Journal articles: 'Orchid Flora'

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Molnár V., Attila, Viktor Löki, Marc Verbeeck, and Kristóf Süveges. "Orchids of Azerbaijani Cemeteries." Plants 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122779.

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In order to explore their orchid flora, we performed surveys of 96 Azerbaijani burial places in 2018 and 2019. Altogether, 28 orchid taxa were found in 37 visited cemeteries. In the orchid diversity a remarkable pattern was observed: geographic latitude was significantly and positively related to the number of taxa and number of individuals. The most widespread and abundant orchids in Azerbaijani graveyards were Anacamptis pyramidalis and A. papilionacea (found in 23 and 8 cemeteries, respectively). Azerbaijani cemeteries can be important refuges for rare and threatened orchids, e.g., Himantoglossum formosum (three cemeteries), Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa (eight), Orchis adenocheila (two), O. punctulata (three), O. stevenii (one) and Steveniella satyrioides (one). Epipactis turcica, detected in a single locality, was previously unknown to the flora of Azerbaijan. Additionally, we documented orchid tuber (salep) collection in two cemeteries.

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Koroteyeva, A. V., and V. P. Polischuk. "Orchid viruses of natural Ukrainian flora." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10495-pps.

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Virus infection greatly affects to the normal growth and reproductive intensity of orchid species in greenhouses. Peculiarities of ornamental orchid viruses has become known in different countries of the world while there is nothing known about orchid virus infection in natural flora of Europe, for example in Ukraine. After extensive virus detection of natural orchids of Ukraine (Carpathians, Crimea), some viruses infecting these plants in their natural inhabitance were determined.

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Dewi, Ni Putu Yuni Astriani, Stefanus Angket, Ludgardis Ledheng, Yunawati Sele, and Welsiliana. "Diversity of orchid types in the Oeluan Tourism Forest, Bijeli Village, Noemuti District, North Central Timor Regency." Interdisciplinary International Journal of Conservation and Culture 2, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/iijcc.v2i1.3906.

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Indonesia as a mega biodiversity country has a variety of fauna and flora. One of the floras that is often found in Indonesia is orchids. Orchids have high economic value and are able to balance the ecosystem in their habitat. This study was aimed at determining the diversity of orchid species in the Oeluan tourism forest. The current study employed a quantitative descriptive study by using the transect and the purposive sampling method. The research was conducted in February at the Oeluan Tourism Forest. The results of this study indicated that there were four terrestrial orchid genera and three epiphytic orchid genera. The analysis of the diversity index of orchid species in the Oeluan tourism forest resulted in the diversity index of (H’) 1.0438 in the medium category. The measured environmental factors at the study site were an average soil pH of 7, an average humidity of 76.33% and an average air temperature of 27.400C. The diversity of orchid species in the Oeluan tourism forest, bijeli village, Noemuti district, North Central Timor regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, was included in the medium category.

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Indriani, Yulia, Elfrida, and Ekariana S. Pandia. "Diversity of Orchids (Orchidaceae) in Bonjol Subdistrict, West Sumatra." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 2 (December 21, 2023): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.6290.

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Bonjol District, West Sumatra has a very high diversity of flora, one of the flora found in Bonjol District is orchids (Orchidaceae). However, there is no data that explains the diversity of orchid plants in Bonjol District, so researchers are interested in using this as research. This research aims to find out what types of orchids are found in Bonjol District, the diversity index of orchid plants (Orchidaceae) and the dominance index of the most dominant orchid plants in Bonjol District, West Sumatra. The research was carried out using an exploratory method with direct observation of orchid plants in the field. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, namely taking samples with certain considerations. Sampling was carried out at 2 stations, namely residential areas and forests. Data analysis used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The research results showed that the diversity of orchid species (Orchidaceae) in Bonjol District, West Sumatra was classified as moderate, with a total Shannon-Wiener diversity index H' = 1.4117. In Bonjol District, West Sumatra, there are 31 types of orchids from 17 genera, the most frequently found species are Bulbophyllum gibbosum with 35 individuals, while the species found least frequently are Nervelia crociformis and Eria discolor, each with 2 individuals. Then, in the results of calculating the dominance index value for orchids (Orchidaceae) in Bonjol District, West Sumatra, the result was D= 0.044, which means that no species dominates.

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Ahmed, Aouadj Sid, Djebbouri Mohamed, Nasrallah Yahia, Hasnaoui Okkacha, Degdag Hanane, Zouidi Mohamed, Allam Ayoub, Nouar Belkacem, Benkaddour Zeragui, and Khatir Hadj. "New Data on Orchid Flora (Orchidaceae) in the Tell Region of Saida (Western of Algeria)." Advanced Research in Life Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arls-2023-0005.

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Abstract This work aims to better to know the floral richness of Tell region (Saida, western of Algeria) particular orchid flora. This inventory was started in 2017-2022; It’s based on random samples, in spring and autumn. The surveys directly targeted open areas (Northern Saida). This inventory revealed the presence of 11 orchids including 2 species, 6 subspecies and 2 varieties. The 11 taxa belong to 5 genera: Anacamptis, Dactylorhiza, Himanthoglossum, Orchis and Ophrys. Some taxa are rare, endemic and are protected (threatened) by the IUCN Red List as a near threatened species and/or are endemic and protected in Algeria, rare species in the Tell region. A stationary precision made it possible to know the distribution area of each identified taxon. Due to anthropogenic threats, a strategy to protect habitats seems very urgent.

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Frey, Ludwik. "Orchidaceae in the Pieniny Mountains (Western Carpathians)." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 35, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2014-0022.

