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Journal articles on the topic 'Ore deposits'
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1
McKibben, Michael A. "Ore deposits." Reviews of Geophysics 33 (1995): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95rg01164.
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GLUKHOV, A. "Use of play analysis in ore deposit forecasting аnd prospecting." Domestic geology, no. 5 (November 25, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2021-10027.
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Play analysis was developed and is successfully used in oil and gas deposit prospecting. It is recommended for use in ore deposit forecasting and prospecting. Ore plays are deposits, mineral occurrences and prospects of common genesis, they are confined to a single structural and formational complex. Within one play, deposits are prospected and explored using the same technique; discovered deposits have similar technological ore properties. Geological/genetic and technological play uniformity simplifies their forecast assessment.
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Bi, Tian Ping, Li Shuang Sun, and Peng Feng Bi. "A Spatial Measurement and Statistics Method to Forecast Ore Deposits." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.109.
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This study used spatial measurement and statistics methods to investigate spatial relationship between ore deposits and fractures in Liaoning province of China. Firstly, bivariate J function found that the ore deposits have a clustering trend around the fractures. Secondly, a conditional intensity formula for ore deposits based on Poisson process was used to model the ore deposits spatial dependence on the fractures, and the formula of model was fitted in statistics software called R. Finally, the fitted model was used to predict high intensity areas of buried ore deposits based on locations of visible fractures, which could be used to guide ore deposit exploration.
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Clemmey, H. "Sedimentary ore deposits." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 18, no. 1 (1985): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1985.018.01.11.
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Wolf, K. H. "Uranium ore deposits." Ore Geology Reviews 9, no. 3 (August 1994): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(94)90011-6.
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Gauthier-Lafaye, F. "Uranium ore deposits." Earth-Science Reviews 36, no. 1-2 (April 1994): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90022-1.
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Ma, Si Gen, Ming Qin He, Yun Zheng Tang, and Zhen Hua Wang. "Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Orientation of the Altered Rock Type Gold Deposits in Southeastern Guizhou Province, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1809.
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The altered rock type gold deposit is the one type gold deposits which can form super-large gold deposit. The super-large altered rock type gold deposit has its specialties among the forming time, forming generation, ore-hosted strata, wall rock alteration, area and structure. The southeast Guizhou Province has wonderful minerogenetic conditions. The area has the similar minerogenetic geological setting as many large, super-large altered rock type gold deposits. The characteristics of the altered rock type gold deposits that are distributed in this area have many similarities with other large, super-large altered rock gold deposits. It indicates that the deep of the southeast of Guizhou Province altered rock type gold metallogenic belt has great prospecting potentiality for looking for such type gold deposits from ore-hosted strata, ore-control structure, mineral paragenesis and ore-forming temperature etc.
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Togizov, Kuanysh, Lyudmila Issayeva, Daulet Muratkhanov, Madina Kurmangazhina, Maciej Swęd, and Agata Duczmal-Czernikiewicz. "Rare Earth Elements in the Shok-Karagay Ore Fields (Syrymbet Ore District, Northern Kazakhstan) and Visualisation of the Deposits Using the Geography Information System." Minerals 13, no. 11 (November 20, 2023): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13111458.
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Rare earth elements deposited in ion-adsorption clay-type deposits in Northern Kazakhstan were recognised using mineralogical and geochemical methods. The diversity and mineralogical properties of the Shok-Karagay deposit and Syrymbet ore fields under investigation in this study are closely related to the process of the formation of the deposits as well as the deposits’ architecture. A combination of mineralogical research and digital technology (GIS) was used to characterise the deposits. Rare earth elements from the cerium series were found in the following quantities: La (in ppm), 43–200; Ce, 57–206; Sm, 100–300; Eu, 22–100. Yttrium-series elements were found in the following quantities: Y, 31–106; Gd, 100–200; Tb, 100–200; Dy, 0–300; Ho, 0–20; Er, 0–364; Tm, 0.28–0.85; Yb, 2.2–39; Lu, 0–200. The wireframe and block models indicated that the bodies’ forms were 1800 m wide, 3500 m long, and 20–40 m thick. The major REE group minerals in both bodies were monazite and xenotime, whereas the minor minerals included yttrium parisite, silicorabdophanite, thorite, and orangite; moreover, ilmenite and titanomagnetite were found. The 3D models that were constructed indicated that the mineralogy and geochemistry of the ore bodies played a determining role in the deposits’ architecture.
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Nikiforov, Alexander. "ORE CONTROL OF KHIZOVAARA STRUCTURE DEPOSITS." SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/eps2019/issue1.02.
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Ore-controlling factors determine the patterns of formation and localization of mineralization within ore regions and deposits. The need for this study arises from the importance of integrated assessment of mineral resources and improvement of metasomatic formation techniques. This is especially important for geological materials which are mined for their direct commercial value (industrial materials). This article is devoted to the study of the ore control of complex industrial minerals. The Khizovaara structure belongs to the Tikshozero greenstone belt. Within the structure, a multistage metamorphism and metasomatism processes are manifested. The totality of lithological, structural and petrologic ore control factors determines the existence within the structure of several deposits. These are deposits of industrial minerals, such as garnet, quartz, muscovite, kyanite, staurolite. In almost all cases, the ores are complex. The following objects were studied: Southern Lens (kyanite + quartz) deposit, Northern lens (kyanite + quartz) deposit, East Khizovaara (muscovite + quartz) deposit, Vysota-181 (garnet + staurolite + kyanite + muscovite + quartz) deposit, ore occurence Fuxit (decorative rocks). For the ores of each site, the processes of regional metamorphism of the amphibolite facies of kyanite-biotite and muscovite-chlorite-kyanite subfacies are important. Metamorphism, tectonic regime and geological connection with rocks has been studied as a ore control factor, based on this, data on the quantitative distribution of industrial minerals of metamorphic genesis have been obtained. Acidic and alkaline metasomatites of each site are considered. On the basis of these data, metasomatic processes that lead to the formation of complex ores are revealed. The process of superposition of metasomatosis products of the late stage on the products of early stage metasomatosis was studied. This process leads to the formation of complex ores of three or four minerals. The result of the work is a general scheme of metamorphic and metasomatic ores control
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DAMDINOV, BULAT, ILYA VIKENTIEV, LYUDMILA DAMDINOVA, OLGA MININA, SERGEI ZHMODIK, IVAN SOBOLEV, YEVGENIYA TYUKOVA, et al. "Problems of the genesis of ore deposits of the Ozerninsky polymetallic ore cluster (western Transbaikalian region, Russia)." Domestic geology, no. 2 (June 5, 2023): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2023-10010.
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The Ozerninsky ore cluster is a unique geological megastructure in terms of the concentration of rich and diverse mineralization. More than 20 deposits of lead, zinc, iron, copper, barite, and gold are concentrated here, including the Ozernoye polymetallic deposit, the largest in Russia in terms of the zinc reserve. Our studies have shown that many morphological features of the ores of this deposit, which most researchers assign to the hydrothermal-sedimentary type, are ambiguous; some signs of a metasomatic origin of the sulfide mineralization are observed. Along with lead-zinc deposits, complex gold-polymetallic, iron-oxide (hematite-magnetite), and copper-barite deposits are known within the Ozerninsky ore cluster, the origin of which remains debatable. Due to the wide distribution of exogenous gold deposits, there exists a need to assess the gold content of various types of the endogenous ore mineralization as potential sources of the precious metals. Despite the rather long period of studies of the Ozerninsky ore cluster (more than half a century), many questions related to ratios of the different mineralization types, the age, genesis of the ores, and geodynamic settings of formation of the deposits are still the subject of discussion. Solution of these issues requires more detailed geochronological and lithological-stratigraphic investigations conducted in combination with studying the mineral composition of the ores, their isotope-geochemical characteristics, and the physico-chemical formation conditions.
