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1

Martínez, Montesinos Darío. "Pedro Juan Perpiñán. Vida y Obra : oratoria y poesía latina. (Elche 1530-París 1566)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277329.

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Esta tesis doctoral presenta los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo sobre la obra del orador y profesor de retórica Pedro Juan Perpiñán (Elche 1530-París 1566) perteneciente a la Compañía de Jesús, (CJ), y pone de relieve su importancia, dimensión y trascendencia dentro de la CJ en sus inicios y en la oratoria del siglo XVI. El trabajo realizado contiene y desarrolla los siguientes aspectos: 1.- Estudio, actualización, redimensión y contextualización de la figura de P. J. Perpiñán dentro de la CJ y en la Europa del segundo tercio del siglo XVI. Hemos realizado un estudio y análisis crítico de las fuentes que hasta nuestros días han venido transmitiendo los datos biográficos, y de documentos y manuscritos hasta el día de hoy desconocidos e inéditos, que nos ha permitido: presentar una biografía con análisis crítico de fuentes, elaborar una genealogía, conocer su formación intelectual y situar su obra dentro del humanismo jesuita. 2.- Estudio y catalogación de su obra producida como profesor, orador y escritor: A.Obra editada. Estudio crítico de las ediciones de la obra de Perpiñán: identificación, origen, motivación y trascendencia. Ofrecemos una catalogación de la obra publicada desde el siglo XVI. Por otra parte, presentamos la localización y el estudio sistematizado de los manuscritos de donde se extrajeron las obras publicadas. B.Obra no editada. Presentamos una catalogación y estudio de los manuscritos hallados en diferentes archivos de Roma y Lisboa. B.1.Tratado retórico. Confirmamos la existencia de la obra retórica del jesuita ilicitano que se consideraba desaparecida y que se encuentra fragmentada en numerosos manuscritos de distintos archivos de Roma. Ofrecemos el esquema completo de esta retórica reconstruida a partir de todos los manuscritos, indicando sus partes y dónde se localiza cada una de ellas. 3.- Estudio de su obra poética. Tras el descubrimiento de varios manuscritos inéditos con distintas piezas poéticas, presentamos una primera edición crítica latina de su obra poética con traducción al español y análisis histórico y literario. 4.- Estudio de producción oratoria, motivo por el que ha sido más conocido en Europa. Hemos realizado un estudio sistemático de su producción con el fin de establecer por qué se convirtió en modelo oratorio dentro de la CJ, cómo su obra gozó de tal prestigio que se tradujo en una cantidad inusualmente elevada de ediciones hasta el siglo XVIII. Ofrecemos una catalogación de su producción oratoria, teniendo en cuenta dónde, cuándo y a propósito de qué se produjeron esos discursos. Nos hemos centrado en sus discursos producidos en Roma por ser los más representativos e importantes de su producción. Hemos realizado una traducción de cuatro de ellos, aunque nos hemos centrado en el análisis de los dos más representativos que pronunció en Roma el 31 de octubre de 1561, De arte rhetorica discenda, y el 6 de noviembre de 1564, De avita dicendi laude recuperanda. En ellos encontramos la visión de Perpiñán sobre la retórica, visión que defendió la CJ en sus inicios. El análisis de su concepto de la retórica muestra claramente los principales rasgos de la pedagogía jesuita y de la importancia que ejercía la retórica en su plan de estudio, al tiempo que recoge el tratamiento y la justificación teológica de la cultura clásica frente a otros posicionamientos dentro de la Iglesia. Presentamos una edición latina actualizada y una traducción al español de ambos discursos. Posteriormente presentamos un estudio y un análisis cultural del discurso atendiendo al modelo seguido, contexto histórico, tradición en la que se enmarca y tratamiento de los modelos clásicos.
This dissertation presents the results of our research on Pedro Juan Perpiñán (Elche 1530-Paris 1566), member of the Society of Jesus (SJ), and his work as orator and professor of Rhetoric, and emphasizes his importance, dimension and significance at the beginning of the SJ and his prominent role in Latin Oratory during the second half of the Sixteenth century. Our research develops and consists of the following aspects: 1.- An updated study and contextualization of P. J. Perpiñán in the SJ and within the context of Europe during the second half of the Sixteenth century. We have carried out a study and critical analysis of the biographical sources; many of these documents and manuscripts are unknown and unpublished until today. That is why, we can offer a critical biography and a genealogy of the Spanish humanist. In addition, this analysis allows us to know his intellectual background and to place his work within the Jesuit Humanism. 2.- Study and catalogue of his work as a professor, orator and writer: A. Published works. Critical study of his editions: identification, origin, cause and importance. We offer a catalogue of his published works from the 16th century onwards. Furthermore, we tried to identify and study in depth the manuscripts on which the published works were probably based. B. Unpublished work. Our research includes a catalogue and a study of the manuscripts found in different libraries of Portugal and Italy, especially in Rome. B.1. Ars rhetorica. We can confirm the existence of an Ars rhetorica composed by P. J. Perpiñán. This work has been missing until today. It is fragmented in different manuscripts preserved in Roman Archives. In this research we attempted to reconstruct the complete scheme of this Ars rhetorica, identifying the parts of his Rhetoric and tracing the manuscripts that have transmitted each of these parts. 3.- Study of his poetry. After discovering some unpublished manuscripts containing poems written by P. J.Perpiñán, we have published, for the first time, a critical edition of some of his poems, with a Spanish translation and a historical and literary analysis. 4.-Study of his speeches. His orations made him acquire great reputation in Europe in the middle of the 16th century. We have carried out a systematic research on his Latin oratory, trying to give answers to some questions about why he became a model for religious oratory in the SJ and why his works were so successful, resulting in a high number of editions of his speeches during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in Europe. We attempted to catalog his oratorical works, paying special attention to where, when and why his speeches were delivered. We have focused our research on his Roman speeches, since they are, in our opinion, the most representative ones. We have also translated four of his orationes, concentrating on the analysis of two of these orations which were given in Rome in October 1561 (De arte rhetorica discenda) and in November 1564 (De avita dicendi laude recuperanda), respectively. These speeches reflect the rhetorical thinking of P. J. Perpiñán and, consequently, that of the SJ: his concept of rhetoric is consistent with the principles of Jesuit pedagogy and with the prominent role of Rhetoric in the curriculum of the SJ. At the same time, his speeches deal with the theological justification of the Classical Culture, opposed to other views within the Roman Catholic Church. In our dissertation we tried to elaborate an updated Latin edition and a Spanish translation of both orationes. Finally, we carried out a cultural analysis of these speeches, focusing on their literary sources, the historical context, and Perpiñán’s way of adapting the Classsical Tradition into the new historical setting.
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2

Acconcia, Antonio. "Le orazioni de lege agraria di M. Tullio Cicerone." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/161.

