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1
Zhang, Yin’e, and Yong Ping Liu. "Identification of Navel Orange Diseases and Pests Based on the Fusion of DenseNet and Self-Attention Mechanism." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 2, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5436729.
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The prevention and control of navel orange pests and diseases is an important measure to ensure the yield of navel oranges. Aiming at the problems of slow speed, strong subjectivity, high requirements for professional knowledge required, and high identification costs in the identification methods of navel orange pests and diseases, this paper proposes a method based on DenseNet and attention. The power mechanism fusion (DCPSNET) identification method of navel orange diseases and pests improves the traditional deep dense network DenseNet model to realize accurate and efficient identification of navel orange diseases and pests. Due to the difficulty in collecting data of navel orange pests and diseases, this article uses image enhancement technology to expand. The experimental results show that, in the case of small samples, compared with the traditional model, the DCPSNET model can accurately identify different types of navel orange diseases and pests images and the accuracy of identifying six types of navel orange diseases and pests on the test set is as high as 96.90%. The method proposed in this paper has high recognition accuracy, realizes the intelligent recognition of navel orange diseases and pests, and also provides a way for high-precision recognition of small sample data sets.
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Rifiana, Rifiana, and Hamdani Hamdani. "The Utilization of Rice Straw for Increase Orange Productivity and Reducing Environmental Pollution." TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/twj.v6i1.78.
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Siam Banjar oranges was one of the leading commodities in South Kalimantan with an area 2,594 ha, 113,-149 tons of production and 43.72 ha-1 of productivity (Department of Agriculture South Kalimantan, 2006 in www.kalselprov.go.id/). The development of Siam Banjar oranges in South Kalimantan was overflow in Barito Kuala and Banjar District. The level of responsiveness plants for fertilization encourages farmers to apply high inorganic fertilizers. If it is applied continuously and without return organic matter into the soil, it will produce the reduced soil fertility in terms of chemical, physical, and biological soil. This research showed the effect of the use of straw in increasing the production of Siam Banjar oranges. First, they completely decomposed so that increasing soil fertility. Second, reduce environmental pollution because it did not leave residues as inorganic fertilizers. Third, prevent soil erosion so that nutrients needed by oranges for grow properly could be fulfilled optimally. So, oranges did not easily attacked by pests and diseases then provide abundant harvest. The results of the differences between two values could be concluded that, the benefits of orange farming was produced with straw was greater than farming without straw. Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR) value of orange farming with straw was 3.56 and the Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR) value of orange farming without straw was 3.26. Based on the RCR value, orange farming with straw was more feasible than orange farming without a straw.
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Hendebo, Miheret, Ali Mohammed Ibrahim, Fekadu Gurmu, and Hussien Mohammed Beshir. "Assessment of Production and Utilization Practices of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea Batatas L.) in Sidama Region, Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4922864.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important crop which ensures food security in developing countries. It can be harvested at any stage as needed, thereby providing a flexible source of food and income for rural families that are most vulnerable to crop failures and cash income fluctuations. The production and consumption of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) by smallholder farmers in the Sidama region of Southern Ethiopia were explored in this study to identify key problems and opportunities in OFSP production. A preliminary investigation and rudimentary data collection were used to gather data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and index grading. Based on the descriptive analysis, smallholder farmers have small landholdings of 0.51 ha per family. Farmers conserve their planting materials by leaving them in the field. This causes the materials to be extensively infested with diseases, insects, and other vertebrate pests. Farmers (54.4%) do not apply inorganic fertilizersassuming that it stimulates more vegetative growth and results in tasteless storage roots. The continuous cultivation of OFSP without fertilizer application results in nutrient depletion and reduced yield. Further, the production and utilization of OFSP in the Sidama region is constrained by factors such as diseases, lack of storage facilities, lack of planting materials, drought, insect pests, low market price, and shortage of money to purchase inputs. According to the index ranking, drought, shortage of planting material, diseases, and insect pests were the most important. Combinations of social, ecological, and economic factors limit the production of sweet potatoes and therefore, a stronger extension system on agronomic practices and credit system should be made accessible to the farmers.
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Chrpová, J., V. Šíp, P. Bartoš, A. Hanzalová, J. Palicová, L. Štočková, L. Čejka, et al. "Results of the Czech National Ring Tests of disease resistance in wheat." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 48, No. 4 (October 31, 2012): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/173/2012-cjgpb.
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In this contribution actual results of the Czech national ring tests of disease resistance in wheat are presented that are performed at 3–5 locations each year. Special attention was paid to possibilities of increasing resistance to rusts, powdery mildew, Fusarium head blight and brown leaf spot diseases. New sources of resistance to the above-mentioned diseases were detected and described. Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for resistance to these diseases, as well as to other important diseases and pests (common and dwarf bunt, eyespot and stem base diseases, barley yellow dwarf virus, orange wheat blossom midge) are discussed.
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Mutiara, Vonny Indah, and Rika Hariance. "EMPOWERMENT OF SIAMESE CITRUS FARMERS KAMANG NAGARI KAMANG HILIR, KAMANG MAGEK DISTRICT, AGAM REGENCY." Andalasian International Journal of Social and Entrepreneurial Development 1, no. 01 (November 5, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijsed.v1.i01.29-34.2021.