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P Marshall, Craig, Karen L Mackenzie, Junhong Chen, Dorothy Z Oehler, Graham A Logan, and Malcolm R Walter. "Microbes, organic matter and ore deposits." Microbiology Australia 25, no. 1 (2004): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma04136.
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The 1640 Ma (million years old) Here?s Your Chance (HYC) deposit at McArthur River, Northern Territory, Australia is one of the largest and least metamorphosed lead-zinc-silver deposits in the world. The mineralised interval has been divided into several orebodies and is separated by relatively barren sediment.
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Peremetchyk, A., S. Pysmennyi, S. Chukharev, N. Shvaher, S. Fedorenko, and R. Moraru. "Geometrization of Kryvbas iron ore deposits." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1254, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1254/1/012067.
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Abstract Mining and geometrical prediction of iron ore deposit quality indices to solve problems of long-term and current planning intended to provide the most efficient performance of mining enterprises in terms of ore blending quality and increase rationalization of deposit development is an important aspect of geometrization. Investigations carried out to develop a mining-geometrical method for predicting indices of iron ore deposit quality are topical nowadays. The present study aims to enhance the methodology for geometrization of iron ore deposit quality indices for developing a mining-geometrical method of their prediction to provide rational mining. The research methodology consists in mining and geometrical modeling of quality indices and properties of the deposit, thus enabling determination of a certain relationship between components of a mineral, and, thereby, identification of the nature of these components’ location in the mineral. The latter is essential in design, construction and operation of a mineral deposit. The obtained results allow predicting quality indices of the deposit, assessing mineral reserves and consequently planning and optimizing performance of mining enterprises. The developed methods enable increased efficiency of mining iron ore deposits of Kryvbas.
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Svistunov, V. V., and V. Yu Prokofiev. "Composition of the ore-forming fluid and physicochemical parameters of ores formation of the Malmyzh Au-Cu-porphyry deposit on the example ore area Freedom (Far East, Russia)." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2021-1-50-57.
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Fluid inclusions in quartz from one of the Au-Cu mineralization centers of the Malmyzh porphyry deposit’s — Freedom are studied. Established the chloride-predominant composition of fluid, that was formed Au-Cu mineralization of deposit. The main physical and chemistry characteristics of ore-forming fluid: temperature — 250–530 С, salts concentration — 0,8– 48,0 wt% NaCl eq., pressure — 15–62 MPa. Based on calculations of ore-formed fluids pressure concluded what ore formed on depth 1,5–2,4 km. The ore-bearing block moved up to 900 m during the ore-formation time. The results of study can be used in prospecting and exploration of gold-copper porphyry deposits.
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Guo, Dongwei, Yanhe Li, Chao Duan, and Changfu Fan. "Involvement of Evaporite Layers in the Formation of Iron Oxide-Apatite Ore Deposits: Examples from the Luohe Deposit in China and the El Laco Deposit in Chile." Minerals 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12081043.
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Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are important sources of iron. The role of evaporite layers in the formation of IOA ore deposits remains controversial. The Luohe deposit in eastern China and the El Laco deposit in Chile are representative IOA deposits. In this study, the S isotope characteristics of these two deposits are revisited. The formation of the Luohe ore deposit is closely related to marine evaporite layers in the Middle Triassic Dongma’anshan Formation. At Luohe, most of the sulfides and sulfates have high δ34SV-CDT values (concentrated from 6‰ to 10‰ and 16‰ to 20‰, respectively). The δ34SV-CDT values of sulfates are similar to those of marine evaporite layers (28–30‰) in the Dongma’anshan Formation. Estimates show that 46–82% of sulfur in the Luohe deposit is derived from marine evaporite layers. Unlike the Luohe deposit, the El Laco ore deposit formed in close relation to terrestrial evaporite layers from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Salta Group. At El Laco, the sulfides and sulfates have lower δ34SV-CDT values of −2.3‰ to −0.9‰ and 6.8‰ to 10.5‰, respectively. The δ34SV-CDT values of sulfates from the El Laco deposit are similar to those of sulfates from terrestrial evaporite layers (9.5‰) in the Salta Group. Estimates reveal that more than 70% of sulfur comes from terrestrial evaporite layers. These results indicate that evaporite layers have been involved in IOA ore-forming systems of both hydrothermal and magmatic deposits. Evaporite layers are proposed to have played key roles in the ore-forming processes of the Luohe and the Laco deposits and in other IOA deposits elsewhere.
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Damdinova, Ludmila, and Bulat Damdinov. "Tungsten Ores of the Dzhida W-Mo Ore Field (Southwestern Transbaikalia, Russia): Mineral Composition and Physical-Chemical Conditions of Formation." Minerals 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070725.
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This article discusses the peculiarities of mineral composition and a fluid inclusions (FIs further in the text) study of the Kholtoson W and Inkur W deposits located within the Dzhida W-Mo ore field (Southwestern Transbaikalia, Russia). The Mo mineralization spatially coincides with the apical part of the Pervomaisky stock (Pervomaisky deposit), and the W mineralization forms numerous quartz veins in the western part of the ore field (Kholtoson vein deposit) and the stockwork in the central part (Inkur stockwork deposit). The ore mineral composition is similar at both deposits. Quartz is the main gangue mineral; there are also present muscovite, K-feldspar, and carbonates. The main ore mineral of both deposits is hubnerite. In addition to hubnerite, at both deposits, more than 20 mineral species were identified; they include sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, etc.), sulfosalts (tetrahedrite, aikinite, stannite, etc.), oxides (scheelite, cassiterite), and tellurides (hessite). The results of mineralogical and fluid inclusions studies allowed us to conclude that the Inkur W and the Kholtoson W deposits were formed by the same hydrothermal fluids, related to the same ore-forming system. For both deposits, the fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures varied within the range ~195–344 °C. The presence of cogenetic liquid- and vapor-dominated inclusions in the quartz from the ores of the Kholtoson deposit allowed us to estimate the true temperature range of mineral formation as 413–350 °C. Ore deposition occurred under similar physical-chemical conditions, differing only in pressures of mineral formation. The main factors of hubnerite deposition from hydrothermal fluids were decreases in temperature.
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Bushuev, Yackov Yur’evich, and Vasilii Ivanovich Leontev. "The Geochemical Features of Epithermal Gold-Telluride (Au-Te) Ores of the Podgolechnoe Deposit (Central Aldan Ore District, Yakutia)." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.422.
