Academic literature on the topic 'Orbit Motor'
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Journal articles on the topic "Orbit Motor"
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Mishev, A., and T. Stehle. "CFD-Analyse zur Leistungssteigerung eines Orbit-Motors*/CFD investigation of the performance of an orbital motor - CFD investigation of the influence of the rotor teeth number and eccentricity on the performance of an orbital motor." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 06 (2015): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-06-85.
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Vorgestellt wird ein neuer Orbit-Motor mit innovativem Rotor-Design. Der Motor wurde grundlegend mit der Methode „Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis“ (numerische Strömungsmechanik) simulativ untersucht und entwickelt. Sechs volle dreidimensionale transiente CFD-Orbit-Motor-Modelle wurden entwickelt und mit dem CFD-Modell eines Standard-Orbit-Motors verglichen. Dabei weisen die CFD-Simulationsergebnisse für die neuen Orbit-Motoren-Modellvarianten einen deutlichen Anstieg des Motordrehmoments sowie wesentlich geringere Druck- und Gasvolumen-Anteil-Pulsationen gegenüber dem Standard-Orbit-Motor auf. In this paper a new orbital motor with innovative rotor design is presented and fundamentally investigated by means of CFD analysis. Six full 3D transient CFD orbital motor models were designed and compared to a standard orbital motor. The results from the simulation showed a substantial increase of the motor torque and reduction of the pressure ripple and gas volume fraction ripple of all six models. Furthermore the flow rate and the volumetric efficiency of all orbital motor models were predicted.
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RAJA, M., Gaurav ASTHANA, Ajay SINGH, Ashna SINGHAL, and Pallavi LAKRA LAKRA. "Orbit Design and Trajectory Analysis of satellite in Low Earth Orbit." INCAS BULLETIN 13, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.1.17.
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An Attitude control system for a satellite in low earth orbit is designed in this project. As a reference, CARTOSAT-2 is selected to design the AOCS. CARTOSAT-2 is located in LEO so it suits the needs of the projects. It is mainly used for mapping of urban, rural areas and wetlands in India. To design a basic AOCS, a DC motor based model is considered. Transfer functions of DC motor and satellite dynamics model are calculated using Laplace transformation. Stability of the system is checked by plotting poles and zeroes of the systems. PID controller is used to improve the overall stability of the system by decreasing the errors in the output of the system. The systems are subjected to sine and step inputs and responses are plotted in the form of graphs. The plots are studied using SciLab as the tool to design the block diagram and the control system for the AOCS. Scilab along with FlightGear is used to visualize the response of the system.
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Salmin, V. V., V. V. Volotsuev, and A. V. Nikitin. "Analysis of characteristics of electric propulsion systems intended for carrying out maneuvers of maintenance of low Earth working orbit of small satellites." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2021-20-3-65-76.
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An analysis of the mass of the working fluid and motor operating time of electric propulsion systems applied as a part of small spacecraft to carry out maneuvers of maintenance of the low Earth working orbit is carried out. The analysis is carried out for the small spacecraft with the weight in the range from 300 to 1000 kg functioning in working orbits with the height in the range from 400 to 600 km. When carrying out the analysis the values of the specific impulse of the propulsion system in the range from 800 to 1600 sec were accepted. Procedural guidelines for assessing the value of the required characteristic speed depending on the aerodynamic drag force, as well as for assessing the value of mass of the working fluid with account for the value of the specific impulse and defining the motor operating time of the propulsion system depending on the exhaust speed of the working fluid were used. The results of calculations given in the article show that the mass of the working fluid and the motor operating time vary depending on the height of the orbit and the mass of the small spacecraft and allow making quick preliminary assessment of the main design characteristics of the electric propulsion engines used to carry out maneuvers of maintenance of the low Earth working orbit of small spacecraft with different weight dimension characteristics during the prescribed term of active existence.
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Kamel, O. M., and A. S. Soliman. "Velocity corrections in generalised Hohmann and bi-elliptic transfer orbits." Aeronautical Journal 106, no. 1064 (October 2002): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000018170.
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AbstractFor generalised Hohmann and bi-elliptic transfer orbits, we applied small tangential impulses at peri-apse and apo-apse to acquire the precise destination elliptic orbit stemming from an initial orbit. There are four cases for this correctional or improvement process. We take into consideration the first configuration for the time being. We determined the four relationships connecting the increments in major axes and eccentricities with the correctional increments in velocities ΔvA, ΔvB at points A, B for the generalised Hohmann case. We assigned the three relationships - for the bi-elliptic transfer - connecting slight changes in major axes with small increments in velocities at points A, B, C due to motor thrusts.
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Nag, Abhijit, Harish Ramachandran, and Aditya Shriwastava. "Optimization of the interference parameters of an Orbit motor using genetic algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 22 (May 23, 2020): 4478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220924700.
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In the present study, the leakage of fluid due to gap generation at the contact points is eliminated by introducing interference between the rotor and the stator of an Orbit motor. Interference is incorporated in the system by modifying the roller radius, the chordal thickness, and the pitch circle radius. In an Orbit motor of interference-fit type, the contact points and the rotor center deviate from their original positions as found in an Orbit motor of perfect-fit type. A corrective technique based on minimization of the potential energy of the system is used to obtain the rotor center of an interference-fit motor. The rotor profile is initially generated around the geometrically obtained center of a perfect-fit motor. It is then shifted in the direction of decreasing potential energy, until the rotor center corresponding to minimum energy is attained. The main drawback of introducing interference is the generation of an unbalanced torque which affects the output torque of the motor. Thus, optimization of interference parameters using genetic algorithm is carried out to determine a system for which no gap is generated at the contacts and simultaneously it is ensured that the unbalanced torque ripple amplitude is minimum.
