Journal articles on the topic 'Orebody'
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1
Sun, Mingzhi, Fengyu Ren, and Hangxing Ding. "Optimization of Stope Structure Parameters Based on the Mined Orebody at the Meishan Iron Mine." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 9, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8052827.
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Based on the engineering background of the Meishan iron mine with sublevel caving (SLC) method, in this work, we adopted the method for identifying the shape of mined orebody (the original location in blasted slice), which analyzed and determined reasonable stope structure parameters. In the field test, the markers were arranged in the blasted slice, the mined orebody was measured by in situ tests, and reliable data were achieved. The shape of the mined orebody was obtained through this test when the width of drift was 6 m. The mined orebody’s shape was compared with the shape of the isolated extraction zone (IEZ), and the difference increased with increasing height. When the stope structural parameters were determined by the mined orebody, the larger the sublevel height was, the smaller the error was, which was compared with the method using ellipsoid arrangement theory to determine the stope structural parameters. Finally, the reasonable stope structure parameters were optimized. The sublevel height was 22 m, and the drift spacing was 20 m.
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Edgerton, David. "Reconstruction of the Red Dog Zn–Pb–Ba orebody, Alaska: implications for the vent environment during the mineralizing event." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-128.
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The Red Dog orebody (western Brooks Range, Alaska) contains reserves of approximately 150 Mt at an average grade of 16.2% Zn, 4.4% Pb, and 110 g/t Ag. Three mineralization facies can be identified within the orebody on the basis of mineralogical, textural, and paragenetic variations. The mineralization facies are termed breccia, transitional, and stratiform, representing a variation from a predominantly early epigenetic style of mineralization (breccia and transitional facies) to features that are more characteristic of syngenetic mineralization (stratiform facies). The primary relationship between the orebody and host rocks has been obscured by postmineralization deformation events that occurred during the Cretaceous Brooks Range orogeny. Therefore, reconstruction of the orebody was established using the mineralization facies model, determining local fault strain kinematics, drawing sections, and contouring the orebody's footwall, which is also a structural horizon. The reconstructed vent field is approximately 2400 m by 400 m, and contains four principal vents: the Hilltop, Main, West, and Aqqaluk. All vents are characterized by breccia facies mineralization that grades rapidly to transitional facies. The stratiform facies defines the periphery of the orebody. The development of the orebody began in the Upper Mississippian when early-stage metal-rich fluids were initially focused into the Main and West vents. All four vents were active during main-stage mineralization, which is characterized by extensive brecciation and sulfide-bearing barite rock and bitumen formation. Near the end of main-stage mineralization, the Aqqaluk vent became the main discharge zone, and fluid flow ceased entirely at the Hilltop vent. During late-stage mineralization, minor sulfide and sulfide-bearing and unmineralized barite rock were deposited. Upper Pennsylvanian strata do not host Zn–Pb mineralization, and they define the end of the ore-forming event at Red Dog. However, stratiform barite rock continued to be deposited, suggesting fluids were discharged at the sea floor until the end of the Pennsylvanian.
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Yang, Hui Xuan, Mei An, Dong Ye, and En Dong Zu. "Mineral Compositions and Textures of Jadeite Orebody and its Country Rock in Nammaw, Myanmar." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.652.
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This paper studies the mineral compositions and textures of seven rock specimens from jadeite orebody and its country rock in Nammaw, Myanmar through XRD and observation of hand specimens and thin sections. The jadeite orebody is mainly composed of jadeite and minor zeolite minerals. Phlogopite schist and chromite-bearing amphibolite occur between the orebody and its country rock. The country rock is antigorite serpentinite. Outside of serpentinite is schist consisting of chlorite, hastingsite and polylithionite. The specimens of jadeite orebody show mainly following texture types: radiation texture, inequigranular crystalloblastic texture, granular-prismatic crystalloblastic texture, metasomatic texture and mylonitic texture. These textures indicate that the formation of the orebody is related to the intrusion of some fused mass or hydrothermal solution and then the orebody underwent dynamical metamorphism and hydrothermal metamorphism.
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Kim Cawood, Tarryn, and Abraham Rozendaal. "A Multistage Genetic Model for the Metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic Swartberg Base Metal Deposit, Aggeneys-Gamsberg Ore District, South Africa." Economic Geology 115, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 1021–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4725.
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Abstract The polymetamorphosed Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the Namaqua Metamorphic Province of South Africa is a major metal producer in the region, yet its genesis remains poorly understood. The deposit comprises several stratiform to stratabound units, namely the Lower Orebody and Dark Quartzite, the overlying Barite Unit, and the Upper Orebody, all of which are folded by an F2 isoclinal syncline and refolded by an open F3 synform. A discordant Garnet Quartzite unit surrounds the Upper Orebody in the F2 hinge, where it overprints the Lower Orebody and Barite Unit. The Lower Orebody comprises sulfidic, pelitic lenses with fine-grained pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and lesser pyrrhotite, hosted by sulfide-poor but magnetite- and barite-bearing siliceous rock. The overlying Barite Unit is poorly mineralized and grades from massive magnetite-barite close to the F2 hinge to distal laminated baritic schist and quartzite. The Dark Quartzite is the stratigraphic equivalent of the Lower Orebody and Barite Unit but comprises siliceous quartzite and schist, with lenses of conglomerate and minor Fe-Mn-Zn phases. The Upper Orebody displays rapid zonations from massive magnetite-rich iron formation in the F2 hinge, rich in coarse galena, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite, to sulfide-poor, magnetite-bearing schist and quartzite. The Garnet Quartzite is dominated by quartz and almandine garnet and mineralized with pyrite and chalcopyrite. Geochemical discriminant plots show that the Lower Orebody has a significant detrital component, whereas the Upper Orebody and Barite Unit are strongly zoned, with the greatest chemogenic component close to the F2 hinge. This corresponds to a deposit-scale metal zonation from the Cu-rich F2 hinge to more Pb- and then Zn-dominated areas. Mineral assemblages and paleoredox proxies suggest generally oxic conditions, with a more reduced signature close to the hinge and in the sulfidic Lower Orebody lenses. The Lower Orebody is interpreted as a mixed chemogenic-pelitic unit, with sulfides deposited on or near the seafloor during stage 1 hydrothermal activity. The sulfidic lenses formed from fine mud and clay deposited in quiet seafloor depressions, in which warm, dense, reducing, Pb-Zn-Ba–rich stage 1 brines accumulated, while the siliceous portions formed from higher-energy clastic sediments on aerated seafloor highs. The Barite Unit forms a baritic cap to the Lower Orebody, while the Dark Quartzite is their shallower-water equivalent. Thereafter, clastic sediment with lesser hydrothermal input was deposited during stage 2a exhalations, forming the poorly mineralized portions of the Upper Orebody. During stage 2b hydrothermal activity, hot Cu-Fe–rich fluids invaded part of the Upper Orebody, creating the highly chemogenic protolith to the well-mineralized, magnetite-rich portion. Associated hydrothermal alteration in a discordant subseafloor feeder zone created the Garnet Quartzite protolith. The F2 hinge thus corresponds closely to the original vent zone. Swartberg therefore resembles a deformed and metamorphosed Selwyn-type sedimentary exhalative deposit, with both proximal- (Upper Orebody, Garnet Quartzite) and distal-style (Lower Orebody) mineralization. The close association of these styles suggests that differences in the mineralizing fluids and depositional environment, rather than proximity to a vent, determine the deposit style.