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2005 - 2006
Il lavoro di ricerca si è strutturato su tre direttrici distinte, ma complementari: 1. Quadro storico Si è proceduto all'elaborazione di un quadro storico-legislativo, al fine di delineare valore e significato delle tre orazioni ciceroniane. In particolare, sulla base del proemio del secondo discorso, si è tracciato un excursus sul consolato di Cicerone, mettendo in evidenza come l'oratore valuti l'importanza della propria affermazione elettorale e del proprio ruolo di consul popularis e di homo novus, rappresentandosi immediatamente - le orazioni agrarie costituiscono il primo atto ufficiale di Cicerone console - come figura politica a servizio del popolo in netta contrapposizione con Rullo, proponente, secondo Cicerone, di una riforma agraria a favore di una ristretta élite. Si è cercato infine di rimarcare come l'affermazione elettorale di Cicerone non fosse il risultato dell'appoggio e del favore delle classi popolari, ma, in realtà, frutto di una serie di compromessi e accordi con la classe degli ottimati. Un ulteriore approfondimento è stato dedicato ad una breve rassegna storica degli interventi legislativi in materia di riforma agraria susseguitisi a Roma dalle origini fino all'età ciceroniana, soffermandosi in particolare sulla riforma graccana: l'esame della figura e dell'operato dei Gracchi è infatti necessario per poter comprendere e analizzare, nella successiva fase di commento, il giudizio estremamente ambiguo di Cicerone nei confronti della principale riforma agraria a Roma. 2. Tradizione e fortuna del testo Relativamente all'indagine sulla tradizione manoscritta delle tre orazioni, il lavoro fa costante riferimento all'edizione di Marek per i tipi Teubner del 1983. Si è quindi descritta la tradizione manoscritta seguendo la canonica suddivisione in due rami distinti: il Germanico, che ha come capostipite il codice Berolinensis Latinus (E), probabilmente databile tra il XII e il XIII secolo, e l'Italico, che avrebbe come capofamiglia il Lingonicus (L), scoperto dal Bracciolini in un convento presso Langres nel 1417 e probabilmente risalente al XII secolo: tale codice è però andato perduto, ma ne è stata rinvenuta una copia autografa di Poggio nel codice Vaticanus latinus 11458 (V). Proprio su questo esemplare ci si è soffermati in merito alla vexata quaestio delle due subscriptiones, presenti nel manoscritto e attribuite a tal Statilio Massimo (cfr. a tal proposito i contributi di Zetzel 1973 e Pecere 1982), proponendo un ragionato status quaestionis preliminare alla formulazione di una prima ipotesi originale sull'identificazione di Statilio Massimo e sulla relativa cronologia. A tal fine mi sono avvalso di tre testimonianze nelle quali compare il nome di Statilio: a) due inscrizioni attribuite a Statilio sul colosso di Memnone; b) un'iscrizione rinvenuta a Tebe con la menzione di uno Statilio Massimo ideologus e contemporaneo al re Filopappo; c) un distico inciso su una piramide e conservato nel corpus degli scolii a Clemente Alessandrino. Queste tre testimonianze sono collocabili tutte nelle stessa epoca, ossia il II sec. d. C., e provengono dalla medesima area geografica, l'Egitto: è difficile però stabilire se l'emendator menzionato dalle due subscriptiones sia davvero identificabile con lo Statilio Massimo menzionato nelle testimonianze riportate, essendo la consonanza dell'attività di emendator con l'erudizione e le inclinazioni poetiche del personaggio citato l'unico elemento a sostegno di tale ipotesi. 3. Commento Scopo ultimo del lavoro di tesi è stato quello di fornire un commento delle tre orazioni, che tenesse conto della strategia retorico-comunicativa adottata da Cicerone. Nelle prime due orazioni, infatti (la terza appare essere un riassunto delle argomentazioni impiegate nelle precedenti), si è evidenziato come tale strategia muti al mutare del destinatario e del contesto in cui il discorso viene ad essere pronunciato: nella prima orazione, diretta ai colleghi senatori, l'oratore attacca la riforma agraria di Rullo, soffermandosi, in modo particolare, sui poteri speciali conferiti al collegio dei decemviri: proprio le prerogative straordinarie concesse a questi magistrati rappresentano una minaccia per gli interessi degli ottimati, le cui proprietà terriere rischiavano di essere confiscate. Nel secondo discorso, rivolto al popolo, Cicerone enfatizza il proprio ruolo di consul popularis, aggettivo, quest'ultimo, dalla doppia valenza di "eletto dal popolo" o "al servizio del popolo". La strategia retorica dell'oratore mira, nel secondo discorso, a creare un netto contrasto tra la propria figura di console popolare e democratico e coloro che sono, in realtà, falsi amici del popolo stesso e mirano a realizzare gli interessi propri di una ristretta cerchia di persone. Cicerone spinge il popolo a ritenere la riforma di Rullo una minaccia alla propria libertà: a tal fine l'elogio di Tiberio e Caio Gracco, quali campioni assoluti e indiscussi della "popolarità", appare strumentale alla strategia di captatio benevolentiae e non pienamente sincero, come si evince dal confronto con alcuni passi del de officiis. Il commento a queste specifiche orazioni ha offerto, inoltre, una valida opportunità di raffronto tra il Cicerone oratore e il Cicerone teorico della retorica: si è rimarcata, ad esempio, la reale corrispondenza tra le funzioni pragmatiche attribuite alle varie sezioni (proemio, argomentazione e perorazione) e quelle teorizzate da Cicerone nel de inventione e nel de oratore. [a cura dell'autore]
V ciclo n.s.
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3

Bennett, Justin Bradford. "Fuentes Bíblicas e Intencionalidad Política en la Oratoria de José Martí." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1051131321.

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4

Mérot, Guillemette. "Le « canon » des poètes grecs et latins de l’Institution oratoire. : Discours critique, traditions doctrinales, contexte culturel." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL084.pdf.

