Relevant bibliographies by topics / Orb weavers – Genetics

Academic literature on the topic 'Orb weavers – Genetics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Orb weavers – Genetics"

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Dimitrov, Dimitar, Lara Lopardo, Gonzalo Giribet, Miquel A. Arnedo, Fernando Álvarez-Padilla, and Gustavo Hormiga. "Tangled in a sparse spider web: single origin of orb weavers and their spinning work unravelled by denser taxonomic sampling." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1732 (November 2, 2011): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2011.

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In order to study the tempo and the mode of spider orb web evolution and diversification, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using six genetic markers along with a comprehensive taxon sample. The present analyses are the first to recover the monophyly of orb-weaving spiders based solely on DNA sequence data and an extensive taxon sample. We present the first dated orb weaver phylogeny. Our results suggest that orb weavers appeared by the Middle Triassic and underwent a rapid diversification during the end of the Triassic and Early Jurassic. By the second half of the Jurassic, most of the extant orb-weaving families and web designs were already present. The processes that may have given origin to this diversification of lineages and web architectures are discussed. A combination of biotic factors, such as key innovations in web design and silk composition, as well as abiotic environmental changes, may have played important roles in the diversification of orb weavers. Our analyses also show that increased taxon sampling density in both ingroups and outgroups greatly improves phylogenetic accuracy even when extensive data are missing. This effect is particularly important when addition of character data improves gene overlap.
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Fernández, Rosa, Gustavo Hormiga, and Gonzalo Giribet. "Phylogenomic Analysis of Spiders Reveals Nonmonophyly of Orb Weavers." Current Biology 24, no. 15 (August 2014): 1772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.035.

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Eggs, Benjamin, and Dirk Sanders. "Herbivory in Spiders: The Importance of Pollen for Orb-Weavers." PLoS ONE 8, no. 11 (November 29, 2013): e82637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082637.

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Simpson, Julie H., and Benjamin L. de Bivort. "Orb weavers: Patterns in the movement sequences of spider web construction." Current Biology 31, no. 22 (November 2021): R1467—R1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.066.

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Whaite, Alessandra D., Tianfang Wang, Joanne Macdonald, and Scott F. Cummins. "Major ampullate silk gland transcriptomes and fibre proteomes of the golden orb-weavers, Nephila plumipes and Nephila pilipes (Araneae: Nephilidae)." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): e0204243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204243.

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Chamberland, Lisa, Fabian C. Salgado-Roa, Alma Basco, Amanda Crastz-Flores, Greta J. Binford, and Ingi Agnarsson. "Phylogeography of the widespread Caribbean spiny orb weaver Gasteracantha cancriformis." PeerJ 8 (April 30, 2020): e8976. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8976.

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Background Modern molecular analyses are often inconsistent with pre-cladistic taxonomic hypotheses, frequently indicating higher richness than morphological taxonomy estimates. Among Caribbean spiders, widespread species are relatively few compared to the prevalence of single island endemics. The taxonomic hypothesis Gasteracantha cancriformis circumscribes a species with profuse variation in size, color and body form. Distributed throughout the Neotropics, G. cancriformis is the only morphological species of Gasteracantha in the New World in this globally distributed genus. Methods We inferred phylogenetic relationships across Neotropical populations of Gasteracantha using three target genes. Within the Caribbean, we estimated genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among island populations. Results Our findings revealed a single widespread species of Gasteracantha throughout the Caribbean, G. cancriformis, while suggesting two recently divergent mainland populations that may represent separate species, diverging linages, or geographically isolated demes. The concatenated and COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) phylogeny supported a Caribbean clade nested within the New World. Genetic variability was high between island populations for our COI dataset; however, gene flow was also high, especially between large, adjacent islands. We found structured genetic and morphological variation within G. cancriformis island populations; however, this variation does not reflect genealogical relationships. Rather, isolation by distance and local morphological adaptation may explain the observed variation.
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Welke, Klaas W., and Jutta M. Schneider. "Males of the orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi sacrifice themselves to unrelated females." Biology Letters 6, no. 5 (April 21, 2010): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0214.

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Costs of inbreeding can lead to total reproductive failure and inbreeding avoidance is, therefore, common. In classical sex roles with no paternal care, the selective pressure to avoid inbreeding is mostly on the female, which carries the higher costs. In some orb-web spiders, this situation is very different because females are polyandrous and males are monogynous or at most bigynous. Additionally, females of many entelegyne orb weavers are thought to bias paternity post-copulatorily towards a desired mate. This increases the selective pressure on males to adjust their investment in a mating with regard to the compatibility to a female. Here, we examine whether genetic relatedness influences mating behaviour in the orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi . We mated either a sibling or a non-sibling male to a female in single copulation trials and compared copulation duration, cannibalism rate and female fecundity. Our experiment revealed that males prolonged their copulation duration and were cannibalized more frequently when mating with a non-sibling female. Males mating with a sibling female were more likely to escape cannibalism by copulating briefly, thus presumably increasing their chances of re-mating with a more compatible female. This suggests that males can adaptively adjust their investment relating to the compatibility of a female.
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Henriques, Sergio, and Olga Sivell. "The genome sequence of the cave orb-weaver, Meta bourneti (Simon, 1922)." Wellcome Open Research 7 (December 22, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18638.1.