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Li, Zhaopeng, Deyun Zhong, Zhaohao Wu, Liguan Wang, and Qiwang Tang. "Local Dynamic Updating Method of Orebody Model Based on Mesh Reconstruction and Mesh Deformation." Minerals 11, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111232.
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In this paper, to update the orebody model based on the given interpreted geological information, we present a local dynamic updating method of the orebody model that allows the interactive construction of the constraint deformation conditions and the dynamic updating of the mesh model. The rules for constructing deformation constraints based on the control polylines are discussed. Because only part of the model is updated, the updated mesh is effective and the overall quality is satisfactory. Our main contribution is that we propose a local dynamic updating method for the orebody model based on mesh reconstruction and mesh deformation. This method can automatically update a given 3D orebody model based on a set of unordered geological interpretation lines. Moreover, we implement a deformation neighborhood region search method based on the specified ring radius and a local constrained mesh deformation algorithm for the orebody model. Finally, we test the method and show the model update results with real geological datasets, which proves that this method is effective for the local updating of orebody models.
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Li, Zhaopeng, Deyun Zhong, Liguan Wang, Qiwang Tang, and Zhaohao Wu. "Mesh Processing for Snapping Feature Points and Polylines in Orebody Modeling." Mathematics 10, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10152593.
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The 3D refinement modeling of the orebody provides an important guarantee for the estimation of the resources and reserves of an ore deposit. Implicit modeling techniques can effectively improve the efficiency of orebody modeling and facilitate the dynamic updating of the model. However, due to the problems of ambiguity and missing features during implicit surface interpolation and implicit surface reconstruction, the mesh models of orebodies obtained by means of implicit modeling techniques do not easily snap to the geological feature points and feature polylines obtained based on geological sampling data. In essence, all models are inaccurate, but geological sampling data are very useful and valuable, which should be accurately and effectively involved in the orebody modeling process. This would help to improve the reliability of resource estimation and mining design. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a method for accurately snapping orebody features after implicit modeling. This method enables the orebody model to snap accurately to the geological feature points and feature polylines and realizes the accurate clipping of the model boundary. We tested the method with real geological datasets. The results showed that the method is applicable and effective when the geological feature points and feature polylines are close to those of the orebody mesh model and the shape trend changes little, and the model can thus meet the practical application requirements of mines.
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Kepic, Anton W., Michael Maxwell, and R. Don Russell. "Field trials of a seismoelectric method for detecting massive sulfides." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 2 (March 1995): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443772.
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An underground test of a seismoelectric prospecting method for massive sulfides was performed at the Mobrun Mine (Rouyn‐Noranda, Quebec) in June 1991. The method is based upon the conversion of seismic energy to high‐frequency pulses of electromagnetic radiation by sulfide minerals. The delay between shot detonation and detection of the electromagnetic radiation gives a one‐way traveltime for the acoustic wave to reach the zone of seismoelectric conversion, which when combined with P‐wave velocity allows the shot‐to‐ore zone distance to be calculated. A 0.22-kg explosive charge located within 50 m of the orebody provided the seismic excitation, and the resulting electromagnetic emissions were received by electric dipole and induction‐coil antennas. First‐arrival information from a 35‐shot survey above an orebody, the 1100 lens, provides firm evidence that short duration pulses of electromagnetic radiation are produced by the passage of acoustic waves through the orebody. The survey also demonstrated that seismoelectric conversions could be induced at shot‐to‐orebody distances of 50 m and detected at distances of up to 150 m from the orebody. Areas of seismoelectric conversion are highlighted in sections produced by plotting the position of seismic wavefronts during signal reception. The sections show anomalies that correlate with the known structure and location of the orebody and demonstrate the potential of using this seismoelectric phenomenon as an exploration tool.
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Carl, C., E. von Pechmann, A. Höhndorf, and G. Ruhrmann. "Mineralogy and U/Pb, Pb/Pb, and Sm/Nd geochronology of the Key Lake uranium deposit, Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 879–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-075.
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The Key Lake deposit is one of several large, high-grade, unconformity-related uranium deposits located at the eastern margin of the Athabasca Basin in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The deposit consists of the Gaertner orebody, now mined out, and the Deilmann orebody, which is presently being mined. In the past, radiometric dating efforts yielded an age of oldest ore-forming event of 1250 ± 34 Ma at the Gaertner orebody and 1350 ± 4 Ma at the Deilmann orebody. This unlikely age difference called for further investigation. Innovative preparation techniques were used to separate the paragenetically oldest U mineral, an anisotropic uraninite. Ore microscopy and U/Pb isotopic data show that the oldest event of uranium emplacement occurred simultaneously at the two orebodies, at 1421 ± 49 Ma. The primary ore-forming phase was followed by younger generations of U mineralization and periods of remobilization. Sm/Nd data of Key Lake uraninite form an isochron corresponding to an age of 1215 Ma. This is interpreted as the age of a uranium remobilization or a new mineralizing event. The lead found in the Athabasca Group above the Deilmann deposit and in galena appears to be a mixture of a common lead and radiogenic lead mobilized from the orebody over a time span of at least 1000 Ma.
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Li, Ying Ling, and Jian Guo Gao. "Research and Application of the 3D Mathematic Model of Ore-Body Based on Suppac Software - Yunnan White Cattle Factory Silver Polymetallic Mine." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.84.
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Three-dimensional models of deposit are the foundation of realizing digital mineral deposit , with the aid of mining software Surpac,it can establish deposit database, the three dimensional model of the mining surface,,orebody and roadway of the yunnan white cow factory silver polymetallic deposit.The 3D model can show the vivid image of the mining topography and geomorphology, ore body position, gallery situation. The ore model of orebody grade founding by kriging can show the distribution change of orebody grade clearly, and finally estimate the amount of ore body. Comparing with the traditional estimation method of exploration report, we can find the estimation of mineral resources by software is accurate.
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Guo, Yanhui, and Yichen Miao. "Study on Stope Stability in Continuous Mining of Long-Dip, Thin Orebody by Room–Pillar Method." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159601.
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In order to analyze the stability of the stope under continuous mining with the room–pillar method for a kind of orebody with a long inclination, but not deep mining, this paper takes the room–pillar method for the continuous mining of a long-inclination orebody in the Mengnuo Lead–Zinc Mine, Yunnan Province as the research background. On the basis of the analysis of the stope mechanical model of a long, inclined, thin orebody with room-and-pillar mining, based on numerical simulation, the nature of the change in stress, displacement and the plasticity zone of the roof and pillar during continuous mining along the inclination are systematically analyzed. The results show that as the mining depth increases, the roof subsidence of the stope in the middle of the current operation increases. With the continuous mining of the lower middle section, the roof displacement of the stope will continue to increase with the subsequent mining of the middle section until the end of all stope operations, and the roof displacement of the stope has an obvious cumulative effect. The stress on the roofs and pillars increases with the gradual downward movement of the mining in each level, and the distribution of the plastic zone also expands. It shows that the stope structural parameters that are set according to shallow mining cannot fully meet the requirements of stability and safety in mining a deeper orebody. Therefore, for the mining of a non-deep orebody with a greater tendency to extend, the structural parameters of a shallow stope should not simply be used in the mining of a deeper orebody, but the pillar size should be appropriately increased or the spacing between the room and pillar should be reduced to ensure the stability and safety of the continuous stope.