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Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni, Shawn Betts, and John Robert Anderson. "Cognitive & motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0258242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258242.
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We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning of timing skills across speed perturbations of the environment. In Auto Orbit, players needed to learn to alternate turn and shot actions to blow and burst balloons under time constraints imposed by balloon resets and deflations. Cognitive and motor skill transfer was assessed both in terms of game performance and in terms of the details of their motor actions. We found that skill transfer across speeds necessitated the recalibration of action timing skills. In addition, we found that acquiring skill in Auto Orbit involved a progressive decrease in variability of behavior. Finally, we found that players with higher skill levels tended to be less variable in terms of action chunking and action timing. These findings further shed light on the complex cognitive and motor mechanisms of skill transfer across speeds in complex task environments.
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Pham Trong, Hoa. "Analysis effects of oil viscosity and temperature on orbit of ring gear in internal gear motor and pump." Transport and Communication Science Journal 70, no. 3 (November 15, 2019): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/tcsj.70.3.1.
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Effect of oil temperature and viscosity on the ring gear orbit in the internal gear motor and pump is analyzed in this study. The mobility method is used to calculate the ring gear orbit. The mathematical model of oil viscosity and temperature is then integrated into the mobility method. The simulation results point out that the oil temperature and viscosity have great effect on the eccentricity, position angle and minimum oil film thickness. The metal - to - metal contact phenomenon occurs if internal gear motor and pump operates under high values of oil temperature or low values of oil viscosity conditions.
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Pham Trong, Hoa. "Analysis effects of oil viscosity and temperature on orbit of ring gear in internal gear motor and pump." Transport and Communications Science Journal 70, no. 3 (November 15, 2019): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/tcsj.70.3.23.
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Effect of oil temperature and viscosity on the ring gear orbit in the internal gear motor and pump is analyzed in this study. The mobility method is used to calculate the ring gear orbit. The mathematical model of oil viscosity and temperature is then integrated into the mobility method. The simulation results point out that the oil temperature and viscosity have great effect on the eccentricity, position angle and minimum oil film thickness. The metal - to - metal contact phenomenon occurs if internal gear motor and pump operates under high values of oil temperature or low values of oil viscosity conditions.
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IONICA, Ioana, Mircea MODREANU, Alexandru-Mihail MOREGA, and Cristian BOBOC. "STUDII DE TRANSFER DE CĂLDURĂ ÎN MAȘINI ELECTRICE UTILIZATE ÎN CONDIȚII DE FUNCȚIONARE SPECIALE." "ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS)" 2020, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2020.1.11.
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"This paper aims to analyze the heat transfer of a DC limited angle torque motor, in special conditions, of space. Three-dimensional models will be used and two current values will be considered. As a working hypothesis, several variants will be numerically analyzed in which the boundary conditions will take into account different values of the emissivity of the motor surfaces varying in the range 0.2 ÷ 1. Inside the motor subassemblies the heat transfer will be done by conduction and between the motor and the environment by radiation. Using thermal modeling, it will be possible to determine the time in which the winding temperature reaches the maximum value allowed for the DC limited angle torque motor, in space conditions. The approached motor presents specific technical aspects (constructive and functional) and novelty in the field of torque motors with limited angle. These types of motors are recommended for applications where both volume and weight are critical requirements. The applications of DC-LATM are diverse: in the fields of aerospace, military technique, medical etc. For special applications (eg aerospace) a redundant motor solution is required [7]. The motor is designed for applications that require rotation over a certain angular range, (the working domain of this motor is 45 ÷ 135°). The space industry is a field of maximum interest from a scientific, economic and strategic point of view. Compared to other fields, its growth in recent years is extraordinary, as evidenced by the availability of telecommunications services. The requirements of the motor given by the application in which it is used including the environmental conditions in which the motor operates will determine the input data of the heat transfer problem. There are two categories of requirements that are equally important: general (mechanical, thermal, electrical) and environmental (stability to vacuum and radiation, resistance to AO - atomic oxygen) etc. Also, several aspects must be considered, such as: environmental effects (LEO - Low Earth Orbit or GEO - Geostationary Orbit), constraints applicable to materials (temperature, vacuum, thermal cycles, chemical - corrosion, galvanic compatibility, atomic oxygen , moisture absorption / desorption, fluid compatibility), if materials will degrade over time, the system in which the product will be integrated, interfaces [8]. The heat transfer analysis addressed in this paper establishes the DC-LATM behavior from a thermal point of view in space conditions."
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Halsey, Jordan N., Ian C. Hoppe, Mark S. Granick, and Edward S. Lee. "A Single-Center Review of Radiologically Diagnosed Maxillofacial Fractures: Etiology and Distribution." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 10, no. 1 (February 2017): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597582.
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The etiology of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton varies among studies, with motor vehicle accidents and assaults oftentimes the most common. The number of males outnumbers females throughout most studies. Fractures of the zygoma, orbit, and mandible are usually cited as most common fracture types. This study examines a single center's experience with regards to etiology and distribution of fractures. A retrospective review of all radiologically confirmed facial fractures in a level 1 trauma center in an urban environment was performed for the years 2000 to 2012. Patient demographics, etiology of injury, and location of fractures were collected. During this time period, 2,998 patients were identified as having sustained a fracture of the facial skeleton. The average age was 36.9 years, with a strong male predominance (81.5%). The most common etiologies of injury were assault (44.9%) and motor vehicle accidents (14.9%). Throughout the study period, the number of fractures as a result of assault remained relatively constant, whereas the number as a result of motor vehicle accidents decreased slightly. The most common fracture observed was of the orbit, followed by mandible, nasal bones, zygoma, and frontal sinus. Patients sustaining a fracture as a result of assault were more likely to have a mandible fracture. Patients in motor vehicle accidents were more likely to suffer fractures of the maxilla, orbit, and frontal sinus. Mandible fractures are more common in cases of assault. Motor vehicle accidents convey a large force, which, when directed at the craniofacial skeleton, can cause a variety of fracture patterns. The decreasing number of fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents may represent improved safety devices such as airbags.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orbit Motor"
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De, Florio Sergio. "Precise autonomous orbit control in low earth orbit : from design to flight validation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4502/.