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Abstract Orchids constitute an important component of the Pieniny Mts. flora. The presence of 35 orchid species has been noted so far in this region. A considerable number of these species are endangered for various reasons. Eight species have been deemed extinct in the area. On the other hand, the orchid flora of the Pieniny Mts. includes species that widen their local ranges and can, thus, be considered expansive as well as new species, recently entered in the list of orchids occurring in the said mountain range (Epipactis microphylla and Epipactis muelleri). It is necessary and important to conduct an inventory of Pieniny orchid resources (the major aim of this study) that would be repeated at certain intervals, in order to know the number of stations and of individuals per population of each species, which would enable taking relevant actions needed to prevent the disappearance of these plants from the Pieniny Mts.

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Salmanova, R. "Orchis simia Lam. in the Nakhchivan Flora." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/02.

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There are 3 botanical regions in the Nakhchivan according to the altitude lines. The species of the orchid family in the Nakhchivan have not been sufficiently studied. Earlier, in 2018, during research in the flora of the Nakhchivan, a new species Orchis simia Lam. was found near the village of Ustupu, Orchis simia Lam. of the genus Orchis L. Systematic, biological and phytocoenological descriptions of the species Orchis simia Lam. genus Orchis L., family Orchidaceae Juss. In 2020, an additional survey of the territory was carried out to clarify the ecological state of the species and population density.

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Tsiftsis, Spyros. "The role of Natura 2000 network in protecting the orchid flora of East Macedonia (NE Greece)." EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 11, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2021.8.

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East Macedonia (northeast Greece) is a relatively small part of Greece, where a considerable number of orchid taxa occurs. Some of these orchids can only be found there and this fact makes the specific area of Greece unique. In this study, an up-to date database of orchid records was used to assess the effectiveness of the existing Natura 2000 network. Specifically, the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network was evaluated by identifying the number of orchids whose distribution is overlapping to a lesser or greater extent with the network, which chorological categories are included/excluded from it, and whether the rare and threatened orchid taxa are adequately distributed within that. Out of the 73 orchid taxa recorded in East Macedonia so far, 14 taxa are exclusively distributed outside the Natura 2000 network. Specifically, the Natura 2000 network is not overlapped with a number of Balkan and Mediterranean orchid taxa, which are only sparsely found in East Macedonia. Moreover, most of the orchid taxa that have been classified in the threat categories of the IUCN are distributed within the Natura 2000 network of East Macedonia, and specifically, some of the most threatened ones are almost exclusively distributed within that network. Consequently, although the Natura 2000 network is not congruent with the distribution of a number of species of southern origin, which are widely distributed elsewhere in Greece, it can conserve important floristic elements of Greece, which are orchid taxa of northern or central European origin.

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Panda, S. P., M. U. Sharief, S. S. Hameed, and H. N. Subudhi. "A Glimpse of the Ecology and Conservation Strategies of Orchids of Odisha, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 04 (2023): 1582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i04.019.

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Odisha is endowed with very rich and diverse floristic wealth. Its unique geographic location and varied topography enables it to harbor different types of plant communities of which the orchids deserve special mention due to its horticultural as well as commercial importance. Nevertheless, the orchid flora of Odisha is moderately rich but on the other hand it emphasizes upon some important ecological niches. Many rare and endemic orchid species have been reported from the Odisha state like Habenaria panigrahiana var. parviloba, Cirrhopetalum panigrahianum and Eria meghasaniensis which are new to the science. In the endemic category, Pomatocalpa decipiens and Malaxis purpurea are important being recordedonly from Odisha in India. The orchids of Odisha have undergone severe biotic pressure resulting in rapid shrinkage of this rare and interesting plant group. Hence the conservation of Orchid flora of Odisha is need of the hour. Field studies revealed that for effective conservation of the species, conservation of the habitats in which the species dwell is most vital as well as a pre-requisite. Keeping in view the above mentioned facts, the present communication highlights about the ecology of the orchids of Odisha which act as a baseline data before planning any conservation measure and cultivation of orchids as well. Concurrently some conservational strategies have also been suggested.

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Danilova, A. N., Yu A. Kotuchov, A. A. Sumbembayev, and O. A. Anufrieva. "Geographical distribution and ecological-phitocenotic features of orchids of the Southern Altai in the Kazakh Altai." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 19, no. 2 (October 9, 2020): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020119.

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According to the results of the study, 14 species of orchids were found in the flora of the southern Altai in2019, which is 52 % of the species diversity of the Orchid flora of Kazakhstan. It is established that the coenopopulationsof orchids in the region develop and exist within the boundaries of specific phytocenoses and are characterized by a certainecological and phytocenotic amplitude of the development of natural environment conditions. They are distributed in thelower, middle and upper mountain zones. The widest altitude range is typical for species from the genus Dactylorchiza(absolute altitude 462–1365 m). In terms of life forms, species with a stem-like tuberoid (genera Dactylorhiza, Herminium,Orchis) predominate, while short-rooted and long-rooted species (genera Cypripedium, Epipactis) are less represented. InKaton-Karagai district, 10 species of orchids were recorded growing in 19 cenopopulations, in Kurchum – 5 species in 6cenopopulations. Vegetation cover in habitats is formed from 35 to 90 %. Due to the weak competition of orchids, theirshare in the addition of phytocenoses does not exceed 2 %.

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Mahfut, Mahfut, Tundjung Tripeni Handayani, Sri Wahyuningsih, and Sukimin Sukimin. "Identification of dendrobium Natural Orchids in Liwa Botanical Garden based on leaf morphological characters." Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jp.v5i1.2938.