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Wu, Zhaohao, Deyun Zhong, Zhaopeng Li, Liguan Wang, and Lin Bi. "Orebody Modeling Method Based on the Normal Estimation of Cross-Contour Polylines." Mathematics 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030473.
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The normal estimation of cross-contour polylines largely determines the implicit orebody modeling result. However, traditional methods cannot estimate normals effectively due to the complex topological adjacency relationship of the cross-contour polylines manually interpreted in the process of exploration and production. In this work, we present an orebody implicit modeling method based on the normal estimation of cross-contour polylines. The improved method consists of three stages: (1) estimating the normals of cross-contour polylines by using the least square plane fitting method based on principal component analysis; (2) reorienting the normal directions by using the method based on the normal propagation; (3) using an implicit function to construct an orebody model. The innovation of this method is that it can automatically estimate the normals of the cross-contour polylines and reorient normal directions without manual intervention. Experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of a small amount of calculation, high efficiency and strong reliability. Moreover, this normal estimation method is useful to improve the automation of implicit orebody modeling.
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Krivolutskaya, Nadezhda, Yana Bychkova, Bronislav Gongalsky, Irina Kubrakova, Oksana Tyutyunnik, Elena Dekunova, and Vladimir Taskaev. "New Geochemical and Mineralogical Data on Rocks and Ores of the NE Flank of the Oktyabr’skoe Deposit (Norilsk Area) and a View on Their Origin." Minerals 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010044.
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The Oktyabr’skoe deposit in the Norilsk ore district is the largest platinum-copper-nickel deposit in the world. It contains a huge main orebody (2.4 km3) of massive sulfide ores and some smaller sulfide bodies. Almost all publications on this deposit are devoted to the main orebody. However, to solve the problems of the deposit genesis, it is necessary to take into account the geological structure of the entire area and the composition of all orebodies. For the first time we present data on the inner structure, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the intrusive body, and related the disseminated and massive sulfide ores (orebody number C-5) in the northeastern flank of the deposit. The intrusion studied in the core of the borehole RG-2 consists of several horizons including the following rock varieties (from bottom to top): olivine gabbro-dolerites, taxitic gabbro-dolerites, picritic gabbro-dolerites, troctolites, olivine-free gabbro-dolerites, ferrogabbro, and leucogabbro. The intrusion shows a strong differentiated inner structure where high-Mg rocks (up to 25 wt.% MgO troctolites and picritic gabbro-dolerites) in the bottom are associated with low-Mg rocks (6–7 wt.%, gabbro-dolerites, leucogabbro, ferrogabbro) without intermediate differentiated members (8–12 wt.% MgO olivine gabbro-dolerites). Rocks are characterized by low TiO2 content (≤1 wt.%). Taxitic gabbro-dolerites, picritic gabbro-dolerites, and troctolites contain disseminated sulfide chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite mineralization (32 m thick). Cu and Ni concentrations reach up 0.74 and 0.77 wt.%, respectively. Massive ores (27 m) occur in the bottom part of the intrusion. The ores consist of pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, the latter mineral dominates. Their chemical composition is stable: Cu/Ni ~1, Pd/Pt varies from 5 to 6. The C-5 orebody is similar to the C-3 orebody in terms of mineral and chemical compositions, and differ from the nearby the C-4 orebody which is characterized by a Cu/Ni ratio changing from 5 to 8. On the basis of geochemical and mineralogical data, it is assumed that orebodies C-3 and C-5 are associated with one intrusion, while the orebody number C-4 is related to another intrusive body. Thus, the deposit has a more complex structure and includes several more intrusions than is usually considered.
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Wu, Zhaohao, Lin Bi, Deyun Zhong, Ju Zhang, Qiwang Tang, and Mingtao Jia. "Orebody Modeling Method Based on the Coons Surface Interpolation." Minerals 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080997.
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This paper presents a surface modeling method for interpolating orebody models based on a set of cross-contour polylines (geological polylines interpreted from the raw geological sampling data) using the bi-Coons surface interpolation method. The method is particularly applicable to geological data with cross-contour polylines acquired during the geological and exploration processes. The innovation of this paper is that the proposed method can automatically divide the closed loops and automatically combine the sub-meshes. The method solves the problem that it is difficult to divide closed loops from the cross-contour polylines with complex shapes, and it greatly improves the efficiency of modeling based on complex cross-contour polylines. It consists of three stages: (1) Divide closed loops using approximate planes of contour polylines; each loop is viewed as a polygon combined with several polylines, that is the n-sided region. (2) After processing the formed n-sided regions, Coons surface interpolation is improved to complete the modeling of every single loop (3) Combine all sub-meshes to form a complete orebody model. The corresponding algorithm was implemented using the C++ programing language on 3D modeling software. Experimental results show that the proposed orebody modeling method is useful for efficiently recovering complex orebody models from a set of cross-contour polylines.
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Carrillo-Rosúa, Javier, Iñaki Esteban-Arispe, and Salvador Morales-Ruano. "Anion Composition of Apatite in the Au-Cu Epithermal Deposit of Palai-Islica (Almería, SE Spain) as an Indicator of Hydrothermal Alteration." Minerals 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121358.
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The Palai-Islica deposit (Almería, SE Spain) is an Au-Cu epithermal deposit hosted in Neogene calc-alkaline andesites and dacites from the Cabo de Gata-Cartagena volcanic belt in the Betic Cordillera. Major element compositions of apatite from Palai-Islica orebody and related hydrothermally altered and unaltered volcanic rock from the region hosting the deposit were obtained to clarify the processes involved in their formation. Apatite in the host volcanic rocks is rich in chlorapatite and hydroxylapatite components (50–57% and 24–36%) and poor in fluorapatite components (12–21%), indicating assimilation processes of cortical Cl-rich material in the magmatic evolution. Apatite in the orebody sometimes has corrosion textures and is mostly fluorapatite (94–100%). Apatite from the hydrothermally altered host rock of the orebody systematically bears signs of corrosion and has variable and intermediate fluorapatite (19–100%), chlorapatite (1–50%), and hydroxylapatite (0–47%) components. The style of zonation and the composition are related to the proximity to the orebody. These features can be interpreted as the result of hydrothermal modification of high Cl, OH-rich volcanic apatites into F-rich apatites. The enrichment of F is related to the intensity of hydrothermal alteration and could therefore constitute a geochemical index of alteration and of mineralization processes.
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Han, Zengqiang, Chuanying Wang, and Hengyin Zhu. "Research on Deep Joints and Lode Extension Based on Digital Borehole Camera Technology." Polish Maritime Research 22, s1 (September 1, 2015): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0025.
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Abstract Structure characteristics of rock and orebody in deep borehole are obtained by borehole camera technology. By investigating on the joints and fissures in Shapinggou molybdenum mine, the dominant orientation of joint fissure in surrounding rock and orebody were statistically analyzed. Applying the theory of metallogeny and geostatistics, the relationship between joint fissure and lode’s extension direction is explored. The results indicate that joints in the orebody of ZK61borehole have only one dominant orientation SE126° ∠68°, however, the dominant orientations of joints in surrounding rock were SE118° ∠73°, SW225° ∠70° and SE122° ∠65°, NE79° ∠63°. Then a preliminary conclusion showed that the lode’s extension direction is specific and it is influenced by joints of surrounding rock. Results of other boreholes are generally agree well with the ZK61, suggesting the analysis reliably reflects the lode’s extension properties and the conclusion presents important references for deep ore prospecting.