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La thèse porte sur le « canon » (au sens de « liste des auteurs considérés comme les meilleurs au sein d’un genre donné ») des poètes grecs et latins du chapitre 10.1 de l’Institution oratoire. Dans ce traité de rhétorique de l’époque flavienne, la liste-canon est issue d’une tradition littéraire et doctrinale qui sélectionne certains auteurs à inclure et les évalue les uns par rapport aux autres pour en faire des supports de lecture et des modèles d’éloquence. Le présent travail envisage la liste d’auteurs du chapitre 10.1 à la fois comme le point d’aboutissement d’un processus de constitution de « canons » effectué en diachronie et, en synchronie, comme une émanation du contexte culturel propre à la Rome flavienne. Il interroge sa dynamique de constitution en expliquant les motivations qui sous-tendent différentes opérations de « mise en liste » (sélection – ou exclusion – des auteurs, établissement entre eux de relations de hiérarchisation, et évaluation critique de leurs qualités). Il montre que les principales influences critiques qui s’exercent sur les différentes notices de la liste sont celles de Cicéron, d’Horace et de Denys d’Halicarnasse. Nous montrons notamment que cette dynamique de constitution de la liste est propre à chaque genre poétique. Notre travail entend s’inscrire ainsi au confluent de l’histoire de la rhétorique et de ses doctrines, de l’histoire de la philologie, de l’histoire littéraire et de l’histoire de la critique littéraire ancienne
This thesis deals with the "canon" (in the sense of "list of authors considered the best within a given genre") of Greek and Latin poets in chapter 10.1 of the Institutio oratoria. In this treatise on rhetoric from the Flavian period, the canon-list derives from a literary and doctrinal tradition that selects certain authors for inclusion and evaluates them in relation to each other as reading material and models of eloquence. The present work describes the list of authors in chapter 10.1 both as the culmination of a diachronous process of establishing "canons", and, in synchrony, as an emanation of the cultural context specific to Flavian Rome. It questions the dynamic of how the list was established by explaining the motivations behind different operations of "listing" (selection - or exclusion - of authors, establishment of hierarchical relations between them, and critical evaluation of their qualities). It shows that the main critical influences on the different entries in the list are those of Cicero, Horace and Denys of Halicarnassus. In particular, its show that the dynamics of how the list was established is specific to each poetic genre. Accordingly, the present work is located at the confluence of the history of rhetoric and its doctrines, the history of philology, literary history, and the history of ancient literary criticism
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Borges, Marlene Lessa Vergilio. "O Pro Milone de Cícero: tradução e estudo da invenção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-26042012-094638/.

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No dia 08 de abril de 52 a. C, quase três anos depois de terminar sua mais completa obra retórica, De oratore, Cícero retorna a sua atividade nos tribunais. Diante da aparência inusitada do fórum, cercado pela guarnição armada de Pompeu e lotado de um público hostil, o Arpinate comparece para defender o amigo e tribuno Tito Ânio Milão, acusado de assassinar o rival político Públio Clódio Pulcro. Fontes antigas atestam que, prejudicado por fatores externos, Cícero não se teria apresentado nesse dia com a costumeira efetividade. Embora não tenha vencido essa causa, a versão que mais tarde publicou do discurso em defesa de Milão, Pro Milone, tornou-se referência no âmbito da retórica judiciária e é considerado por muitos estudiosos uma obra prima do gênero. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos uma tradução anotada desse discurso em português, acompanhada de um estudo do respectivo processo de invenção (inventio): descoberta e exame das estratégias, argumentos e linhas de defesa destinados a persuadir. Estruturamos a tratativa da invenção de acordo com as divisões que Cícero estabelece para essa parte da retórica, ou seja, conforme os três modos de influenciar a mente dos ouvintes: docere (instruir), conciliare (cativar) e movere (comover) (cf. De orat. II, 115). Apoiando-nos fundamentalmente nas teorias expostas no De oratore, mas também em outras fontes antigas e modernas, procuramos identificar e descrever as estratégias retóricas empregadas no Pro Milone para dar conta de cada um desses meios de persuasão.
On April 8th, 52 B.C., nearly three years after finishing his most complete rhetorical work, De oratore, Cicero resumed his duties in the courts. Against the forums extraordinary backdrop, surrounded by the armed garrison of Pompeii and packed with a hostile audience, the Arpinate appeared there to defend his friend and tribune Titus Annius Milo, accused of assassinating rival politician Publius Clodius Pulcher. Ancient sources indicate that Cicero, undermined by external factors, did not exhibit his customary effectiveness on that day. Although he did not win the case, the subsequently published version of the speech in defense of Milo, Pro Milone, became a benchmark in legal rhetoric, deemed by many scholars to be a masterpiece of the genre. In this dissertation, we present an annotated Portuguese translation of the speech, accompanied by a study of the respective invention (inventio) process: discovery and examination of strategies, arguments and lines of defense intended to persuade. We have structured our discussion of invention according to Ciceros distinctions for this part of rhetoric, or rather, according to the three methods of influencing the listeners mind: docere (instruct), conciliare (win over) and movere (stir) (cf. De orat. II, 115). Drawing essential support from the theories set forth in De oratore, as well as from other ancient and modern sources, we seek to identify and describe the rhetorical strategies used in Pro Milone in order to account for each of these means of persuasion. Key Words:
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Pageau, Valérie. "Imperator orator : la perception de l'éloquence impériale dans l'Histoire Auguste." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23658.

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Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2012-2013.
En tant que recueil de biographies impériales et une des rares sources latines sur la période de la crise du IIIe siècle, l'Histoire Auguste a depuis toujours motivé surtout les études à caractère historique. En revanche, et malgré le souci d'écriture évident du rédacteur -perceptible dans son goût pour l'ironie et autres figures de style - l'aspect littéraire de l'ouvrage a jusqu'ici été beaucoup négligé. Afin de rétablir la situation, nous avons décidé de nous consacrer à une étude non seulement littéraire, mais rhétorique de l'Histoire Auguste, dans laquelle on discerne aisément l'intérêt du rédacteur pour l'éloquence des empereurs. Dans cette optique, ce mémoire a comme objectif de tracer le portrait de la rhétorique à la fois par rapport à la structure de l'oeuvre, à son lien avec les autres disciplines des belles-lettres et des sciences libérales, et surtout, par rapport à l'empereur et à sa performance oratoire. Ce travail pourra également s'inscrire dans la recherche récente sur la rhétorique latine de l'Antiquité tardive, une période charnière qui fut longtemps négligée par les littéraires.
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Piccolo, Federica <1990&gt. "Il carteggio apocrifo tra Seneca e San Paolo: rapporti con l'epistolario di Simmaco oratore." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5492.

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Jesus, Carlos Renato R. de 1973. "O ritmo na prosa : estudo e interpretação prosódica do período oratório latino." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270899.