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Lampung Indonesia is one of the provinces on the island of Sumatra, which has a flora conservation area located in Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung Regency. One of the flora species in the area with a high level of diversity is the orchid plant. The Dendrobium is the largest orchid species, where the public widely hunts this orchid for an economic reason due to the beauty of its various flower shapes and colors. Given the high level of human encroachment, this can threaten the existence of natural orchid plants, causing loss of their original habitat and causing the extinction of orchid species. Based on data in Liwa Botanical Garden, there has been no further identification of natural orchids as a plant conservation effort. To protect and immediately save these natural orchids, it is necessary to identify the Dendrobium orchid species based on the leaf morphological approach. This research will be conducted in April-September 2020. Observations of leaf morphology include leaf shape, leaf tip shape, leaf base shape, leaf edge, leaf reinforcement, leaf arrangement, leaf surface texture, leaf symmetry, and leaf sitting based on guidelines for ornamental plant characterization books. Observations as secondary data were added to the character of the pseudobulb shape and orchid habitat. Observations as secondary data were added on the habitat character of pseudobulbs and orchids. The implementation of this activity is still in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, so most of the activities are carried out online. The coaching and training phase was conducted through internal virtual discussions on Tuesday, July 7, 2020, while the coaching phase was conducted through meetings or verbal communication via telephone groups and WhatsApp. Based on the evaluation data, it is known that there is an increase in knowledge and understanding of training participants by 21.64 points. The percentage increase in value before and after training is 34.72%. Orchid-related activities at Liwa Botanical Garden were never carried out, thus imparting knowledge to Liwa Botanical Garden technicians and workers on the development of natural orchid identification methods based on the morphological character in local natural resource conservation in the 4.0 industrial revolution era.

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Faruk, Aisyah, Astghik Papikyan, and Anush Nersesyan. "Exploring Effective Conservation of Charismatic Flora: Orchids in Armenia as a Case Study." Diversity 13, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120624.

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Plants are the bedrock of life on Earth but are increasingly threatened with extinction. The most cost-effective way of conserving plant diversity is through Protected Areas (PAs). However, the locality, size, and management of PAs are crucial for effectively maintaining diversity and have been criticized as currently inadequate. Using Armenia as our study site and orchids as our study taxa, we sought to (1) identify spatial patterns of orchid diversity hotspots and corresponding PA network sites; (2) examine if the current PA network is effective at capturing orchid species richness and diversity and (3) explore the relationship between the range of area suitability of species and level of protection. We used data collected from herbarium, field visits and GBIF occurrence records. Using freely available mapping software, we created heatmaps of observations and species richness. We compared PA sites based on the number of species (species richness) and diversity (Shannon–Weiner Index). Species range was developed using the MaxEnt model and a correlation analysis was performed against the proportion of the range within PA. We found that 57% of PA sites have a representation of at least one species of orchid, but some threatened species are not presented within any PA site. The Tavush and Syunik province not only held the highest species richness (>10 species), but the PA network within also held high orchid diversity (2.5 diversity index value for Dilijan National Park). We did not find a significant relationship between the range of area suitability for orchids and protection; however, all our target species had less than 30% of their range under protection. Our study highlights important challenges related to the limitations of available data, and we discuss these implications towards effective conservation outcomes for orchids for the region.

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RASKOTI, BHAKTA BAHADUR, and RITA ALE. "New species of orchids and notes on Orchidaceae of Nepal." Phytotaxa 394, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.4.3.

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Two new species of orchids from Nepal, Calanthe himalaicum and Habenaria palpensis are described and illustrated. Notes on the diagnostic characters used to distinguish them from allied taxa are provided. Present paper also summarizes various taxonomic publications on orchids of Nepal and reveals that the known orchid flora of Nepal comprises 502 taxa from 108 genera.

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Nodza, George I., Temitope O. Onuminya, and Oluwatoyin T. Ogundipe. "Preliminary Conservation Checklist of Orchid of Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria." Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC) 19 (October 15, 2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3936.

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A preliminary checklist of the Orchidaceae of Gashaka Gumti National Park (GGNP) is presented, based on previous reports on the flora of GGNP and recent botanical explorations. The results from this study recorded 80 orchid species in 38 genera. The collection consists of 84% epiphytes and 16% terrestrial orchids. The genera with highest number of species are the Bulbophyllum (16 species) and Polystachya (11 species), while Habenaria is the richest terrestrial genus with five species. Afropectinariella gabonensis, Bulbophyllum renkinianum and Rhipidoglossum polydactylum are newly recorded for Nigeria. Other noteworthy taxa include Angraecopsis elliptica, Bulbophyllum calvum, Holothrix aphyllaand Tridactyle tridentata which are some of the rarest orchid species in Nigeria. The highest species number was recorded in the lowland forest of the southern sector, particularly Kwano, with 42 species, followed by 29 species in the montane forest, five species in the savanna woodland, and four taxa in the lowland gallery forest. Our study identified recent transhumance to the enclave of the park (leading to grazing), and illegal logging of Pterocarpus erinaceous and Afzelia africana as the major noticeable threats to the continued existence of orchid species in GGNP. Therefore, further inventories with rigorous techniques such as the tree climbing technique are warranted for an exhaustive inventory and effective conservation of the orchid flora of GGNP.

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Senthil, K., C. Kunhikannan, and S. Hariharan. "Additions to the Orchid Flora of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (July 15, 2023): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183282.

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A study was conducted in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR), in the Southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, to document the wide range of wild orchids in the area and evaluate their conservation status. The ATR, known for its high species diversity, is a protected region spanning a core area of 958.59 km2 and a buffer area of 521.28 km2. The main objective of the study was to investigate and assess the diversity of orchids within the reserve, providing essential information for their conservation. The present study revealed the presence of 137 orchid species belonging to 56 genera in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve. Among them, 37 species forms an addition to the orchid flora of the reserve. The dominant genus in ATR is Dendrobium followed by Habenaria, and Oberonia.

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Štípková, Zuzana, and Pavel Kindlmann. "Orchid Extinction over the Last 150 Years in the Czech Republic." Diversity 13, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020078.