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Li, Yu Jian, Hai Jun Yu, and Jun Zhu. "Mathematic-Economical Model of KT5 Orebody in Yangla Copper Deposit." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2125.
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On the basis of systematic analysis of and research on KT5 orebody, via the special deposit-model software Surpac, with the theory of geostatistics, the mathematic-economical model of the deposit in the Yangla Copper deposit has been established. As a result,3D visibility,dynamic delineation of orebody and calculation of reserves, dynamic query of data have been realized, a successful example has been set for the computer management of mining production and the reconstruction of traditional technology.
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Turner, Greg, Iain Mason, Jonathan Hargreaves, and Andrew Wellington. "Detailed Orebody Mapping using Borehole Radar." Exploration Geophysics 32, no. 1 (March 2001): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg01056.
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Dowd, P. A. "Orebody modelling by optimal surface reconstruction." Applied Earth Science 110, no. 2 (August 2001): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/aes.2001.110.2.110.
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Bandopadhyay, P. C. "Proterozoic microfossils from manganese orebody, India." Nature 339, no. 6223 (June 1989): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339376a0.
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Read, J. J. "Seismic reflection investigations of the Hellyer orebody and Que-Hellyer volcanics, North West Tasmania." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989159.
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Two separate seismic reflection surveys have been conducted over Aberfoyle Resources Hellyer orebody and the enclosing Cambrian Que-Hellyer volcanics. The initial survey, conducted as a test case to determine if seismic reflection techniques could detect massive sulphide orebodies at depth, successfully identified the Hellyer orebody, which was found to have a characteristic seismic expression. Identification and mapping of stratigraphic units within the Que-Hellyer volcanics was also possible due to the good geological control available.The second survey did not successfully identify the Hellyer orebody, although some information relating to the structure of the enclosing basin could be inferred from the seismic data. Due to data degradation conventional seismic interpretation techniques could not be applied to the second survey.High resolution seismic surveys can detect massive sulphide orebodies if low velocity overburden problems are eliminated and high frequency data is collected. High resolution surveys can also provide structural and stratigraphic information between widely spaced drill holes in volcanic terrains.
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Doran, Aileen L., Steven P. Hollis, Julian F. Menuge, Stephen J. Piercey, Adrian J. Boyce, Sean Johnson, John Güven, and Oakley Turner. "A Distal, High-grade Irish-type Orebody: Petrographic, Sulfur Isotope, and Sulfide Chemistry of the Island Pod Zn-Pb Orebody, Lisheen, Ireland." Economic Geology 117, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4882.
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Abstract Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits are important global sources of zinc, but despite a fundamental understanding of ore genesis within the Irish orefield, a detailed understanding of fluid migration and chemical evolution pathways related to sulfide and carbonate precipitation is lacking. We present the first petrographic, paragenetically constrained sulfur isotope and mineral chemistry study of mineralization at the Island Pod orebody, Lisheen deposit. The Island Pod orebody comprises high-grade mineralization that is less deformed than elsewhere in the Irish orefield. Consequently, studies of the Island Pod orebody and its mineralization provide information on the evolving nature of hydrothermal fluids involved in ore deposition. The Island Pod orebody consists almost exclusively of pyrite, sphalerite, and galena, with several stages of calcite and dolomite precipitation. Pre-ore, diagenetic pyrite is commonly overgrown by early main ore-stage pyrite, with both phases frequently replaced by main ore-stage sphalerite. In many cases, early main ore-stage pyrite is texturally zoned and exhibits chemical zoning patterns, reflecting that episodic influxes of hydrothermal fluids contained variable concentrations of As, Co, Ni, and Tl. The main ore stage was dominated by the formation of sphalerite and galena from mineralizing fluids that were depleted in these trace elements (e.g., As, Co, Tl) compared to the early main ore stage. Sulfur isotope analysis reveals four distinctive but slightly overlapping isotopic groupings, corresponding to different mineral and paragenetic stages: (1) δ34S values range from –47.7 to –30.7‰, associated with diagenetic pyrite; (2) δ34S values range from –34.3 to –14.7‰, related to early main ore-stage pyrite; (3) δ34S values range from –15.5 to +1.7‰, corresponding to main ore-stage sphalerite; and (4) δ34S values range from –11.1 to +17.4‰, associated with galena. Large variations in S isotope composition are common at intragrain and at other small spatial scales. The textures, paragenetic sequence, and ranges in δ34S values are consistent with hydrothermal sulfide deposition where the fluids containing bacteriogenic sulfide mixed with metal-bearing fluids. Replacement and remobilization from other Lisheen orebodies may have contributed to some of the higher sulfur isotope ratios observed in the Island Pod orebody. The excellent preservation of sulfide textures in the Island Pod orebody observed during this study demonstrates that it is an ideal location to study hydrothermal fluid evolution, including episodic fluid flow, mixing, precipitation, and compositional variations during the early main ore stage. In other Irish Zn-Pb orebodies, these early-ore textures are often obscured due to more complex dissolution and replacement processes, making interpretation of the early hydrothermal activity challenging. Consequently, the petrographic, mineral chemistry, and sulfur isotope studies of the Island Pod orebody presented here contribute to an enhanced understanding of ore-forming processes in similar deposits, where mineralization is often associated with more complex deformation or repeated pulses of hydrothermal activity.
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Deng, D. Q., N. Jiang, and Y. Duan. "Sampling and Mechanical Testing of Backfill in Large Mined-Out Area." Geofluids 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686385.
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To investigate the physicomechanical properties of stope backfill and to explore the mining conditions for an adjacent pillar, four boreholes, namely, GZK1, GZK2, GZK3, and GZK4, were constructed for taking the backfill core in the test stope. During borehole sampling, it is found that the strength of backfill is usually lower than that of the rock and ordinary concrete, and its resistance to tensile and compressive loads is limited. Therefore, the drilling speed should not be too fast, and a small amount of water is needed to continue drilling smoothly. For backfill with high strength, the sampling process is relatively smooth, and the backfill samples are relatively complete. GZK1 is located on the upper part of the stope near the footwall of the orebody, and the test results show that the backfill quality of this part is poor; thus, a complete backfill core cannot be obtained. GZK2 is located at the bottom of the stope close to the footwall of the orebody, GZK3 is located at the bottom of the stope close to the hanging wall of the orebody, and GZK4 is located at the top of the stope close to the hanging wall of the orebody. The average compressive strength and average tensile strength of the backfill samples obtained from the three boreholes, namely, GZK2, GZK3, and GZK4, are 2.928 to 3.583 MPa and 0.328 to 0.523 MPa, respectively, indicating that the backfill near the upper part and bottom close to the hanging wall of the orebody is good, while the backfill near the upper part close to the footwall of the orebody is poor. Special attention should be paid to the backfill with the range of GZK1 in the future second-step pillar mining process, and the sublevel method can be adopted to ensure the safety of the mining process. The backfill samples in the large goaf of No.17 room were obtained by geological drilling. Segregation occurred in the upper part of the No.17 room near the area of the footwall. The concentration and flow rate of the filling slurry were reasonably adjusted and controlled with the improvement of backfill quality. Therefore, the backfill strength of the No.17 room is generally good, which can meet the requirements of pillar mining, and also creates a good condition for the resource utilization of waste tailings of Caolou Iron Mine.