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Siam Kamang citrus farmers, who are known for their JESIKA products in Nagari Kamang Hilir, Kamang Magek District, Agam Regency, have been cultivating oranges since 1962. During its development, Siamese citrus farming experienced a period of production failure due to the CVPD virus attack. Excessive use of pesticides has affected the development of Siamese orange agribusiness in Nagari Kamang. Community service activities in the form of disseminating research results on prospects for developing Siamese orange agribusiness and the financial feasibility of Siamese citrus business are carried out in an effort to empower farmers to develop Siamese citrus farming. From the FGD activities carried out, farmers finally realized that farming patterns that use pesticides as an effort to prevent pests and diseases incur large costs and have a negative impact on the development of JESIKA agribusiness. Farmers are advised to cultivate JESIKA in accordance with the recommended SOP and apply a polyculture cropping pattern with an organic farming system to increase production more optimally.
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Arif, Alfis. "A SISTEM PAKAR HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN JERUK GERGA PAGAR ALAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE BERBASIS WEBSITE." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Mura 11, no. 02 (December 16, 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32767/jti.v11i02.610.
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Penyediaan sistem informasi tentang penyakit Tanaman Jeruk di Kota Pagaralam masih bersifat manual sehingga tak berfungsi secara maksimal saat penyebaran informasi baik ke petani, penyuluh, & pengguna lainnya. Gangguan penyakit merupakan masalah penting yang dihadapi petani dalam usaha tani buah jeruk, selain menurunkan hasil produksi serangan penyakit juga menurunkan kualitas hasil. Oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui penyakit apa yang menyerang tanaman Jeruk maka dibutuhkan suatu sistem informasi identifikasi penyakit pada tanaman buah Jeruk berbasis website. Dengan aplikasi ini diharapkan petani dapat terbantu dalam mendiagnosis hama & penyakit yang sedang menyerang tanaman jeruknya, sehingga bisa juga mengetahui penanganannya dan mencegah serangan yang lebih luas. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan pada pembuatan sistem pakar diagnosis penyakit jeruk ini adalah analisis situasi, koleksi pengetahuan, perancangan, testing & evaluasi, dokumentasi serta pemeliharaan. Sistem pakar ini menggunakan metode Euclidean Distance atau jarak terpendek dari setiap gejala yang ada terhadap serangan hama atau penyakit jeruk. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah sebuah sistem informasi identifikasi hama dan penyakit pada tanaman buah Jeruk berbasis website.
Kata kunci : Hama, Jeruk, Pakar, Euclidean Distance
Abstract
Provision of information systems about Citrus Disease in Pagaralam City is still manual so that it does not function optimally when disseminating information to farmers, extension workers & other users. Disease is an important problem faced by farmers in the farming of citrus fruits, in addition to reducing the production of disease attacks also reduces the quality of yields. Therefore, to find out what diseases that attack citrus plants, we need a system for identifying information on diseases in citrus fruit based on a website. With this application farmers are expected to be able to assist in diagnosing pests & diseases that are attacking their citrus plants, so they can also know how to handle them and prevent wider attacks. The method of activities used in making this expert system for diagnosis of orange disease are situation analysis, knowledge collection, design, testing & evaluation, documentation and maintenance. This expert system uses the Euclidean Distance method or the shortest distance from each symptom that exists against pests or citrus diseases. The results obtained are a website-based information system for identifying pests and diseases in citrus fruit plants.
Keywords : Pests, Oranges, Experts, Euclidean Distance
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Saipol Anuar, Mohd Amar Shafiq, and Nusaibah Syd Ali. "Significant Oil Palm Diseases Impeding Global Industry: A Review." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-06.
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Oil palm is the most well-known high yielding and versatile oil crop grown. In 2019, Malaysia ranked as the world's second largest producer of palm oil products (28%) after Indonesia (57%), contributing around USD 9.07 billion to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and has been the main economic contributor in the agriculture sector. In recent years, increase in demand has paralleled production. However, pests and diseases have been the major constraints in production causing reduction in palm oil quality and yield. This paper reviews a current status of oil palm diseases of significant economic importance affecting the global oil palm industry. Plant diseases such as basal stem rot (BSR), Fusarium wilt, Phytophthora bud rot, Pestalotiopsis leaf spot, common spear rot, orange spotting and upper stem rot (USR) have been classified as the major diseases of oil palm in terms of economic importance. This paper discusses on the damages caused by the diseases, the causal pathogens and pathogenicity, symptoms as well as treatments or control in the view of developing measures to manage occurrences.
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Pavlova, E. V., E. V. Krasilnikova, V. A. Motorina, S. V. Kokovkina, and T. V. Tarabukina. "Features of the development of remontant raspberry varieties in the natural and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic." Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 (2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-1-29-36.
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The paper presents an analysis of the possibility of growing remontant type raspberry varieties in an annual culture in the climate of the northern regions, which solves the problem of shoots overwintering, both in decorative gardening and industrial plantings. The first stage of research in the collection nursery in the experiment on five remontant raspberry varieties regarding the requirements for soil and climatic conditions, resistance to diseases and pests, growth characteris-tics and individual development allows us to assess the development features of remontant raspberry varieties in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The collection nursery of remontant forms of raspberries of the Institute of Agrobio-technologies of the Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, RAS, was founded in 2018 and is represented by 5 varieties: Ruby necklace; Firebird, Elegant, Orange miracle, Hercules (St.). The studies were carried out according to the provisions of the standard method of field experiment during the growing seasons of 2018-2019. Agrometeorolo-gical conditions in 2018 were favorable for raspberry plants, in contrast to 2019. The unfavorable bal-ance of heat and humidity in the growing season of 2019 caused the end of the development of remontant raspberries at the stage of vegetative growth (Hercules variety) or flowering phase (4 varieties). Variety Orange miracle in the condi-tions of the Komi Republic is more susceptible to the risks of developing mycoses and damage by shoot gall midge. According to the results of two years of research, the Ruby Necklace variety showed good results in the formation of a certain number of shoots, resistance to pests and diseases, and the general condition of plants.
