Relevant bibliographies by topics / Orchardgrass

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Orchardgrass'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Orchardgrass"

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Zeng, Bing, Xin-Quan Zhang, Ying Lan, and Wu-Yun Yang. "Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationshipsin orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) germplasm based on SRAP markers." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07017.

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The present study is the first report of characterizing the levels and patterns ofgenetic diversity in 60 orchardgrass accessions from four continents by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Twenty-one primer pairs were used to produce 480 bands, of which 405 (84.38%) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity coeffic ients (GS) varied from 0.5863 to 0.9686 among the 60 collections, with an average of 0.7891. The genetic diversity of orchardgrass from China and the United States of America were found to be higher than that found in other countries. The dendrogram and principal component analysis realized from these markers clustered the materials into four main groups. The cluster analysis showed that orchardgrass from Australia was different from other collections in genetic diversity. Accessions from the same continent were classified into the same group, indicating that the genetic diversity of orchardgrass and the entire genetic basis of cultivars used in a continent is narrow. Furthermore, cluster analyses suggested that there is correlation between karyotype and morphological characterizations according to the analysis of the five subclusters that clustered from the first group. The information given by SRAP markers was concordant with the morphological variability and karyotype. This showed SRAP marker system could be used efficiently in the study of genetic variability and the evolutionary history of orchardgrasses. Based on the analysis of genetic diversity and relationships, the appropriate strategies for collection and conservation of germplasm resources can be developed and this in turn would help breeding of orchardgrass. Key words: Genetic diversity, genetic relationship, germplasm, orchardgrass, sequence-related amplified polymorphism
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Christie, B. R., and S. R. Bowley. "Jay Orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-148.

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Jay is a cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) developed by the Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. The nine parents of Jay were selected for general vigour, late maturity, plant height at heading, and aftermath vigour. It is similar in herbage yield and plant height but slightly later maturing than the cultivar Kay. Jay is suited for situations where a late-maturing orchardgrass is desired. Key words: Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, cultivar description
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Acharya, S. N., D. R. Friebel, and Y. Castonguay. "Kayak orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 905–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07016.

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Kayak is a high yielding early maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with good level of winterhardiness suited for silage and hay production in western Canada including interior British Columbia. The population was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC and Western Forage Trials (WFTests), Kayak yielded 4% better than the check cultivar Kay under both rain fed and irrigated conditions. Kayak orchardgrass produces 10% more seed yield than Kay while its seed size is slightly smaller than Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, high forage yield, winterhardy
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Bowley, S. R., D. Hancock, and D. Wood. "Jay orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-065.

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Jay is a cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) developed by the Crop Science Department, University of Guelph. It was developed by half-sib progeny testing for yield, leafiness, and late-maturity. It is similar in herbage yield and plant height but slightly later maturing than the cultivar Kay. Jay is suited for situations where a late-maturing orchardgrass is desired. Key words: Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, cultivar description
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Spandl, Eric, James J. Kells, and Oran B. Hesterman. "Weed Invasion in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Seeded with Perennial Forage Grasses." Weed Technology 11, no. 3 (September 1997): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045413.

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Component yields and forage quality were evaluated in established stands of alfalfa seeded alone and in binary mixtures with smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, or timothy. Forage yields and quality were determined at three annual harvests in the third and fourth years after seeding. Weed yields in alfalfa seeded alone were significantly greater than those in the alfalfa–orchardgrass mixture. Average weed content was 24, 17, 2, and 15% for the alfalfa seeded alone, alfalfa–bromegrass, alfalfa–orchardgrass, and alfalfa–timothy, respectively. Seeding alfalfa with orchardgrass increased first harvest and annual forage yields while reducing alfalfa yield. Yields of orchardgrass often exceeded those of bromegrass or timothy. In the first harvest each year, crude protein was reduced and acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber increased by including orchardgrass. Neutral detergent fiber was greater in alfalfa–orchardgrass than in the alfalfa seeded alone at most harvests. There were no consistent differences among the alfalfa seeded alone and the other mixtures in yield or quality.
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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya, and D. E. Hunt. "Haida-VR orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-087.

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Haida-VR is a latematuring orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with moderate, temperate climate. The cultivar was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, British Columbia (BC) in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta. In BC trials, Haida-VR yielded 3% more than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 21% better than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Haida-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded 3% better than a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata
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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya, and D. E. Hunt. "Chilliwack-VR orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-088.