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The main purpose of this research is the analysis, development and implementation of a precise autonomous orbit control system for a spacecraft in low Earth orbit. This thesis work represents a step forward in the theoretical formalization and implementation of an on-board orbit maintenance system. Two main approaches are identified for the realization of an on-board orbit control system. The first is the reconsideration and further development of state-of-the-art orbit control methods from the perspective of autonomy. A step forward is then taken in the direction of the definition of a general and rigorous formalization of the autonomous orbit control problem. The problem of the autonomous absolute orbit control is considered as a specific case of two spacecraft in formation in which one, the reference, is virtual and affected only by the Earth's gravitational field. A new parametrization, the relative Earth-Fixed elements, analogous to the relative orbital elements used for formation control, is introduced to describe the relative motion of the real and reference sub-satellite points on the Earth surface. An extensive discussion is dedicated to the reference orbit selection and generation process and the analysis of the free motion of a spacecraft in low Earth orbit. The reference orbit defines the spacecraft's nominal trajectory designed to satisfy the mission requirements. The actual orbit is kept within certain bounds defined with respect to the reference orbit. The generation process of the reference orbit is dealt in detail as it is the fundamental starting point of the orbit control chain. The free motion analysis is essential to understand the orbit perturbation environment which causes the deviation of the actual from the nominal trajectory. The use of the precise orbit determination data of the missions PRISMA and TerraSAR-X guarantee the reliability of the results of this analysis and the understanding of the orbit's perturbation environments at an altitude of 700 and 500 km. This study helps the definition of a proper control strategy. The control algorithms developed in the thesis can be divided into the two broad categories of analytical and numerical. An analytical algorithm for the maintenance of a repeat-track orbit is developed from the state-of-the-art methods and new analytical formulations for the reference orbit acquisition under different constraints and requirements are presented. The virtual formation method for the absolute orbit control is formalized by means of the relative Earth-fixed elements described previously. The state-space representation is used for the mathematical formulation of the problem. A linear and a quadratic optimal regulators, based on this model, are designed for the in-plane and out-of-plane absolute orbit control. Numerical simulations are performed for the validation of the control methods. The test platform includes a very accurate orbit propagator, the flight software and allows the simulation of actuators and navigation errors. The simulation results are evaluated from a performance and operational point of view in order to formulate a first conclusion about the advantages and disadvantages of the different control techniques. The main differences between the considered analytical and numerical control methods are outlined. The practical implementation of a precise autonomous orbit control system for a spacecraft in low Earth orbit is then described in detail. The on-board guidance, navigation and control software development, implementation and testing of the PRISMA mission, to which the author of this thesis contributed, is described. The attention is focused on the technological aspects implied by the realization of the autonomous orbit control system tested in-flight with the autonomous orbit keeping experiment on PRISMA. Among the several innovative aspects of the flight software development, some space is dedicated to the advanced software validation and testing realized on the formation flying test-bed at DLR, the German Aerospace Center, which played a fundamental role in the realization of the PRISMA mission and its experiments. Finally, the flight results of the autonomous orbit keeping experiment on the PRISMA mission, a fundamental milestone of this research work, are presented. This in-flight experiment took place in the summer of 2011 and demonstrated the capability of autonomous precise absolute orbit control using the analytical control method developed in this thesis.
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Whalley, Stephen. "Precise orbit determination for GPS satellites." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14554/.
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The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) has been under development by the US Department of Defense since 1973. Although GPS was developed for precise instantaneous position and velocity determination, it can be used for high precision relative positioning, with numerous applications for both surveyors and geodesists. The high resolution of the satellite's carrier phase has enabled relative positioning accuracies of the order of one part per million to be routinely obtained, from only one or two hours of data. These accuracies are obtained using the broadcast ephemeris, which is the orbit data that is broadcast in the satellite's radio transmission. However, the broadcast ephemeris is estimated to be in error by up to twenty five metres and this error is one of the principle limitations for precise relative positioning with GPS. An alternative to the broadcast ephemeris, is to determine the satellite orbits using the carrier phase measurements, obtained from a network of GPS tracking stations. This thesis describes the algorithms and processing techniques used for the determination of GPS satellite orbits using double differenced carrier phase measurements. The data from three different GPS campaigns have been analysed, which demonstrate a GPS orbital accuracy of between two and four metres, giving baseline accuracies of the order of one or two parts in ten million.
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Farah, Ashraf Mohamed Ahmed. "GPS/Galileo simulation for reduced dynamic LEO satellite orbit determination." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11288/.