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The Central Aldan ore district is a geologically unique area, representing the conjunction zone of the ancient structures of the Archean–Proterozoic crystalline shield, overlain by the Vendian–Cambrian sedimentary cover. The latter was formed in the Mesozoic by intensive alkaline magmatism. Within the Central Aldan ore district, most of primary gold-ore deposits are confined to the sedimentary cover. Until recently it was considered that only ancient complexes in the crystalline basement contain commercial Au-U mineralization. As a result of the geological exploration works over the period of 2003–2006, the Podgolechnoe deposit was discovered. Gold mineralization in this deposit occurs both in rocks of sedimentary cover and crystalline basement. Ore bodies in rocks of the crystalline basement (A-type alkaline deposits) contain epithermal gold-telluride (Au-Te) mineralization, which is new for Central Aldan ore district. This work presents results of the study of geochemical composition of the Podgolechnoe deposit ores and their comparison with typical epithermal gold-ore deposits. In total, 15 samples were studied. The homogeneity of the sample collection, the correlation between Au and other elements, the enrichment coefficients of elements-admixtures, and the REE distribution were analyzed. It was established that gold ores of the Podgolechnoe deposit are geochemically heterogeneous, but, in general, they correspond to the geochemical spectrum characteristic of the gold ores of A-type epithermal deposits. In contrast to Au-U deposits, common in the studied area, ores of the Podgolechnoe deposit show no correlation between gold and uranium.
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Kirwin, D. "Granite-Related Ore Deposits." Economic Geology 107, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.2.383.
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Wolf, K. H. "Bitumens in ore deposits." Ore Geology Reviews 9, no. 3 (August 1994): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(94)90012-4.
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Barnes, Stephen J., David A. Holwell, and Margaux Le Vaillant. "Magmatic Sulfide Ore Deposits." Elements 13, no. 2 (April 2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.13.2.89.
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Anderson, Melissa O. "Deep-sea ore deposits." Nature Geoscience 11, no. 10 (October 2018): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0237-y.
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Sun, Weidong, Xing Ding, Ming-Xing Ling, Robert E. Zartman, and Xiao-Yong Yang. "Subduction and ore deposits." International Geology Review 57, no. 9-10 (May 20, 2015): iii—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2015.1029543.
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Alpern, B. "Bitumens in ore deposits." Earth-Science Reviews 36, no. 1-2 (April 1994): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90017-5.
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Nekrasov, Е. М. "Principles governing the selection of ore regions for gold deposit search." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration 63, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2020-63-6-77-86.
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Background. In 2020, the Auditing Chamber of the Russian Federation, based on a representative report by its expert analysts M. Men’ and A. Kaulbars, proposed expanding the search for deposits of a number of metals, including gold. Since the fund of easily discovered gold deposits coming to the surface has been significantly reduced, prospecting of ore regions most promising in terms of gold deposits becomes highly relevant.Aim. In connection with the above task, it seems expedient to outline territories within the currently known gold provinces, where the prerequisites and signs of gold ores could be detected with minimal expenditures for their subsequent verification by drilling.Materials and methods. The study involved calculating the shares of the world’s gold reserves attributable to each type of distinguished deposits located in various rocks. The extensive experience of prospecting work carried out in recent decades and culminated in the discovery of the Muruntau deposit in Uzbekistan, a world leader in the development of gold deposits, and Russian largest and giant deposits – Natalka, Sukholozhskoe, Nezhdaninsky, Degdekansky, Maisky, Oktyabrsky, Pavlik, Kupol, as well as the Bakyrchik deposit in Kazakhstan and others, clearly shows that the most promising and largest deposits are selectively localized in favourable rocks and largescale disjunctive dislocations, or faults. To identify favourable rocks, the distribution of the world’s gold reserves in various rocks was analysed, as well as the distribution of reserves in the areas of the largest deposits in ore-bearing faults as the most favourable fault types containing the most powerful and extended gold ore bodies.Results. A comparison of the shares of reserves has shown that the most promising for prospecting are those rock complexes containing the highest proportions of the world’s gold reserves. The article presents the distribution of shares of the world’s gold reserves for near surface and deep-formed deposits of various types. The main share of the world’s gold reserves in deeply formed deposits is shown to be concentrated in the Phanerozoic strata of sandy-clayey composition and in the interlayers of easily replaceable carbonate and amphibolite shales developed in the Proterozoic quartzite-phyllite rocks. The reserves of near-surface gold-silver and gold-telluride ores are selectively located in the young Mesozoic-Cenozoic volcanic rocks of basalt-andesite composition, accompanied by dikes, subvolcanic stocks and the pipes of explosive breccias with large-scale gold ore bodies confined to them. Thus, the most promising areas for prospecting new deposits are those composed of the mentioned rock complexes and crossed by ore-bearing faults, in the zones of which the main largest ore bodies are concentrated. Conclusion. The conducted study into the distribution of the world’s gold reserves in the deposits of various types, as well as the selective localization of ores in deposits with the main and large scale ore bodies in the zones of ore-bearing faults (and, accordingly, containing the concentration of the main share of reserves in a particular deposit), provides a basis for discovering new deposits of the precious metal with minimal expenditures, thus contributing to increasing the resource base of the Russian Federation.
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Li, Jinwei, Lichuan Pan, Yitong Guo, and Shunfu Lu. "Multi-Isotopic Compositions of Ores from the Shizishan Cu–Au–Mo Orefield in the Tongling Region, Eastern China: Implications for Ore Genesis." Minerals 13, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070985.
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The Middle–Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (MLYMB) hosts abundant porphyry–skarn–stratabound-type Cu–Au–Mo deposits. Despite extensive research, the origin of the stratabound-type deposits, which developed at the unconformity interface between the Devonian and Carboniferous strata in the MLYMB, remains controversial. The primary debate centers on whether these deposits are the result of Carboniferous sedimentary exhalative mineralization or Mesozoic magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization. In this paper, we examine three representative deposits in the Shizishan orefield: the Chaoshan skarn-type Au deposit, the Hucun porphyry–skarn-type Cu–Mo deposit, and the Dongguashan Cu–(Au) deposit, which has a disputed genesis of its stratiform orebodies. Economically important ore minerals, such as chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and pyrrhotite, and their associated quartz and calcite, were focused on, rather than the extensively studied pyrite in the Tongling region. The ore genesis and sources of mineralized elements in the Shizishan orefield were investigated using H, O, C, S, Pb, and Cu isotopes. The H–O isotopic compositions of hydrothermal quartz from the Chaoshan, Dongguashan, and Hucun deposits indicate that the ore-forming fluids were mainly magmatic water with some meteoric water input. The C–O isotopic compositions of calcite show a large difference from the local sedimentary carbonates. The S isotopic compositions of sulfides reveal a magmatic sulfur signature. The Pb isotopic compositions in the three deposits are similar to those of the Shizishan intrusions, suggesting a magmatic source for Pb. The Cu isotopic compositions of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite demonstrate that Cu, the primary ore-forming element, was mainly derived from magmatic–hydrothermal fluids. The stratiform orebodies display H–O–C–S–Pb–Cu isotopes consistent with the porphyry orebodies in the Dongguashan deposit, as well as in the Chaoshan and Hucun deposits, indicating a common ore genesis. From these, we conclude that the porphyry–skarn–stratabound-type Cu–Au–Mo deposits in the Shizishan orefield can be classified as a unified Mesozoic magmatic–hydrothermal metallogenic system. The stratabound-type copper sulfide deposits and the porphyry–skarn-type copper deposits in the MLYMB have a strong similarity in the source and genesis of their ore-forming elements.
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Borisov, Michael, Dmitry Bychkov, Mariya Volkova, and Yury Shvarov. "Role of water/rock interaction in the formation of ore-bearing solutions and deposition of hydrothermal ore, Sadon Mining District, North Caucasus Mountains, Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199805003.