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Understanding temporal changes in the distribution and abundance of various species is one of the key goals of conservation biology. During recent decades, the abundance and distribution of many species of plants and animals have declined dramatically, mainly because of habitat loss and fragmentation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the rate of extinction of orchids at various sites in different 20-year time intervals over the last 150 years, determined according to changes in society. Using the dataset of the orchid records of the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, we determined the disappearance rate of orchids from sites using a grid of 1 × 1 km. We found that the vast majority of orchids disappeared from many of their historical localities in all time intervals analyzed. The number of sites suitable for Czech orchids declined by 8–92%, depending on the species. The most threatened orchid species in the Czech Republic are Spiranthes spiralis, Anacamptis palustris, Epipogium aphyllum and Goodyera repens. This all seems to be closely related with changes in agricultural practices in the open as well as in forest habitats. Preserving suitable orchid habitats seems to be the key for keeping Czech orchid flora alive.

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Margońska, Hanna B., Jeffrey Champion, and Monika M. Lipińska. "Preliminary Checklist of Malaxidinae and Liparidinae Representatives (Orchidaceae, Malaxideae) from Bali and Lombok Islands (Indonesia) with New Records." Diversity 14, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050398.

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Bali and Lombok are well known as popular touristic destinations. Both islands are accessible for potential floristic research, but surprisingly, information on their orchid flora is rather scarce and random. During our visits, among other orchid groups, we had an opportunity to observe several representatives of the tribe Malaxideae, which is considered to be one of the biggest and most interesting orchid groups with over 1700 taxa (including synonyms). In this paper, we present the first attempt at organizing the knowledge about these unique, often underestimated, orchids in Bali and Lombok, and we report several new records for both islands. For Bali, there are six from the genus Crepidium and four from Liparis sensu lato, and for Lombok, one from Crepidium and three from Liparis sensu lato.

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Adit, Arjun, Monika Koul, and Rajesh Tandon. "Twelve new additions in the orchid flora of Tripura, north-east India." Check List 16, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.1.17.

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Despite the discovery of several new plant species from India every year, there is dearth of information on species of orchid, especially from the North Eastern Region . As a detailed survey seemed necessary for reliable documentation, we looked into the diversity of orchids in Tripura state. We document the first records from the state for 12 species of orchids, including two genera (Crepidium Tausch and Dendrolirium Blume). Geographical distributions along with detailed descriptions and photographs of the species are provided.

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Selosse, Marc-André, Rémi Petrolli, María Isabel Mujica, Liam Laurent, Benoît Perez-Lamarque, Tomáš Figura, Amelia Bourceret, et al. "The Waiting Room Hypothesis revisited by orchids: were orchid mycorrhizal fungi recruited among root endophytes?" Annals of Botany 129, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab134.

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Abstract Background As in most land plants, the roots of orchids (Orchidaceae) associate with soil fungi. Recent studies have highlighted the diversity of the fungal partners involved, mostly within Basidiomycotas. The association with a polyphyletic group of fungi collectively called rhizoctonias (Ceratobasidiaceae, Tulasnellaceae and Serendipitaceae) is the most frequent. Yet, several orchid species target other fungal taxa that differ from rhizoctonias by their phylogenetic position and/or ecological traits related to their nutrition out of the orchid roots (e.g. soil saprobic or ectomycorrhizal fungi). We offer an evolutionary framework for these symbiotic associations. Scope Our view is based on the ‘Waiting Room Hypothesis’, an evolutionary scenario stating that mycorrhizal fungi of land flora were recruited from ancestors that initially colonized roots as endophytes. Endophytes biotrophically colonize tissues in a diffuse way, contrasting with mycorrhizae by the absence of morphological differentiation and of contribution to the plant’s nutrition. The association with rhizoctonias is probably the ancestral symbiosis that persists in most extant orchids, while during orchid evolution numerous secondary transitions occurred to other fungal taxa. We suggest that both the rhizoctonia partners and the secondarily acquired ones are from fungal taxa that have broad endophytic ability, as exemplified in non-orchid roots. We review evidence that endophytism in non-orchid plants is the current ecology of many rhizoctonias, which suggests that their ancestors may have been endophytic in orchid ancestors. This also applies to the non-rhizoctonia fungi that were secondarily recruited by several orchid lineages as mycorrhizal partners. Indeed, from our review of the published literature, they are often detected, probably as endophytes, in extant rhizoctonia-associated orchids. Conclusion The orchid family offers one of the best documented examples of the ‘Waiting Room Hypothesis’: their mycorrhizal symbioses support the idea that extant mycorrhizal fungi have been recruited among endophytic fungi that colonized orchid ancestors.

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Jayanthi, J., Karthigeyan Kaliyamurthy, and R. Sumathi. "Erythrodes Blumei (Orchidaceae): A New Addition to the Orchid Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2013-7az6l1.

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Samudin W, Mohammad Nur, Suharyadi Suharyadi, Hengky Rosadi, Renny Maulidda, Nyayu Latifah Husni, Ade Silvia Handayani, and Muhammad Rezza. "Social Innovation of PT. Pertamina EP Pendopo Field for Conservation the Protected Orchid Plants in Selangit Village, Musi Rawas Regency." Asian Journal of Social and Humanities 1, no. 11 (August 20, 2023): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v1i11.110.

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A rescue program was made to save orchid plants in Selangit Village by initiating and involving the community. This activity began in 2017 and now, more than 250 species of orchid plants have been successfully rescued. The decline of some species of orchid plants are due to many factors, such as the endemic nature, forest fire, illegal logging, and illegal sales by collector can be an accelerator of their extinction. This activity can be a trigger to increase insight and ideas for the government and local community in developing natural areas. Working together between PT. Pertamina EP Pendopo Field and South Sumatera Natural Resources Conservation Center to build the Selangit Greenhouse aims to save orchid plants and can be an education facility for educators and learners. Next, this program advised to development of tourist village destinations by increasing training and promotion activities of flora tourism activities, and can be sustainable social activity in rescuing orchids and rare plants in Selangit village.