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Orientadores: Marcos Aurelio Pereira, Maria Bernadete Marques Abaurre
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T05:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus_CarlosRenatoR.de_D.pdf: 2671899 bytes, checksum: 14ae0d99724e6cba11c1e9aadc8fe130 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Nossa pesquisa consiste em discutir determinados elementos presentes no Orator ¿ obra de Marco Túlio Cícero, orador romano do séc. I a.C. ¿ que tratam da questão do ritmo como fator integrante do discurso oratório. Escrito no ano 46 a.C. e constituindo o seu último grande tratado de Retórica, o livro trata dos requisitos do orador ideal, entre os quais prevalece o domínio dos elementos rítmicos da prosa. Concentrar-nos-emos mais detidamente na composição rítmica do período oratório, desde sua formulação grega, passando pela sua construção no mundo romano até sua constituição em Cícero. Discutiremos as questões mais relevantes acerca dos principais recursos estéticos que concorrem para sua composição, como, por exemplo, as cláusulas métricas e os demais elementos prosódicos, como o acento, que viabilizam sua elaboração. Tencionamos, com isso, descobrir até que ponto as inferências do orador romano sobre o período oratório podem ser analisadas sob a ótica de um paradigma linguístico moderno, especificamente, a fonologia métrica e a fonologia prosódica, e de que modo suas reflexões podem contribuir para a compreensão da língua latina no que tange ao seu aspecto prosódico
Abstract: Our research consists in a discussion about some elements found in the Orator ¿ one of the books of Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman rhetorician and orator of the 1st century BCE ¿, which deals with the issue of rhythm as part of the oratory speech. Written in the year of 46 BCE, the book is his last great treatise on rhetoric and deals with the requirements of the ideal orator, among which prevails mastering of the elements of prose-rhythm. We will focus on the rhythmic composition of the oratory period, its Greek formulation, its construction in the Roman world and its incorporation by Cicero. We will also discuss the most relevant issues on the main aesthetic features that contribute to its composition, as for example, the metric clausulae and other prosodic elements such as accent, that enable their development. We intend, therefore, to check out whether Cicero¿s formulations of oratory periods can be analyzed from a modern linguistic perspective, specifically metric and prosodic phonology, and how his theory contributes to understanding the Latin language
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutora em Linguística
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Formarier, Marie. "Entre rhétorique et musique : le rythme latin de l'Antiquité au haut Moyen-Age." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_formarier_m.pdf.

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La science de l'éloquence politique est une musique ; la différence avec le chant et la musique instrumentale est une différence de degré et non de nature ". Par cette assertion, Denys d'Halicarnasse au Ier siècle avant J. -C. Pose le problème fondamental et passionnant du rapport problématique entre l'art du discours, c'est-à-dire la rhétorique, et la musique. Or, le rythme est l'un des points de contact essentiels entre ces deux domaines de compétence. La question centrale de cette étude est donc la suivante : dans quelle mesure le rapport entre le rythme déclamé et le rythme chanté témoigne-t-il des changements linguistiques, sociologiques, politiques et culturels qui ont marqué la latinité de Cicéron à Gui d'Arezzo ? Si le rythme chanté dans l'Antiquité grecque doit observer une mesure musicale, notamment pour que la mélodie puisse être dansée, le rythme oratoire en revanche, notamment dans la rhétorique latine, ne saurait respecter strictement une pulsation. Varier les combinaisons de longues et de brèves sans se soumettre à un cadre fixe et défini par avance, voilà, selon Cicéron, ce qui distingue de façon essentielle le rythme de la prose du mètre et du rythme musical. Ces principes théoriques trouvent un écho particulièrement fort au début du Moyen-Âge, en particulier dans le premier chant chrétien. Bien que la langue latine ait subi des modifications profondes, il n'en reste pas moins que les règles rythmiques établies par l'éloquence classique infléchissent considérablement les techniques de composition des mélodies chrétiennes, en particulier dans ce que Gui d'Arezzo (XIe siècle) appelle le cantus prosaicus
Political eloquence is a sort of music. The difference between eloquence and music —either vocal or instrumental— is quantitative not qualitative”. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ist c. BC) thus faces with the crucial and challenging concern of the connection between rhetoric and music. Actually, those fields are both based on rhythm. My dissertation therefore addresses this question: to what extent the relationship between rhythm in speech and rhythm in song mirrors the linguistic, sociological, political and cultural changes that altered the Latin society from Cicero to Guido of Arezzo? In ancient Greece, musical rhythm has to be in time because songs are usually danced, whereas oratory rhythm must not follow a beat. According to Cicero, oratory rhythm is definitely different from musical rhythm and poetic metre because it is built on continually changing patterns. Those rhythmic principles are particularly vivid in the early Middle Ages, especially in Christian chant. Although Latin has been deeply altered, the rhythmic set of laws established by Cicero is still helpful in the composition of Christian melodies, mainly in what Guido of Arezzo calls cantus prosaicus
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Sogno, Cristiana. "Q. Aurelius Symachus a political career between Senate and court /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/81283934.html.

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11

Berti, Emanuele. "Seneca il Vecchio e la cultura retorica e letteraria nella prima età imperiale." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86181.

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12

Viellard, Delphine. "Les liminaires dans les oeuvres latines des IVe et Ve siècle." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040088.

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Dans les liminaires de leurs ouvrages, les auteurs des IVe et Ve siècles, qu'ils soient pai͏̈ens ou chrétiens, témoignent de leur fidélité à la rhétorique traditionnelle et principalement au "De inuentione" de Cicéron. Ces liminaires, qui reçoivent des dénominations différentes: "exordium", "prologus", "prooemium", "praefatio" et "praefatiuncula" épousent des formes diverses: "exordium" oratoire, prooemium poétique, épître dédicatoire et préface qui ont tous pour modèle l' "exordium" oratoire, codifié lui-m^eme à partir de la tradition de la poésie. Le choix du liminaire dépend, comme nous l'avons montré, du genre de l'ouvrage présenté, puisqu'un type de texte se profile pour chaque genre. De plus, la présence d'éléments externes à l'exorde témoigne, chez nos auteurs, de la volonté d'aller au-delà de la présentation de l'oeuvre et non du rejet de l'appareil exordial. Le liminaire devient un texte ouvert à tous les évènements extérieurs, mais aussi à autrui: commanditaires, dédicataires et interlocuteurs. D'où naît la préface dont l'usage, à l'instigation de Jérôme, se développe chez les chrétiens avides de justification
In the introductions to their works, the 4th and 5thcenturies' authors, be they pagan or christian, reveal their faith to the traditional rhetoric and mainly to Ciceron's "De inuentione". The introductory texts called in latin "exordium", "prologus", "prooemium", "praefatio" and "praefatiuncula" take on forms as varied as the oratory "exordium", the poetical "prooeminium, the dedicatory epistle and preface, which all imitate the oratory "exordium" codified from the poetic tradition. As we have demonstrated, the choice of an introductory text depends on the genre of work because the each literary genre corresponds a specific kind of text. Besides, the presence of some elements which are external to the "exordium" testifies more to our author's will to go beyond the mere presentation of the work rather than to a rejection of the rhetoric of th "exordium". The introductory text then becomes a text open not only to the external events but also to different people: dedicatees and interlocutors. Hence the emergence of the preface increasingly used by the Christiens, who are fond of justifications and consequently develop this introductory genre following thus in the steps of Jerome
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13

Hirsch, Thierry. "Cicero, De Inuentione, Book 1 : introduction and commentary (1.19b-33; 1.97-109)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:363f7f7a-45e0-4148-ad42-9afeca5bcb1c.