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Chilliwack-VR is a medium-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) population with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with a moderate temperate climate. The population was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, BC, in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC trials, Chilliwack-VR yielded 5% more than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 23% better than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Chilliwack-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded as much biomass as a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata
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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya, and D. E. Hunt. "Cheam-VR orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-089.

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Cheam-VR is an early-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with moderate temperate climate. The population was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, BC, in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC trials, Cheam-VR yielded 6% better than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 15% more than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Cheam-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded 6% more than a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata
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Bowley, S. R., and D. Hancock. "DIVIDEND VL orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 4 (July 2011): 793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10166.

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Bowley, S. R. and Hancock, D. 2011. DIVIDEND VL orchardgrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 793–795. DIVIDEND VL is a late-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar for silage and hay production in mixtures with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in eastern Canada. The population was developed at the University of Guelph, Guelph, ON. DIVIDEND VL matured at a slower rate when grown in pure stand and in binary mixtures with alfalfa compared with the cultivars OKAY and Rapido. When harvested at the same date, DIVIDEND VL averaged 7% lower in biomass yield compared with OKAY, but the herbage was less advanced in its maturity.
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Linscott, Dean L., and Richard H. Vaughan. "Fenoxaprop for Annual Foxtail (Setariasp.) Control in Seedling Perennial Forages." Weed Technology 4, no. 3 (September 1990): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025975.

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Seedling timothy tolerated fenoxaprop at 0.09 kg ai ha-1whereas seedling orchardgrass tolerated applications as high as 0.13 kg ai ha-1. Several fenoxaprop treatments increased perennial grass yields the year following establishment. Fenoxaprop appears to solve annual foxtail problems in new plantings of orchardgrass or timothy seeded alone. Over a 2-yr period, alfalfa yields in on alfalfa-grass mixture were maintained or increased from fenoxaprop applied the seedling year. In the mixtures, timothy yield declined in relation to fenoxaprop applied, but orchardgrass did not. Use of fenoxaprop on seedling alfalfa-timothy or alfalfa-orchardgrass mixtures is questionable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orchardgrass"

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Kuhn, William Robert. "Pest management of billbugs in orchardgrass grown in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76916.

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The bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal) and hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden) have become important pests of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grown in Virginia, causing 40 - 100% stand losses according to a 2005 survey of over 324 ha (800 ac) of orchardgrass. Their sheltered feeding habits combined with a lack of labeled insecticides for orchardgrass make billbug control extremely difficult for this crop. Over two seasons, orchardgrass fields were surveyed for paired feeding holes caused by feeding of the billbug spring adult. Simultaneously, barrier pitfall traps, a standard method for determining the presence of billbugs in orchardgrass, were used to trap billbug adults in the fields. A comparison of these methods using a Wilcoxon sign-ranked test found no significant differences in the time when paired feeding holes were first observed in fields and when billbug adults were first trapped, showing that the methods are equally satisfactory for determining the presence of billbugs in orchardgrass. In addition, temperature data from SkyBit E-Weather® service, which are currently used to alert growers and other interested parties of pertinent billbug activity in orchardgrass, was compared to data from a field-based weather data logger over the two seasons. A comparison of these data showed high coefficients of correlation, indicating a close relationship between these two degree-day collection methods. Therefore, the SkyBit system can continue to be used for the alert system. A field-border application of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain F52 (Met-52), an entomopathogenic fungus, was evaluated against billbug adults as they enter orchardgrass fields in the spring. Randomized pairs of treated and untreated plots were placed along the edge of an orchardgrass field in studies over two seasons. Plots were monitored for billbug adults using barrier pitfall traps, and billbug adults were checked for Met-52 infection. The Met-52 proved unsatisfactory for controlling billbugs in this study. A field efficacy trial was used to evaluate several insecticides and Met-52 against billbug adults in orchardgrass over two seasons. A randomized complete block design, four insecticide treatments and an untreated control were used in each of two trials. Samples from each treatment plot were dissected and checked for billbug life stages and for injury to orchardgrass plants. In one trial, plants in the Sevin XLR Plus® treatment were found to have a significantly higher percentage of injury to the crowns than all other treatments except Mustang Max. No other significant differences were seen in this study.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Jones, Gordon B. "Persistence and Productivity of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in Hay Stands." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74878.

