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Journal articles on the topic 'Orexinergic system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Marcos, Pilar, and Rafael Coveñas. "Involvement of the Orexinergic System in Feeding." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010086.

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To know the processes involved in feeding, the dysregulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides promoting anorexigenic/orexigenic mechanisms must be investigated. Many neuropeptides are involved in this behavior and in overweight/obesity. Current pharmacological strategies for the treatment of obesity are unfortunately not very effective and, hence, new therapeutic strategies must be investigated and developed. Due to the crucial role played by orexins in feeding behavior, the aim of this review is to update the involvement of the orexinergic system in this behavior. The studies performed in experimental animal models and humans and the relationships between the orexinergic system and other substances are mentioned and discussed. Promising research lines on the orexinergic system are highlighted (signaling pathways, heterogeneity of the hypothalamic orexinergic neurons, receptor-receptor interaction, and sex differences). Each of the orexin 1 and 2 receptors plays a unique role in energy metabolism, exerting a differential function in obesity. Additional preclinical/clinical studies must be carried out to demonstrate the beneficial effects mediated by orexin receptor antagonists. Because therapies applied are in general ineffective when they are directed against a single target, the best option for successful anti-obesity treatments is the development of combination therapies as well as the development of new and more specific orexin receptor antagonists.

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Kukkonen, Jyrki P., Tomas Holmqvist, Sylwia Ammoun, and Karl E. O. Åkerman. "Functions of the orexinergic/hypocretinergic system." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 283, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): C1567—C1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00055.2002.

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Orexin A and orexin B are hypothalamic peptides that act on their targets via two G protein-coupled receptors (OX1 and OX2 receptors). In the central nervous system, the cell bodies producing orexins are localized in a narrow region within the lateral hypothalamus and project mainly to regions involved in feeding, sleep, and autonomic functions. Via putative pre- and postsynaptic effects, orexins increase synaptic activity in these regions. In isolated neurons and cells expressing recombinant receptors orexins cause Ca2+ elevation, which is mainly dependent on influx. The activity of orexinergic cells appears to be controlled by feeding- and sleep-related signals via a variety of neurotransmitters/hormones from the brain and other tissues. Orexins and orexin receptors are also found outside the central nervous system, particularly in organs involved in feeding and energy metabolism, e.g., gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and adrenal gland. In the present review we focus on the physiological properties of the cells that secrete or respond to orexins.

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Zhang, Xiao-Yang, Lei Yu, Qian-Xing Zhuang, Jing-Ning Zhu, and Jian-Jun Wang. "Central functions of the orexinergic system." Neuroscience Bulletin 29, no. 3 (January 8, 2013): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-012-1297-4.

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4

López, Jesús M., Lorena Morales, and Agustín González. "Spatiotemporal Development of the Orexinergic (Hypocretinergic) System in the Central Nervous System of Xenopus laevis." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 2 (2016): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449278.

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The present immunohistochemical study represents a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the localization of orexin-immunoreactive (OX-ir) cells and fibers throughout development in the brain of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis, a model frequently used in developmental studies. Anurans undergo remarkable physiological changes during the early life stages, and very little is known about the ontogeny and the localization of the centers that control functions such as appetite and feed ingestion in the developing brain. We examined the onset of the orexinergic system, demonstrated to be involved in appetite regulation, using antibodies against mammalian orexin-A and orexin-B peptides. Simultaneous detection of orexins with other territorial markers was used to assess the precise location of the orexinergic cells in the hypothalamus, analyzed within a segmental paradigm. Double staining of orexins and tyrosine hydroxylase served to evaluate possible interactions with the catecholaminergic systems. At early embryonic stages, the first OX-ir cells were detected in the hypothalamus and, soon after, long descending projections were observed through the brainstem to the spinal cord. As brain development proceeded, the double-staining techniques demonstrated that this OX-ir cell group was located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus within the alar hypothalamus. Throughout larval development, the number of OX-ir cells increased notably and a widespread fiber network that innervated the main areas of the forebrain and brainstem was progressively formed, including innervation in the posterior tubercle and mesencephalon, the locus coeruleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract where catecholaminergic cells are present. In addition, orexinergic cells were detected in the preoptic area and the tuberal hypothalamus only at late prometamorphic stages. The final distribution pattern, largely similar to that of the adult, was achieved through metamorphic climax. The early expression of orexins in Xenopus suggests important roles in brain development in the embryonic period before feeding, and the progression of the temporal and spatial complexity of the orexinergic system might be correlated to the maturation of appetite control regulation, among other functions.