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The main body of this thesis is a commentary on sections 1.19b-33 and 1.97-109 of Cicero's De Inuentione. These sections treat partes orationis in general (1.19b), then exordium (1.20-26), narratio (1.27-30), partitio (1.31-33), digressio (1.97), and conclusio (1.98-109). Due to the imposed word limit, the sections on confirmatio (1.34-77) and reprehensio (1.78-96) could not be included in the thesis. The structure of the commentary on each of these sections will be: introduction to the section, references to parallel passages in other Latin and Greek rhetorical texts, the most important general literature on the subject of the section, comparison of the passage in Cic.Inu.1 with the corresponding one in Rhet.Her, individual lemmata. The lemmata will cover various kinds of information, such as textual, grammatical, and linguistic issues, background information on persons, objects etc. mentioned, the young Cicero's position within the rhetorical tradition for a particular point (i.e. influence on and by Cic.Inu.). To the commentary proper, a number of introduction chapters have been added. Due to the word limit, only a selection of these can be included in the thesis: the title 'De Inuentione' and Cicero's intention to write on all five partes artis; the structure of Cic.Inu.; subdividing the art; rhythm and clausulae; the young Cicero's knowledge of Aristotle's works; the relationship between Cic.Inu. and Rhet.Her. (abbreviated version); the proems of Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version); preliminary comments on Narratio; the Orestes case in the rhetorical tradition; examples in Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version). The structure of the commentary on each of these sections will be: introduction to the section, references to parallel passages in other Latin and Greek rhetorical texts, the most important general literature on the subject of the section, comparison of the passage in Cic.Inu.1 with the corresponding one in Rhet.Her, individual lemmata. The lemmata will cover various kinds of information, such as textual, grammatical, and linguistic issues, background information on persons, objects etc. mentioned, the young Cicero's position within the rhetorical tradition for a particular point (i.e. influence on and by Cic.Inu.). To the commentary proper, a number of introduction chapters have been added. Due to the word limit, only a selection of these can be included in the thesis: the title 'De Inuentione' and Cicero's intention to write on all five partes artis; the structure of Cic.Inu.; subdividing the art; rhythm and clausulae; the young Cicero's knowledge of Aristotle's works; the relationship between Cic.Inu. and Rhet.Her. (abbreviated version); the proems of Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version); preliminary comments on Narratio; the Orestes case in the rhetorical tradition; examples in Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version).
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Guérin, Charles Chiron Pierre Lévy Carlos. "L'élaboration de la notion rhétorique de "persona" au Ier siècle av. J.-C. antécédents grecs et enjeux cicéroniens /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0253520.pdf.

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15

Gavoille, Laurent. ""Oratio", étude sémantique." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040219.

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Cette thèse étudie le sémantisme du mot latin oratio, en appliquant les méthodes de l'analyse sémique et en utilisant les catégories de la pragmatique. Nom de la parole dont l'étymologie demeure peu sûre, oratio est d'abord expliqué par orare, qui signifie moins souvent "demander" à l'époque archaïque que "parler de manière argumentée", et qui peut être comparé au grec euchomai, "revendiquer avec éloquence". Ainsi, chez Plaute et Terence, oratio renvoie surtout à l'argumentation ; mais c'est aussi la manière de parler exprimant une disposition, caractérisant un rôle ou une position. Dans La Rhétorique à Hérennius et chez Cicéron, le "discours argumenté", qui correspond à logos, s'élargit à d'autres formes de la persuasion, intégrant les passions et l'action oratoire ; à partir de "manière de parler" se développe, dans la langue de la rhétorique et sous l'influence de lexis, le sens nouveau de "style, forme du discours", avec ses variantes "prose" et "phrase" (unité de style) ; enfin, de logos viennent les acceptions "énoncé" (unité de discours) et "langage", associé à ratio "raison". Par rapport à uerbum et à sermo, oratio définit une parole à la fois orientée vers l'action et inséparable de l'énonciation.
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16

Sánchez, Albarracín Enrique. "La Convergence hispano-américaniste de 1892 : Les rencontres du IVe Centenaire de la découverte de l’Amérique." Paris 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177147.

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Ancrée dans l’histoire des relations culturelles entre l’Europe et l’Amérique Latine, cette thèse analyse le discours hispano-américaniste qui apparaît en Espagne en 1892 au moment du IVe Centenaire de la découverte de l’Amérique. Soixante-dix ans après l’effondrement de son empire colonial, et alors que la Conférence Panaméricaine de Washington (1889-90) et l'Exposition Universelle de Chicago (1893) scellent déjà la prépondérance des Etats-Unis sur le continent américain, l’Espagne organise une célébration pour raviver les liens d’une communauté hispano-américaine transatlantique fondée sur une langue, une histoire et des traditions culturelles partagées. Orchestrée par les milieux officiels et la bourgeoisie professionnelle, cette commémoration s'apparente à la quête d'une image perdue dans un miroir dont les reflets dispersés au cours des cérémonies, congrès et expositions organisés dans le pays, semblent traduire l'état d'âme d'une nation qui voudrait se redonner la conscience d'exister. De l'autre côté du miroir les républiques latino-américaines recherchent désormais de nouvelles alliances internationales. Mais tandis que leur émancipation politique semble définitivement acquise, la conquête de l'autonomie culturelle constitue encore pour ces pays une démarche embryonnaire qui implique une redéfinition de l’héritage hispanique. C’est dans le cadre d’une confluence générationnelle inédite que se produit la confrontation culturelle que ce travail met en évidence, en révélant la convergence qui alimente le débat hispano-américaniste de 1892 et dont les prolongements réels et spéculatifs imprègnent encore aujourd’hui les relations entre l'Espagne et l'Amérique latine
The present thesis, rooted in the history of cultural relations between Europe and Latin America, analyses the concept of Spanish-America as it emerged in Spain in 1892 at the time of the 4th centenary of the discovery of America. Seventy years after its colonial empire had collapsed, in the shadow of the 1st Pan-American Conference (1889-90) in Washington and the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, which proclaimed the United States’ dominance over the American continent, Spain organised a celebration intended to revitalise the ties of a transatlantic Spanish-American community founded on a shared language, history and cultural heritage. Officialdom and the professional middle classes joined forces to mount a commemoration that was a kind of quest for an image lost in a mirror, the reflections of which, scattered throughout a series of nationwide ceremonies, congresses and exhibitions, seem to express the mood of a nation seeking to retrieve the feeling of its own existence. Through the looking glass, the Latin American republics were by then in search of international alliances. Their political independence seemed solidly established, but the conquest of genuine cultural independence was still for them at an embryonic stage, requiring a rethinking of their Spanish heritage. In this context of an unprecedented confluence of generations arose the cultural confrontation this study seeks to highlight, disclosing the convergence feeding into the 1892 Spanish-American debate, the real and speculative extensions of which still to this day pervade relations between Spain and Latin America
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17

Cosma, Olivier. "Recherches sur le grand style dans les discours de Cicéron." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31018.