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REE distribution patterns of the ores and host rocks of the Dzhimidon vein lead-zinc deposit (North Caucasus, Ossetia, Sadon mining district, Russia) have been analyzed to elucidate the source(s) of hydrothermal ore deposits. Two types of prevailing rocks are involved in ore formation - Paleozoic granites (the main ore-hosting rocks at the majority of deposits) and Precambrian schists (specific only the for host rocks of the Dzhimidon deposit). The source of ore components tends to be complex and includes host rocks in variable proportions that could be characterized by REE distribution in ores. Interaction of water with combined sources was thermodynamically modeled. Critical differences were found in the ore-forming models, with variable sequence and rock proportions during interaction with barren fluid.
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Richards, Jeremy P. "Making faults run backwards: the Wilson Cycle and ore deposits." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 3 (March 2014): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0094.
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The plate tectonic revolution, culminating with the formulation of the Wilson Cycle, took place over a period of less than a decade in the 1960s and early 1970s. The model provided a framework for understanding the formation of almost every type of mineral deposit then known on Earth, ranging from base and precious metal deposits associated with rifting, to porphyry Cu–Mo and epithermal Au deposits associated with subduction, and collision-related mesothermal Au deposits. By the end of the 1970s, satisfactory tectonic models for most of these deposit types had been established. Modern geological and economic geology research is largely built on these models, which have been expanded in detail but remain largely unchanged in concept and function.
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Antonijevic, Ivan, and Predrag Mijatovic. "The copper deposits of Bor, eastern Serbia: Geology and origin of the deposits." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, no. 75 (2014): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp1475059a.
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The copper deposits of Bor, volcanic activities in the area and relationship of minerals through time are presented by formations within the Cenomanian-Turonian range. Geology and age of the deposits are given in the geological-time order based on superposition of the Timok mineral-ore Formation and the underlying (Cenomanian) and fossiliferous overlying (Senonian) strata. The concept of dating Bor deposits the Turonian is discussed in this context. Bor deposits lie between the Cenomanian Krivelj Formation and the Senonian epiclastic Metovnica Formation. Embedded between the two formations is the Timok volcanogenic Formation. Described in this paper are principal members of the Timok Formation strata: volcanogenic and subvolcanogenic- intrusive rocks, a zone of hydrothermally altered rocks and main types of the Bor ore deposits: (a) Deposits of massive sulphide coppers; (b) Vein and stockwork-disseminated type of mineralisation; (c) Porphyry mineralisation; and (d) Reworked ore-clasts of copper sulphides of the Novo Okno deposit. Identified deposits, according to the Bor Geological Service records and published works, are systematized and summarized into three geographic units: (1) Group of deposits Severozapad (Brezanik); (2) Central Bor Deposits (Tilva Ros, Coka Dulkan, Tilva Mika, Borska Reka, and Veliki Krivelj) and many ore bodies; (3) Copper deposits Jugoistok (ore bodies X and J) and olistostrome deposit Novo Okno. Information given in this paper, the discussion on relative geologic age of the Bor deposit?s floor and roof in particular, support our concept that the process ceased before the Upper Turonian, and that age of the primary copper mineralization is Turonian.
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Marques, Diego Machado, Ricardo Hundelshaussen Rubio, João Felipe Coimbra Leite Costa, and Evangelina Maria Apparicio da Silva. "The effect of accumulation in 2D estimates in phosphatic ore." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 4 (December 2014): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672014670179.
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The geological modeling of stratiform deposits can become very complex, often making use of geological envelopes of small thickness and requiring the use of subblocks (based on Cartesian coordinates) to produce a coherent block model. However, geological events after the formation of the deposit (folds, faults, etc.) can change the direction of spatial continuity of certain attributes, with the mixing of samples belonging to different formation eras (in the case of stratiform deposits) in the same elevation. This study presents a solution for deposits with stratigraphic grades combined with samples of different origins. The solution is a two-dimensional estimate obtained by accumulating the thicknesses of P2O5 in a phosphate deposit (as compared to traditional statistical analysis in three dimensions).
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Lien, Nguyen Thi, and Nguyen Van Pho. "Formation of secondary nonsulfide zinc ore in Cho Dien Pb-Zn deposits." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/3/12615.
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In Viet Nam, non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit has been exploited for a long time. Up to the present, zinc ore remains the major exploited ore in Cho Dien. There are numerous studies of Pb-Zn ore in Cho Dien. However, most of the studies have dedicated only to description of mineralogical and chemical composition of Pb-Zn ore. There has been no publication on this non-sulfide zinc ore. Based on the mineralogical studies, the content of Pb and Zn in groundwater determined by reflective microscope, SEM, EPMA and ICP-MS methods, the study explained the formation of secondary non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit. Strong weathering process makes the upper part of ore bodies completely oxidized. Difference in geochemical behavior of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the oxidation process of Pb-Zn ore is the reason to form non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit. Oxidation of primary Pb-Zn ore is mainly sphalerite, pyrite, galena minerals which creates a low pH environment and transforms of zinc from immobile (sphalerite - ZnS) to mobile (Zn2+) and retained in solution under acid pH conditions whereas lead has the tendency to form soluble minerals (anglesite, cerussite). The acid neutralization actions of the surrounding rocks make zinc precipitate, to form secondary non-sulfide zinc minerals.ReferencesAndreas Nuspl, 2009. Genesis of nonsulfide zinc deposits and their future utilization (www.geo.tu-frei berg.de/oberseminar/OS_09/Andreas_Nuspl.pdf.Boland M.B., et al., 2003. The Shaimerden supergene zinc deposit, Kazakhstan: Economic Geology, 98(4), 787-795.Chau N.D., Jadwiga P., Adam P., D.V. Hao, L.K. Phon, J. Paweł, 2017. General characteristics of rare earth and radioactive elements in Dong Pao deposit, Lai Chau, Vietnam, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 39(1), 14-26.Dao Thai Bac, 2012. Characteristics and distribution law of lead-zinc metallogenic fomations in Viet Bac region. Doctoral thesis.Heyl A.V., Bozion C.N., 1962. Oxidized zinc deposits of the United States, Part 1. General Geology: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1135-A.Hoa T.T., et al., 2010. By-products in lead-zinc and copper ores of Northeast Vietnam. J. Sci. of the Earth, 289-298 (in Vietnamese).Hoang Minh Thao, Tran Thi Hien, Dao Duy Anh, Pham Thi Nga, 2017. Mineralogical characteristics of graphite ore from Bao Ha deposit, Lao Cai Province and proposing a wise use. Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 39(4), 324-336.Jurjovec J., et al., 2002. Acid neutralization mechanisms and metal release in mine tailings: A laboratory column experiment: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 1511-1523.Large D., 2001. The geology of non-sulphide zinc Deposits - an Overview: Erzmetall, 54(5), 264-276.Maria Boni, 2003. Nonsulfide Zinc Deposits: a new - (old) type of economic mineralization. Society for geology applied to mineral deposits (SGA) News, Number 15. https://www.e-sga.org/fileadmin/sga/newsletter/news15/art01.html.McPhail D.C., et al., 2003, The geochemistry and mobility of zinc in the regolith: in Roach, I.C., ed., Advances in Regolith, 287-291.Murray W. Hitzman, et al., 2003. Classification, genesis, and exploration guides for non-sulfide zinc deposits: Economic Geology, 98(4), 685-714.Nguyen V.P., 2013. Wet tropical wethering in Viet Nam. Natural Science and Technology Publisher.Nicola Mondillo, 2013. Supergene Nonsulfide Zinc-Lead Deposits: The Examples of Jabali (Yemen) and Yanque (Peru). Doctoral thesis.Nordstrom D.K., Alpers C.N., 1999. Geochemistry of acid mine waste. Review in Economic Geology, the environmental geochemistry of ore deposits/Eds. G.S.Plumlee, M.J. Logsdon. Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues, 6A, 133-160.Reynolds N.A., et al., 2003. The Padaeng Supergene Nonsulfide Zinc Deposit, Mae Sod, Thailand. Economic Geology, 98(4), 773-785.Sangameshwar S.R., Barnes H.L., 1983. Supergene Processes in Zinc-Lead-Silver Sulfide Ores in Carbonates: Economic Geology, 78, 1379-1397.Stumm W., Morgan J.J., 1996. Aquatic Chemistry, Third Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.Takahashi T., 1960. Supergene alteration of zinc and lead deposits in limestone: Economic Geology, 55, 1083-1115.Thornber M.R. and Taylor G.F., 1992. The mechanisms of sulphide oxidation and gossan formation, in: Butt, C.R.M., and Zeegers H., (Eds.)., Regolith exploration geochemistry in tropical and subtropical terrains, in Govett G.J.S., ed., Handbook of exploration geochemistry: Amsterdam, Elsevier, 4, 119-138.Tran Trong Hoa, 2005. Potential assessment of By- products in lead-zinc and copper deposits of Northeast Vietnam. Final report.Tran Tuan Anh, 2010. Studying accompanying component in the types of potential deposits of basic metals and precious - rare metals of north Viet Nam to improve the efficiency of mining and environmental protection. Final report. KC.08.24/06-10.Tran Tuan Anh, et al., 2011. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics and forming conditions of lead - zinc deposits in Lo Gam structure, northern Vietnam. J. Sci. of the Earth, 33(3DB), 393-408 ( in Vietnamese).Vito Coppola et al., 2009. Nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Silesia - Cracow district, Southern Poland. Springer Link, 44, 559-580.Vito Coppola, et al., 2007. Non-sulfide zinc deposits in Upper Silesia, Southern Poland. Proceeding of the Ninth Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin, 1401-1404.Williams P.A., 1990. Oxide zone geochemistry: Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, UK, 286p.
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Parafiniuk, Jan, Rafał Siuda, and Andrzej Borkowski. "Sulphate and arsenate minerals as environmental indicators in the weathering zones of selected ore deposits, Western Sudetes, Poland." Acta Geologica Polonica 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 496–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agp-2016-0022.
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Abstract The results of a complex investigation of the sulphate and arsenate assemblages forming in the weathering zone of selected ore deposits in the Sudetes are presented. The development of the weathering zone has been characterised in the polymetallic ore deposits at Miedzianka-Ciechanowice and Radzimowice, and the pyrite deposit at Wieściszowice, which differ in the chemical compositions of the ore and barren minerals and the hydrological conditions. Secondary sulphate and arsenate mineral assemblages vary significantly among the ore deposits under study. Their crystallization is discussed, taking into consideration the stability of particular minerals and the paths of their transformation. It is shown that these minerals have great potential as indicators of weathering processes. A significant role for microorganisms in the formation of the weathering zone of the ore deposits under study is also proven.
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Rogizny, Valery, Danila Kulikov, Maria Karpukhina, Alexey Cheremisin, and Vasily Khromov. "Investment appeal assessment of Pt-rich and Cu-Ni deposits of Monchegorsky ore district in current conditions." Ores and metals, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2021-10003.
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Development potential and investment attractiveness of PGM deposits (Monchegorsky ore district) are discussed. By the late 2020, the reserves of these deposits were approved based on results of a feasibility study review assessment in the State Reserve Commission and TsNIGRI approval. In current mineral market conditions (including high Pd price), the most attractive development projects are Vuruchuaivench deposit comprising 4 areas (Plast 300, Vuruchuaivench, Yuzhnosopchinsky and Arvarench), NittisKumuzhya-Travyanaya occurrence and Loipishnyun area. In terms of reserves, ore grades and proximity to processing plants, these potential mining projects are less expensive if developed concurrently. The paper presents recommendations for PGM deposit opening, development and mining using advanced mining equipment in open-pit and underground mining operations, ore conveying and processing plant tailings disposal to infill underground workings. Economic estimates were made supporting development viability of the above deposits within Monchegorsky ore district.
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Lopes, Adriana Araújo Castro, and Márcia Abrahão Moura. "The Tocantinzinho Paleoproterozoic Porphyry-Style Gold Deposit, Tapajós Mineral Province (Brazil): Geology, Petrology and Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Ore-Forming Processes." Minerals 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010029.
Full textAbstract:
The Tocantinzinho gold deposit, located in the Tapajós Mineral Province, Amazonia, Brazil, is considered the largest gold deposit in the region. It is a stockwork-disseminated gold deposit, hosted in a 1982 ± 8 Ma hydrothermalized monzogranite of the Creporizão Intrusive Suite, with petrographic and geochemical characteristics of volcanic arc to post-collisional granites. Gold is mainly associated with phyllic alteration. Primary fluid inclusions trapped in the mineralization stages are H2O–NaCl and unsaturated and homogenize either to the vapor or to the liquid with Th(t) of 300–430 °C, salinity of 2–16 wt % NaCl eq. and density from 0.43 to 0.94 g/cm3. At these conditions, Au is expected to be transported as Au(HS)2− complexes and ore is deposited as the result of boiling in the first mineralizing stages and of mixing between magmatic fluid and meteoric water during the phyllic alteration. Compared with other deposits, Tocantinzinho has similarities with magmatic-hydrothermal oxidized calc-alkaline granite-related gold deposits classified as porphyry gold deposits but we classify as a porphyry-style gold deposit, as it lacks some characteristics of the Phanerozoic porphyry-type deposits. The results from this study can be used to elaborate and guide prospection models in Amazonia and in similar Proterozoic terrains.
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Abuntori, C. A., S. Al-Hassan, and D. Mireku-Gyimah. "Assessment of Ore Grade Estimation Methods for Structurally Controlled Vein Deposits - A Review." Ghana Mining Journal 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v21i1.4.
Full textAbstract:
Resource estimation techniques have upgraded over the past couple of years, thereby improving resource estimates. The classical method of estimation is less used in ore grade estimation than geostatistics (kriging) which proved to provide more accurate estimates by its ability to account for the geology of the deposit and assess error. Geostatistics has therefore been said to be superior over the classical methods of estimation. However, due to the complexity of using geostatistics in resource estimation, its time-consuming nature, the susceptibility to errors due to human interference, the difficulty in applying it to deposits with few data points and the difficulty in using it to estimate complicated deposits paved the way for the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to be applied in ore grade estimation. AI techniques have been employed in diverse ore deposit types for the past two decades and have proven to provide comparable or better results than those estimated with kriging. This research aimed to review and compare the most commonly used kriging methods and AI techniques in ore grade estimation of complex structurally controlled vein deposits. The review showed that AI techniques outperformed kriging methods in ore grade estimation of vein deposits.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, Geostatistics, Kriging, Mineral Resource, Grade
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Budyak, A. E., Yu I. Tarasova, A. V. Chugaev, N. A. Goryachev, T. A. Velivetskaya, and A. V. Ignatiev. "GOLD MINERALIZATION COINCIDENT WITH AMPHIBOLITE FACIES METAMORPHISM: YKAN DEPOSIT (BAIKAL-PATOM BELT)." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 43, no. 3 (2024): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2024-43-3-64-87.