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Shan, Ren Liang, Jia Fu Xu, Xin Zhao, Qin Ao Wu, Shu Jing Wu, and Fei Huang. "Engineering Practice of Water Control by Nearly Orebody Curtain Grouting in Laixin Iron Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.786.
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The paper introduces the practical application of underground nearby orebody curtain grouting in Laixin iron mine. Based on the analysis of hydrogeology condition in the mine and the technical requirements of water control plans, the final water control plan introduced in the paper is chosen. Roadway horizontal drilling water-prospect grouting and transverse and slant drilling encrypting grouting are described, and quantities of the two projects are given. Finally, significant economic and environmental benefits caused by underground nearly orebody curtain grouting in Laixin iron mine are analyzed.
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Shi, Ke, Xiaoyong Yang, Jianguo Du, Jingya Cao, Qiu Wan, and Yang Cai. "Geochemical Study of Cretaceous Magmatic Rocks and Related Ores of the Hucunnan Cu–Mo Deposit: Implications for Petrogenesis and Poly-Metal Mineralization in the Tongling Ore-Cluster Region." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020107.
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The Hucunnan porphyry- and skarn-type Cu–Mo deposit is located in the south of the central Shizishan ore field of the Tongling ore-cluster region. The intrusive Hucunnan granodiorite, outcropping in this deposit, has adakitic geochemical features, and its magma is proposed to have originated from partial melting of the oceanic crust mixed with mantle-derived materials. The porphyry-type orebody is hosted in the granodiorite, whereas the skarn-type orebody occurs in the contact zones of intrusions and country rocks. The δ34S values of pyrite from the skarn orebodies ranged from +3.9 to +4.7‰ (avg. +4.3‰, n = 6), while those of the porphyry orebodies ranged from +5.1 to +6.2‰ (avg. +5.6‰, n = 4). 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of the pyrites from the skarn orebodies were 38.04–38.45 (avg. 38.26), 15.55–15.66 (avg. 15.59), and 18.16–18.54 (avg. 18.44), respectively (n = 6). The pyrites in the porphyry orebodies had 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 38.24–38.36, 15.51–15.662, and 18.10–18.41, respectively (avg. 38.32, 15.58, 18.22; n = 4), respectively. The metallogenic model ages from Re–Os isotopic dating were 138.7 ± 1.9 and 140.0 ± 2.8 Ma, respectively. Geochemical data indicate that the ore-forming fluids in the skarn stage are characterized by high temperature, low acidity, and high oxygen fugacity, and the ore-forming materials were mainly from magma and partly from stratum, proving that the skarn orebody has more stratum materials than the porphyry orebody.
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Schlegel, Tobias U., Renee Birchall, Tina D. Shelton, and James R. Austin. "MAPPING THE MINERAL ZONATION AT THE ERNEST HENRY IRON OXIDE COPPER-GOLD DEPOSIT: VECTORING TO Cu-Au MINERALIZATION USING MODAL MINERALOGY." Economic Geology 117, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4915.
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Abstract Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits form in spatial and genetic relation to hydrothermal iron oxide-alkali-calcic-hydrolytic alteration and thus show a mappable zonation of mineral assemblages toward the orebody. The mineral zonation of a breccia matrix-hosted orebody is efficiently mapped by regularly spaced samples analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy-integrated mineral analyzer technique. The method results in quantitative estimates of the mineralogy and allows the reliable recognition of characteristic alteration as well as mineralization-related mineral assemblages from detailed mineral maps. The Ernest Henry deposit is located in the Cloncurry district of Queensland and is one of Australia’s significant IOCG deposits. It is known for its association of K-feldspar altered clasts with iron oxides and chalcopyrite in the breccia matrix. Our mineral mapping approach shows that the hydrothermal alteration resulted in a characteristic zonation of minerals radiating outward from the pipe-shaped orebody. The mineral zonation is the result of a sequence of sodic alteration followed by potassic alteration, brecciation, and, finally, by hydrolytic (acid) alteration. The hydrolytic alteration primarily affected the breccia matrix and was related to economic mineralization. Alteration halos of individual minerals such as pyrite and apatite extend dozens to hundreds of meters beyond the limits of the orebody into the host rocks. Likewise, the Fe-Mg ratio in hydrothermal chlorites changes systematically with respect to their distance from the orebody. Geochemical data obtained from portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) and petrophysical data acquired from a magnetic susceptibility meter and a gamma-ray spectrometer support the mineralogical data and help to accurately identify mineral halos in rocks surrounding the ore zone. Specifically, the combination of mineralogical data with multielement data such as P, Mn, As, P, and U obtained from p-XRF and positive U anomalies from radiometric measurements has potential to direct an exploration program toward higher Cu-Au grades.
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Ciputra, Roni, Suharji Suharji, Dhatu Kamajati, and Heri Syaeful. "Application of geostatistics to complete uranium resources estimation of Rabau Hulu Sector, Kalan, West Kalimantan." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020006001.
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Kalan is one of the focus areas for uranium exploration in West Borneo that conducted by BATAN. Situated in the central part of Kalan, previous works in Rabau Hulu Sector consisted of surface geology and radiometric anomaly mapping, trenching, drilling, logging, and conventional uranium resource estimation. Nevertheless, the complete resource estimation of the previous work was still using 2D modeling, and the latest one using 3D modeling is a method-application case study in one orebody. To increase the confidence level and completing the uranium resource estimation of all orebodies in this sector, a geostatistical estimation with 3D orebody modeling using SURPAC mine planning software was conducted in this paper. Gamma-ray log data from 32 drill holes were collected and then interpreted to obtain uranium grade-thickness data. Based on the correlation of grade-thickness data according to surface orebody orientation, the orebody 3D modeling was done. It resulted in 26 orebodies with one control system of lithology as the mineralization only taken place in the quartzite unit. This 3D model then used as a constraint for block model with 4x4x2 m block size and 0.25x0.25x0.125 m minimum block size. Block model calculation was performed using ordinary kriging which generated the kriging efficiency attribute for the determination of the resource category. Within 25 meters searching radius, the calculation resulted in 408, 480 tons of ore, while total uranium resource was 268 tons of uranium with 677 ppm average grade. There were 214 tons of uranium (79%) categorized as measured while the other 54 tons of uranium (21%) categorized as indicated.
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Liu, Yi Zheng, Bing Zhang, and Xiao Xia Yu. "Research and Application of the Ore Body Three-Dimensional Mathematical Model Based on Baiyang-Chuanxindong Ore Block in Bainiuchang Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.169.
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Bainiuchang mine is located in the junction of three tectonic units. It has excellent forming geological conditions and the potential for prospecting. Among it, the Baiyang-Chuanxindong ore block has a large prospecting space. According to deposit the previous geological exploration engineering data, based on Surpac software to establish the deposit database and ore grade distribution model, and the application of ordinary kriging estimation of orebody resources, orebody resources evaluation is more reliable, accurate, efficient and fast. Through the deposit model of digitalization and visualization, it will greatly promote the process of digital mine enterprises in china.