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La notion de "grand style" (genus graue) s'inscrit dans une longue tradition rhétorique gréco-latine ici esquissée. L'apport de Cicéron lui-même est important et gradué : si le "De Oratore" contient déjà de nombreux outils pour l'étude du numerus et des figures, l'Orator les précise en leur donnant une touche plus personnelle pour ce qui est des jugements de goût. Ce dernier traité indique en outre que trois discours : le "Pro Caecina", le "De Imperio Cn. Pompei", et le "Pro Rabirio perduellionis reo" sont des représentants respectifs des style simple, moyen et grand. L'idée de base est de contrôler cette assertion au moyen des figures et du numerus, en estimant - en conformité avec la thèse cicéronienne - que le grand style résultera d'une quantité maximale de figures, et du numerus le plus beau. Ce dernier est jugé à partir des clausules, à partir des considérations développées par Cicéron dans l'Orator. L'étude prend pour base des extraits des deux premiers discours, mettant déjà en évidence l'opposition, au sein d'une même oeuvre, de passages écrits en style plus ou moins "grand". La présence, dans l'un et l'autre, de développements importants ne ressortissant pas au genus graue indique, sans qu'il y ait donc nécessité d'une prise en compte de leur texte exhaustif, qu'ils n'appartiennent pas à ce niveau de style. En revanche, la totalité du développement (Réfutation) du "Pro Rabirio" est étudiée et fait appaître globalement un niveau de style au moins égal à celui des extraits jugés élégants des deux autres discours. Une clé quantitative est ainsi possible pour la classification stylistique de tout discours. Une brève application est menée sur la quatrième Philippique et sur un extrait de la seconde : elle nous convaincra de l'appartenance de ces discours au grand style, tout en montrant l'insuffisance de cette seule notion pour caratériser le Beau. Il appardiendraà un prochain travail de tenter de définir de nouveaux outils pour appréhender celui-ci.
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18

Burghart, Marjorie. "Remploi textuel, invention et art de la mémoire : les Sermones ad status du franciscain Guibert de Tournai († 1284)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20093.

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La collection de sermons ad status du maître franciscain Guibert de Tournai († 1284), inscrite dans le nouvel art de prêcher qui se développe au XIIIe siècle, est surtout connue pour la particularité de son organisation, qui répartit les sermons selon les états de vie d'auditoires plutôt que selon les occasions du temps liturgique. Cette thèse réalise un bilan et une actualisation des connaissances sur l'auteur et la collection, ainsi qu'une analyse approfondie de cette œuvre, assortie d'une transcription intégrale. Elle ouvre également la voie d'une réinterprétation du remploi littéraire chez Guibert de Tournai, et propose une lecture nouvelle du découpage ad status à la lumière de la mnémotechnique et des arts de la mémoire. Le premier chapitre fait un bilan des connaissances sur Guibert de Tournai. Enfant de la bourgeoisie flamande, il reste fidèle à sa terre d'origine et aux hommes qu'il a connus ici, bien longtemps après que ses études et son engagement dans l'ordre franciscain l'ont amené à Paris. Intellectuel fécond dans des genres variés, son œuvre laisse entrevoir une personnalité éprise de mystique et de contemplation. Personnage proéminent dans le paysage intellectuel parisien des années 1260, en relation avec de grands personnages politiques et intellectuels de son temps, il s'intéresse aussi aux questions de formation et de transmission du savoir, et bien évidemment à la prédication que nous le voyons pratiquer, grâce à des reportations parisiennes, jusqu'au soir de sa vie. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la présentation et l'analyse détaillées de la collection ad status. La tradition en est foisonnante, compliquée par quelques accidents conjoncturels dans la transmission du texte. Elle laisse tout de même entrevoir un texte qui semble relativement stable. Dans son contenu, systématiquement analysé, la collection est un bel exemple de « sermons modernes » dans sa manière d'arranger la matière prêchable, en se servant de très nombreuses distinctiones pour structurer les textes. Le troisième chapitre explore le rapport de Guibert à l'intertextualité ou « remploi » littéraire. Le maître franciscain puise volontiers sa matière dans d'autres œuvres : son remploi des Sermones vulgares de Jacques de Vitry dans ses sermons ad status est connu de longue date, mais il a aussi trouvé chez Guillaume d'Auvergne une partie de la matière première des sermons sur les sacrements. Les emprunts à Jacques de Vitry, mesurés grâce à l'indicateur des exempla, se révèlent moins systématiques et plus complexes qu'on aurait pu le penser, montrant à quel point le remploi littéraire faisait partie intégrante du processus de création, pour Guibert comme pour d'autres auteurs médiévaux. Le rôle des œuvres de Guibert comme réservoirs de matière, faisant à leur tour l'objet de remploi dans des œuvres de genres et d'auteurs variés, est également mis en évidence dans une série de textes. Le dernier chapitre enfin propose une nouvelle lecture du choix d'organisation ad status de la collection, une interprétation alternative du projet de Guibert. Plutôt qu'un miroir de la société réelle ou idéale du prédicateur, la composition de sermons selon des états de vie de l'auditoire peut être comprise, à la lumière des arts de la mémoire, comme un ingénieux outil mnémotechnique pour l'organisation de la matière prêchable. En faisant des status des « lieux de mémoire », Guibert a réalisé une classification thématique de la matière prêchable selon les topoi attachés aux états de vie
The collection of ad status sermons by the Franciscan Guibert de Tournai (d. 1284), rooted in the new art of preaching that was developing in the thirteenth century, is best known for its particular organization, arranging the sermons according to the social position (or estate) of their audience rather than by liturgical occasions. This thesis assesses and updates our knowledge of the author and the collection, and provides an in-depth analysis of this body of work, accompanied by a complete transcription. Furthermore, the thesis paves the way for a reinterpretation of the ways in which Guibert used and adapted earlier texts, and it proposes a new understanding of the ad status division, in light of mnemonics and the art of memory.The first chapter assesses our knowledge of Guibert de Tournai. A child of the Flemish bourgeoisie, he remained faithful to his land of origin and to the men he knew there, long after his studies and his engagement in the Franciscan order had led him to Paris. Intellectually fertile in a variety of genres, his works hint at a personality passionate about mysticism and contemplation. A pre-eminent figure in the Parisian intellectual landscape of the 1260s, connected to the key political and intellectual figures of his time, he was interested in questions regarding the acquisition and transmission of knowledge, and evidently in the preaching we know – thanks to Parisian reportationes – that he practiced until his twilight years.The second chapter offers a detailed presentation and analysis of the ad status collection. There are many extant manuscripts, and their analysis is complicated by several inconsistencies in the transmission of the work, but overall and over time the text seems relatively stable. The content of the collection, systematically analysed, provides an excellent example of the “modern sermon” in the way it arranges the material for preaching, drawing on numerous distinctiones to structure the texts.The third chapter explores the link between Guibert and intertextuality or textual reuse. The Franciscan master took much of his material from other works; his reuse of the Sermones vulgares of Jacques de Vitry in his ad status sermons has been known for a long time, but he also found much of his preaching material for sermons on the sacraments in the work of Guillaume d’Auvergne. Guibert's appropriation of the work of Jacques de Vitry, measured through the use of his predecessor's exempla, is revealed to be less systematic and more complex than scholars would otherwise have predicted, demonstrating just how, and to what extent, textual reuse was integral to the creation process for Guibert as well as for other medieval authors. The role of the works of Guibert as reservoirs of material, in turn themselves reused in works of various genres and authors, is demonstrated through the analysis of a number of later texts.The final chapter proposes a new consideration of Guibert's choice of constructing his collection as an ad status text. The composition of sermons according to the social position of the audience can be understood, in light of the art of memory, as an ingenious mnemonic tool for the organisation of preaching material rather than as a mirror of a real or ideal society. In turning the status into “lieux de mémoire”, Guibert created a thematic classification of preaching material according to topoi attached to the estates
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19