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Black shale deposits whose metamorphic grade exceeds greenschist-facies of regional metamorphosed rocks are considered by most researchers exclusively from the point of view of the potential to mine alluvial gold. The article presents the results of the study on the Ykan deposit located within the epidote-amphibolite facies zone and its comparison with previously studied deposits localized in the greenschist facies alteration zone. It was found that the Ykan gold deposit is lithologically and stratigraphically confined to the contact between carbonaceous phyllite shales and sandstones of the Aunakit Formation in the anticlinal limb, which is one of the main factors controlling ore localization. The ore mineralization of the deposit is represented by the change of the early diathagenetic pyrite (py-I, py-II) → metamorphogenic pyrrhotite (po, cpy, asp) → metamorphogenic-metasomatic pyrite-polymetallic (cpy, asp, py-III, gln, sph, pn, mrc) → post-ore pyrite (py-IV) associations. The ore stage is characterized by the highest possible TP parameters in the early ore metamorphic phase and their decrease in the ore-productive phase. Data on variations in the isotopic composition of sulfur and lead indicate that they were transported into the ore fluid from the host meta-sedimentary strata of the Aunakit Formation. Comparison of the obtained parameters of the Ykan deposit with the previously studied deposits of Sukhoi Log, Golets the Highest, Ugakhan and Krasnyi made it possible to conclude that we are correct in assigning the Ykan deposit to the group of deposits of the Sukholozhsky genetic type.
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Afandieva, Zarifa Jahangir kyzy. "Prospects of Daschkesan iron ore deposit development." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2022-1-7-12.
Full textAbstract:
The topicality the subject. To meet Azerbaijan's growing demand for ferrous metallurgical raw materials, there are sufficient reserves of iron ore deposits that can be put into industrial operation. These are related to the future development of the mining industry in the Daschkesan iron ore group, including the promising South-Daschkesan and Damirov fields. The re-exploitation of the Daschkesan iron ore group will have a positive impact on the socioeconomic development of the region, as well as strengthen the position of the mining industry and metallurgy in the country's non-oil sector. The resumption of Daschkesan iron ore production will also make an important contribution to the development of a number of by-products, improve employment in the regions, and create new and wider opportunities for local companies. The purpose of the study. In the rich areas of the Daschkesan iron ore deposit, due to the reduction of the amount of iron in the ores, the enrichment is the production of granules for the production of iron by the sponge method. Research methods. Along with the study, research and exploration of ferrous metal ore deposits in the territory of the republic, geophysical research and geological exploration work has been started for the re-commissioning of the Daschkesan iron ore deposit. The first 3-dimensional geological model of the Daschkesan iron ore deposit was developed using special software. The goal is to produce iron ore deposits in a short period of time and meet the demand for quality raw materials for the production of ferrous metallurgy products. Results. Considering that the use of wastes will increase the efficiency of field development, it is necessary to economically evaluate, sort and use metal-bearing wastes discharged into the Goshgarchay River during the enrichment of magnetite ore in the past as a valuable building material such as sand and gravel in Ganja region. It is planned to establish joint ventures with waste from mining enterprises and concentrators, slag from the pipe rolling plant, and waste from the Ganja aluminum plant. Conclusion. The future development of the mining industry in our country can be achieved through the complex use of iron ore deposits of the Daschkesan group, quarry waste, waste from the enrichment of magnetic ores.
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Ganzha, О. A., Yu V. Kroshko, and H. O. Kuzmanenko. "ORE-BEARING OF THE LIVOBEREZHNY ZIRCON-RUTILE-ILMENITE PLACER DISTRICT." Geological Journal, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2022.4.255682.
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The relevance of the presented publication is due to the need to highlight the current state of zirconium-titanium specialization objects, the need to modernize and unify geological information, due to the significant increase in the world community’s interest in minerals that belong to the group of critical raw materials. The article presents generalized data on the ore-bearing zircon-rutile-ilmenite deposits of the Livoberezhniy placer district of the Ukrainian placer province. This area has unique paragenetic characteristics, as it is located in the junction zone of three geostructural units: the Dnipro-Donetsk depression, the northeastern slope of the Ukrainian crystalline shield, and the Kalmius-Toretsk depression of Donbas. The Livoberezhniy placer district includes the Vovchansk, Voskresenivsk, Southern, Nova-Mykolaivka, North-Samarsk, Yuriivsk and Petropavlivsk zircon-rutile-ilmenite deposits. These deposits are located in the sediments of the Bereka and Novi Petrivtsi suites. The Petropavlivsk and Yuriivsk deposits have a two-layer structure, the rest is belongs to the deposits of the only Novi Petrivtsi suite. The genesis of deposits is buried coastal-marine placers. All deposits have a slight dip of the ore sand layers in a north-east direction, which outlines the general slope of the water basin floor. Today, the Vovchansk zircon-ilmenite-rutile deposit is being developed by DEMURINSKY GZK LLC. On the basis of the results of geological prospecting and geological exploration conducted in the 60s and 70s of the last century, maps of the strength of the ore stratum and the distribution of ore components (ilmenite, rutile, zircon) were constructed. The visualization data was built for the Voskresenivsk, Southern, Nova-Mykolaivka, North-Samarsk, Yuriivsk and Petropavlivsk deposits. An analysis of the obtained data was carried out and a number of conclusions were drawn regarding the distribution of ore components for each of the deposits.
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Song, Xiangfa, Jianqing Lai, Junwei Xu, Xianghua Liu, Bin Li, Hongsheng He, Yuhua Wang, Jian Shi, Chaofei Wang, and Chunhua Wen. "Material Source and Genesis of the Daocaowan Sb Deposit in the Xikuangshan Ore Field: LA-ICP-MS Trace Elements and Sulfur Isotope Evidence from Stibnite." Minerals 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111407.
Full textAbstract:
The Daocaowan antimony (Sb) deposit is a newly discovered Sb deposit located outside the northeast Xikuangshan ore field. In the absence of geochemical data, the metallogenic mechanism of the Daocaowan Sb deposit and its relationship with the Xikuangshan ore field remains unclear. Using high-resolution LA-ICP-MS technique, this study quantitatively determined the in-situ S isotope values and trace element composition of stibnite from the Daocaowan Sb deposit in South China to investigate the source of ore-forming materials and genesis of this deposit. The trace element compositions of stibnite from the Daocaowan Sb deposit revealed the form of occurrence and substitution mechanism of trace elements in stibnite, providing new constraints for explaining the genesis of Sb deposits. The relatively smooth LA-ICP-MS profiles indicate that As, Cu, Hg, and Pb primarily occur as solid solutions in stibnite. Therefore, we speculate that the substitution 3Sb3+↔As3+ + 2Cu+ + Hg2+ + Pb2+ may be the reason for the enrichment of As, Cu, Hg, and Pb in stibnite. A comparison with the Xikuangshan Sb deposit reveals the metallogenic mechanism of the Daocaowan Sb deposit, and the relationship between the two. With the exception of higher content of Fe in Stibnite from the Daocaowan deposit as compared to the Xikuangshan deposit, other trace elements are similar between the two deposits. The results show that the Daocaowan and Xikuangshan Sb deposits may have the same source of ore-forming fluids. We propose that the ore-forming fluid flowed through the Xikuangshan Sb deposit along the F75 fault and dissolved pyrite in the wall rock. Subsequently this fluid containing a high concentration of Fe precipitated and mineralized at Daocaowan. Meanwhile, the S isotope value of the Daocaowan Sb deposit (+6.65 to +9.29‰) is consistent with that of the Xikuangshan, proving that the ore-forming materials of the two deposits are from the same source, probably the basement strata. We propose that the Daocaowan Sb deposit is part of the Xikuangshan ore field, indicating a great prospecting potential in the northeast of the Xikuangshan ore field.