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Villano, Ines, Marco La Marra, Girolamo Di Maio, Vincenzo Monda, Sergio Chieffi, Ezia Guatteo, Giovanni Messina, Fiorenzo Moscatelli, Marcellino Monda, and Antonietta Messina. "Physiological Role of Orexinergic System for Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 8353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148353.

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Orexins, or hypocretins, are excitatory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and the sleep and wakefulness states. Since their discovery, several lines of evidence have highlighted that orexin neurons regulate a great range of physiological functions, giving it the definition of a multitasking system. In the present review, we firstly describe the mechanisms underlining the orexin system and their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS). Then, the system’s involvement in goal-directed behaviors, sleep/wakefulness state regulation, feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, reward system, and aging and neurodegenerative diseases are described. Advanced evidence suggests that the orexin system is crucial for regulating many physiological functions and could represent a promising target for therapeutical approaches to obesity, drug addiction, and emotional stress.

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6

Holland, Philip, and Peter J. Goadsby. "The Hypothalamic Orexinergic System: Pain and Primary Headaches." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 47, no. 6 (June 2007): 951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00842.x.

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7

Pinos, H., M. A. Pérez-Izquierdo, B. Carrillo, and P. Collado. "Effects of undernourishment on the hypothalamic orexinergic system." Physiology & Behavior 102, no. 1 (January 2011): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.09.023.

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8

Takekawa, Daiki, Tetsuya Kushikata, Masahiro Akaishi, Yoshikazu Nikaido, and Kazuyoshi Hirota. "Influence of Orexinergic System on Survival in Septic Rats." Neuropsychobiology 77, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493739.

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9

Ishizuka, Tomoko, Tomotaka Murotani, and Atsushi Yamatodani. "Modanifil activates the histaminergic system through the orexinergic neurons." Neuroscience Letters 483, no. 3 (October 2010): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.005.

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10

Gao, He-Ren, Zi-Jian Wu, Sheng-Bing Wu, He-Yuan Gao, Jie Wang, Jin-Li Zhang, and Mei-Qi Zhou. "Roles of central orexinergic system on cardiovascular function and acupuncture on intervention of cardiovascular risk: Orexinergic system mediate the role of acupuncture?" Neuropeptides 87 (June 2021): 102132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2021.102132.

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11

Roohbakhsh, Ali, Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi, and Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri. "The Orexinergic (Hypocretin) System and Nociception: An Update to Supraspinal Mechanisms." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 32 (October 16, 2018): 3917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170529072554.

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Chronic pain is a multifaceted and complex condition that is divided into somatic, visceral, and neuropathic pain. Although opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause analgesia and are effective in the treatment of chronic pain, their utility is hampered by side effects, abuse potential, and development of tolerance to their pain-relieving effects. So, finding alternative analgesics with good efficacy and low side effects is of great interest and the orexinergic system is a potential candidate. Orexin-A and -B are exclusively expressed in the lateral hypothalamus and are involved in the feeding, sleep/wake cycle, cardiovascular function, hormone secretion, seizure, and pain modulation. Orexin peptides and their receptors have been proposed as opportunities for developing analgesic drugs. In experimental studies, orexin peptides induce analgesia that is comparable to morphine. Furthermore, there is evidence that orexin receptors 1 and 2 participate in responsiveness to both stressful stimuli and pain. Thus, direct and indirect activation of the orexinergic system is a new therapeutic approach to pain control. This article will review the most recent and important studies describing the role of orexins in pain modulation.

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12

Azeez, Idris A., Olumayowa O. Igado, and James O. Olopade. "An overview of the orexinergic system in different animal species." Metabolic Brain Disease 36, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 1419–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00761-0.

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13

Kukkonen, Jyrki P. "Physiology of the orexinergic/hypocretinergic system: a revisit in 2012." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 304, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): C2—C32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00227.2012.