Piazza, Élisabeth. "La rhétorique chez Martianus Capella : Édition critique, traduction et commentaire du livre 5 des Noces de Philologie et de Mercure." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040189.

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L’encyclopédie en neuf livres de Martianus Capella, vraisemblablement composée au début du Ve s. après J.-C., se situe à la transition entre les conceptions antiques et médiévales de la « formation libérale ». Sept sciences, dons de Mercure à Philologie, exposent leur discipline devant les dieux, et forment un programme d’ascension de l’âme vers le monde divin et rationnel. En promettant un exposé conforme au statut de science (disciplina) qu’elle partage avec ses six compagnes, Rhétorique propose de dépasser les débats dont elle fait l’objet : son enseignement veut construire un art général de l’argumentation persuasive. Notre étude définit la place du livre 5 dans l’œuvre de Martianus et dans la tradition rhétorique antique. Contrairement aux traités des rhéteurs latins tardifs qui nous sont parvenus, le traité du livre 5 adopte (et adapte) les orientations des derniers ouvrages rhétoriques de Cicéron (le De oratore notamment) : la théorie est conçue pour répondre aussi bien aux questions « particulières », domaine des orateurs, qu’aux questions « générales » et philosophiques. Cette conception de la rhétorique n’est pas nouvelle : elle s’appuie sur des traditions philosophiques d’enseignement de la rhétorique, notamment développées dans des cadres péripatéticiens et académiciens. Le traité de Martianus est toutefois le seul témoin tardif qui reprenne ces perspectives avancées, et cherche à les organiser sous forme systématique. Science de la parole persuasive, la rhétorique occupe une place essentielle dans la mise en œuvre du projet de Martianus, et constitue une étape importante avant le principe plus élevé représenté par l’harmonie
Martianus Capella’s encyclopedic work, probably composed in the early 5th century A.D., forms an original transition between Ancient and Medieval conceptions of "liberal education". As wedding gifts given by Mercury to Philology, seven Sciences present their branch of knowledge in a divine assembly : this scientific programme aims at the ascension of the soul towards the divine and rational world. Rhetoric answers (and goes beyond) the traditional critics directed against oratory. She promises a presentation consistent with the status of science (disciplina) she shares with her six companions : her teaching builds a general art of persuasive argument. Our study defines the position of Book 5 in Martianus’ work and in the Ancient rhetorical traditions. Whereas the Late Latin rhetorical handbooks that have survived partake of the « standard » rhetorical teaching, Martianus’ Book 5 adopts (and adapts) the guidelines of the Cicero’s latest rhetorical works (especially De oratore) : the theory is designed to meet both "particular " questions, area of orators, and the "general" philosophical questions. This conception of rhetoric is not new : it relies on philosophical traditions of teaching rhetoric that were developed in Peripatetic and Academic settings. Martianus’ Book 5 is however the only Late Antique testimony that embraces these advanced prospects, and seeks to organise them in a systematic form. As the science of persuasive speech, Rhetoric plays an essential role in Martianus’ project, and constitutes an important step before the higher principle represented by Harmony
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20

Guérin, Charles. "L'élaboration de la notion rhétorique de "persona" au Ier siècle av. J. -C. : antécédents grecs et enjeux cicéroniens." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002535200204611&vid=upec.

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Cette thèse se propose d’étudier la manière dont la rhétorique latine du Ier siècle av. J. -C. Est parvenue à formaliser l’aspect éthique de la pratique oratoire par l’élaboration progressive d’une catégorie adaptée aux enjeux de la République romaine : celle de persona, notion qui désigne, dans son acception rhétorique, l’image que l’orateur projette de lui-même à travers son discours, tant par l’énonciation directe de ses propres mérites que, de façon indirecte, par son argumentaire, son style (elocutio), sa voix et ses gestes (actio). Cette étude entend mettre en évidence la spécificité latine de la notion (par opposition à la notion grecque d’h\qo") et cherche à inscrire la pensée rhétorique dans l’environnement idéologique dont elle dépend étroitement dès qu’entrent en jeu l’apparence et le comportement de l’orateur. Une première partie fait de la théorie athénienne de l’h\qo" et de ses implications politiques un point de comparaison permettant d’appréhender les spécificités de la persona. Il est alors possible d’étudier la difficile émergence, dans l’anonyme Rhétorique à Herennius et le De inuentione de Cicéron, d’une notion dégagée des stricts enjeux de la rhétorique grecque et embrassant les dimensions symboliques, idéologiques et pratiques propres au contexte aristocratique romain. Est enfin analysée la manière dont Cicéron, dans ses œuvres de maturité, parvient à donner à la persona un statut théorique véritable et à utiliser cette notion au sein d’un projet rhétorique et philosophique large
This thesis intends to study the theoretical means by which the Latin rhetoric of the first century BCE has understood the ethical aspect of rhetorical performances and has progressively built a category suited to the peculiarities of the late Roman republic : the notion of persona, which, in its rhetorical meaning, corresponds to the merits mentioned by the orator in his own speech and to the ethos he conveys through his argumentation, style, voice and gestures. This work seeks to demonstrate that the notion of persona is no strict equivalent of the Greek notion of h\qo". It emphasizes therefore how historical and ideological contexts must be taken into account when rhetorical theory tries to deal with oratorical ethos. The first part of this study uses the Athenian theory of h\qo" and its political value as a reference in order to give the notion of persona its particular rhetorical meaning. It then becomes possible to study how this notion slowly emerges, detaches itself from Greek rhetorical tradition and takes into account the symbolical, ideological and practical realities of the Roman aristocratic environment in the anonymous Rhetorica ad Herennium and Cicero’s De inuentione. The last part of this study analyzes how Cicero gives a true theoretical status to the notion of persona in his mature works and uses it for philosophical and rhetorical purposes that are wider than they were in the first Latin rhetorical texts
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21

Maxson, Brian. "The Many Shades of Praise: Politics and Panegyrics in Fifteenth-Century Florentine Diplomacy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6187.