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Persistence of perennial grass crops is essential to their profitable management. Recently, orchardgrass producers in the Mid-Atlantic have reported a reduction in the persistence and regrowth vigor of their swards. The overall objective was to evaluate which factors play a major role in controlling the persistence of orchardgrass harvested for hay in the Mid-Atlantic. A survey of orchardgrass fields, growth chamber experiment, and field experiment were conducted to that end. The objectives were to: (1) assess soil fertility, management practices, disease status, and climate in relation to producer perceived stand persistence rating, orchardgrass biomass, and soil test thresholds in orchardgrass hayfields in 4 states, (2) examine the interactions of high temperature and low cutting height on the physiology and regrowth of orchardgrass in controlled environments, and (3) evaluate yield, composition, and size/density compensation-corrected productivity of orchardgrass and orchardgrass/alfalfa mixtures harvested to four cutting heights over three years. The survey of hayfields indicated that the sward age, soil organic matter, grazing, manure application, and historical average high temperature were main determinants of stand persistence score. In the growth chamber experiment, regrowth was significantly reduced by the 35°C treatment as compared to 20°C. Low cutting height significantly reduced regrowth in the cool temperature treatment, but no effect of cutting height was detected under heat stress. In the field experiment, yields were highest from plots cut to 5 cm, but orchardgrass cover in these plots thinned through the experiment. Tiller size and density measurements indicated that cutting heights of 10 cm or greater were able to achieve and maintain optimal leaf area while productivity was reduced for the 5 cm treatment. Overall, it is apparent that excessively low cutting heights are a major cause of reduced persistence in orchardgrass swards and that high temperature stress will limit regrowth. These factors likely interact with fertility and disease status, and together cause the premature loss of orchardgrass stands. Efforts should be made to communicate the importance of increased cutting height to producers. Breeding of orchardgrass resistant to fungal pathogens and heat stress may be required to sustain an orchardgrass hay industry in the Mid-Atlantic.
Ph. D.
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Moffitt, Deborah L. "Seasonal differences in apparent digestibilities of fescue and orchardgrass/clover pastures by horses." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52057.

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An experiment was conducted to determine intake and apparent digestibilities of Kentucky 31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea schreb.) and orchardgrass/clover (Dactylus glomerata L./Trifolium pratense L.) pastures in different seasons of the year. Three digestion trials were conducted in December, 1985 (winter), May, 1986 (spring) and August, 1986 (summer). Five horses grazed each pasture type. A double marker procedure was used with indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF) and Yb as internal and external markers, respectively. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined. Digestibility of orchardgrass/clover components were not different between winter and spring, but were higher (P<.05) in DM, ADF and NDF digestibilities in the summer. Fescue DM and ADF digestibilities were higher (P<.05) in the winter while apparent digestibility of CP was higher (P<.05) in the spring. In summer orchardgrass/clover DM, ADF and NDF digestibilities were higher (P<.05) than fescue. Dry matter intake was not significantly different between forages. Orchardgrass/clover intake was lowest (P<.05) in the winter. Fescue dry matter intake was highest (P<.05) in the summer.
Master of Science
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Shateryan, Djavad. "Evaluation of three cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection for forage yield in orchardgrass and timothy." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26140.

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Three cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) were carried out on two cultivars each of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The selections were conducted at the E. A. Lods Agronomy Research Center of Macdonald Campus of McGill University from 1984 to 1988. Individual plant selections were based on dry matter yields of 25 plants. Within each of 16 grids, the five highest yielding genotypes were selected (i.e. 80 genotypes overall) and allowed to interpollinate. Equal weights of seeds from each of the 80 selected plants were mixed in each cycle. Evaluation trials were carried out in both sward and spaced stand from 1989 to 1993 to assess the effectiveness of selection in improving dry matter yield. Several other morphological and physiological characteristics of cycles were recorded to find possible associated changes.
Three cycles of RRPS were not effective in increasing forage dry matter yields. The lack of response may be due to a narrow genetic base in the source populations and/or the population size under selection may have been too small, resulting in inbreeding depression. Another explanation for the ineffective selection may be non-random pollination among selected plants. The selection for forage yield produced some minor changes in other characteristics. There was a tendency towards increased plant height and circumference in orchardgrass; however, for timothy, height and circumference were reduced by selection. Cycle 3 of Avon orchardgrass was one day later in maturity and there was also a tendency for later maturity for timothy.
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Wood, Lauren N. "POST WEANING SUPPLEMENTATION OF APRIL-BORN POLYPAY AND WHITE DORPER LAMBS GRAZING ALFALFA/ORCHARDGRASS PASTURE." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/60.