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The neuropeptides orexins and their G protein-coupled receptors, OX1and OX2, were discovered in 1998, and since then, their role has been investigated in many functions mediated by the central nervous system, including sleep and wakefulness, appetite/metabolism, stress response, reward/addiction, and analgesia. Orexins also have peripheral actions of less clear physiological significance still. Cellular responses to the orexin receptor activity are highly diverse. The receptors couple to at least three families of heterotrimeric G proteins and other proteins that ultimately regulate entities such as phospholipases and kinases, which impact on neuronal excitation, synaptic plasticity, and cell death. This article is a 10-year update of my previous review on the physiology of the orexinergic/hypocretinergic system. I seek to provide a comprehensive update of orexin physiology that spans from the molecular players in orexin receptor signaling to the systemic responses yet emphasizing the cellular physiological aspects of this system.

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14

Lee, Chan, Hui Jin Bae, Jung-Hee Jang, and Gyu Hwan Park. "Investigating the Roles of Orexinergic System in Methamphetamine‐induced Addiction." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09577.

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15

Korneva, E. A., S. V. Perekrest, K. Z. Shainidze, N. S. Novikova, V. A. Pugach, and A. A. Nasredinova. "Effects of Restraint Stress on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Reactions of Orexinergic System." Advances in Neuroimmune Biology 6, no. 3-4 (July 25, 2017): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nib-160115.

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16

Gavrilov, Yu V., K. Z. Derevtsova, and Ye A. Korneva. "Involvement of the Brain Orexinergic System in Sleep–Wake Cycle Regulation." Human Physiology 45, no. 4 (July 2019): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119719030058.

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Hirota, Kazuyoshi, Tetsuya Kushikata, Hitoshi Yoshida, Mihoko Kudo, and Tsuyoshi Kudo. "Role of the orexinergic system in acute haemorrhage in the rat." Neuroscience Letters 432, no. 2 (February 2008): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.12.015.

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18

Khairuddin, Sharafuddin, Luca Aquili, Boon Chin Heng, Tze Lok Cecil Hoo, Kah Hui Wong, and Lee Wei Lim. "Dysregulation of the orexinergic system: A potential neuropeptide target in depression." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 118 (November 2020): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.040.

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19

Vicente, Mariane C., Mirela B. Dias, Elisa M. Fonseca, Kênia C. Bícego, and Luciane H. Gargaglioni. "Orexinergic system in the locus coeruleus modulates the CO2 ventilatory response." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 468, no. 5 (February 1, 2016): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-016-1793-x.

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20

Liguori, Claudio, Andrea Romigi, Marzia Nuccetelli, Silvana Zannino, Giuseppe Sancesario, Alessandro Martorana, Maria Albanese, et al. "Orexinergic System Dysregulation, Sleep Impairment, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease." JAMA Neurology 71, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2510.

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21

Amar, Avishek. "Drugs affecting sleep and wakefulness: a review." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182088.

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It was in the second half of the twentieth century that Sleep Medicine was recognized as an immensely respected field of clinical research. As a result, past few decades have seen this field making some giant strides towards a better understanding of the neurochemical mechanisms that regulate the state of sleep and wakefulness. This involves a complex interplay of neuronal systems, neurotransmitters and some special nuclei located in the brain. Major wakefulness promoting nuclei being the orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamic region and the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) while the sleep-promoting nucleus being ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). Sleep-related complaints are one of the common complaints encountered by the physicians and the psychiatrists. As, long-standing sleep disturbances can have far-reaching implications on an individual’s physical, mental and social wellbeing, the importance of drugs affecting sleep and wakefulness could not be stressed upon anymore. Broadly, the sleep disorders are classified as insomnia, hypersomnia, and parasomnia and the presently available drugs work either by acting on the sleep-promoting GABAergic system like benzodiazepines, barbiturates etc. or by interacting with wakefulness promoting system like histaminergic system, 5- hydroxtryptaminergic system, orexinergic system etc. There are drugs which interact with other mechanisms which modulate arousal, like melatonin receptor agonists which promote sleep and adenosine receptor antagonists which promote wakefulness. This review article tries to have an overview of the available drugs for use in pathological states of sleep and wakefulness with a special emphasis on the commonly prescribed drugs and the recently approved one’s.

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22

Cassiani Miranda, Carlos Arturo. "Hipocretinergic/Orexinergic System And Its Role In Drug Addiction: A Narrative Review." Addiction & Addictive Disorders 6, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aad-7276/100028.

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23

Al-Kuraishy, HayderM, MayH Abdulhadi, NawarR Hussien, MarwaS Al-Niemi, HudaA Rasheed, and AliI Al-Gareeb. "Involvement of orexinergic system in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders: A scoping review." Brain Circulation 6, no. 2 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/bc.bc_42_19.