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Tarabukina, T. V., E. V. Pavlova, E. V. Krasilnikova, and V. A. Motorina. "RESULTS OF A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF REPAIRED VARIETIES OF RASPBERRY FOR GROWING IN NATURAL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI." Scientific Life 15, no. 11 (2020): 1440–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-11-1440-1453.
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The possibility of using remontant varieties adapted to the climate of the northern regions will allow solving the problem of overwintering raspberries, both in amateur and industrial plantings. Obtaining primary experimental data on the requirements for soil and climatic conditions, resistance to diseases and pests, growth characteristics and individual development in five remontant raspberry varieties is the first stage in the development of guidelines for the formation of remontant raspberry agrophytocenoses in the Komi Republic. The collection nursery of remontant forms of raspberries of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in 2018 and is represented by 5 varieties: Ruby necklace; Firebird, Elegant, Orange miracle, Hercules (St.). The studies were carried out according to the provisions of the standard method of field experiment during the growing seasons of 2018-2019. Agrometeorological conditions in 2018 were favorable for raspberry plants, in contrast to 2019. The unfavorable balance of heat and humidity during the growing season of 2019 caused the end of the development of remontant raspberries at the stage of vegetative growth (Hercules variety) or the flowering phase (4 varieties). Variety Orange miracle in the conditions of the Komi Republic is more susceptible to the risks of developing mycoses and damage by shoot gall midge. In the standard variety Hercules, despite the good vegetative growth of shoots in both years, a massive transition of plants to the ripening of berries was not noted. According to the results of two years of research, the varieties Ruby Necklace and Elegant showed good results in the formation of a certain number of shoots, resistance to pests and diseases, and the general condition of plants at the end of flowering.
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Rodríguez-Machado, Eniel, Osmany Aday-Díaz, Luis Hernández-Santana, Jorge Luís Soca-Muñoz, and Rubén Orozco-Morales. "Spectral signature of brown rust and orange rust in sugarcane." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 96 (February 21, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191042.
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Precision agriculture, making use of the spatial and temporal variability of cultivable land, allows farmers to refine fertilization, control field irrigation, estimate planting productivity, and detect pests and disease in crops. To that end, this paper identifies the spectral reflectance signature of brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), which contaminate sugar cane leaves (Saccharum spp.). By means of spectrometry, the mean values and standard deviations of the spectral reflectance signature are obtained for five levels of contamination of the leaves in each type of rust, observing the greatest differences between healthy and diseased leaves in the red (R) and near infrared (NIR) bands. With the results obtained, a multispectral camera was used to obtain images of the leaves and calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results identified the presence of both plagues by differentiating healthy from contaminated leaves through the index value with an average difference of 11.9% for brown rust and 9.9% for orange rust.
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Purba, Endang Christine, and Bambang S. Purwoko. "TEKNIK PEMBIBITAN, PEMUPUKAN, DAN PENGENDALIAN HAMA PENYAKIT TANAMAN KOMODITI JERUK SIAM (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) DI KECAMATAN SIMPANG EMPAT DAN KECAMATAN PAYUNG, KABUPATEN KARO, SUMATRA UTARA, INDONESIA." Pro-Life 6, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/pro-life.v6i1.940.
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Citrus is one of the horticultural commodities that has been a focus of development in 2018. Citrus is the fourth largest commodity in the percentage of Indonesia fruit production in 2014. In 2014, citrus fruit production in Indonesia was 1,785,256 tons or around 9.01% of national fruit production. Karo Regency is a citrus production center in North Sumatra, Indonesia. According to the Direktorat Jendral Hortikultura (2015) the production of citrus commodities was 173.921 tons (53,30%). In 2014, there were 3,150,060 productive citrus trees with a harvested area of 7,875 ha and a production of 500,243 tons in North Sumatra. One of the varieties grown by farmers in Karo Regency is Siam. High productivity of siam is certainly also influenced by seedlings, fertilization and controlling the pests. To determine this, research has been conducted on farmers in Simpang Empat and Payung Districts, Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. To get quality Siam seeds, farmers in two research locations used Japansche citroen plants as rootstock because they were resistant to disease and drought. Fertilization of siam uses inorganic fertilizer as much as 3-4 months, while organic fertilizer as much as 10 months. The control of pests of siam citrus is done mechanically and chemically. Pests and diseases that usually attack siam are Bractocera spp, black lice, fruit borers, fungus and powdery mildew.
Keywords: cultivation, seedling, fertilizer, pest, productivity, orange, Citrus nobilis
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Zhao, Pengyue, Li Zheng, Yuanyuan Li, Chaojie Wang, Lidong Cao, Chong Cao, and Qiliang Huang. "Tank-Mix Adjuvants Regulate the Deposition, Absorption, and Permeation Behavior of Pesticide Solutions on Rice Plant." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081119.