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Tang, Pan, Juxing Tang, Xinghai Lang, Bin Lin, Fuwei Xie, Miao Sun, Faqiao Li, et al. "Biotite Geochemistry and Its Implication for the Difference in Mineralization in the Xiongcun Porphyry Cu–Au Ore District, Tibet." Minerals 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2023): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070876.
Full textAbstract:
The Xiongcun Cu–Au ore district is in the southern middle Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, Tibet, and formed during Neo-Tethyan oceanic subduction. The Xiongcun ore district mainly comprises two deposits, the No. I and No. II deposits, which were formed by two individual mineralization events according to deposit geology and Re–Os isotopic dating of molybdenite. The No. I deposit is similar to a reduced porphyry copper–gold deposit, given the widespread occurrence of primary and/or hydrothermal pyrrhotite and common CH4-rich and rare N2-rich fluid inclusions. The No. II deposit, similar to classic oxidized porphyry copper–gold deposits, contains highly oxidized minerals, including magnetite, anhydrite, and hematite. The halogen chemistry of the ore-forming fluid from the No. I and No. II deposits is still unclear. Biotite geochemistry with halogen contents was used to investigate the differences in ore-forming fluid between the No. I and No. II deposits. Hydrothermal biotite from the No. I deposit, usually intergrown with sphalerite, is Mg-rich and classified as phlogopite and Mg-biotite, and hydrothermal biotite from the No. II deposit is classified as Mg-biotite. Hydrothermal biotite from the No. I deposit has significantly higher SiO2, MnO, MgO, F, Li, Sc, Zn, Rb, Tl, and Pb contents and lower Al2O3, FeOtot, Cl, Ba, Cr, V, Co, Ni, Y, Sr, Zr, Th, and Cu contents than the biotite from the No. II deposit. Hydrothermal biotites from the No. I and No. II deposits yield temperatures ranging from 230 °C to 593 °C and 212 °C to 306 °C, respectively. The calculated oxygen fugacity and fugacity ratios indicate that the hydrothermal fluid of the No. I deposit has a higher F content, oxygen fugacity, and log(fHF/fHCl) value and a lower log(fH2O/fHF) value than the hydrothermal fluid from the No. II deposit. The biotite geochemistry shows that the No. I and No. II deposits formed from different hydrothermal fluids. The hydrothermal fluid of the No. I deposit was mixed with meteoric waters containing organic matter, resulting in a decrease in oxygen fugacity and more efficient precipitation of gold. The No. I and No. II deposits were formed by a Cl-rich hydrothermal system conducive to transporting Cu and Au. The decreasing Cl, oxygen fugacity, and temperature may be the key factors in Cu and Au precipitation. Biotite geochemistry allows a more detailed evaluation of the halogen chemistry of hydrothermal fluids and their evolution within porphyry Cu systems.
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STEPANOV, VITALY ALEKSEEVICH, and ANTON VLADIMIROVICH MELNIKOV. "DISCOVERY, DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF THE KIROVSKYI GOLD ORE DEPOSIT OF AMUR PROVINCE (AMUR REGION, RUSSIA)." Messenger AmSU, no. 93 (2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/jasu.93.24.
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The history of the discovery, development and study of the Kirovskyi gold ore deposit in the Priamur gold-bearing province is considered. The deposit is attributed to the gold-bismuth type of vein deposits of the gold-sulfide-quartz formation. Gold mineralization is genetically related to the formation of the Dzhalinda intrusion of Early Cretaceous granitoids or a series of later dikes of «variegated» composition. The isotopic age of gold mineralization, determined by the Rb-Sr method, is in the fork 131-126 Ma. Further prospects of the deposit are associated with the search for large-volume deposits with stockwork type ore bodies.
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Lykhin, D. A., V. V. Yarmolyuk, A. A. Vorontsov, and A. V. Travin. "Structure and age of the fluorite-berillium deposit of the field Rainbow, Western Sayan Mountains: to the problem of assessment of metallogenic prospects of the territory." Доклады Академии наук 488, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524883282-287.
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The age and geochemical parameters of the muscovite-fluorite-euclase-beryl Raduga deposit, which is located within the Kizir-Kazyr zone of rare-metal magmatism, are determined. In contrast to other deposits and ore occurrences of the zone, represented by alkaline granites characterized by rare metal mineralization, the Raduga deposit is associated with metasomatites in carbonate rocks. The age of the deposit, estimated at 40Ar/39Ar by the muscovite method of beryllium fluorite-muscovite greisens, is 469.3± 4.5Ma. It corresponds to the age of the ore-bearing alkaline granites of the zone. The dikes which occur within the deposit are identical by the composition to the dikes of rare-metal alkaline granitic massifs, one of which is located in a few kilometers from the deposit. The nature of the ore Be-Li mineralization of the deposit is in good agreement with the geochemical specialization of the Early Paleozoic Kizir-Kazyr metallogenic zone. The revealed features of the relationship between Raduga deposit and rare-metal deposits in alkaline granites suggests a variety of mechanisms involved in the formation of rare-metal deposits of the Kizir-Kazyr zone. Thus, it allows to expand approaches for prediction and exploration of rare-metal deposits in the region.
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Zaitseva, Maria. "Geological structure and localization of mineralization at the Moryanikho-Merkurikhinskoye ore field." Ores and metals, no. 4 (January 10, 2022): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2021-10029.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses the lithological and facial features
of the terrigenous-carbonate (biohermic) ore-bearing
geological formation of the Moryanikho-Merkurikhinskoye
ore field (Yenisei Ridge), which hosts stratiform
lead-zinc deposits in carbonate strata. Ore-hosting lithofacies
and their paleostructural position are characterized.
Based on the previous studies, as well as the author’s
own materials obtained as a result of field work, the
main favorable lithological, facial and structural factors
for hosting Moryanikhinsky-type stratiform lead-zinc
mineralization are defined: the presence of paleodepressions
within the shelf zone; development of carbonate
rocks – dolomites, stromatolite dolomites and limestones,
which are biohermic structures on the slopes of
paleo-uplifts; the presence of an admixture of tuffaceous
material in terrigenous rock varieties.
The influence of tectonic faults on the formation of
ore deposits and the morphology of ore bodies is indicated.
The main types of ores of the Moryanikho-
Merkurikhinsky ore field, as well as their mineral composition
are described. The paper discusses the main ore
types, as well as their mineral composition typical of the
Moryanikho-Merkurikhinskoye ore field. The largest and
well-studied lead and zinc stratiform Moryanikhinskoye
deposit and Merkurikhinskoye ore occurrence located
within the ore field are briefly characterized.