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The effect of post-weaning supplementation of April-born Polypay and White Dorper lambs grazing alfalfa/orchardgrass pasture during two grazing seasons from June to September was studied. One hundred seventy Polypay and 133 White Dorper lambs were randomly allotted to supplemented (2% BW daily) and unsupplemented groups. It was discovered that Polypay lambs weighed more than White Dorpers at wearning, when the grazing season began, and at the end of the 80 (Year 1) and 85 (Year 2) grazing season (P < 0.01). Polypay lambs gained faster (P < 0.01) than White Dorpers. Supplemented lambs gained faster (P < 0.01) than unsupplemented and Polypays had a greater response to supplementation (P < 0.01) than White Dorpers. Polypays had higher (P < 0.01) fecal egg counts, an indicator of Haemonchus contortus infestation. Supplementation did not have any consistent effect on reducing Haemonchus contortus infestation. Differences in forage characteristics of Polypay and White Dorper lambs did appear. Differences in alfalfa and orchardgrass dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude protein availability were measured by subtracting enter from exit availabilities. The largest decrease of alfalfa components from exit to enter was found with unsupplemented Polypays. No consistent effect was found for orchardgrass components.
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Potdar, Madhukar Vishwanathrao. "Interference in monocultures and mixtures of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27510.

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Interference among plants involves responses of plants to their environment as modified by the presence and/or growth of neighbouring plants. An important theme of research on plant interference is the relationship between plant population density and measures of plant growth or agricultural yield. An experiment on plant interference was performed in which plots of two important forage species, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.), were grown at different total population densities and mixture proportions. Measures of plant growth and yield were taken at five separate harvests during one growing season. The analysis of variance indicated that primary and derived measures of growth and yield generally were strongly affected by the three main experimental factors: time, total population density and mixture proportions. Best subset multiple regression analysis, using Mallow's CP criterion, helped to define which experimental factors and interactions were related closely to plant responses. Both of these analytical methods indicated that the main effects of experimental factors were often significant, while interactions among factors were less prominent. The best subset models were different in structure for different response variates, however, indicating that plant responses varied when different measures of growth were considered. Models were developed which provided an effective description of yield-density responses in monocultures and mixtures when interference was strong. Model parameters were used to compare the relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific interference in each species. The higher-yielding species, timothy, exerted stronger interference, both within and between species than orchardgrass. Interference was significant early in growth and intensified with increasing population density. The parameters of the yield-density models were also used to assess differential yield responses in the mixtures. Net overyielding occurred in most mixtures because overyielding in timothy was not fully offset by underyielding in orchardgrass. The greatest yield advantage occurred in mixtures containing orchardgrass and timothy in proportions of 2:1. The dynamics of plant growth were followed using methods of plant growth analysis. Absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, unit leaf rate and crop growth rate were among the growth indices showing strong responses to interference. Interference seemed to disturb the time course of growth in a complex way. Allometric relationships between dry weight per plant and either leaf area per plant or tiller number per plant were also affected by interference. The species differed in their allometric responses, and the relationships between allometry and different treatment factors also varied.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Mundie, Benjamin Scott. "Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42804.

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A metabolism trial was conducted to compare the nutritional value of: 1)â Quickstandâ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 2)caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb], 3)tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and 4)orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The warm-season grasses (bermudagrass and bluestem) were higher (P < .01) in fiber components than the cool-season grasses (tall fescue and orchardgrass). Bluestem was lower (P < .001) in CP, hemicellulose, and ash, and higher in NDF (P < .001), ADF (P < .001), cellulose (P < .001), and lignin (P < .01) than bermudagrass. The warm-season grasses were lower in the apparent digestibility of DM (P < .001), NDF (P < .01), ADF (P < .05), cellulose (P < .05), and hemicellulose (P < .01) than cool-season grasses. Apparent digestibility of NDF (P < .001), ADF (P < .001), cellulose (P < .01), and hemicellulose (P < .01) was higher for bluestem than bermudagrass. Fescue was higher (P < .001) in apparent digestibility of DM and CP and lower (P < .01) in apparent digestibility of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose than orchardgrass. Lambs fed bluestem had lower (P < .05) N retention than those fed bermudagrass, when expressed as g/d. Lambs fed fescue had higher (P < .001) N retention, than those fed orchardgrass. When expressed as a percent of intake or absorption, N retention values were similar among treatments. The results of this study suggest that cool-season grasses are of higher nutritional value than warm-season grasses.
Master of Science
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Magee, Kelly Jean. "Nitrogen Metabolism of Beef Steers Fed Either Gamagrass or Orchardgrass Hay With or Without A Supplement." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04092004-175002/.