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Pesticide foliage treatment is used in agricultural production to protect plants from diseases, pests, or weeds. Tank-mix adjuvants added to the barrel can improve the effective utilization rate of pesticides. Herein, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the effect of three kinds of tank-mix adjuvant on the deposition, absorption, and permeation behavior of epoxiconazole and chlorantraniliprole solutions. Surface tension and contact angle results indicate that polyether-modified trisiloxane may be the best surface-active agent for pesticides, whereas methyl oleate and green-peel orange essential oil were found to be more suitable for improving pesticide deposition, absorption, and permeation in some cases. These findings indicate that various tank-mix adjuvants had different effects on pesticide application on plants. Appropriate tank-mix adjuvants need to be selected for comprehensive practical application.
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Wangmo, Duptho, Ugyen Dorji, Tshering Dema, and Tashi Dorji. "Sweet potato varieties to diversify cultivars in Bhutan." Bhutan Journal of Natural Resources and Development 9, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17102/cnr.2022.69.
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Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam) is an important root crop grown in the world. It provides carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fibre and essential minerals. With limited varieties available, and the crop being undocumented thus far, sweet potato production in Bhutan is insignificant and has not gained scope in agricultural food systems. For nutrient and crop diversification, three improved varieties from Japan, and a local variety as a check were evaluated under three different agro-ecological zones to ascertain their performance in terms of yield and other yield attributes. The experiment was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments each with three replications. There was no significant difference in yields between the varieties. Nonetheless, it was observed that orange flesh variety (Bajo kewa ngam II) outyielded (13.8t/ac) all other experimented varieties across all experimental sites. The variety orange flesh (Bajo kewa ngam II) followed by Beni Azumi (Bajo kewa ngam I) and Gorojima were the most preferred variety based on their yield potential, pests and diseases tolerance, organoleptic test (taste, texture and colour) and yield attributes. All the three varieties showed good yield stability.
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Radiyanto, Indriya, Siswanto Siswanto, and Indra Tjahaya Amir. "Biopesticides And Biofertigation Practice to Overcome Land Fertility and Plants Cultivation Problems in Magetan District." AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v2i1.6.
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Magetan Regency is one of the leading fruit production centers (Pamelo Oranges) and vegetables in East Java. Production of Pamelo orange as a superior product of Magetan regency, during the last 10 years tends to decrease both in terms of quantity and quality. This is as a result of fruit fly pest attack is quite massive and viral; as well as vegetable crops that still depends on pesticide and chemical fertilizers. Quantity and quality of fruit and vegetable products are still not optimal because: 1). There are still pests and diseases that can not be controlled in an environmentally friendly manner, 2) The cultivation of pamelo and vegetable plants in Magetan regency has not been fully applied organic fertilizer intake, 3). Gardening irrigation technology still relies on rain water and semi-technical irrigation. The objective of the action research through Community Partnership Program (CPP) is to provide a touch of science and technology that is expected to accelerate the creative economic activities of the community by providing skills training based on organic materials including: 1. The utilization of yard land by planting vegetables; 2. The production soil enhancer; 3. Production of urine-based biopesticide ; 4. Simple book keeping practice in small-medium scale agriculture, and 5. Production of Pamelo orange-based food. The methods used in facilitating the improvement of skills of farmers and dairy farmers joined in micro small and medium enterprises including lecture, field practice and mentoring. The result of activities is expected to be able to: a). improve farmers skills in good plant care through integrated pest and disease control and organic based fertilization through fertigation. b). Make environmentally friendly fertilizers and pesticides independently. c). Increasing the production and quality of agricultural products. d). Innovative organic biofertilizers products.
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Salamiah, Salamiah. "PERANAN TOKSIN YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE DALAM MENIMBULKAN PENYAKIT DIPLODIA PADA BEBERAPA JENIS JERUK." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 9, no. 2 (August 24, 2009): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.29158-167.
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Role of toxin produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae causes Diplodia Bark Diseases on some citrus. The purpose of the research was to study the role of toxin produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae causes diplodia bark diseases on some citrus. Research was conducted from March through November 2007. The experiment was done at the laboratory and at a glass house of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture and the laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Mathematics Lambung Mangkurat University in Banjarbaru. For a leaf-necrosis bioassay of crude toxin production, the surfaces of the leaves were scratched near the center with a needle, and culture filtrate samples (50 µl) were placed on each wounded site. Treated leaves were incubated in a moist chamber with light at 26oC for 4 days, and toxin activity was determined by induction of veinal necrosis on the seven susceptible cultivar of citrus. The results of the experiment showed that the B. theobromae pathogens produced the toxin. The crude toxin was bioassayed for leaf necrosis to determine their ability to produce toxin. Culture filtrates of the isolate were highly toxic only on five susceptible citrus leaves siam Banjar citrus, sweet orange, lime, kaffir lime, and sour lime, indicating that the B. theobromae can produced toxin. Pathogenicity and toxin production of B. theobromae did not differ among different cultivar. While, no necrotic symptom produces on the pummelo and sunkist. Toxin production of B. theobromae produced during spore germination.
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Salafuddin, Muhammad, and Umi Rosyidah. "SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT BUAH NAGA MENGGUNAKAN BACKWARD DAN FORWARD CHAINING." CCIT Journal 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/ccit.v10i1.507.