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Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj, Batlai Oyuntsetseg, Petr Efimov, Zagarjav Tsegmed, Sumiya Vandandorj, Khurelpurev Oyundelger, Magsar Urgamal, et al. "Orchids of Mongolia: Taxonomy, Species Richness and Conservation Status." Diversity 13, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070302.

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Orchidaceae is a diverse, globally important plant family with high conservation assessment and prioritization requirements. The checklist of Orchidaceae in Mongolia was updated based on herbarium materials, literature, and field observations. Mongolian orchids were revised as comprising 26 taxa belonging to 14 genera with major updates were conducted on Herminium and Epipactis. In particular, H. alaschanicum, previously noted in the Alashan Gobi region, was added to the flora of Mongolia based on literature and type specimens. Epipactis helleborine and E. palustris were excluded from the Mongolian flora owing to the absence of herbarium specimens and wild collection from Mongolia. Assessment of all orchid species at the national level resulted in 1, 4, 7, 11, and 2 species as critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), near threatened (NT), and data deficient (DD), respectively, according to IUCN criteria. Species richness and conservation gap analyses of 970 georeferenced orchid records based on 0.5° × 0.5° grid cells across 16 phytogeographical regions of Mongolia, showed that four phytogeographical regions, Khangai, Khuvgul, Khentii and Mongolian Dauria, have a high number of orchids. Regrettably, most orchid-rich locations in Mongolia are not fully within protected areas, highlighting the need for protection management updates. Based on herbarium collections, we prepared grid distribution maps of the 26 taxa using 40 × 40 km2 grids. Photographs of 18 taxa taken during fieldwork were included, providing valuable information on species morphology and typical habitat.

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Aung, Ye Lwin, Aye Thin Mu, Mung Htoi Aung, Qiang Liu, and Xiao-Hua Jin. "An annotated checklist of Myanmar orchid flora." PhytoKeys 138 (January 10, 2020): 49–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.36144.

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Myanmar is situated in Southeast Asia, where species richness and diversity are very high. Myanmar orchid flora is very rich, but still poorly known because botanical explorations have sharply decreased in Myanmar since 1950. The present study provides a checklist of Myanmar orchid flora which includes 1040 species and 151 genera currently known from Myanmar, based on the herbarium specimens, literature and online databases. The number of species is increased by approximately 200 species more than that given in the checklist of Kress et al. (2003), mainly due to recent discoveries of new species to science and new records for Myanmar. There are 76 endemic species of Orchidaceae in Myanmar. It is estimated that ca. 150–300 species still remain as unidentified and are expected to be discovered in further studies on Myanmar orchid flora.

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Cash-Arcia, Norman, William Cetzal-Ix, Edgar Mó, Hermes Vega, and Saikat Kumar Basu. "First record of Lepanthes appendiculata Ames (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Nicaragua, with comments on the morphological variation, geographical distribution, and conservation status." Check List 12, no. 4 (August 4, 2016): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1941.

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Lepanthes appendiculata Ames, a new record for the orchid flora of Nicaragua is presented, with comments on its geographical distribution, floral variations, and analysis of conservation status following IUCN criteria. Additionally, we include iconography of its floral variations, habitats, and a detailed distribution map. Based on the herbarium records and iconography, we also accept and corroborate 10 species of Lepanthes Sw. in Nicaragua.

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Vibha, S., Sushmitha S. Hebbar, S. N. Mahalakshmi, and T. R. Prashith Kekuda. "A comprehensive review on ethnobotanical applications and pharmacological activities of Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann (Orchidaceae)." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2224.

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Orchidaceae is one of the two largest families in angiosperms. Orchids are popular owing to the most beautiful flowers they produce and due to their wide spread ethnobotanical importance. In this review, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities of A. praemorsa is discussed by referring flora, journals, and search engines such as Google scholar, ScienceDirect and Pubmed. Ethnobotanical investigations have revealed the potential therapeutic roles of different parts of A. praemorsa. The orchid is used traditionally by for treating ailments such as stomachache, earache, backache, wounds, neuralgia, rheumatism, eye diseases, sciatica, cough and fracture. A. praemorsa is investigated for various pharmacological activities. Studies have revealed the potential of A. praemorsa to exhibit a range of bioactivities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In conclusion, A. praemorsa is an extensively used epiphytic orchid for medicinal purposes in several parts of the India and other countries. Major emphasis has to be given in order to conserve this medicinally important orchid species. A. praemorsa can be a promising candidate in terms of its pharmacological potential. Keywords: Orchids, Orchidaceae, Acampe praemorsa, Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological

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Brundrett, Mark C. "Scientific approaches to Australian temperate terrestrial orchid conservation." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06131.

