analyical challenges, it provides a more complete view of gene expression as well as insights into how specific genes may be regulated. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). 3. Development of primary reproductive tract cell cultures. We developed primary cell cultures of dispersed reproductive tract cell types and determined conditions for organ culture of the entire reproductive tract. This work will allow us to rapidly screen mating-responsive genes for a variety of reproductive-tract specifi c functions. Scientific and agricultural significance. Together, these studies have defined the genetic response to mating in a part of the female reproductive tract that is critical for successful fertllization and have identified alarge set of mating-responsive genes. This work is the first to combine both genomic and proteomic approaches in determining female mating response in these tissues and has provided important insights into insect reproductive behavior.
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Bacharach, Eran, W. Ian Lipkin, and Avigdor Eldar. Identification of the etiological agent of tilapia disease in the Lake of Galillee. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597932.bard.

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Background to the topic. Tilapines serve as the second most important group of farmed fish worldwide. Massive mortality of wild and cultured tilapia has been observed recently in Israel but the pathogen of this disease has not been identified. We proposed to identify the agent responsible for disease.  Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We characterized the lesions in diseased fish and found that the brain was one of the affected organs. We found conditions to isolate from brains of diseased fish the etiological agent of the tilapia disease and to propagate it in cell culture. This led to the identification of the pathogen as a novel RNA virus, which we named Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). Electron microscopy of TiLV revealed virion-like particles and ether/chloroform-sensitivity assays demonstrated that TiLV is enveloped. Low passage TiLV, injected intra-peritoneally to tilapia, induced a disease with over 80% mortality. Cohabitation of healthy with diseased fish demonstrated that the disease is contagious, and that mortalities occur within few days. Fish surviving initial mortality were immune to further TiLV infections, suggesting the mounting of protective immune response. Screening cDNA libraries and high throughput sequencing determined the sequence of TiLV genome. This demonstrated that TiLV is indeed a novel virus and allowed the design of a PCRbased diagnostic test.  Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The characterization of a novel, emerging RNA virus that imposes major threat to the tilapia industry, enables the specific identification of the virus in tilapines. This allows prompt screening and surveillance of TiLV, epidemiological studies, and disease containment. This also potentially opens the way for the development of vaccines against TiLV.
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Kapulnik, Yoram, Maria J. Harrison, Hinanit Koltai, and Joseph Hershenhorn. Targeting of Strigolacatones Associated Pathways for Conferring Orobanche Resistant Traits in Tomato and Medicago. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7593399.bard.

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This proposal is focused on examination of two plant interactions: parasitic with Orobanche, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and the involvement of a newly define plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), in these plant interactions. In addition to strigolactones role in regulation of above-ground plant architecture, they are also known to be secreted from roots, and to be a signal for seed germination of the parasitic plants Orobanche. Moreover, secreted strigolactones were recognized as inducers of AMFhyphae branching. The present work was aimed at Generation of RNAi mutants of both tomato and Medicago, targeting multiple genes that may be involved in strigolactone production, carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, Pi signaling or other metabolic pathways, and hence affect AMF colonization and/or Orobanche resistance. Following the newly formed and existing RNAi mutants were examined for AMF colonization and Orobanche resistance. At the first phase of this project Orobanche seed germination assays and AMF colonization were examined in intact plants. These assays were shown to be effective and resulted with enhancement of Orobanche seed germination and AMF colonization in WT tomato plants, whereas roots of strigolactones impaired lines did not result with Orobanche seed germination and mycorrhiza colonization. Unexpectedly, root organ cultures (ROC) that were produced from the same wild type (WT) and mutant lines did not induce the Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. This implies that under in vitro conditions ROC cultures are missing an important component for induction of Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. In another line of experiments we have tested transgenic lines of Medicagotruncatula for AMFhuyphal branching and Orobanche seed germination assays. These lines included lines silenced for a GRAS transcription factor (RNAi 1845), an NBS-LRR type resistance gene (RNAi 1847), a kinase (RNAi 2403) and a protein of unknown function (RNAi 2417). In all cases, five independent transgenic root lines showed altered AMFphenotypes with reduced or aberrant colonization patterns. Following, we transformed tomato plants with the M. truncatulaTC 127050 PhosphoinositidekinaseRNAi construct. Transgenic lines that contained GUS constructs were used as control. All transgenic lines showed reduced level of Orobanche seed germination, masking any strigoalctones-specific effect. The research demonstrated that SLs production may not be examined in ROC –based bioassays. It was shown by the 3 independent assays employed in this project that none of the recognized characters of SLs may be reflected in these bioassays. However, when the whole plant root exudates were examined, SLs activity in root exudates was demonstrated. Hence, it can be concluded that the presence of an intact shoot, and possibly, shoot factors, may be necessary for production of SLs in roots. Another point of interest that rises from these results is that the presence of SLs is not necessary for AMF completion of life cycle. Hence, it may be concluded that SLs are important for AMFhyphal branching, before symbiosis, but not essential for AMF colonization and life cycle completion under ROC system conditions.
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Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.