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Farmersknowledge about dragon fruit disease is still low. Many farmers still rely on the knowledge of an expert to be able to diagnose a disease, so it takes a long and costly. This expert system can be used as information and guidelines for disease that appears on dragon fruit plants and to fill them. Pests on dragon fruit include mealybugs, aphids, ants, grasshoppers, mites and snails. While the disease in dragon fruit include: rust red algae, patches of orange tendrils, white vine, vine blight and anthracnose.The method used is backward chaining and forward chaining, the system is implemented into a web that can be operated by the public, especially dragon fruit farmer. This expert system is an application that uses facts and reasoning techniques that are used by an expert. The use of this expert system can provide information and guidance to users in the form of possible types of diseases that attack the dragon fruit plants based on symptoms entered by the user. This system can provide assistance in the form of services to farmers or farmers plant dragon fruit dragon fruit to diagnose disease in a timely fashion
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Dambier, Dominique, Pascal Barantin, Gabriel Boulard, Gilles Costantino, Pierre Mournet, Aude Perdereau, Raphaël Morillon, and Patrick Ollitrault. "Genomic Instability in Somatic Hybridization between Poncirus and Citrus Species Aiming to Create New Rootstocks." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020134.
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Rootstocks are an important component for citrus adaptation to increasing biotic and abiotic stresses resulting from global climate change. There is a strong complementarity between Citrus species, which adapt to abiotic stresses, and Poncirus trifoliata and its intergeneric hybrids, which exhibit resistances or tolerances to major diseases and pests. Thus, symmetrical somatic hybridization between complementary diploid rootstocks of these two genera appears to be an efficient way to develop new tetraploid rootstocks in order to address the new challenges of the citrus industry. New intergeneric somatic hybrids were obtained by electrofusion between protoplasts of Citrus and P. trifoliata hybrids. Extensive characterization of the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes was performed by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis. This revealed diploid cybrids and nuclear somatic hybrids. Mitochondrial genomes were mostly inherited from the callus parent, but homologous recombination events were observed for one parental combination. Chloroplasts exhibited random uniparental inheritance. GBS revealed local chromosomal instabilities for all nuclear somatic hybrids and whole chromosome eliminations for two hybrids. However, at the whole genome level, symmetrical addition of the nuclear genomes of both parents was predominant and all somatic hybrids displayed at least one trifoliate orange haplotype throughout the genome.
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Yusidah, Ida. "PEMANFAATAN GULMA TEMBELEKAN, BUNGA TELANG DAN TRICHOKOMPOS SEBAGAI AGEN HAYATI PENGENDALI HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN." Al-Khidmat 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jak.v5i2.20028.
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AbstrakMasa pandemik covid-19 dan serangan hama dan penyakit adalah beberapa faktor penghambat produksi tanaman yang mempu menurunkan hasil secara kualitas maupun kuantitas yang pada akhirnya dapat merugikan secara ekonomi. Solusi untuk mengatasi kondisi tersebut perlu dilakukan sehingga kebutuhan pangan dan makanan masyarakat tetap dapat dipenuhi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan di Kp. Manjah Beurem Kec. Cileunyi Wetan Kab Bandung.ini bertujuan guna memberikan alternatif pengendalian hama dan penyakit tumbuhan yang murah, mudah dan bersifar ramah lingkungan di masa dan pasca pandemik covid-19 guna terpenuhinya kebutuhan pangan dan makanan setiap orang dan hajat orang banyak serta untuk memberikan edukasi mengenai peranan gulma tembelekan, bunga telang sebagai pestisida nabati dan Trichokompos beserta pelatihan cara pembuatan dan aplikasinya. Metode pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan pemberian materi dan diskusi, praktik dan evaluasi serta pembagian agen hayati secara gratis. Adapun materi yang disampaikan pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah mengenai budidaya tanaman pangan, pertanian organik, hama dan penyakit tanaman pangan, pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman. Peserta yang hadir yang merupakan perwakilan kelompok tani dan warga sekitar RW 7 Kp. Manjah Beureum, Cileuyi Wetan cukup antusias mengikuti rangkaian acara pelatihan dari awal sampai kegiatan selesai dengan banyaknya pertanyaan serta diskusi yang diajukan guna mengatasi masalah masalah yang mereka hadapi pada tanaman budidayanya dan berkaitan dengan materi dan praktik yang disampaikan. Selain itu peserta juga masih melakukan keberlanjutan penggunaan agen hayati ini setelah acara pengabdian selesai.AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic and attacks by pests and diseases are some factors that inhibit crop production, which can reduce yields in both quality and quantity, having a detrimental economic effect. Solutions to overcome these conditions must be implemented to meet the food and food needs of the community. A community service activity was carried out in Kp. Manjah Beurem Kec. Cileunyi Wetan, Bandung Regency, with the aim of providing an alternative for controlling pests and plant diseases that is cheap, easy, and environmentally friendly during and after the Covid-19 pandemic, in order to meet the food and food needs of everyone and to provide education about the role of weeds tembelekan, butterfly pea flower as a vegetable pesticide, and Trichocompost, along with training on how to make and apply it. This community service method was carried out by providing material and discussion, practice, and evaluation, and distributing biological agents free of charge. The material presented in this community service activity was related to the cultivation of food crops, organic farming, pests and diseases of food crops, and control of pests and plant diseases. The participants, who were representatives of farmer groups and residents, were quite enthusiastic about participating in a series of training events from start to finish, raising many questions and discussions to overcome the problems they faced with their cultivated plants and related to the materials and practices presented. Furthermore, the participants also continued to use this biological agent after the service event was over.