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This review summarises scientific knowledge concerning the mycorrhizal associations, pollination, demographics, genetics and evolution of Australian terrestrial orchids relevant to conservation. The orchid family is highly diverse in Western Australia (WA), with over 400 recognised taxa of which 76 are Declared Rare or Priority Flora. Major threats to rare orchids in WA include habitat loss, salinity, feral animals and drought. These threats require science-based recovery actions resulting from collaborations between universities, government agencies and community groups. Fungal identification by DNA-based methods in combination with compatibility testing by germination assays has revealed a complex picture of orchid–fungus diversity and specificity. The majority of rare and common WA orchids studied have highly specific mycorrhizal associations with fungi in the Rhizoctonia alliance, but some associate with a wider diversity of fungi. These fungi may be a key factor influencing the distribution of orchids and their presence can be tested by orchid seed bait bioassays. These bioassays show that mycorrhizal fungi are concentrated in coarse organic matter that may be depleted in some habitats (e.g. by frequent fire). Mycorrhizal fungi also allow efficient propagation of terrestrial orchids for reintroduction into natural habitats and for bioassays to test habitat quality. Four categories of WA orchids are defined by the following pollination strategies: (i) nectar-producing flowers with diverse pollinators, (ii) non-rewarding flowers that mimic other plants, (iii) winter-flowering orchids that attract fungus-feeding insects and (iv) sexually deceptive orchids with relatively specific pollinators. An exceptionally high proportion of WA orchids have specific insect pollinators. Bioassays testing orchid-pollinator specificity can define habitats and separate closely related species. Other research has revealed the chemical basis for insect attraction to orchids and the ecological consequences of deceptive pollination. Genetic studies have revealed that the structure of orchid populations is influenced by pollination, seed dispersal, reproductive isolation and hybridisation. Long-term demographic studies determine the viability of orchid populations, estimate rates of transition between seedling, flowering, non-flowering and dormant states and reveal factors, such as grazing and competition, that result in declining populations. It is difficult to define potential new habitats for rare orchids because of their specific relationships with fungi and insects. An understanding of all three dimensions of orchid habitat requirements can be provided by bioassays with seed baits for fungi, flowers for insects and transplanted seedlings for orchid demography. The majority of both rare and common WA orchids have highly specific associations with pollinating insects and mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting that evolution has favoured increasing specificity in these relationships in the ancient landscapes of WA.

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Castelló Monsoriu, Antonio José, José Vicente Andrés Ros, and Nieves Sarasa Alcubierre. "Adiciones y correcciones a la orquidoflora de la comarca del Alto Palancia y aledaños (Castellón)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 28 (January 1, 2003): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v28i0.7283.

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Additions and corrections to the orchid flora of the Alto Palancia Region and surrounding areas (Castellón, Spain).Palabras clave. Corología, flora, Orchidaceae, Alto Palancia, Castellón, España.Key words. Chorology, flora, Orchidaceae, Alto Palancia, Castellón, Spain.

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Djordjević, Vladan, Svetlana Aćić, Eva Kabaš, Predrag Lazarević, Spyros Tsiftsis, and Dmitar Lakušić. "The Orchids of Wetland Vegetation in the Central Balkans." Diversity 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010026.

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Wetland ecosystems are important habitats for the growth and survival of numerous terrestrial orchids in Europe. This study reviews the current knowledge on the orchids of wetland vegetation in the Central Balkans. The orchid flora was analyzed from taxonomic, phytogeographical, ecological and conservation aspects. The most important taxa include the two Balkan endemics (Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. bosniaca and D. kalopissi subsp. macedonica) and the three subendemics of the Balkans and the Carpathians (Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. cordigera, D. maculata subsp. transsilvanica and Gymnadenia frivaldii), as well as a considerable number of Central European, Eurasian and boreal orchid representatives. Several orchid taxa occurring in the wet meadows and fens of the Central Balkans have a southern limit of their distribution in this part of Europe, suggesting that wetlands are important refuges for them. In total, 33 orchid taxa were recorded in plant communities from five classes, 10 orders and 17 alliances. Most orchid taxa grow in the following wetland vegetation types: wet meadows (class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, order Molinietalia caeruleae, alliances Molinion caeruleae, Deschampsion cespitosae and Calthion palustris); fens (class Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae, order Caricetalia fuscae, alliance Caricion fuscae); tall-herb vegetation along mountain streams and springs (class Mulgedio-Aconitetea); marshes and herb-land vegetation of freshwater or brackish water bodies (class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea). This study highlights the importance of serpentine and silicate wetland vegetation types as important habitats for the survival of terrestrial orchids. In addition, detailed taxonomic, ecological and chorological studies of the wetland orchids of the Central Balkans need to be carried out in order to establish a successful plan for their conservation.

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Salazar, Gerardo A. "Two additions to the Mexican orchid flora." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84, no. 1 (March 2013): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7550/rmb.26896.

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Mahfut, Mahfut, Mitha Valentina Treesya Panjaitan, Sri Wahyuningsih, Tundjung Tripeni Handayani, and Sukimin Sukimin. "Identification of Disease and Efforts to Protect Natural Orchid Plants Against Fungi Infection in the Liwa Botanical Garden." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v1i1.39.

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Liwa Botanical Garden is located in West Lampung Regency which has an area of 86.6 hectares and is one of the conservation of ornamental plants that presents the flora of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. One of the flagship collections of this botanical garden is a native orchid. Disease infection is still a major obstacle in the cultivation and development of native orchid potential at Liwa Botanical Garden. Based on the results of previous studies, it is known that several individual natural orchid collections from Liwa Botanical Garden showed symptoms of fungal disease infections. Disease infections can inhibit plant growth and resistance and reduce the aesthetic value periodically. Symptoms of infection include necrotic patches on the upper surface of the leaf. This research was conducted to determine the identification of diseases and efforts to protect native orchids against fungal infections at Liwa Botanical Garden through a collection of samples that showed symptoms of infection, analysis of disease symptoms, and analysis of disease resistance levels. The results showed that the response of the native orchid at Liwa Botanical Garden to fungal infections was showed symptoms of wilting in the leaves, namely in the orchids Eria sp., Dendrobium sp., and Cymbidium sp. turns black on the edge of the leaf, Thrixspermum sp. The type of orchid most commonly infected with fungus is Cymbidium sp. a total of 8 samples, and Thrixspermum sp. 3 samples, Eria sp. as many as 4 samples, Dendrobium sp. and Calanthe triplicata as many as 6 samples. The type of native orchid that is most susceptible to fungal infections is Dendrobium sp. and Eria sp. with disease intensity of 74.11% and 22.3%. The results of this activity are expected to be basic information in efforts to protect plants against diseases to support the application of conservation of native orchids on Liwa Botanical Garden.

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Kurzweil, H. "An analysis of the orchid flora of Mt Mulanje, Malawi." Bothalia 22, no. 2 (October 14, 1992): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v22i2.848.