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Barrett, T. J., W. H. MacLean, S. Cattalani, L. Hoy, and G. Riverin. "Massive sulfide deposits of the Noranda area, Quebec. III. The Ansil mine." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1699–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-154.
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The Ansil massive sulfide deposit occurs at the contact of the underlying Northwest Rhyolite and the overlying Rusty Ridge Andesite, in the lower part of the Central Mine sequence of the Blake River Group. The orebody, which is roughly ellipsoidal in outline and up to 200 m × 150 m across, contained reserves of 1.58 Mt of massive sulfide grading 7.2% Cu, 0.9% Zn, 1.6 g/t Au, and 26.5 g/t Ag. Production began in 1989. Least-altered host rocks are low-K basaltic andesites and low-K rhyolites. These rocks have Zr/Y ratios of ~5 and LaN/YbN ratios of ~2.3, typical of tholeiitic volcanic rocks, although their major-element chemistry is transitional between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks.The Ansil deposit, which dips ~50° east, is a single orebody comprising two main massive sulfide lenses (up to ~35 m thick) connected laterally via a thinner blanket of massive sulfides, with thin discontinuous but conformable massive magnetite units at the base and top of the orebody. Sulfide ore consists of massive to banded pyrrhotite–chalcopyrite. In the downplunge lens, up to 10 m of massive magnetite are capped by up to 10 m of massive sulfide. Finely banded cherty tuff, with sphalerite–pyrite–chalcopyrite, forms a discontinuous fringe to the deposit.The two main lenses of massive sulfide have the highest contents of Cu, Ag, and Au and are thought to have formed in areas of major hydrothermal input. Altered feeder zones contain either chlorite + chalcopyrite + pyrrhotite ± magnetite, or chlorite + magnetite ± sulfides. Footwall mineralization forms semiconformable zones ~5–10 m thick that directly underlie the orebody and high-angle pipelike zones that extend at least 50 m into the footwall. Ti–Zr–Al plots indicate that almost all altered footwall rocks were derived from a homogeneous rhyolite precursor. Hanging-wall andesites were also altered. Despite some severe alteration, all initial volcanic rock compositions can be readily identified, and thus mass changes can be calculated. Silica has been both significantly added or removed from the footwall, whereas K has been added except in feeder pipes. Oxygen-isotope compositions up to at least 50 m into the hanging wall and footwall are typically depleted in δ18O by 2–6‰. These rocks have gained Fe + Mg and lost Si. Altered samples in general range from light-rare-earth-element (REE) depleted to light-REE enriched, although some samples exhibit little REE modification despite strong alkali depletion. Mineralized volcanic rocks immediately below the orebody are enriched in Eu (as are some Cu-rich sulfides in the orebody).Contact and petrographic relations generally suggest that the main zone of massive magnetite formed by replacement of cp–po-rich sulfides, although local relations are ambiguous. Magnetite formation may reflect waning hydrothermal activity, during which fluids mixed with seawater and became cooler and more oxidized. Cu-rich feeder pipes that cut magnetite-rich footwall indicate a renewal of Cu-sulfide mineralization after magnetite deposition. Chloritic zones with disseminated sulfides occur up to a few hundred metres above the orebody, attesting to continuing hydrothermal activity.
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Greenhalgh, Stewart, and Shunhua Cao. "Applied potential modelling of simple orebody structures." Exploration Geophysics 29, no. 3-4 (September 1998): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg998391.
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Soares, Amilcar. "Geostatistical estimation of orebody geometry: Morphological kriging." Mathematical Geology 22, no. 7 (October 1990): 787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00890663.
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Tămaș, Călin Gabriel, and Mădălina-Paula Andrii. "Mineralogy of Skarn Ores from Băița-Bihor, Northern Apuseni Mountains, Romania: A Case Study of Cu-, Bi-, and Sn-minerals." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050436.
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The Antoniu, Antoniu North, and Blidar Contact orebodies from the Băița-Bihor skarn deposit, Romania have been investigated using optical and electron microscopy. Electron probe microanalyses were acquired on samples from the Blidar Contact orebody. Bornite is the most abundant Cu-sulfide and hosts native bismuth, joséite-B, emplectite, and wittichenite. Kësterite and ferrokësterite were identified for the first time in the Băița-Bihor deposit; the occurrence of stannite was also confirmed. Temperatures of ore deposition in the Blidar Contact orebody are constrained from the compositions of sphalerite-kësterite and sphalerite-ferrokësterite pairs at 287 ± 25 °C to 310 ± 35 °C, and 447 ± 17 °C to 503 ± 68 °C, respectively.
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Yu, Xiao Xia, Jian Guo Gao, and Yi Zheng Liu. "The Limit of Kirin Factory Ore Body by the Dynamic Multi-Plans in Huize Lead-Zinc Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5231.
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Huize lead-zinc mine is one of the typical representative of large rich lead-zinc deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc mineralization district. It plays a key role in the development of Yunnan non-ferrous metals industry. In this paper, on the basis of enough analysis and research to Kirin factory Ore Body’s geologic feature in Huize lead-zinc mines, using reasonable economic parameters, combined with the actual situation of the orebody and break-even analysis, optimizing cut-off grade, it delineates the ore body by breakeven grade and comprehensive grade and achieves a dynamic multi-plans orebody for the purpose of the service life of mine.
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Yesares, Lola, Drew A. Drummond, Steven P. Hollis, Aileen L. Doran, Julian F. Menuge, Adrian J. Boyce, Robert J. Blakeman, and John H. Ashton. "Coupling Mineralogy, Textures, Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes in Identifying Ore-Forming Processes in Irish-Type Carbonate-Hosted Zn–Pb Deposits." Minerals 9, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060335.
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Irish-type deposits comprise carbonate-hosted sphalerite- and galena-rich lenses concentrated near normal faults. We present new data from the Tara Deep resource and overlying mineralization, at Navan, and the Island Pod deposit and associated Main zone orebodies, at Lisheen. Tara Deep mineralization predominantly replaces Tournasian micrites and subordinate Visean sedimentary breccias. The mineralization is mainly composed of sphalerite, galena, marcasite and pyrite. A range of Cu- and Sb-bearing minerals occur as minor phases. At Tara Deep, paragenetically early sulfides exhibit negative δ34S values, with later phases displaying positive δ34S values, indicating both bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and hydrothermal sulfur sources, respectively. However, maximum δ34S values are heavier (25‰) than in the Main Navan orebody (17‰). These mineralogical and isotopic features suggest that Tara Deep represents near-feeder mineralization relative to the Navan Main orebody. The subeconomic mineralization hosted in the overlying Thin Bedded Unit (TBU) comprises sphalerite replacing framboidal pyrite, both exhibiting negative δ34S values (−37.4 to −8.3‰). These features indicate a BSR source of sulfur for TBU mineralization, which may represent seafloor exhalation of mineralizing fluids that formed the Tara Deep orebody. The Island Pod orebody, at Lisheen, shows a mineralogical paragenetic sequence and δ34S values broadly similar to other Lisheen orebodies. However, the lack of minor Cu, Ni, and Sb minerals suggests a setting more distal to hydrothermal metal feeder zones than the other Lisheen orebodies. Pb isotope data indicate a very homogeneous Lower Palaeozoic Pb source for all Navan orebodies. Lower Palaeozoic metal sources are also inferred for Lisheen, but with variations both within and between orebodies. Carbon and oxygen isotopic variations at Navan and Lisheen appear to result from fluid-carbonate rock buffering. The emerging spectrum of mineralogical and isotopic variations define proximal to distal characteristics of Irish-type systems and will assist in developing geochemical vectoring tools for exploration.