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24

Ghanemi, Abdelaziz, and Xintian Hu. "Targeting the orexinergic system: Mainly but not only for sleep-wakefulness therapies." Alexandria Journal of Medicine 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2014.07.002.

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Varricchio, Ettore, Finizia Russo, Elena Coccia, Giovanni Mario Turchini, David Scott Francis, and Marina Paolucci. "The orexinergic system in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissand its regulation by dietary lipids." Microscopy Research and Technique 78, no. 8 (June 12, 2015): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22528.

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26

Meusel, M., J. Voß, A. Krapalis, F. Machleidt, R. Vonthein, M. Hallschmid, and F. Sayk. "Intranasal orexin A modulates sympathetic vascular tone: a pilot study in healthy male humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 127, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00452.2021.

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Our pilot study adds another important part to the complex network of neuroendocrine-sympathetic interaction. Our results demonstrate that intranasal orexin A elicits an excitatory effect on sympathetic vascular tone superordinate to mere baroreflex feedback regulation. This resetting of the baroreflex set point suggests an activation of hypothalamic core centers such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The role of the orexinergic system in the development of neurogenic arterial hypertension warrants further investigations.

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27

Cataldi, Natalia I., Victoria A. Lux-Lantos, and Carlos Libertun. "Perinatal programming of the orexinergic (hypocretinergic) system in hypothalamus and anterior pituitary by testosterone." Peptides 99 (January 2018): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2017.04.006.

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Feillet, Céline A., Claire Bainier, Maria Mateo, Aurea Blancas-Velázquez, Nora L. Salaberry, Jürgen A. Ripperger, Urs Albrecht, and Jorge Mendoza. "Rev-erbα modulates the hypothalamic orexinergic system to influence pleasurable feeding behaviour in mice." Addiction Biology 22, no. 2 (December 2, 2015): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adb.12339.

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Suzuki, K., M. Miyamoto, T. Miyamoto, T. Matsubara, Y. Inoue, M. Iijima, S. Mizuno, et al. "Cerebrospinal fluid orexin-A levels in systemic lupus erythematosus patients presenting with excessive daytime sleepiness." Lupus 27, no. 11 (May 31, 2018): 1847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318778767.

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Objective Involvement of the hypothalamus is rare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin-A levels in SLE patients with hypothalamic lesions to investigate whether the orexin system plays a role in SLE patients with hypothalamic lesions who present with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Methods Orexin-A levels were measured in CSF from four patients with SLE who presented with hypothalamic lesions detected by MRI. Three patients underwent repeated CSF testing. All patients met the updated American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for SLE. Results Tests for serum anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies, CSF myelin basic protein and CSF oligoclonal bands were negative in all patients. All patients presented with EDS. Low to intermediate CSF orexin-A levels (92–180 pg/ml) were observed in three patients in the acute stage, two of whom (patients 1 and 2) underwent repeated testing and showed increased CSF orexin-A levels, reduced abnormal hypothalamic lesion intensities detected by MRI and EDS dissipation at follow-up. In contrast, CSF orexin-A levels were normal in one patient (patient 4) while in the acute stage and at follow-up, despite improvements in EDS and MRI findings. Patient 4 showed markedly increased CSF interleukin-6 levels (1130 pg/ml) and a slightly involved hypothalamus than the other patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the orexinergic system has a role in EDS in SLE patients with hypothalamic lesions. Furthermore, cytokine-mediated tissue damage might cause EDS without orexinergic involvement.

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30

Akram, Zunaira, and Sarah Ghafoor. "Agonists and antagonists of the orexinergic system: therapeutic molecules of the future - a narrative review." BioMedica 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51441/biomedica/5-694.

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<p>The orexinergic system involves orexin (OX) neurons, OX peptides, and OX receptors. OX neurons are located throughout the central nervous tissue (including many nuclei) and the peripheral nervous tissue and organs. These neurons are critically involved in the sleepwake transition, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic regulations. OX antagonists include selective OX type 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonists, selective OX type 2 receptor (OX2R) antagonists, and dual OX1/2R antagonists. Similarly, OX agonists include dual OX1/2R agonists and selective OX1R or OX2R agonists. Recent understandings of the therapeutic mechanism of OX have led to possible therapeutic options in diseases such as insomnia, narcolepsy, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the therapeutic roles of OXs as agonists or antagonists in animal models and human patients, which can lead to possible avenues related to their application in health and disease.</p>

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Eguchi, N., M. Sakata, M. Horiuchi, and T. Saheki. "L0048 Suppression of activity of central orexinergic system by lack of OCTN2, a carnitine transporter." Sleep Medicine 8 (February 2007): S109—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(07)70415-x.