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The composition of the orchid flora of Mt Mulanje, Malawi, is analysed. The altitudinal distribution of the orchids, the distribution of the terrestrial and epiphytic species and the extralimital distribution of the species is assessed for both genera and subfamilies (after the systematic concept of Dressier 1981). The altitudinal distribution of species endemic to Malawi is also assessed. The terrestrial species show a significant increase with altitude whereas the epiphytic species are more dominant al the lower levels. A similar increase is also found in the species endemic to Malawi. An analysis of the distributions shared with other African countries reveals that most species also occur in Zambia, Zimbabwe and East Africa, whereas significantly fewer species are shared with Angola, southern Africa, Mocambique, Zaire and West Africa. Most species shared with tropical African countries are found on the lower slopes of Mt Mulanje.

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Milanovici, Sretco. "Orchidaceae L. Family in the “Iron Gates” Park (Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0034.

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Abstract Currently, little information is available about the orchid flora in the “Iron Gates” Nature Park, especially due to the lack of the data regarding the detailed geographical distribution and the actual conservation status of species and populations. According to the data provided by the specialist literature for the south-west of Romania, 39 species of orchids are found in this area, of which 29 are in the Danube Gorge (known as Clisura Dunării ‒ “Iron Gates” Nature Park). The field researches regarding the Orchidaceae L. family in the “Iron Gates” Nature Park area have been conducted over a period covering 15 years, from 1996 to 2011. During research conducted in the field I acknowledged the presence of 23 orchid species in the Danube Gorge area and ascertained the presence of new orchid species in the research area: two new species in the Danube Gorge area (“Iron Gates” Nature Park): Epipactis purpurata Sm. and Listera ovata (L.) R. Br.

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Suripto and Yayat Maulidan. "Orchid Identification and Collection Techniques in the Kembang Kuning Resort Area, Rinjani Mount National Park (RMNP)." Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA 4, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpmpi.v4i4.1246.

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The Rinjani Mount National Park (RMNP) area is one part of the tropical rain forest in the West Nusa Tenggara region. Orchid is one of the flora that has a high bioprospective in this area. The spread of natural orchids can continue to grow and there are still many that have not been identified. This study aims to train specific techniques in collecting and identifying natural orchids at The Resort of Kembang Kuning, Rinjani Mount National Park. The collection of orchids was carried out using the roaming method, while the identification of orchid species was carried out using a species determination technique through observation of morphological and anatomical descriptions. The out comes of this study are an increase in participants' appreciation, knowledge and skills in collecting and identifying species of natural orchids in the Kembang Kuning area of Rinjani Mount National Park. Based on the observations obtained 9 species (7 species were identified to the species level and 2 species were identified to the genus level) from 6 genera of natural orchids in area of The Kembang Kuning Resort, The Rinjani Mount National Park (RMNP).

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Pearce, N., and P. Cribb. "Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXXVII. New species and records of Orchidaceae from Bhutan and India (Sikkim)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 56, no. 2 (July 1999): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096042860000113x.

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Three new species of Bhutanese orchids, Aphyllorchis sanguinea, Cheirostylis sherriffii and Hetaeria pelota, and one new Sikkimese species, Lecanorchis sikkimensis, are newly described. Their generic placement and affinities are discussed. A new combination in Cheirostylis is made for the Taiwanese Zeuxine tabiyahanensis Hayata. Records of five orchid species new to Bhutan are also presented.

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AVERYANOV, LEONID, PHAM THI THANH DAT, BA VUONG TRUONG, NICOLAI ORLOV, TATIANA MAISAK, TUAN HOANG NGUYEN, and QUANG DIEP DINH. "Studies of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) in eastern Indochina Ⅳ. New species in the flora of Laos and Vietnam." Phytotaxa 514, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.3.1.

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The paper provides a short review of Bulbophyllum species recorded in Laos and Vietnam during the two last decades and continues the publication of results of our successive studies of the genus in this area. It presents data on two new species for science discovered in Laos (Bulbophyllum pachypodum) and Vietnam (B. neglectipetalum), one lesser known species for the flora of Laos (B. microtepalum), two new records for the flora of Vietnam (B. echinulus, B. setilabium), and new illustrated data on B. secundum insufficiently known in the flora of Vietnam. Bulbophyllum fascinator earlier accepted in specific rank reduced into the synonymy of B. putidum on the base of studies of newly obtained materials. Taking into consideration the new data presented in this paper, the flora of Laos presently includes 85, and flora of Vietnam 151 Bulbophyllum species, excluding Monomeria, Trias, and Sunipia. It is the largest genus in the orchid floras of both countries.

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Romero-González, Gustavo A., and João A. N. Batista. "Novelties in the Orchid Flora of Venezuela—Habenaria." Harvard Papers in Botany 14, no. 2 (December 2009): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3100/025.014.0215.

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Cribb, P. J., and J. Stewart. "Additions to the Orchid Flora of Tropical Africa." Kew Bulletin 40, no. 2 (1985): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4108267.

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S., Kaliamoorthy, and T. S. Saravanan. "Additions to the orchid flora of Peninsular India." Rheedea 29, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2019.29.4.05.

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39

Romero, Gustavo A., and German Carnevali. "Novelties in the Orchid Flora of Southern Venezuela." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 76, no. 2 (1989): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399494.

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40

Seidenfaden, Gunnar. "Contributions to the orchid flora of Thailand XI." Nordic Journal of Botany 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1985.tb02085.x.

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Seidenfaden, Gunnar, and Henrik Ærenlund Pedersen. "Contributions to the orchid flora of Thailand XIV." Nordic Journal of Botany 22, no. 5 (December 2002): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2002.tb01910.x.

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Agrawala, D., and C. Sabapathy. "Malaxis cylindrostachya (Lindl.) Kuntze (Orchidaceae): a new record for West Bengal." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-7w9263.