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Sugri, Issah, Bonaventure Kissinger Maalekuu, Eli Gaveh, and Francis Kusi. "Sweet Potato Value Chain Analysis Reveals Opportunities for Increased Income and Food Security in Northern Ghana." Advances in Agriculture 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8767340.
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Sweet potato has gained prominence due to its ability to adapt to wide production ecologies and yield response to minimal external inputs. Orange-fleshed cultivars in particular have immense potential to improve household income and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the sweet potato value chain (SPVC) is not well-developed in many producing countries. The study was conducted in two regions to characterize the production operations as well as identify opportunities to propel the SPVC in Northern Ghana. Data were collected using mixed methods including structured questionnaires via face-to-face interviews. Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) was conducted at multistakeholder platforms with different actors. Gross margin profit and benefit-cost ratios were determined by using six cost variables. Overall, the industry was largely a fresh produce market, targeting food vendors, processors, and direct selling to wholesalers, retailers, and household consumers. The SWOT analysis revealed wide-ranging opportunities including favourable production ecologies, processing options, and insatiable local and international markets. The institutional actors need to network the primary actors to synergistically operate with a collective profit motive. The most prioritized production constraints such as access to seed, cost of chemical fertilizer, short shelf-life, field pests and diseases, and declining soil fertility should be addressed.
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Utkhede, R., and S. Mathur. "Fusarium Fruit Rot of Greenhouse Sweet Peppers in Canada." Plant Disease 87, no. 1 (January 2003): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.100c.
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In the summer of 2001, a fruit rot of orange sweet peppers (Capsicum annum L. cv. Sympathy MZ) was observed in commercial greenhouses in British Columbia, Canada. According to the grower's estimate, approximately 40% of fruits in the commercial greenhouse were severely affected in the year 2001 and approximately 10% in 2002. The disease appeared on mature fruits at harvest time, and affected fruits are considered as culls. The disease appeared as discolored soft patches or necrotic spots predominantly at the calyx end and occasionally, anywhere on the mature fruit at harvest time. Seeds and the surrounding area inside the fruits were covered with fungal growth and orange-pink spore masses. Five fungal isolations were made from the lesions. Infected tissues from the edge of lesions were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, blotted dry on sterile filter paper, and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Plates were incubated at 22°C for 7 days. Single spore fungal colonies isolated from the tissues yielded Fusarium sp. Only one fungal species was consistently isolated from affected pepper fruits. Morphology of the fungus was consistent with Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenweber & Reinking) Nelson et al. according to Keith Seifert of Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. Molecular tests are being developed to confirm the identification of the fungus. To confirm pathogenicity, 10 flowers and developing fruits of sweet pepper cv. Sympathy MZ grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with the pathogen. For inoculation, 20 μl of spore suspension of the fungus (concentration 106 spores/ml) was drop-inoculated on the wounded and unwounded surfaces of fruits. To inoculate flowers, a spore suspension was drop-inoculated in the middle of flowers without any wounding. Controls were treated with 20 μl of sterile water. The experiment was repeated once. Approximately 80% of inoculated fruits and flowers developed symptoms on fruits similar to naturally infected fruits at maturity. Fruits from control plants did not develop any disease. On PDA, a Fusarium species identical to the original one was recovered from all inoculated infected fruits. A preliminary study showed that this pathogen does not infect other greenhouse crops such as tomato, cucumber, or lettuce. Sweet pepper stem and fruit rot caused by Fusarium solan has been reported previously (1) but there is no report of fruit rot caused by a Fusarium subglutinans-like species on greenhouse sweet peppers. Reference: (1) J. G. Menzies and W. R. Jarvis. Fusarium stem and fruit rot. Pages 333–334 in: Diseases and Pests of Vegetable Crops in Canada. R. J. Howard et al. eds. The Canadian Phytopathological Society and Entomological Society of Canada, 1994.
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Damanik, M. Feisal Reza, and Andreas Rumata Simanjuntak. "ANALISIS SIKAP PETANI KELAPA SAWIT DALAM PEMBELIAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN SIMPANG EMPAT KABUPATEN ASAHAN)." JAS (Jurnal Agri Sains) 6, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36355/jas.v6i1.814.
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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui karakteristik petani di Kecamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupaten Asahan. (2) Mengetahui atribut apakah yang paling dianggap penting oleh petani dalam memilih benih kelapa sawit. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, kuisioner dan observasi. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 86 orang ditentukan menggunakan Rumus Slovin. Hasil penelitian ini adalah atribut yang paling berpengaruh pada Sikap Petani Kelapa Sawit Dalam Pembelian Bibit Kelapa Sawit adalah dimulai dari atribut Harga Jual, Merek, Mutu Bibit, Ketahanan terhadap Hama Dan Penyakit, Potensi produksi Dan Promosi.Kata kunci:Sikap, Atribut, Bibit ABSTRACTThis study aims to (1) determine the characteristics of farmers in Simpang Empat District, Asahan Regency. (2) Knowing what attributes are most considered important by farmers in choosing oil palm seeds. Data collection techniques using interviews, questionnaires and observation. The number of samples in this study was 86 people determined using the Slovin formula. The results of this study are the attributes that have the most influence on the Attitude of Oil Palm Farmers in Purchasing Oil Palm Seeds, starting from the attributes of Selling Price, Brand, Seed Quality, Resistance to Pests and Diseases, Production Potential and Promotion.Keywords:Attitudes, Attributes, Seed
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Sumiati, Astri, and Reza Prakoso Dwi Julianto. "ANALISIS RESIDU PESTISIDA PADA JERUK MANIS DI KECAMATAN DAU, MALANG." BUANA SAINS 17, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v17i1.574.