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Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.
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Flaishman, Moshe, Herb Aldwinckle, Shulamit Manulis, and Mickael Malnoy. Efficient screening of antibacterial genes by juvenile phase free technology for developing resistance to fire blight in pear and apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613881.bard.

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Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: Produce juvenile-free pear and apple plants and examine their sensitivity to E. amylovora; Design novel vectors, for antibacterial proteins and promoters expression, combined with the antisense TFL1 gene, and transformation of Spadona pear in Israel and Galaxy apple in USA. The original objectives were revised from the development of novel vectors with antibacterial proteins combined with the TFL-1 due to the inefficiency of alternative markes initially evaluated in pear, phoshomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase and the lack of development of double selection system. The objectives of project were revised to focus primarily on the development additional juvenile free systems by the use of another pear variety and manipulation of the FT gene under the control of several promoters. Based on the results creation of fire blight resistance pear variety was developed by the use of the juvenile free transgenic plant. Background: Young tree seedlings are unable to initiate reproductive organs and require a long period of shoot maturation, known as juvenile phase. In pear, juvenile period can last 5-7 years and it causes a major delay in breeding programs. We isolated the TFL1 gene from Spadona pear (PcTFL1-1) and produced transgenic ‘Spadona’ trees silencing the PcTFL1 gene using a RNAi approach. Transgenic tissue culture ‘Spadona’ pear flowered in vitro. As expected, the expression of the endogenous PcTFL1 was suppressed in the transgenic line that showed precocious flowering. Transgenic plants were successfully rooted in the greenhouse and most of the plants flowered after only 4-8 months, whereas the non-transformed control plants have flowered only after 5-6 years of development. Major achievements: Prior to flower induction, transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ plants developed a few branches and leaves. Flower production in the small trees suppressed the development of the vegetative branches, thus resulting in compact flowering trees. Flowering was initiated in terminal buds, as described for the Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant. Propagation of the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ was performed by bud grafting on 'Betulifolia' rootstock and resulted in compact flowering trees. The transgenic flowering grafted plants were grown in the greenhouse under a long photoperiod for one year, and flowered continuously. Pollination of the transgenic flowers with ‘Costia‘ pear pollen generated fruits of regular shape with fertile F1 seeds. The F1 transgenic seedling grown in the greenhouse formed shoots and produced terminal flowers only five months after germination. In addition, grafted F1 transgenic buds flower and fruit continuously, generating hybrid fruits with regular shape, color and taste. Several pear varieties were pollinated with the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ pollen including `Herald Harw` that was reported to have resistance to fire blight diseases. The F-1 hybrid seedlings currently grow in our greenhouse. We conclude that the juvenile-free transgenic ‘Spadona’ pear enables the development of a fast breeding method in pear that will enable us to generate a resistance pear to fire blight. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the use of transgenic juvenile free technology in pear. The use of the juvenile free technology for enhancement of conventional breeding in fruit tree will serve to enhance fast breeding systems in pear and another fruit trees.