The Moryanikhinskoye deposit is a typical example
for searching for stratiform deposits of lead and zinc in
the carbonate strata of the Angara-Bolshepitskaya mineragenic
zone, which is of practical interest in developing
predictive prospecting models of deposits and improving
the efficiency of prospecting.
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Heichenko, M. V., O. L. Falkovich, A. Sh Mienasova, and H. A. Liventseva. "CURRENT STATE’S CONDITION OF LITHIUM ORE DEPOSITS IN UKRAINE." Mineralogical Journal 45, no. 1 (2023): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.45.01.083.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents a description of three lithium ore deposits — Shevchenkivske, Polokhivske and the Dobra site. They are the most promising among others in terms of the economic feasibility of their development. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. The Shevchenkivske deposit is located in Pryazovsky, and the other two — in the Ingulsk’s megablocks. On the first, the main ore mineral is spodumene, on the second — petalite, on the Dobra site the mixed type is spodumene-petalite. All three deposits are covered by a rather thick layer of sedimentary rocks and weathering crust (up to 100 m). They are located in the steppe zone with a predominantly flat topography. The deposits were discovered at the end of the twentieth century as a result of large-scale regional geological research. They have different degrees of geological study. A common drawback is the lack of core material. Lithium ore reserves and resources up to a depth of 500 m from the day surface are estimated at the specified deposits. Taking into account the constantly growing demand for lithium, investing in the development of these deposits in Ukraine is a promising business.
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Gongalsky, B. "Deposits of the Udokan-Chineysky ore-magmatic system of Eastern Siberia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 962, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/962/1/012051.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aggregate of ore deposits localized in the Udokan-Chineysky ore district is unique and is the result of multi–stage, polygenetic formation. The deposits of copper and other metals formed at various depths occur within a limited area. The oxide and sulfide ore are spatially associated in the sedimentary rocks pertaining to the Paleoproterozoic Udokan Supergroup and the intrusive mafic–ultramafic rocks of the Chineysky Complex. The granite rocks of the Kodar Complex and gabbro rocks of the Chineysky Complex also date back to Paleoproterozoic. The same age has been established for metasomatic Nb–Ta–Zr–REE–Y and U mineralization in the albitized terrigenous rocks of the Udokan Supergroup (Katugin deposit and Chitkanda prospect) and U–Pd prospects hosted in terrigenous rocks. The U–REE mineralization superposed on the titanomagnetite deposits in the Chineysky pluton has not analogues in the world’s practice. The occurrences of uranium mineralization have been noted in form of pitchblende and U–Th rims around chalcopyrite grains at the Unkur copper deposit hosted in sedimentary rocks. The enrichment in U and Pb has been documented in crosscutting quartz veinlets with bornite mineralization at the Udokan deposit.
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Lu, Lin, and Fu Jue Jiang. "Discussion on Metallogenic Epoch and Ore-Forming Types of Ore Deposits in Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun Metallogenic Domain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3732.
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On the basis of discovered deposits in Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun metallogenic domain, the paper describes statistical characteristics of deposit size and ore-forming type to find the rule of the geological processes through describing mineralization time, types, scale and ore-bearing construction and draws a conclusion of regional mineralization.
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Haralyi, Nicolau L. E., and Yociteru Hasui. "Crustal block Structure of Brazil and associated ore deposits." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 3, no. 2-3 (January 1, 1989): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/3/1989/187.
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Petrova, Natalia S., Natalia Yu Denisova, and Aliaksei V. Kirykovich. "Microfabric characteristics of potash ore of the Pripyat potash-bearing basin." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2019-1-82-94.
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The requirements of complex subsoil use are increasing in the Pripyat potash-bearing basin: potash ore of new technologic types, with lower contents of useful components, increased concentrations of harmful impurities. Using all complex of quality indicators assessment of natural types of potash ore is undoubtedly prioritized by characteristic of potash deposits. The study of structural and textural features and composition of potash deposits has been given attention since the time of discover of the Starobin deposit. Systematic study of salt rock petrology has been started after the discovery of the Starobin deposit. Until now in the petrology, there is no recognized rational genetic classification of the structures of salt rocks being potash (potassium-magnesium) ore. The name of certain structure is based on the secondary features that are brightly expressed, color or similarity with different objects. The aim of the present work is an element recognition of the primary sedimentary features of rocks, systematization of primary and secondary characteristics and their typification according to petrochemical parameters. In the article the main microfabric types of potash ore that are typical for the deposits of red-colored and mottled hypersaline association of the Pripyat basin.
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Lu, Jinhang, Hongsheng Gong, Peng Wu, and Changqing Zhang. "Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Laoyingqing Zinc Deposit in Northeastern Yunnan." Minerals 14, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14010006.
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The Laoyingqing zinc deposit is located in the Pb-Zn deposit concentration district in northeastern Yunnan, with a geotectonic location on the southwestern edge of the Yangtze block. This deposit occurs in the interlayer fracture zone of the Huangcaoling Formation slate in the Middle Proterozoic Kunyang Group. In this deposit, zinc is significantly enriched compared to lead, and the sulfur isotopic composition of sphalerite shows δ34SCDT close to negative values. These characteristics are different from the common Pb-Zn deposits that occur in Sinian and Carboniferous carbonate rocks in northeastern Yunnan. The genesis of this deposit and its similarities to and differences from other Pb-Zn deposits hosted in carbonate rocks in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic triangle area (SYGT) need further research. This article selects typical rock (ore) samples for fluid inclusion, trace element, and H–O isotope analyses. The results show that (1) the homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions is 130~306.5 °C, the salinity is 7.17 wt%~20.67 wt% NaCleq, and the density of the ore-forming fluids is 0.86–1.07 g/cm3. Overall, these ore-forming fluids belong to medium–low-temperature, medium–low-salinity, and medium–low-density ore-forming fluids, and they have reducibility. The fluid pressure is 36.3~85.6 Mpa, and the mineralization depth is 1.34~3.17 km. (2) The ore-forming fluids mainly came from deep-source metamorphic water and basin brine containing organic matter. (3) The ore-forming materials mainly came from the surrounding rocks (Kunyang Group). (4) The trace element characteristics of this deposit are different from sedimentary-exhalative type, magmatic hydrothermal type, and skarn type of Pb-Zn deposits, and have little difference from MVT Pb-Zn deposits. Based on the comprehensive analysis, this deposit is classified as a medium–low-temperature hydrothermal vein-type zinc deposit unrelated to magmatic activity. This study extends the ore-bearing surrounding rocks of Pb-Zn deposits in the SYGT to the slate of the Kunyang Group, enriching the regional Pb-Zn deposit mineralization theory and providing new ideas for mineralization prediction.
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Southam, G., and J. A. Saunders. "The Geomicrobiology of Ore Deposits." Economic Geology 100, no. 6 (September 1, 2005): 1067–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.6.1067.
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Carlson, Carl A. "Spatial distribution of ore deposits." Geology 19, no. 2 (1991): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0111:sdood>2.3.co;2.
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Haynes, Simon J. "Vein-type ore deposits: Introduction." Ore Geology Reviews 8, no. 3-4 (July 1993): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(93)90016-r.
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