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have an endless number of applications in industry, science, military, transportation and recreation & sports. Two systems are currently in operation namely GPS (the USA Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (the Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System), and a third is planned, the European satellite navigation system GALILEO. The potential performance improvements achievable through combining these systems could be significant and expectations are high. Computer software can be used to simulate the overall process of GNSS (signal transmission and reception) and produce realistic simulated GNSS measurements. Using such simulated measurements, current and future GNSS systems and possible new applications of GNSS can be investigated. Thus data simulation is the perfect research tool in GNSS fields. Oceanography, is one application of GNSS, which requires position determination with a high accuracy. LEO satellites are used to measure the precise height of the sea surface for studying the dynamics of the world's oceans. Achieving maximum benefit from the altimetric data collected by LEO satellites requires a radial orbit accuracy of 10 cm, or better. It is in determining this orbit where GNSS may be utilised. GPS already delivers high quality position information for LEO satellite orbits such as Topex/Poseidon (1992- present). However LEO satellite orbits determination can still benefit from using GPS combined with GALILEO as there will be more visible satellites and a higher quality of measurements. Investigation of LEO satellite orbit determination using GPS or GALILEO or both systems requires GPS and GALILEO measurements. Due to the lack of real GALILEO measurements, as the system is still in development, the simulation of GPS and GALILEO measurements is required. In order to generate realistic simulated GPS and GALILEO data, the errors, which predominate in GNSS measurements, must be accurately modelled. During this research, it has been shown that it is possible to generate realistic simulated GPS data through the more realistic simulation of the ionospheric, tropospheric and multipath delays. Models with a high spatial resolution have been implemented to simulate the real behaviour of the ionosphere and troposphere. The behaviour of the resulting simulated GPS data is shown to follow the behaviour of real GPS data with a strong agreement. It has also been possible to generate GALILEO simulated data through modifying the simulation software using the GALELEO Design technical specifications. The potential impact of using GPS and GALILEO on LEO satellite orbit determination could be investigated on Topex/Poseidon mission which real GPS data was available from the beginning of this study. The performance of GPS, GALILEO, combined GPS/GALILEO and combined GPS-modernised/GALELEO constellations have been investigated in relation to the reduced dynamic orbit determination of the LEO satellite Topex/Poseidon. It can be concluded that the GALILEO constellation will provide high quality real time LEO satellite orbits compared with GPS. GALELEO constellation will provide slightly better quality real time LEO satellite orbits over the combined GPS-present/GALELEO constellation. However the best quality real time LEO satellite orbits will result from the combined GPS-modernised/GALILEO constellation.
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Pham, Trong Hoa [Verfasser]. "Analysis of the Ring Gear Orbit, Misalignment, and Stability Phenomenon for Internal Gear Motors and Pumps / Trong Hoa Pham." Aachen : Shaker, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161299289/34.
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Di, Federico Laura. "Dinamica dei due e/o pochi corpi: sistemi binari, sistema solare." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Lo scopo del seguente lavoro di tesi è fornire una comprensione generale del problema dei due corpi, addentrandosi nello specifico nel problema di Keplero da un punto di vista teorico e sperimentale. Il primo capitolo, partendo da una breve introduzione sullo scenario storico nel quale le leggi di Keplero sono state concepite, mira alla descrizione formale del problema, in meccanica analitica Lagrangiana. Viene definito il sistema di riferimento del centro di massa per semplificare lo studio del problema, si introducono il campo di forze centrale e i suoi integrali primi del moto. Si passa alla descrizione sul piano e allo studio dell’orbita. Enunciando il teorema di Bertrand ci si collega al problema di due corpi che interagiscono sotto l’azione di un potenziale gravitazionale, facendo particolare riferimento al moto su orbite ellittiche per arrivare alla formulazione della terza legge di Keplero. Si accenna il problema della precessione del perielio di Mercurio. L’ultima parte dell’elaborato si concentra su applicazioni pratiche: si vuole dimostrare l’importanza delle leggi di Keplero nella stima della velocità di un pianeta nella propria orbita e nella determinazione delle masse sia nel sistema solare, sia nei sistemi stellari binari.
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Pederzoli, Morgana Maria Elena. "Classificazione di orbite stellari in potenziali galattici: il metodo dell'integrale di correlazione applicato alle superfici di sezione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21929/.
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Con il seguente elaborato ci proponiamo di presentare un metodo per la classificazione di orbite nel contesto del problema della ricerca degli integrali del moto all’interno di potenziali galattici. Abbiamo visto come siano fortemente legati alle simmetrie del sistema considerato e come in certi casi essi non siano individuabili attraverso i metodi analitici della meccanica classica, ma sia necessario ricorrere a metodi di integrazione numerica. Abbiamo evidenziato le differenze tra i sistemi a simmetria sferica, dove gli integrali del moto sono tutti noti e analitici, e i sistemi a simmetria assiale, di cui, con i metodi classici, riusciamo a ricavare solamente due integrali del moto. Abbiamo mostrato come le osservazioni sul piano meridionale di orbite integrate in potenziali assi-simmetrici, abbiano permesso di dedurre in molti casi la presenza di un ulteriore integrale del moto. Ci siamo soffermati sulla classificazione delle orbite e sulla descrizione delle principali caratteristiche delle varie famiglie, evidenziando in particolare la differenza tra orbite regolari e orbite caotiche, per poi illustrare i principali metodi di classificazione di orbite noti in letteratura. Tra questi metodi una particolare attenzione è stata data a quelli basati sull’integrale di correlazione e alla superficie di sezione. Poiché quest’ultima, particolarmente significativa per i potenziali assi-simmetrici, nasce come metodo qualitativo, siccome richiede l'ispezione grafica della superficie di sezione stessa, ci siamo chiesti se fosse possibile riuscire ad applicare a essa un algoritmo di classificazione automatica sfruttando l’integrale di correlazione. Siamo riusciti a scrivere tale algoritmo e, per testarne la correttezza, abbiamo analizzato orbite integrate in un potenziale di Plummer shiftato. Tale analisi ha confermato la bontà del metodo.