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This experiment evaluated rumen protein:energy synchronization in steers fed either gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) hays with or without a soybean hull/corn supplement. A N balance trial was conducted to compare the effects of the supplement and hay on N intake, N digestion, and N metabolism. The supplement consisted of 50:50 corn: soybean hulls mix with 50 g molasses per kg of corn: soybean hulls mixture. The supplement contained 11.3% CP, 34.2% NDF, 22.9% ADF, and 0.87 kg was fed at 0830 and 1600 followed by hay offered in two equal portions. Steers had ad libitum access to water and a trace mineralized salt block throughout the study. Hay compositions were 8.3% CP, 71.8% NDF, and 37.8% ADF for gamagrass and were 11.9% CP, 70.5% NDF, and 36.6% ADF for orchardgrass. Steers were individually fed, blocked into two weight groups, and randomly assigned to either gamagrass or orchardgrass hay (4 steers per hay). Within hays, steers were assigned to receive supplement or no supplement in a crossover design. Ad libitum DM intake for each steer was equal to their intake during the last 8d of the 21-d ad libitum period. Steers were then placed in metabolism crates for an 8-d adjustment followed by a 5-d balance trial. During the balance trial, steers were fed 90% of ad libitum intake. Compared with gamagrass, orchardgrass had similar true IVDMD (64.2 vs 62.2%), similar leaf true IVDMD (58.2 vs 63.2%), and similar stem true IVDMD (46.7 vs 51.7%). Effects were significant at P < 0.10. Compared with gamagrass, orchardgrass had a lower ad libitum DM intake (4.62 vs 5.37 kg/d), higher N intake (96.6 vs 81.1 g/d), similar fecal N (36.1 vs 34.5 g/d), higher N digestibility (62.4 vs 57.4 %), similar N retained (27.2 vs 27.7 g/d), and lower digestible DMI (3.20 vs 3.53 kg/d). Compared with no supplement, supplement increased digestible DM intake (3.70 vs 3.03 kg/d), total DM intake (5.87 vs 5.07 kg/d), N intake (96.9 vs 80.8 g/d), fecal N (39.4 vs 31.1 g/d) and N retained (31.7 vs 23.2 g/d). Supplement (1.74 kg/d) decreased hay ad libitum intake by 0.73 kg/d. Supplement decreased, blood urea N, urine urea N and urine urea N as a percentage of urine N more for orchardgrass than for gamagrass. Supplement tended (P < 0.11) to improve N retained as a percentage of N intake or percentage of N digested more for orchardgrass than for gamagrass hay. Blood urea N was reduced (2.21 vs 0.14 mM)more for steers fed orchardgrass hay than for steers fed gamagrass. We believe that the increase in digestible OM intake is due in part to the presence of soybean hulls in the supplement.
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Canty, Amanda. "Comparison of Nutrient Concentration in Four Fertility Treatments After Poultry Litter Application to Orchardgrass and Sorghum-Sundangrass Hayfield Soils." TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/623.

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Field experiments were established in 2001 at the Agricultural Research and Education Complex in Bowling Green, Kentucky to evaluate soil fertility values before and after poultry litter application to orchardgrass and sorghum-sudangrass hayfields. A randomized complete block design was utilized with each treatment being replicated four times. Orchardgrass plots consisted of sixteen 7.6 m rows, 91 m in length and separated by alleys 4.6 m in width. Sorghum-sudangrass plots consisted of sixteen 7.6 m rows, 60.96 m in length and separated by alleys 4.6 m in width. Four separate fertility treatments were utilized: inorganic fertilizer (I), poultry litter applied to meet nitrogen requirements (N), poultry litter applied to meet phosphorous requirements (P), and poultry litter applied to meet phosphorous requirements with a supplemental inorganic fertilizer (NP). In the poultry litter applications, plant available P was estimated to be 80% while N availability was estimated at 50% the first year. Fifteen soil samples were taken in a random, representative manner from each plot of orchardgrass and sorghum-sudangrass prior to litter application and after each harvest. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn levels, which were evaluated based upon fertilizer treatment differences Water pH has statistically remained the same thus far, indicating that it is currently not determining nutrient availability among treatments in orchardgrass and sorghum-sudangrass soils. Nitrate concentrations exhibited increases in treatments N and P for orchardgrass soils, while sorghum-sudangrass soils indicated all three treatments N, I, and P were different from each other. There were no differences among treatments for ammonium in orchardgrass soils; however, sorghum-sudangrass soils exhibited a higher concentration in treatments P and I. In both orchardgrass and sorghum-sudangrass soils, treatment N exhibited an increase in phosphate, copper, and zinc concentrations over all other treatments; magnesium and potassium concentrations were highest in treatment N in sorghum-sudangrass hayfield soils. Potassium concentrations were higher in treatments P and N in sorghum-sudangrass soils and the NP and I in orchardgrass soils. Sorghum-sudangrass soils indicated a higher K concentration in treatment N from all other treatments. While orchardgrass soils exhibited no differences in Mg, sorghumsudangrass soils indicated a higher amount in treatment N from all other treatments. Copper and zinc both exhibit a higher concentration in treatment N in comparison to all other treatments in both orchard and sorghum-sudangrass soils.
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Riley, AnnMarie Christine. "FORAGE QUALITY OF COOL SEASON PERENNIAL GRASS HORSE PASTURES IN THE TRANSITION ZONE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/112.