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Shimizu, Soichiro, Naoto Takenoshita, Kentaro Hirao, Hidekazu Kanetaka, Yoshitsugu Kaneko, Yusuke Ogawa, Hirofumi Sakurai, and Haruo Hanyu. "P2-270: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF OREXINERGIC SYSTEM OVEREXPRESSION ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE PATIENTS." Alzheimer's & Dementia 15 (July 2019): P690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.2677.

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33

Morina, I. Yu, A. L. Mikhrina, E. V. Mikhailova, S. I. Vataev, Z. R. Hismatullina, and I. V. Romanova. "Analysis of the Hypothalamic Orexinergic System in Rats with Different Forms of Genetically Determined Epilepsy." Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology 58, no. 6 (November 2022): 1961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022093022060242.

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34

Li, Yan, Zhixuan Guo, Chenxi Cai, Danni Liu, Yin Kang, and Pengfei Liu. "The orexinergic system mediates the excitatory effects of caffeine on the arousal and sympathetic activity." Heliyon 9, no. 3 (March 2023): e14170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14170.

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Lozano, Daniel, Agustín González, and Jesús M. López. "Organization of the Orexin/Hypocretin System in the Brain of Holostean Fishes: Assessment of Possible Relationships with Monoamines and Neuropeptide Y." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 91, no. 4 (2018): 228–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490172.

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Holosteans form a small group of actinopterygian fishes considered the sister group of teleosts. Despite this proximity to the biggest group of vertebrates, relatively few studies have been conducted to investigate the organization of the central nervous system of this group of fishes. In this study, the neuroanatomical distribution of orexin/hypocretin-like immunoreactive (OX-ir) cell bodies and fibers was analyzed in the brain of 3 representative species of the 2 orders of extant holosteans, the spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus, the Florida gar Lepisosteus platyrhincus, and the bowfin Amia calva. Antibodies against orexin-A (OXA) and orexin-B (OXB) were used, which labeled the same cells and fibers throughout the brain. In addition, double immunohistofluorescence was performed for the simultaneous detection of OXA and OXB with tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), in an attempt to localize the orexinergic structures precisely and study the possible interactions between these neuroactive substances. The pattern of distribution of OX-ir cells in the 3 species was largely similar, showing labeled cells in the preoptic area (POA), and the tuberal and retrotuberal hypothalamic regions, with only subtle differences between species in the density of labeled cells. OX-ir fibers were found in all main brain subdivisions of the 3 species, mostly in the ventral subpallial areas, POA, hypothalamus, posterior tubercle, thalamus, and mesencephalic tectum. Different densities of orexinergic fibers were observed in relation to catecholaminergic and serotoninergic cell groups, as well as an absence of colocalization between orexins and NPY in the same hypothalamic neurons. The comparison of these results with those obtained in other vertebrates highlights a constant pattern of distribution of this system of neurotransmission among different groups of actinopterygian fishes, especially in teleosts. Conserved features shared by all vertebrates studied were also observed, such as the presence of OX-ir cells in the basal hypothalamus, reflecting the preserved functions of these neuropeptides over the course of evolution.

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Vaseghi, Salar, Shahram Zarrabian, and Abbas Haghparast. "Reviewing the role of the orexinergic system and stressors in modulating mood and reward-related behaviors." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 133 (February 2022): 104516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.104516.

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Shainidze, K. Z., S. V. Perekrest, N. S. Novikova, T. B. Kazakova, and E. A. Korneva. "Stimulation of Orexinergic System in the CNS and in Immune Organs by Various Forms of Stress." Advances in Neuroimmune Biology 3, no. 3,4 (2012): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nib-012915.

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Khodabande, Fateme, Esmaeil Akbari, and Motahareh Rouhi Ardeshiri. "The modulation of the spatial reference memory by the orexinergic system of the dorsal raphe nucleus." Life Sciences 265 (January 2021): 118777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118777.