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Martínez-García, Marina. "Statistical analysis of neural correlates in decision-making." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283111.
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We investigated the neuronal processes which occur during a decision-
making task based on a perceptual classi cation judgment.
For this purpose we have analysed three di erent experimental paradigms
(somatosensory, visual, and auditory) in two di erent species (monkey and
rat), with the common goal of shedding light into the information carried by
neurons.
In particular, we focused on how the information content is preserved in
the underlying neuronal activity over time. Furthermore we considered how
the decision, the stimuli, and the con dence are encoded in memory and,
when the experimental paradigm allowed it, how the attention modulates
these features. Finally, we went one step further, and we investigated the
interactions between brain areas that arise during the process of decision-
making.Durant aquesta tesi hem investigat els processos neuronals que es pro- dueixen durant tasques de presa de decisions, tasques basades en un ju- dici l ogic de classi caci o perceptual. Per a aquest prop osit hem analitzat tres paradigmes experimentals diferents (somatosensorial, visual i auditiu) en dues espcies diferents (micos i rates), amb l'objectiu d'il.lustrar com les neurones codi quen informaci on referents a les t asques. En particular, ens hem centrat en com certes informacions estan cod- i cades en l'activitat neuronal al llarg del temps. Concretament, com la informaci o sobre: la decisi o comportamental, els factors externs, i la con- ana en la resposta, b e codi cada en la mem oria. A m es a m es, quan el paradigma experimental ens ho va permetre, com l'atenci o modula aquests aspectes. Finalment, hem anat un pas m es enll a, i hem analitzat la comu- nicaci o entre les diferents arees corticals, mentre els subjectes resolien una tasca de presa de decisions.
Books on the topic "Orbit Motor"
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Study of Plasma Motor Generator (Pmg) Tether System for Orbit Reboost. Independently Published, 2018.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Study of plasma motor generator (PMG) tether system for orbit reboost: Final report. [Redondo Beach, Calif.?]: TRW, 1988.
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Kennard, Christopher. Ocular motor disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0274.
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This chapter discusses motor disorders of the eye. The first part of the chapter describes the proper examination of eye movements to facilitate identification of ocular motor disorder pathology. The effects of nerve palsies on ocular motor function are then described.Eye movement disorders can also have their cause in the central nervous system; both the brainstem, and cerebellum have been implicated as causal factors in some eye movement disorders. Disorders of the pupil, which affect the pupillary light reflex, can be caused by lesions to central, afferent and efferent pupillary pathways as well as sympathetic pathways lesions.Finally, this chapter describes diseases of the eye orbits, including dysthyroid eye disease, idiopathic orbital inflammation, orbital tumours, vascular disorders and orbital infections.
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Cohan, Steven. Imaginary Hollywood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865788.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the back-and-forth shifts in how backstudios have imagined Hollywood as the glamorous site of film production. It first looks at how Hollywood is imagined in early backstudios as a specific locale on or near Hollywood Boulevard and accessible by motor car or bus. This view gets complicated by Hollywood’s also being exemplified by the bounded studio compound, with its restrictiveness and regulation, personified by the guard at the front gate. Finally, by the 1940s, when a studio setting becomes synonymous with Hollywood regardless of its location in the Los Angeles area, Hollywood is rendered as a state of mind. It provides a principle of inclusion and exclusion, its mystique and industrial infrastructure protecting those within its orbit and, at the same time, exposing the marginality and vulnerability of those kept out. The multiple examples cited here range from Show People (1928) through La La Land (2016).
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Ferraiuolo, Laura, and Stephen J. Kolb. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0026.
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An overriding mystery of ALS pathogenesis orbits around the molecular basis of selective motor neuron vulnerability and clouds our view. There are likely mechanisms involved in the initiation of motor neuron loss and mechanisms involved in the progression of motor neuron loss once initiated. Motor neuron vulnerability is likely related to the unique biological characteristics of these cells. This chapter introduces central molecular pathways that appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, and highlights why dysregulation of these mechanisms could lead to motor neuron death. Indeed, there are likely mechanisms involved in the initiation of motor neuron loss and mechanisms involved in the progression of motor neuron loss once initiated. Our task is to determine those mechanisms that are relevant to ALS pathogenesis that may be targeted therapeutically to prevent onset and/or halt progression.
Book chapters on the topic "Orbit Motor"
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Leibold, A. F., and C. K. Rajasingh. "Optimal Injection into Near Synchronous Orbit by Three Apogee Motor Burns Accounting for Operational Constraints and Execution Errors." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 413–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4732-0_39.
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Roy, Debanshu, Amit Kumar, Rathindranath Maiti, and Prasanta Kumar Das. "Effects of Varied Orifice Area Gradient in Flow Distribution on Chamber Pressures in ORBIT Motors." In Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science, 873–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20131-9_87.
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Leigh, R. John, and David S. Zee. "The Ocular Motor Periphery." In The Neurology of Eye Movements, 24–54. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199969289.003.0002.
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This chapter reviews contributions of orbital tissues and extraocular muscles (EOM) to the control of eye movements. The anatomy of the orbit, fascia, fibromuscular pulleys, and EOM are described and related to the kinematics of 3-D eye rotations. Current concepts of the embryology of the EOM and their unique and diverse characteristics are described, suggesting why they are more vulnerable to certain neuromuscular disorders and less susceptible to others, compared with skeletal muscles. Electrophysiological properties of different EOM fiber types (and their motor neuron innervation) are contrasted, describing new models that attempt to account for nonlinear mechanical properties of the orbit. The substrate and roles of extraocular proprioception in the control of eye movements are summarized and related to clinical disorders affecting EOM. The anatomy of the cranial nerves supplying the EOM is summarized, diagrammed and highlighted to aid diagnosis of common palsies of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves.