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Fifteenth-century diplomatic protocol required the city of Florence to send diplomats to congratulate both new and militarily victorious rulers. Diplomats on such missions poured praise on their triumphant allies and new rulers at friendly locations. However, political realities also meant that these diplomats would sometimes have to praise rulers whose accession or victory opposed Florentine interests. Moreover, different allies and enemies required different levels of praise. Jealous rulers compared the gifts, status, and oratory that they received from Florence to the Florentine entourages sent to their neighbors. Sending diplomats with too little or too much social status and eloquence could spell diplomatic disaster. Diplomats met these challenges by varying the style, structure, and content of their speeches. Far from formulaic pronouncements of goodwill, diplomatic orations varied from one speech to the next in order to meet the demands of the complex diplomatic world into which they fit. Contextualizing these orations reveals the subtle reservations of diplomats praising a hostile ruler, the insertion of specific citations to flatter specific audiences, and the changing intellectual and stylistic interests of humanists throughout the fifteenth century. This essay will examine the different shades of flattery practiced by Florentine diplomats and the contexts that explain these variations.
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Pierre, Maxime. "La poétique du carmen : étude d'une énonciation romaine des douze tables à l'époque d'Auguste." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070114.

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Notre étude analyse l'usage du terme Carmen pour designer à Rome un acte d’énonciation spécifique. La première partie aborde les emplois du terme associe a trois types de sujets - oiseaux, instruments, Cantores - et montre l'unité d'une catégorie qui recouvre sans les traduire les notions modernes de chant et de musique. Le Carmen est ainsi défini comme un acte utilisant les propriétés pragmatiques de la uox entendue comme matière sonore suscitant des effets physiques, sémantiques, et émotifs. Les deux parties suivantes traitent les emplois du terme dans le domaine du droit et de la religion : elles montrent une évolution de sens du terme qui, après avoir désigné des énonciations « magiques » rivales du droit, est réemployé au début de l'empire comme catégorie archaïsante pour designer toutes sortes d'actes ou la parole est censée agir de façon autonome : prières, lois ou prophéties archaïques. Enfin, dans les deux dernières parties, nous analysons l'introduction du terme Carmen comme terme d'autoréférence poétique : définissant tout d'abord une performance d'acteur s'opposant au terme Poema, qui renvoie a une écriture, le terme Carmen va être réevalué par Catulle et Lucrèce comme énonciation fictive. Virgile, Horace et Properce élargissent cette innovation en utilisant le couple canere/ Carmen pour designer l'acte poétique : il s'agit alors par une énonciation globale, d'unifier des pratiques grecques hétérogènes, qu'elles relèvent du iambe, du melos, de l'epos, ou de l'élégie. Cette énonciation unifiante va permettre aux nouveaux poètes d'importer la poésie grecque à Rome dans un geste de refondation culturelle caractéristique de l'âge d'auguste
Our study is an analysis of how the term carmen was used in rome to refer to a specific act of speech. The first part broaches the uses of the word when related to three types of agents - birds, instruments, and cantores - showing the unity of a category which, although not an equivalent, embraces the modern notions of song and music. The carmen is thus defined as an act incorporating the properties of the uox, perceived as sonorous matter that provokes physical, emotional and semantic effects. Part 2 and 3 deal with the uses of the word in the field of religion and law: they show a semantic evolution of the word which, after having referred to "magical" speech acts competing with the law, is renewed at the beginning of the roman empire as an archaising category designating any type of speech act where words are supposed to have an intrinsic efficiency: prayers, laws, or prophecies. Flnally, part 4 and 5 outline the gradual use of carmen as a word of poetic self-reference: first referring to the performance of an actor as opposed to the poema, which is a text, the word carmen is later reconsidered by Catullus and Lucretius as a fictive act of speech. Virgil, Horace and Propertius broaden this novelty by using carmen and canere to refer to the poetic act: it becomes a global speech act category, unifying heterogeneous greek practices, designating either iambos, melos, epos or elegy. This unifying speech act allows the new roman poets to import greek poetry as a significant form qf cultural renewal, which is typical of the augustan age
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23

Mahy, Trevor Bryan. "After the daggers : politics and persuasion after the assassination of Caesar." Thesis, St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/928.

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24

Coetzee, Petrus Johannes. "Genera Dicendi en Officia Oratoris by Cicero met besondere verwysing na sy Pro Caecina." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14384.

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25

Dufallo, Basil John. "Ciceronian oratory and the ghosts of the past." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51824466.html.

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26

Skirpan, Richard. "Latin American polystylism structure and form in Osvaldo Golijov's La pasión según San Marcos /." 2004. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-07082004-192212/.

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27

West, David T. "The case for politics: a cross-generic study of Cicero's arguments for political engagement." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/34782.

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This dissertation argues that in two different genres, oratory and political philosophy, Cicero presents to the Roman elite a variety of possible motives for pursuing a political career, and advances his vision of legitimate political engagement. It challenges recent interpretations, first, by demonstrating how Ciceronian forensic rhetoric transcends judicial goals in pursuit of broader cultural and political aims (Chapter 1); second, by demonstrating that Cicero’s political philosophy advances a new form of elite engagement, informed by Greek ethical philosophy and contemplative pursuits (Chapters 2-4); and, third, by demonstrating that Cicero viewed philosophy as essential for rhetoric, not due to its instrumental value but as an ethical grounding for both personal behavior and public oratory (Chapter 4). The first chapter argues that in the Pro Sestio, Cicero uses the prospect of civic glory to motivate his listeners to defend the republic. The second chapter, in contrast, shows how Cicero’s first dialogue on political philosophy, the De Re Publica, downplays the motive of civic glory in favor of less mercenary motives drawn from Greek ethical philosophy, especially the attraction of virtue as its own reward. Cicero attempts to persuade his potentially resistant Roman audience, however, by adopting an initial pose of hostility towards philosophy and by putting philosophical ideas in the mouths of his Roman dialogical personae. The third chapter, on the Somnium Scipionis, argues that Cicero concludes the De Re Publica by employing the authority of Scipio to inspire his audience to study cosmology in order to acquire knowledge of the motives, ends, and means of political engagement; Scipio qualifies Laelius’s earlier argument about virtue, reevaluating it as a means to an eternal reward based on Platonic eschatology. The fourth chapter shows that in De Legibus 1, the character Marcus Cicero mounts two arguments for natural law in two different styles, one aimed at Atticus the intellectual and the other at Quintus the politician, suggesting two chief segments of his potential reading audience. Marcus concludes with an inspiring speech intended to show Atticus that philosophy demands engagement in politics and to convince Quintus that philosophic knowledge gives public oratory ethical grounding.
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