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Rahmadi, Mahardian, Minoru Narita, Akira Yamashita, Satoshi Imai, Naoko Kuzumaki, and Tsutomu Suzuki. "Sleep disturbance associated with an enhanced orexinergic system induced by chronic treatment with paroxetine and milnacipran." Synapse 65, no. 7 (February 25, 2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syn.20893.

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Morina, I. Yu, E. P. Stankova, and I. V. Romanova. "Effects of Prenatal Stress on the Formation of the Orexinergic System of the Hypothalamus in Rats." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 50, no. 5 (June 2020): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-020-00942-x.

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Dell, Leigh-Anne, Jean-Leigh Kruger, John D. Pettigrew, and Paul R. Manger. "Cellular location and major terminal networks of the orexinergic system in the brain of two megachiropterans." Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 53 (November 2013): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.09.001.

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La Torre, Maria Ester, Ines Villano, Marcellino Monda, Antonietta Messina, Giuseppe Cibelli, Anna Valenzano, Daniela Pisanelli, et al. "Role of Vitamin E and the Orexin System in Neuroprotection." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081098.

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Microglia are the first line of defense at the level of the central nervous system (CNS). Phenotypic change in microglia can be regulated by various factors, including the orexin system. Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory process mediated by cytokines, by the lack of interaction of specific receptors such as the OX2-OX2R complex, caused by systemic tissue damage or, more often, associated with direct damage to the CNS. Chronic activation of microglia could lead to long-term neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to explore how tocopherol (vitamin E) and the orexin system may play a role in the prevention and treatment of microglia inflammation and, consequently, in neurodegenerative diseases thanks to its antioxidant properties. The results of animal and in vitro studies provide evidence to support the use of tocopherol for a reduction in microglia inflammation as well as a greater activation of the orexinergic system. Although there is much in vivo and in vitro evidence of vitamin E antioxidant and protective abilities, there are still conflicting results for its use as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases that speculate that vitamin E, under certain conditions or genetic predispositions, can be pro-oxidant and harmful.

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Chase, Michael H. "A unified survival theory of the functioning of the hypocretinergic system." Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): 954–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00700.2012.

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This article advances the theory that the hypocretinergic (orexinergic) system initiates, coordinates, and maintains survival behaviors and survival-related processes (i.e., the Unified Survival Theory of the Functioning of the Hypocretinergic System or “Unified Hypocretinergic Survival Theory”). A priori presumptive support for the Unified Hypocretinergic Survival Theory emanates from the fact that neurons that contain hypocretin are located in the key executive central nervous system (CNS) site, the lateral hypothalamus, that for decades has been well-documented to govern core survival behaviors such as fight, flight, and food consumption. In addition, the hypocretinergic system exhibits the requisite morphological and electrophysiological capabilities to control survival behaviors and related processes. Complementary behavioral data demonstrate that all facets of “survival” are coordinated by the hypocretinergic system and that hypocretinergic directives are not promulgated except during survival behaviors. Importantly, it has been shown that survival behaviors are selectively impacted when the hypocretinergic system is impaired or rendered nonfunctional, whereas other behaviors are relatively unaffected. The Unified Hypocretinergic Survival Theory resolves the disparate, perplexing, and often paradoxical-appearing results of previous studies; it also provides a foundation for future hypothesis-driven basic science and clinical explorations of the hypocretinergic system.

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Valenzano, Anna, Rita Polito, Valentina Trimigno, Antonella Di Palma, Fiorenzo Moscatelli, Gaetano Corso, Francesco Sessa, et al. "Effects of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on the Orexinergic System, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and ROS Production." Antioxidants 8, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120643.

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Background: Caloric restriction is a valid strategy to reduce the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) content in obese persons. Hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) is a neuropeptide synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus that strongly modulates food intake, thus influencing adipose tissue accumulation. Therapeutic diets in obesity treatment may combine the advantages of caloric restriction and dietary ketosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in a population of obese patients. Methods: Adiposity parameters and orexin-A serum profiling were quantified over an 8 week period. The effect of the VLCKD on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell viability was evaluated, in vitro, by culturing Hep-G2 cells in the presence of VLCKD sera. Results: Dietary intervention induced significant effects on body weight, adiposity, and blood chemistry parameters. Moreover, a selective reduction in VAT was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Orexin-A levels significantly increased after dietary treatment. Hep-G2 cell viability was not affected after 24, 48, and 72 h incubation with patients’ sera, before and after the VLCKD. In the same model system, ROS production was not significantly influenced by dietary treatment. Conclusion: The VLCKD exerts a positive effect on VAT decrease, ameliorating adiposity and blood chemistry parameters. Furthermore, short-term mild dietary ketosis does not appear to have a cytotoxic effect, nor does it represent a factor capable of increasing oxidative stress. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that shows an effect of the VLCKD upon the orexinergic system, supporting the usefulness of such a therapeutic intervention in promoting obesity reduction in the individual burden of this disease.