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Citrus is one type of fruit that is highly favored by the people. Citrus plants are vulnerable to pests and plant diseases that intensive use of pesticides in the field can not be avoided. Citrus fruits commonly consumed in the form of raw materials that need to be considered food quality and safety of citrus fruits to public health. This study aims to identify and analyze pesticide residues in citrus fruits in the district of Dau, Malang (a case study in the Village Tegalwaru subdistrict Dau, Malang) as one of the centers of citrus production in East Java with the use of pesticides are quite diverse. This research is a survey and observational with cross sectional approach. Data use of pesticides by farmers was measured by a survey conducted for the farmers and merchants. The sample was 3 kg of oranges produced by three farmers and 3 kg of oranges produced by 3 merchants Village Tegalwaru District of Dau, Malang where interviews illustrate the differences in the type and frequency of the use of pesticides during the growing season oranges, which is a high level (sample A ), medium (sample B) and low (sample C). The measurement results residues acephate, carbofuran, carbosulfan, diazinon, dimethomorp, fenobucarb, profenofos, pyrethrin everything is still below the Limit of Detection (LOD) testing in the laboratory PT. Angler Biochem Lab. In profenofos residue tests on samples found to be higher farmer is 0.108 ppm compared with a sample of traders is 0,050 ppm. The conclusions of this study are bauh oranges produced by farmers in the sub-district Tegalwaru Dau, Malang get evidence that pesticide residues are still below the prescribed MRL.
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Novotný, D., I. Křížková, J. Krátká, and J. Salava. "First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on Strawberry in the Czech Republic." Plant Disease 91, no. 11 (November 2007): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-11-1516b.
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Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmond is the causal agent of anthracnose rot and strawberry blackspot. This pathogen is listed by the EPPO as a regulated (formerly quarantined) organism for all European countries and is widely distributed throughout Europe (e.g., the United Kingdom, France, and Germany) (2). In the autumn of 2005, typical symptoms of anthracnose caused by C. acutatum (circular, dark, and sunken spots on fruit, dark, sunken lesions on petioles, and withering of the leaf, buds, and flowers) were repeatedly observed on field-grown strawberry plants in the Mělník Region of central Bohemia and Břeclav Region in southern Moravia, Czech Republic. Strawberry fruits and petioles showing typical symptoms were surface sterilized (30 s in 70% ethanol, 1 min in 10% NaOCl, and 15 s in 70% ethanol), rinsed in sterile water, dissected under aseptic conditions, and plated on 2% malt extract agar or placed in wet chambers and incubated at room temperature (18 to 20°C) for 10 days. All isolated strains were independently identified by morphological characteristics, plate-trapped antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA) (1), and PCR with the C. acutatum-specific primers ITS4 and CaInt2 (3). Morphological studies of C. acutatum were carried out on potato dextrose agar (4). The colonies were white, cream, grayish, or rose-orange before sporulation and the colony reverse was cream to orange with brown spots. The mycelial growth rate was 7.5 mm per day at 25°C. The conidia were one-celled, hyaline, cylindrical, 11.3 to 19.7 × 3.6 to 5.5 μm, and the majority of conidia were pointed at either or both ends. The appresoria were brown, globose to ellipsoidal, 5.0 to 7.5 × 5.0 to 6.2 μm, and the sclerotia were absent. Ten strawberry plants with green fruits of each cultivar Elsanta and Kama were sprayed with 500 ml of suspension of C. acutatum conidia (104 conidia per ml). This test was carried out in the glasshouse under quarantine conditions at 20 to 25°C. C. acutatum caused withering of the flowers or dark brown spots on green fruits on five plants of cv. Elsanta and on four plants of cv. Kama after a 6-week incubation period. Isolation and identification of the pathogen from the diseased tissues were done as described above. C. acutatum was reisolated from three fruits, four leaf blades, and four petioles from five plants of cv. Elsanta and four fruits, four leaf blades, and two petioles from four plants of cv. Kama. The fungus was not reisolated from the control strawberry plants. In three cases, the pathogen was detected in the crown of plants of cv. Elsanta by PCR and ELISA. References: (1) Anonymous. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 34:155, 2004. (2) I. M. Smith and L. M. F. Charles, eds. Distribution Maps of Quarantine Pests for the European Union and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 1998. (3) S. Sreenivasaprasad et al. Plant Pathol. 45:650, 1996. (4) P. Talhinhas et al. Phytopathology 92:986, 2002.
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Raman, K. V. "SURVEY OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN AFRICA: PESTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 213 (September 1987): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.213.15.
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Kagezi, Godfrey H., P. Kucel, J. Kobusinge, L. L. Nakibuule, F. Akwatulira, and I. Perfecto. "Characterising the Coffee-Banana Agroforestry Systems: an Entry Point for Promoting Coffee and Banana Growing in mid-Northern Uganda." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v18i2.5.