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Sainoki, Atsushi, and Hani S. Mitri. "Evaluation of fault-slip potential due to shearing of fault asperities." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 10 (October 2015): 1417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0375.
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Mining activities in underground mines could induce fault-slip that inflicts devastating damage to mine openings. Thus, enhancing current knowledge about fault-slip taking place in underground mines is of paramount importance. In this study, static and dynamic analyses are performed using mine-wide models encompassing a fault running parallel to a steeply dipping, tabular orebody. In the static analysis, modelled stopes within the orebody are extracted and backfilled in accordance with a sublevel stoping method. Dynamic analyses may be performed, depending on the stress states at the end of each mining stage during the static analysis, to simulate fault-slip induced by a stress drop resulting from asperity shear. Selected seismic source parameters of the simulated fault-slip are then computed for each mining stage. The relation between D/H (where D is distance between the fault and the orebody, and H is height of the mined-out ore) and seismic source parameters is examined. It is shown that seismic moment and radiated seismic energy correlate well with D/H, thus suggesting that this ratio could be used as an indicator of fault-slip potential. On the other hand, no noticeable correlation between the maximum slip rate during fault-slip and D/H could be ascertained.
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Zhou, Chun Mei, and Dian Ji Zhang. "Numerical Simulation Research on the Influence of Tailings Surcharge Load at Open-Pit Mine." Advanced Materials Research 507 (April 2012): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.507.237.
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In this paper,international geotechnical engineering analysis software FLAC was used to simulate the influence of tailings surcharge load at open- pit mine to overlying orebody mining at the north of Axi gold deposits in Xinjiang.Engineering geological properties and the process of establishing geological model of open -pit mine in the north of Axi gold deposits in Xinjiang were introduced .It simulated the laws of deformation,stress and plastic zone of the top and base of wall rocks of underground mining in two conditions. The result shows that tailings surcharge load has less influence on orebody mining so that it is a feasible project. But we should strengthen the safety monitoring of rock mass,especially for displacement and stress monitoring of the rock beam.
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Charbucinski, Jacek, Mihai Borsaru, and Michael Gladwin. "Ultralow‐radiation‐intensity spectrometric probe for orebody delineation and grade control of zinc‐lead ore." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 6 (November 2000): 1970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444880.
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A fully spectrometric gamma—gamma probe using an ultralow‐activity gamma‐ray source (i.e., <2 MBq) has been developed. The prototype low‐radiation‐intensity probe was tested at a zinc‐lead deposit in Queensland, Australia. The probe showed an excellent capability for orebody delineation. Lithological profiles derived from logging data showed sharp anomalies both in selected spectral regions and in spectral ratios during probe transition from orebody to barren rock, or vice versa. In comparison to standard geochemical analysis, the instrument demonstrated good potential for quantitative determination of lead and zinc content in ore with rms error of 0.3% and 2.4%, respectively. Delineation of nonlithological boundaries, through an application of a cutoff‐grade algorithm, has been demonstrated as a practical stand‐alone mine control tool.
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Dominy, Simon, Louisa O’Connor, Hylke Glass, and Yuling Xie. "Geometallurgical Study of a Gravity Recoverable Gold Orebody." Minerals 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8050186.
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Both, R. A., and E. F. Stumpfl. "Distribution of silver in the Broken Hill orebody." Economic Geology 82, no. 4 (July 1, 1987): 1037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.4.1037.
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de Oliveira, D. P. S., J. X. Matos, C. J. P. Rosa, D. R. N. Rosa, M. O. Figueiredo, T. P. Silva, F. Guimaraes, et al. "The Lagoa Salgada Orebody, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal." Economic Geology 106, no. 7 (October 10, 2011): 1111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.7.1111.
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Tonkin, C., D. A. Clark, and D. W. Emerson. "The Magnetisation of the Elura Orebody, Cobar, NSW." Exploration Geophysics 19, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg988368.
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Mills, H., A. N. Halliday, J. H. Ashton, I. K. Anderson, and M. J. Russell. "Origin of a giant orebody at Navan, Ireland." Nature 327, no. 6119 (May 1987): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/327223a0.
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İlhan, Hacer, and Haşmet Gürçay. "Polygon Morphing and Its Application in Orebody Modeling." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/732365.
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Three different polygon morphing methods are examined. The first one is based on the utilization of the trimmed skeleton of the symmetric difference of the source and target polygons as an intermediate polygon. The second one reduces the problem to the problem of morphing compatible planar triangulations and utilizes the representation of planar triangulations as a matrix constructed using barycentric coordinates of the planar triangulation's vertices relative to their neighbors. The third and last one describes the polygon by the parametric curve representation based on estimated Fourier parameters and thus transfers the morphing process to Fourier parametric space. The different features and comparative results of these methods are shown by the tests with different examples. These methods are used for generating a set of polygonal sections from two nonplanar polygonal sections which are nearly planar in 3D before constructing a three-dimensional object from these nonplanar sections.
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Sides, E. J. "Quantifying differences between computer models of orebody shapes." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 79, no. 1 (1994): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1994.079.01.11.
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Buselli, G., K. G. McCracken, and M. Thorburn. "Transient electromagnetic response of the Teutonic Bore orebody." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 4 (April 1986): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442153.
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Transient electromagnetic (TEM) measurements have been made with SIROTEM on four separate surveys over the Teutonic Bore orebody (Western Australia), both before mining operations began and subsequently during different stages of stripping overburden from the mineral deposit. In the late stage of the transient decay the target response was relatively free of the overburden and host‐rock response. Beyond ∼ 6 ms, the maximum anomalous response was a factor of 8 to 10 greater than the combined overburden and host‐rock response. Analog modeling with a copper plate in free space shows that the TEM response of the target consists of a single peak at early delay times, while at delay times beyond ∼ 4.2 ms, the response becomes a double‐peak anomaly with a low directly over the top of the plate. Mathematical modeling of the TEM response with a free‐space infinitely thin plate produces profile characteristics similar to those obtained by analog modeling beyond a delay time of ∼ 4.2 ms. Inversion of premining survey profiles in the delay time range 7.0 to 13.2 ms gives values of 82 m for target depth d, and 86 degrees for dip angle θ. These agree well with the values d = 86 m and θ = 82 degrees derived from drilling data. A target conductance value in the range 250 to 320 S is obtained from the TEM data, indicating that the massive sulfide target is highly conductive. Responses calculated for surveys made during overburden stripping are lower than corresponding field values at early delay times because of the absence of overburden response in the model measurements. At delay times beyond 8.5 ms, the model values are consistent with the field values. These results indicate that for a case similar to the Teutonic Bore orebody, where the maximum anomalous late‐time response is a factor of 8 to 10 times greater than the background response, important target parameters may be derived from free‐space models.
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Wang, Qingfei, Jun Deng, Juncai Zhao, Ning Li, and Li Wan. "The fractal relationship between orebody tonnage and thickness." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 122 (November 2012): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.018.