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Bercovier, Herve, and Ronald P. Hedrick. Diagnostic, eco-epidemiology and control of KHV, a new viral pathogen of koi and common carp. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695593.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions-The proposed research included these original objectives: field validation of diagnostic tests (PCR), the development and evaluation of new sensitive tools (LC-PCR/TaqManPCR, antibody detection by ELISA) including their use to study the ecology and the epidemiology of KHV (virus distribution in the environment and native cyprinids) and the carrier status of fish exposed experimentally or naturally to KHV (sites of virus replication and potential persistence or latency). In the course of the study we completed the genome sequence of KHV and developed a DNA array to study the expression of KHV genes in different conditions. Background to the topics-Mass mortality of koi or common carp has been observed in Israel, USA, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have reduced exports of koi from Israel and have created fear about production, import, and movements of koi and have raised concerns about potential impacts on native cyprinid populations in the U.S.A. Major conclusions-A suite of new diagnostic tools was developed that included 3 PCR assays for detection of KHV DNA in cell culture and fish tissues and an ELISA assay capable of detecting anti-KHV antibodies in the serum of koi and common carp. The TKPCR assay developed during the grant has become an internationally accepted gold standard for detection of viral DNA. Additionally, the ELISA developed for detecting serum anti-KHV antibodies is now in wide use as a major nonlethal screening tool for evaluating virus status of koi and common carp populations. Real time PCR assays have been able to detect viral DNA in the internal organs of survivors of natural and wild type vaccine exposures at 1 and 10³ genome equivalents at 7 months after exposure. In addition, vaccinated fish were able to transmit the virus to naive fish. Potential control utilizing hybrids of goldfish and common carp for production demonstrated they were considerably more resistant than pure common carp or koi to both KHV (CyHV-3). There was no evidence that goldfish or other tested endemic cyprinids species were susceptible to KHV. The complete genomic sequencing of 3 strains from Japan, the USA, and Israel revealed a 295 kbp genome containing a 22 kbp terminal direct repeat encoding clear gene homologs to other fish herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae. The genome encodes156 unique protein-coding genes, eight of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. Four to seven genes are fragmented and the loss of these genes may be associated with the high virulence of the virus. Viral gene expression was studies by a newly developed chip which has allowed verification of transcription of most all hypothetical genes (ORFs) as well as their kinetics. Implications, both scientific and agricultural- The results from this study have immediate application for the control and management of KHV. The proposal provides elements key to disease management with improved diagnostic tools. Studies on the ecology of the virus also provide insights into management of the virus at the farms that farmers will be able to apply immediately to reduce risks of infections. Lastly, critical issues that surround present procedures used to create “resistant fish” must be be resolved (e.g. carriers, risks, etc.). Currently stamping out may be effective in eradicating the disease. The emerging disease caused by KHV continues to spread. With the economic importance of koi and carp and the vast international movements of koi for the hobby, this disease has the potential for even further spread. The results from our studies form a critical component of a comprehensive program to curtail this emerging pathogen at the local, regional and international levels.
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Women's perceptions of sexuality in rural Giza. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1996.1002.

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This study on sexuality among women in rural Giza, Egypt, is part of a broader project on women's health and reproductive morbidity conducted by the Population Council’s Reproductive Health Working Group. Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and other ailments associated with reproduction among women in the rural community surveyed suggest that a heavy burden of disease is being borne by women living in underprivileged areas in this region. This research on sexuality has been conducted within a conceptual framework that uses a socio-cultural approach to health and illness. The investigation is an assessment of women's perception of and knowledge about sexuality and various body organs and their functions, and the ability of these women to relate these functions to RTIs and other morbidities. There is a need to investigate and analyze the cultural dynamics that help shape the beliefs and practices of women concerning sexuality and related health problems. As noted in this monograph, this was the approach adopted in undertaking the study of sexual behavior in the Giza villages in rural Egypt.
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