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Jordan, David, Louise Mawn, and Richard L. Anderson. "Orbital Nerves." In Surgical Anatomy of the Ocular Adnexa. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199744268.003.0012.
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The orbit contains a vast array of motor, sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nerve fibers. Some of these fibers can be seen during eyelid or orbital surgery and are often landmarks of one’s location within the orbit. It is important to know the various nerve pathways, appreciate that there might be some individual variation, and preserve these pathways during orbital surgery. The discussion of nerves begins with their superficial brainstem origin, proceeds to their intracranial course, and ends with their intraorbital course and eventual termination. The following nerves enter the orbit: 1. Optic nerve (cranial nerve II). 2. Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). This motor nerve gives fibers to the levator, inferior oblique, and three of the four rectus muscles. It carries parasympathetic fibers destined for the ciliary ganglion. These fibers will eventually synapse in the ciliary ganglion and then travel to the iris sphincter muscles (sphincter pupillae). Sympathetic fibers have also been recently identified in this nerve. 3. Trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV). This motor nerve distributes fibers to the superior oblique muscle. Sympathetic fibers have recently been identified within this nerve. 4. Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). a. Ophthalmic division (V 1 ) . This sensory division gives fibers to the eyeball (iris, ciliary body, cornea), lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and eyelids, as well as to the forehead. It also carries sympathetic nerves. b. Maxillary division (V 2 ) . As it enters the orbit, the maxillary division is known as the infraorbital nerve and lies beneath the periorbita. It gives off the zygomatic nerve, which is an important branch carrying parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland. Within the infraorbital canal, alveolar nerves arise and provide sensation to the incisor and canine teeth. The infraorbital nerve provides sensation to the lower eyelid, nose, cheek area, and upper lip. 5. Abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI). This motor nerve goes to the lateral rectus muscle. Sympathetic fibers have recently been identified within this nerve.
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Wong, Agnes. "Nuclear and Infranuclear Ocular Motor Disorders." In Eye Movement Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195324266.003.0021.
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Binocular diplopia is usually caused by strabismus, whereas monocular diplopia is usually caused by ocular diseases. Incomitant diplopia is usually caused by an acquired strabismus resulting from abnormal innervation or mechanical restriction. The oculomotor (third) nerve: ■ Innervates the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae muscles ■ Carries parasympathetic fibers to the iris sphincter and the ciliary body. ■ Common causes of third nerve palsy: Adults: aneurysms, vascular disease (including ischemia, diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory arteritis), trauma, migraine Children: birth trauma, accidental trauma, neonatal hypoxia, migraine The third nerve originates from the oculomotor nucleus complex, which lies at the ventral border of the periaqueductal gray matter in the midbrain. The nerve fascicle passes ventrally through the medial longitudinal fasciculus, the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the substantia nigra, and finally emerges from the cerebral peduncle to form the oculomotor nerve trunk, which lies between the superior cerebellar and posterior cerebral arteries. The nerve then passes through the subarachnoid space, running beneath the free edge of the tentorium. It continues lateral to the posterior communicating artery and below the temporal lobe uncus, where it runs over the petroclinoid ligament. It pierces the dura mater at the top of the clivus to enter the cavernous sinus. Within the cavernous sinus, the nerve runs along the lateral wall of the sinus together with the trochlear nerve and the ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) divisions of the trigeminal nerve. As it leaves the cavernous sinus, it divides into the superior and inferior divisions, which pass through the superior orbital fissure, and enters the orbit within the annulus of Zinn. Within the orbit, the smaller superior division runs lateral to the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery and supplies the superior rectus and levator palpebrae muscles. The larger inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles, as well as the iris sphincter and ciliary body.
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Olivio, Adilson Pedro. "Comparison of the Problem of Optimizing the Trajectory of a Spacecraft with a Perfectly Adjustable Engine for Two- And Three-Channel Control in the Vicinity of a Circular Orbit." In Principles of the New Ecosystem Formation: Multicultural Space, 120–27. Publishing house Sreda, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-102734.
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Within the framework of this work, a comparison of the problem of optimizing the trajectory of a spacecraft with an ideally controlled engine for two- and three-channel control in the vicinity of a circular orbit is proposed. New approaches are introduced to optimize the trajectories of spacecraft in closed form for two- and three-channel control. The Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations are used to describe the motion of the spacecraft in the vicinity of a circular orbit. To solve the optimal control problem, the maximum principle is used. The results of the trajectory optimization problem for two- and three-channel control are compared. Numerical examples of optimal trajectories with an ideally regulated motor in the vicinity of a circular one are given.
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Wesley, Ralph E. "Management of Facial Palsy." In Surgery of the Eyelid, Lacrimal System, and Orbit. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195340211.003.0017.