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Guo, Yanhui, and Luo Luo. "Monitoring and Analysis of Deformation Evolution Law of Fault Activation Caused by Deep Mining in Shizishan Copper Mine, China." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 6863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12146863.
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In order to study the deformation evolution law of fault activation caused by deep mining in Shizishan Copper Mine, China, a monitoring system for fault activation slip is designed and implemented on the basis of the field investigation of footwall fault activation of the main orebody in the mining area. The displacement and stress of the fault are monitored by the multipoint displacement meter, bolt stress meter, and borehole stress meter. According to the measured results, the activation deformation laws of fault F2, fault F3, and fault F4 during deep continuous mining are analyzed in detail. The results show that, when the influence range of underground mining spreads to the fault, the increase in the additional tensile stress on the fault plane will reduce the shear strength of the fault and increase the slip of the fault. When the shear stress exceeds the shear strength of the fault plane, the shear failure of the fault plane occurs, the rock mass on both sides of the fault loses stability, and the fault becomes active; when the orebody in the deep sublevel 14 and sublevel 15 were continuously stoped, the development of the mining influence area to fault F2 leads to fault F2’s activation. When stoping the orebody in sublevel 16, fault F3 also activates. With the continuous downward mining of the deep part, the slip amount increases continuously. The fault activation sequence is from fault F2 to fault F3, and then to fault F4.
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Barrett, T. J., W. H. MacLean, S. Cattalani, and L. Hoy. "Massive sulfide deposits of the Noranda area, Quebec. V. The Corbet mine." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1934–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-171.
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The Corbet deposit is located in the upper part of the Flavrian andesite, the lowest volcanic formation within cycle III of the Noranda Central Mine Sequence. The deposit consisted of one main lens of massive sulfides, and several smaller lenses, and contained 2.7 × 106 t of mineable ore at 2.92% Cu, 1.98% Zn, 20.6 g/t Ag, and 1.0 g/t Au. The orebody had a massive pyrrhotite–chalcopyrite core, which passed laterally into massive pyrite–sphalerite. The northwestern part of the ore-body is overlain by 50–100 m of Flavrian andesite, whereas the southeastern portion is overlain by Northwest rhyolite.Lavas within the Flavrian andesite and the lower Northwest rhyolite are low in K2O (<0.5%), and are partly of tholeiitic affinity, and partly of transitional affinity. The tholeiitic volcanic series has Zr/Y ratios of 2.8 to 4.5, whereas the transitional series has Zr/Y ratios of 4.5 to 7.1. The two series are also distinct in plots of Nb–Zr, Yb–Zr, Nb–Y, and the rare earth elements. These data indicate that two slightly different magma types existed in the chamber that fed this portion of the extrusive Central Mine Sequence.Alteration is most intense in the breccias of the upper Flavrian andesite, within ~50 m of the orebody, and is almost entirely chloritic. There is no zone of silicification, although moderate sericitization occurs lateral to and above the orebody. Mass-change calculations indicate that large amounts of SiO2 and CaO + Na2O were leached from the rocks by hydrothermal solutions, whereas large amounts of hydrothermal FeO and seawater MgO were added.Oxygen isotope depletions are among the largest in the Noranda area and extend laterally and vertically up to 300 m from the orebody. Within this volume, δ18O values of altered volcanic rocks have been decreased to values as low as 2 to −2‰. These depletions result from reactions with seawater at ~ 250–300 °C and from strong silica leaching, as indicated by mass-change calculations. The hydrothermal system at Corbet can be assessed using two lithogeochemical tools: calculated mass changes and oxygen isotope ratios, both of which are sensitive to water–rock ratio and temperature.
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Martinsson, J., and W. Törnman. "Modelling the Dynamic Relationship Between Mining Induced Seismic Activity and Production Rates, Depth and Size: A Mine-Wide Hierarchical Model." Pure and Applied Geophysics 177, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 2619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02378-y.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe dynamic properties of mining induced seismic activity with respect to production rate, depth and size are studied in seven orebodies in the same underground iron ore mine. The objective is to understand the relationship between the measured seismic activity and the: seismic decay time, planned production rate, production size and mining depth. This relationship is the first step to individually customise the production rate for each orebody in the mine, make short-term predictions of future seismicity given planned productions, and to find out in what way the available predictors affect the seismicity. The seismic response with respect to the dependent variables is parametrised and the estimated decay times for each orebody, which are of particular interest here, are compared. An autoregressive model is proposed to capture the dynamic relationship between the induced seismic activity, the current production rate and the past seismic activity. Bayesian estimation of the parameters is considered and parameter constraints are incorporated in the prior distributions. The models for all orebodies are tied together and modelled hierarchically to capture the underlying joint structure of the problem, where the mine-wide parameters are learnt together with the individual orebody parameters from the observed data. Comparisons between the parameters from the hierarchical model and independent models are given. Group-level regressions reveal dependencies on size and mining depth. Model validation with posterior predictive checking using several discrepancy measures could not detect any model deficiencies or flaws. Posterior predictive intervals are evaluated and inference of model parameters are presented.
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Bhuiyan, Mahadi, Kamran Esmaieli, and Juan C. Ordóñez-Calderón. "Application of Data Analytics Techniques to Establish Geometallurgical Relationships to Bond Work Index at the Paracutu Mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Minerals 9, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050302.
Full textAbstract:
Analysis of geometallurgical data is essential to building geometallurgical models that capture physical variability in the orebody and can be used for the optimization of mine planning and the prediction of milling circuit performance. However, multivariate complexity and compositional data constraints can make this analysis challenging. This study applies unsupervised and supervised learning to establish relationships between the Bond ball mill work index (BWI) and geomechanical, geophysical and geochemical variables for the Paracatu gold orebody. The regolith and fresh rock geometallurgical domains are established from two cluster sets resulting from K-means clustering of the first three principal component (PC) scores of isometric log-ratio (ilr) coordinates of geochemical data and standardized BWI, geomechanical and geophysical data. The first PC is attributed to weathering and reveals a strong relationship between BWI and rock strength and fracture intensity in the regolith. Random forest (RF) classification of BWI in the fresh rock identifies the greater importance of geochemical ilr balances relative to geomechanical and geophysical variables.
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Zhdanov, Michael S., Robert Ellis, and Souvik Mukherjee. "Three‐dimensional regularized focusing inversion of gravity gradient tensor component data." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 4 (July 2004): 925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1778236.
Full textAbstract:
We develop a new method for interpretation of tensor gravity field component data, based on regularized focusing inversion. The focusing inversion makes its possible to reconstruct a sharper image of the geological target than conventional maximum smoothness inversion. This new technique can be efficiently applied for the interpretation of gravity gradiometer data, which are sensitive to local density anomalies. The numerical modeling and inversion results show that the resolution of the gravity method can be improved significantly if we use tensor gravity data for interpretation. We also apply our method for inversion of the gradient gravity data collected by BHP Billiton over the Cannington Ag‐Pb‐Zn orebody in Queensland, Australia. The comparison with the drilling results demonstrates a remarkable correlation between the density anomaly reconstructed by the gravity gradient data and the true structure of the orebody. This result indicates that the emerging new geophysical technology of the airborne gravity gradient observations can improve significantly the practical effectiveness of the gravity method in mineral exploration.