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Saad, Lamis, Maxime Sartori, Sarah Pol Bodetto, Pascal Romieu, Andries Kalsbeek, Jean Zwiller, and Patrick Anglard. "Regulation of Brain DNA Methylation Factors and of the Orexinergic System by Cocaine and Food Self-Administration." Molecular Neurobiology 56, no. 8 (January 2, 2019): 5315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1453-6.

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Kruger, Jean-Leigh, Leigh-Anne Dell, John D. Pettigrew, and Paul R. Manger. "Cellular location and major terminal networks of the orexinergic system in the brains of five microchiropteran species." Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 40, no. 3 (November 2010): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2010.07.004.

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Madden, Christopher J., Domenico Tupone, and Shaun F. Morrison. "Orexin modulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis." BioMolecular Concepts 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2011-0066.

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AbstractNon-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in thermoregulation. In addition, activations of BAT have important implications for energy homeostasis due to the metabolic consumption of energy reserves entailed in the production of heat in this tissue. In this conceptual overview, we describe the role of orexins/hypocretins within the central nervous system in the modulation of thermogenesis in BAT under several physiological conditions. Within this framework, we consider potential neural mechanisms underlying the pathological conditions associated with the absence of the central orexinergic modulation of BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Overall, the experimental basis for our understanding of the role of central orexin in regulating body temperature and energy homeostasis provides an illustrative example that highlights several general principles and caveats that should help guide future investigations of the neurochemical regulation of thermogenesis and metabolism.

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Mokhtarpour, Maryam, Mahmoud Elahdadi Salmani, Taghi Lashkarbolouki, Kataneh Abrari, and Iran Goudarzi. "Lateral hypothalamus orexinergic system modulates the stress effect on pentylenetetrazol induced seizures through corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1." Neuropharmacology 110 (November 2016): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.005.

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Haghparast, Amir, Tina Matini, Laleh Rezaee, Mohammad Rahban, Azita Tehranchi, and Abbas Haghparast. "Involvement of Orexinergic System Within the Nucleus Accumbens in Pain Modulatory Role of the Lateral Hypothalamus in Orofacial Pain Model." Neurochemical Research 45, no. 4 (January 21, 2020): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-020-02957-9.

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Akbari, Esmaeil, Narges Hosseinmardi, and Motahareh Rouhi Ardeshiri. "Paired-pulse Inhibition and Disinhibition of the Dentate Gyrus Following Orexin Receptors Inactivation in the Basolateral Amygdala." Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal 12, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.12.6.1460.1.

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Introduction: The Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) substantially affects neuronal transmission and synaptic plasticity processes through the dentate gyrus. Orexin neuropeptides play different roles in the sleep/wakefulness cycle, feeding, learning, and memory. The present study aimed to investigate the function of the orexin receptors of the BLA in the hippocampal local interneuron circuits. Methods: For this, the region’s paired-pulse responses from the Dentate Gyrus (DG) were recorded. Within the procedure, SB-334867-A (12μg/0.5μL) and TCS-OX2-29 (10μg/0.5μL (orexin 1 & 2 receptors antagonists, respectively), were administered into both sides of the BLA areas of the rat brain. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the solvent in the control animals with a volume of 0.5μL. Results: Our data indicated that the Paired-pulse (PP) responses were not affected by the inactivation of the orexin receptors of the BLA. Conclusion: Due to not observing any significant changes in the short form of synaptic plasticity, after inactivation of the orexin system of the BLA, we hypothesize that the orexinergic fibers to the basolateral part of the amygdala influence the long-term synaptic efficacy; however, the primary processing of information in short-term plasticity model is not affected by the same system. The elementary processing of the data by the amygdala might happen through the action of other neurotransmitter systems.

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