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Facial palsy can devastate patients. Facial appearance can be grossly distorted by the sagging of half the face, often accompanied by drooling of food and saliva from the paralyzed lip. Blurred vision and ocular pain from exposure and dryness may interfere with the patient’s ability to perform an occupation or interact socially. Many patients with facial palsy experience depression or severe discouragement. Effective management of ocular problems by the ophthalmologist can have a profound effect on the patient’s rehabilitation. The ophthalmologist managing facial palsy should be aware of wide-ranging choices in the medical and surgical armamentarium to treat facial palsy. This chapter describes the varying clinical dimensions of facial palsy so that treatment can be individualized for effective management. The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) has four important functions: 1. The facial motor nucleus controls muscles of facial expression, including the orbicularis oculi. 2. The superior salivatory nucleus sends parasympathetic fibers for lacrimal gland secretion and salivary secretion. 3. The nucleus solitarius receives sensory fibers of taste for the anterior two thirds of the tongue. 4. The trigeminal sensory nucleus receives sensory fibers for a small portion of the external ear. Facial motor fibers constitute about 58% of the 7,000 fibers of the facial nerve, while preganglionic fibers for tearing and salivation represent about 24%. The facial nerve leaves the cerebellopontine angle caudal to the trigeminal nerve adjacent to the nervus intermedius and then enters the internal auditory canal of the temporal bone. Large lesions of cranial nerve VII or VIII may cause loss of corneal sensation from pressure on the trigeminal nerve. The 30-mm course through the temporal bone is the longest interosseous course of any cranial nerve, which makes the facial nerve vulnerable to swelling. Three branches leave the facial nerve within the temporal bone. The first, and most important, arises at the geniculate ganglion just as the nerve makes a sharp bend, or genu, to head posteriorly. These fibers for lacrimal and palatine gland secretion constitute the greater superficial petrosal nerve carrying lacrimal secretory fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion.
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Jordan, David, Louise Mawn, and Richard L. Anderson. "The Extraocular Muscles." In Surgical Anatomy of the Ocular Adnexa. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199744268.003.0011.
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Whereas skeletal muscles generally perform specific limited roles, extraocular muscles (EOMs) have to be responsive over a wider dynamic range. As a result, EOMs have fundamentally distinct structural, functional, biochemical, and immunological properties as compared to other skeletal muscles. At birth, the extraocular muscles are at approximately 50 % to 60 % of their final dimension. Their relative growth within the enlarging orbit and their angular relations with the globe remain nearly constant from infancy to adulthood. The adult rectus muscles are approximately the same length (40 mm) but differ in thickness and in the length of their tendons. There are six extrinsic, or extraocular, muscles of the eye: four recti and two obliques. Only the horizontal and vertical recti insert on the eyeball in front of its equator. Both obliques have their insertions behind the equator of the globe. All six muscles consist of striated muscle fibers with abundant elastic fibers. The EOMs have muscle fibers and innervations that differ from those of skeletal muscle. There are three distinct types of muscle fibers (fine, granular, and coarse) that contribute to the action of the EOMs. The fine fibers are thought to be responsible for slow twitch movements, the granular fibers for fast twitch movements, and the coarse fibers for slow tonic movements. The EOMs are more richly innervated than other voluntary muscles of the body and have three types of nerve terminals: single endplate (driving eye movements), multiple endplates (tonic tension), and palisade endings (can be sensory receptors). In addition, there are both singly and multiply innervated nerve fibers present. EOMs are able to vary their contractile force by small increments. The maximum firing frequency of ocular motor units is about four times greater than those of limb muscle motor units. To allow them to operate at a higher frequency, EOMs also have faster contractile properties, with their time to peak tension and their one-half relaxation time being at least half of those in limb muscles.
Conference papers on the topic "Orbit Motor"
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Jens, Elizabeth, Ashley C. Karp, Barry Nakazono, Daniel B. Eldred, Matthew E. DeVost, and David Vaughan. "Design of a Hybrid CubeSat Orbit Insertion Motor." In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4961.
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Bueno, Atila Madureira, Angelo Marcelo Tusset, João Paulo Martins dos Santos, Masayoshi Tsuchida, and José Manuel Balthazar. "SDRE Control Applied to an Electromechanical Pendulum Excited by a Non-Ideal Motor." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12676.
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The dynamical behavior of an electromechanical pendulum system is analyzed by means of the classical perturbation theory. A frequency response model of the system is obtained, and the number of unstable poles are determined with the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Numerical simulations show that the system presents nonlinear behavior such as hysteresis, with hard and soft characteristics, and the Sommerfeld effect in the resonance region. In order to keep the oscillations of the electromechanical system in a pre-defined amplitude range a control strategy is designed. The SDRE control strategy is used considering two control signals, a feedback control that tracks the system to a desired periodic orbit, and a nonlinear feedforward control that holds the system to that desired periodic orbit. Additionally, the robustness of the control technique is tested for parametric uncertainties. Numerical simulations show the efficiency of the control strategy.
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HAMLYN, K., D. MCGRATH, and M. LARA. "Venus orbit insertion of the Magellan spacecraft using a Thiokol STAR 48B rocket motor." In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1853.
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Canfield, Stephen L., Marshall A. Norris, Seth V. Knight, and Kirk F. Sorensen. "Dynamic Testing and Model Validation of a Capture Mechanism for Rendezvous Between a Space Tether and Payload." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99594.
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Momentum eXchange Electrodynamic Reboost, or MXER, tether systems have been proposed to serve as an “upper stage in space” [1]. A MXER tether station would boost spacecraft from low Earth orbit to a high-energy orbit quickly, like a high-thrust rocket. Then, using the same principles that make an electric motor work, it would slowly rebuild its orbital momentum by pushing against the Earth’s magnetic field without using any propellant. One of the significant challenges in developing a momentum-exchange / electrodynamic reboost tether system is in the analysis and design of the capture mechanism and its effects on the overall dynamics of the system [2]. A capture mechanism that provides nearly passive operation is presented and described in [3] and led to the fabrication of a prototype article of this mechanism. This paper will describe the process of testing this prototype in a dynamically similar environment and validating an associated dynamic model. The primary contributions of this paper will be a description of the proposed capture mechanism concept and associated testing process and the validation of a dynamic model of this mechanism.