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Dogra, Kuldeep, and Jeewan Jalal. "Habenaria plantaginea Lindl. (Orchidaceae)- An addition to the flora of Chandigarh." Indian Journal of Forestry 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2018-4e397q.

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Hernández-Orta, Carlos Alberto, Karla María Aguilar-Dorantes, Jonas Morales-Linares, and Vicenzo Bertolini. "New records of Orchidaceae Juss. for the state from Hidalgo, Mexico." Check List 15, no. 5 (September 27, 2019): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.5.827.

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Two new orchid records are reported for Hidalgo, Notylia barkeri Lindl. and Trichocentrum cosymbephorum (C. Morren) R. Jiménez & Carnevali. The genus Notylia is reported for the first time, and the list of orchid flora is updated to include 110 taxa. Unexpectedly, the species were recorded in abandoned orange plantations rather than natural vegetation, likely because of the high anthropogenic pressure exerted on their natural populations. These new records highlight the importance of continuing to survey regions such as Hidalgo with scarce orchid records, including both natural and modified vegetation.

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Goncharova, I. A., L. N. Skripalshikova, and A. P. Barchenkov. "Orchidaceae species in the flora of Krasnoyarsk suburban pine cenoses." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 21, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2022008.

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The Orchid species cenopopulations (Cypripedium calceolus, C. macranthon, C. guttatum, Neottianthe cucullata) growing in Krasnoyarsk suburban pine cenoses at the forest-steppe were studied. Orchid species are included in the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The investigation objectives are Orchid species occurrence studying and population’s age structure determining in the Krasnoyarsk suburban pine cenoses, both under recreational load and in control. The results of the four species occurrence dynamics at the period 2017-2021 in the control cenosis and cenoses under the anthropogenic influence are presented. In the studied period, the Neottianthe cucullata occurrence did not change, regardless of the level of recreational impact. This species blooms in August, when the recreant’s activity decreases, which can explain its numbers preservation at the same level. The Cypripedium occurrence dynamics depends on the degree of recreational impact. As a result of the ontogenetic analysis, the populations of Neottianthe cucullata, Cypripedium macranthon, and C. guttatum in the control sample area belong to the middle-aged normal complete populations. Populations of Neottianthe cucullata, Cypripedium macranthon, C. calceolus in suburban pine cenoses under the recreational impact should be classified as middle-aged normal incomplete.

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Lussu, Michele, Michela Marignani, Roberta Lai, Maria Cecilia Loi, Annalena Cogoni, and Pierluigi Cortis. "A Synopsis of Sardinian Studies: Why Is it Important to Work on Island Orchids?" Plants 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070853.

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Biological and ecological investigations of islands are crucial to explain ecosystem functioning. Many studies on island biodiversity are carried out on oceanic islands. In contrast, information on continental islands, such as those in the Mediterranean Sea, is very often fragmented in space and time. Here, a synopsis of the Orchidaceae of Sardinia is presented based on literature surveys and recent botanical field studies. Our final list comprises of 64 species and 14 genera: thirteen species and subspecies were recognized as endemic and four new species were recorded for the flora of the island: Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase; Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng; Orchis italica Poir.; and Platanthera kuenkelei subsp. kuenkelei var. sardoa R.Lorenz, Akhalk., H.Baumann, Cortis, Cogoni & Scrugli. This orchid richness reflects the geological history of the island that was linked to the mainland several times, facing long periods of isolation. We also discuss a critical point-of-view of the biodiversity shortfalls still problematic for insular orchids. Indeed, within the Mediterranean Basin, the greatest amount of endemism occurs mainly on large islands, and, despite a long history of botanical exploration in European countries, many of them are scarcely investigated. This annotated synopsis shows the potential of continental islands to understand trends in ecology and evolution. Further studies are required to complete our knowledge of the orchid diversity on continental islands in order to propose scientific-based conservation programs to preserve these unique taxa.

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Rasingam, Ladan, R. Pandey, and P. Diwakar. "Two new additions to the orchid flora of Andaman Islands." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-y7gj2i.

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Averyanov, L. V., Khang Sinh Nguyen, T. V. Maisak, Hiep Tien Nguyen, N. L. Orlov, D. D. Slastunov, and I. V. Sokolova. "New orchid species (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Laos." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium, no. 50 (2019): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2019.50.25.

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This paper continues the publication of new data obtained during field studies in remote and poorly studied regions of Laos in 2015–2018. It provides descriptions of two new species (Bulbophyllum brachyscapum Aver. and Sunipia saccata Aver.), emended descriptions of two previously published but insufficiently known species (Cleisostoma verrucosum Aver., Oberonia vesiculifera Aver.) and reports of eight species newly recorded in the flora of Laos (Biermannia calcarata Aver., Bulbophyllum farreri (W. W. Sm.) Seidenf., Didymoplexiella trichechus (J. J. Sm.) Garay, Eria eriopsidobulbon C. S. P. Parish et Rchb. fil., Habenaria ciliolaris Kraenzl., Liparis caudata Aver. et K. S. Nguyen, Odontochilus umbrosus (Aver.) Ormerod, and Porpax ustulata (C. S. P. Parish et Rchb. fil.) Rolfe). Appropriate citations of regional literature, colour illustrations, data on types and distribution, descriptions, etymology, as well as notes on taxonomy and related species are provided for the studied species.

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Romero-González, Gustavo A., Carlos Gómez, and Germán Carnevali Fernández-Concha. "Novelties in the Orchid Flora of Venezuela III —Epidendrum." Harvard Papers in Botany 15, no. 1 (June 2010): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3100/025.015.0114.

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Kittredge, Walter. "Notes on the Orchid Flora of New Guinea I." Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University 30, no. 2 (April 15, 1985): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.168674.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Orchid Flora'

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