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We present a genome assembly from an individual male Meta bourneti (the cave orb-weaver; Arthropoda; Arachnida; Araneae; Tetragnathidae). The genome sequence is 1,383 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including half coverage of two X sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.8 kilobases long.
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Li, Chao, Zheng-Liang Wang, Wen-Yuan Fang, and Xiao-Ping Yu. "The complete mitochondrial genome of the orb-weaver spider Cyclosa argenteoalba Boes. et Str. (Araneae: Araneidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part A 27, no. 4 (May 28, 2015): 2537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1038793.

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Correa-Garhwal, Sandra M., Paul L. Babb, Benjamin F. Voight, and Cheryl Y. Hayashi. "Golden orb-weaving spider (Trichonephila clavipes) silk genes with sex-biased expression and atypical architectures." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaa039.

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Abstract Spider silks are renowned for their high-performance mechanical properties. Contributing to these properties are proteins encoded by the spidroin (spider fibroin) gene family. Spidroins have been discovered mostly through cDNA studies of females based on the presence of conserved terminal regions and a repetitive central region. Recently, genome sequencing of the golden orb-web weaver, Trichonephila clavipes, provided a complete picture of spidroin diversity. Here, we refine the annotation of T. clavipes spidroin genes including the reclassification of some as non-spidroins. We rename these non-spidroins as spidroin-like (SpL) genes because they have repetitive sequences and amino acid compositions like spidroins, but entirely lack the archetypal terminal domains of spidroins. Insight into the function of these spidroin and SpL genes was then examined through tissue- and sex-specific gene expression studies. Using qPCR, we show that some silk genes are upregulated in male silk glands compared to females, despite males producing less silk in general. We also find that an enigmatic spidroin that lacks a spidroin C-terminal domain is highly expressed in silk glands, suggesting that spidroins could assemble into fibers without a canonical terminal region. Further, we show that two SpL genes are expressed in silk glands, with one gene highly evolutionarily conserved across species, providing evidence that particular SpL genes are important to silk production. Together, these findings challenge long-standing paradigms regarding the evolutionary and functional significance of the proteins and conserved motifs essential for producing spider silks.
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Book chapters on the topic "Orb weavers – Genetics"

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Clark, Robin D., and Cynthia J. Curry. "Overgrowth." In Genetic Consultations in the Newborn, edited by Robin D. Clark and Cynthia J. Curry, 17–24. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199990993.003.0003.

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This chapter reviews information on disorders that cause large birth weight, macrosomia, and/or segmental overgrowth. The most common of these conditions is seen in infants of diabetic mothers. Abnormal dosage of growth regulating genes make chromosomal microarray abnormalities a relatively common cause of overgrowth. Particularly notable is the distinctive Pallister Killian syndrome (12p tetrasomy). Other common overgrowth syndromes include Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Sotos, Malan, and Weaver syndromes. The RASopathy syndromes including Noonan syndrome* and Costello syndrome are also often large at birth. Segmental overgrowth syndromes including Proteus and Klippel Trenaunay as well as PIK3CA related overgrowth (PROS) are discussed as well as their somatic mosaic origin in affected tissues. Clinical guidelines for evaluation and surveillance are outlined. The clinical case presentation features an infant with Sotos syndrome.
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Conference papers on the topic "Orb weavers – Genetics"

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Eiliat, Hasti, and Ruth Jill Urbanic. "Using Genetic Algorithms to Optimize the Build Orientation for Fused Deposition Modeled Components Containing Internal Reinforcement Structures." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37683.

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an additive fabrication process that builds a part from extruded filaments of a melted thermoplastic. Typically, the parts are built using a ‘solid’ (complete fill) or ‘shell’ (3–4 mm external boundary with a loose internal weave) strategy. The introduction of parametric internal structures to support the required tensile or compressive loads provides an intermediate solution to the standard build options, and reduces the material usage while reinforcing the part as required. The internal structures can have a hexagonal, pyramidal, or orthogonal configuration. Because of the configuration variation, the internal structure form arrangement and geometric structure will influence the optimal build orientation. This will have an effect on the productivity or build time, mechanical properties such as strength, surface finish, materials usage and the total build cost. This paper presents a model to optimize the orientation of a part for FDM fabrication while considering these various factors. The CAD part model (in STL format) is an input to the system. A genetic algorithm is used to obtain optimum orientation of the parts for FDM. The objective function for optimization is considered a weighted average of the performance measures such as build time, part quality, material usage, surface finish, interior geometry, strength characteristics, and related parameters. The merits of the approach will be demonstrated using models with varying levels of complexity. The final model tested consists of a human tibia.
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