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Brewer, W. V. "Full-Wave Bi-Directional Rotation-Rectifier to Assist Robotic End-Effectors in the Automated Assembly of Large Truss Structures in Space." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0253.
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Abstract In 1987 work was initiated on the Automated Structural Assembly Laboratory (ASAL) at NASA/LaRC to demonstrate the feasibility of robotic construction in orbit. To move itself as the structure grows, the robot is mounted on a carriage that traverses a beam which moves longitudinally, similar to a gantry crane. Gantry motions will be operated by the self-sufficient robot with its wrist roll motion. Interfaces for the robot at each gantry motor shaft are provided for that purpose. Wrist roll is limited by the large and growing number of wires that must communicate thru the wrist joint to connect the end-effector to power, sensory devices, and computation services. Rotation-Rectifiers applied to robot mobility simplify the end-effector to motor shaft interface, reduce the number of interface operations that must be performed, and convert oscillating robot wrist roll motions to continuous rotation in either direction.
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Bhide, R. S., and V. K. Kaila. "Design and In-Orbit Performance of the Heat Shield Insulation for Liquid Apogee Motor of INSAT-2A and INSAT-2B." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/941585.
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Shirai, Katsuaki, Lars Büttner, Jürgen Czarske, and Carsten Kykal. "A New Calibration Method and Device for Certified Flow Measurements With Laser Velocimetry." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-93100.
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We aim to establish traceability at calibration and hence to enable a certified flow measurement with a calibrated measurement system. A new calibration method is presented for laser velocimetry. We develop a simple, unique method which establishes traceability of its uncertainty. The device is transportable and calibratable by any users for their own instruments on-site. Our new method requires only a rotating disk and a precision linear stage providing positional information. In former calibration methods, the uncertainty of the orbit radius of a scattering object was dominant due to the difficulty of accessing the true center of the rotation. The diffuculty was solved in our new method. The new method provides an accurate estimate of the orbit radius and hence the velocity of the calibration object through a linear regression. The calibration constant is obtained even without the need of direct access to the absolute value of the rotation radius. The uncertainty budget is examined throughout the calibration procedure. The traceability chain is established once the traceabilities are maintained to the translation stage and the motor used for rotating the calibration disk. The new method has been realized with three different calibration setups and their performances were investigated. We demonstrate that the new calibration method can achieve uncertainty down to 0.1%.
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Hawkins, Lawrence, Patrick McMullen, and Vinh Vuong. "Development and Testing of the Backup Bearing System for an AMB Energy Storage Flywheel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28290.
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A 140 kW energy storage flywheel has been developed to provide 15 seconds of ride-through power for industrial UPS applications. The flywheel, which operates in a vacuum, is supported by Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB) to minimize bearing losses, and has a high power motor/generator coupled to an efficient power conversion module. The backup bearing system was tested extensively due to the potential for very long spin down times in the event of a failure in or loss of power to the magnetic bearing system. Key issues encountered during testing are discussed and solutions identified. High fidelity orbit and time-history data from a full speed drop and spin down are presented and discussed in detail. The final backup bearing system is capable of three 2.75 hour spin downs from 36,000 rpm.
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Czech, Manuel, and Ulrich Walter. "Industrial Verification of Piezo Motors on a CubeSat Based Verification Platform." In CANEUS 2006: MNT for Aerospace Applications. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/caneus2006-11084.
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Due to the classification of technologies in NASA’s and ESA’s technology readiness levels, newly developed components have to be space proven before they can be utilized in space missions. This space prove can be adduced by sending these technologies to orbit either as experiment on a piggyback flight or a dedicated mission. Over the last years the size of technologies and satellites has shifted to much smaller sizes. In this paper, the possibility of industrial verification of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) applications using dedicated pico-satellite missions is examined. Based on the CubeSat concept, a technology verification platform can be realized for verification of not only pico-satellite components, but also of components of complex systems and missions. Therefore a platform fulfilling the requirements for such industrial verification of components named MOVE (Munich Orbital Verification Experiment) is developed at the Institute of Astronautics (LRT). This platform enables professional verification of MEMS technology and techniques at overall mission costs of less than 100k€. As a first application of this approach, a mission called π-MOVE (π for piezo) will verify piezo motors on the developed platform. These piezo motors are representative for components of complex systems, as this motor concept is considered to be key technology for future segmented mirror telescope missions. In the mission design process for this platform, strong emphasis is put on the robustness of the design, low complexity and realizability within the institute’s environment. The advantages through access to both university and industry resources will be taken. The feasibility of professional technology verification is highly dependent on the test plans, which are developed in cooperation with the experienced industrial partners.
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Wang, Fengchen, and Yan Chen. "Vehicle Rollover Prevention Through a Novel Active Rollover Preventer." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5146.
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To assist vehicle rollover prevention and enhance vehicle roll motion safety, this paper proposes a novel active rollover preventer (ARPer) system, which consists of an in-wheel motor system moving along an orbit at the back of a vehicle. The roll and lateral dynamics of the vehicle equipped with the ARPer are modeled and mechanics analysis of the ARPer is presented as well. Based on the developed models, a Lyapunov nonlinear controller is designed for tracking a desired roll angle and a yaw rate when the impending rollover is detected. For a typical fishhook maneuver, two simulation cases are studied for different vehicle roof cargo loads, which represents different vehicle rollover properties without control. The CarSim®-Simulink co-simulation results show that compared with active front steering and differential braking control strategies, the APRer can successfully prevent the rollover propensity and maintain the vehicle lateral stability simultaneously.