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Cool season perennial grasses are the foundation of equine nutrition in the transition zone. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage quality using ADF, NDF, IVTDMD, CP, WSC, and ESC and changes in vegetative swards seasonally, diurnally, across species (Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass) and cultivar. This study was conducted in 2015 and 2017 and plots were maintained vegetatively with two to four week mowing. Morning and afternoon sample collection occurred monthly during the growing season. Samples were flash frozen; freeze dried, ground, and scanned using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict forage quality. There was a significant year effect; therefore year was analyzed separately. Generally, ADF and NDF were highest for Kentucky bluegrass (30 and 52%), lowest for perennial ryegrass (25 and 46%), and tall fescue and orchardgrass were inconsistent. Crude protein was variable across species and season, ranging 10 to 25%. ADF and NDF concentrations were higher in the morning; IVTDMD, WSC, and ESC were higher in the afternoon; and CP was similar diurnally. In conclusion, forage quality in vegetative cool season grass pastures was sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of most equines, but varied seasonally, diurnally, across species, and cultivar.
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Books on the topic "Orchardgrass"

1

Kugler, John Lee. Orchardgrass hay production guide for the Columbia Basin of Washington. [Pullman, Wash.]: Washington State University Extension, 2006.

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B, Hannaway D., Oregon State University. Extension Service., Washington State University. Cooperative Extension., University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension System., and United States. Dept. of Agriculture., eds. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Fitzsimmons, James P. Pasture renovation with herbicide suppression of weeds and no-till seeding of orchardgrass. 1993.

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Chastain, Thomas G. Spring establishment of orchardgrass and tall fescue seed crops with cereal companion crops. 1987.

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Fernandez, Jesus Perez. Rhynchosporium orthosporum in orchardgrass, isolation frequency, colonization, variability, and an evaluation of cultivar resistance. 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Orchardgrass"

1

Van Santen, Edzard, and David A. Sleper. "Orchardgrass." In Cool-Season Forage Grasses, 503–34. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr34.c16.

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Horn, Michael E. "Somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass." In Plant Tissue Culture Manual, 81–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0103-2_5.

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Songstad, D. D., and B. V. Conger. "Morphogenetic Response from Orchardgrass Pistils." In Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture, 352. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_57.

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Denchev, P. D., J. K. McDaniel, and B. V. Conger. "Transgenic Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)." In Transgenic Crops I, 151–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59612-4_10.

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Horn, Michael E. "Transformation and regeneration of orchardgrass protoplasts." In Plant Tissue Culture Manual, 261–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0103-2_14.

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Conger, B. V., R. N. Trigiano, D. J. Gray, and J. K. McDaniel. "Somatic Embryogenesis in Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)." In Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II, 70–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78643-3_7.

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Gray, D. J., and B. V. Conger. "Somatic Embryo Ontogeny in Tissue Cultures of Orchardgrass." In Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture, 49–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_4.

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Sokolović, D., S. Babić, J. Radović, M. Petrović, G. Jevtić, Z. Lugić, and A. Simić. "Evaluation of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Autochthonous Serbian Germplasm in Pre-breeding." In Breeding in a World of Scarcity, 89–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28932-8_13.

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Matsunaka, T., and H. Takahasi. "Root weight as a principal factor responsible for difference in nitrogen absorption among Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Meadow Fescue (Festuca elatior L.) and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) during first growing period." In Plant Nutrition, 592–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_287.

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Wolf, D. D., and Η. E. White. "Orchardgrass." In Detecting Mineral Nutrient Deficiencies in Tropical and Temperate Crops, 467–71. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429035258-43.

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