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This study was conducted in the mid-Northern Ugandan districts of Nwoya, Gulu, Lira, Apach and Oyam to characterise the coffee-banana agroforestry systems. Thirty fields with coffee-banana agroforestry systems were selected and the level of field and crop management determined. Additionally, five coffee and banana plants were randomly selected and assessed for pests and diseases. All fields had Robusta coffee type whereas cooking bananas were the dominant clone (45%). Field management was limited. More than 80% of the fields had no bands, trenches or cover-crops. Most of the fields were lowly weeded (46.7%) and mulched (60%). Intercropping was low with 20% having maize or cassava. Similarly, most fields were lowly inter-planted with trees (40%) with only 28 tree/shrub species and dominated by fruit trees; namely oranges (70%), mangoes (63.3%) and pawpaw (56.7%) of the total number of tree species observed in the systems. Generally, 40% of coffee fields had not been de-suckered, pruned or changed cycle. However, at least 35% of the coffee fields were highly pruned and their cycle changed. For bananas, more than 70% of the fields were not de-suckered, propped or their corms removed, but 63% of them had been de-leafed and de-budded at a low to moderate level. Leaf skeletonisers and coffee leaf rust were the most observed pest (77.3%) and disease (15.3%) respectively. Pest damage was limited in bananas, though black Sigatoka was the commonest disease observed (56%). It is concluded that the region has embraced the systems but there is need for farmers to be provided with the right species of coffee, banana and trees.Keywords: Agroforestry-systems, cooking-bananas, Robusta-coffee.
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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Wheat Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 159, no. 4 (October 5, 2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01750.x.
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Kadir, Abdul, Anwar Anwar, and Ridwan Ridwan. "ANALISIS BIAYA DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI BERBAGAI KOMODITI HORTIKULTURA DI KECAMATAN GERUNG KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT." AGROTEKSOS 30, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v30i2.574.
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ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Biaya dan Pendapatan Usahatani berbagai komoditi hortikultura di Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriftif, Penentuan desa sampel dilakukan secara Purposive sampling dan Penentuan jumlah petani responden dilakukan secara quota sampling sebanyak 75 orang . Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan Rumus analisis biaya dan pendapatan. Sementara untuk menghitung Kelayakan Usaha, rumus yang digunakan adalah Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui usahatani berbagai komoditi hortikultura layak diusahakan, karena nilai R/Cdari semua komoditi yang diteliti lebih dari satu. Adapun permasalahan yang dihdapai oleh petani responden berbagai jenis sayuran di Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat diantaranya adalah hama/penyakit, pengairan, pupuk, obat-obatan, harga, dan iklim
ABSTRACT
Research aims to know the cost and income farming various horticultural commodities in District Gerung West Lombok Regency. This research is done by the method of Deskriftif, sample village determination is done in Purposive sampling and determination of the number of farmers conducted by quota sampling as much as 75 people. The data analysis method used in this study is to use the formula for cost and income analysis. While calculating the business feasibility, the formula used is the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C). Based on the results of the research is known farming various horticultural commodities are worth the effort, because the value of R/Cfrom All commodities are examined more than one. The problems that were struck by farmers respondents various types of vegetables in the district Gerung West Lombok District among others are pests/diseases, irrigation, fertilizer, medicines, prices, and climate
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Szabo, L. J., D. S. Mollov, and C. Rosen. "First Report of Garlic Rust Caused by Puccinia allii on Allium sativum in Minnesota." Plant Disease 97, no. 2 (February 2013): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-12-0686-pdn.
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High-quality garlic is an emerging crop grown in Minnesota for local markets, community supported agriculture, and select restaurants. In July 2010, Allium sativum cv. German Extra Hardy Porcelain plants showing foliar symptoms typical of rust infection were brought to the Plant Disease Clinic at the University of Minnesota by a commercial grower from Fillmore County, Minnesota. Infected leaves showed circular to oblong lesions (1 to 3 mm long), which ranged in color from yellow-orange (uredinia) to black (telia). Urediniospores collected from uredinia were globoid to ellipsoid, yellowish in color, and measured 18 ± 1 × 30 ± 2 μm with a wall thickness of 2.4 ± 0.5 μm. Teliospores were two celled, 18 ± 3 × 47 ± 10 μm, with a projected cross-sectional area (1) of 826 ± 87 μm2; cell walls were smooth, brown, 1.6 ± 0.3 μm (proximal cell) to 2.1 ± 0.5 μm (distal cell) thick, and 4.2 ± 0.8 μm at the apex. The pathogen was identified as Puccinia allii (2) and a sample was deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collection (BPI 884132). DNA was extracted from infected leaf tissue and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and 5′ end of the large subunit (LS) was amplified and sequenced as described by Anikster et al. (1). The 1,257-bp sequence from the sample collected in Minnesota (GenBank Accession No. JX402206) was identical to ITS/LS sequence of a sample of P. allii collected from garlic in California (GenBank Accession No. AF511077), with the exception that MN sequence contained nine “A”s rather than 10 in the hyper-variable area at the 3′ end of the ITS region. P. allii has been shown to be a species complex comprising at least two different types, “leek type” and “garlic type” (1). Based on the ITS sequence and the projected cross-sectional area of the teliospores, the sample of P. allii from MN is consistent with the garlic type. Garlic rust occurred in localized foci late in the growing season and therefore did not cause significant loss to the 2010 crop. Reoccurrence of garlic rust was not reported in either 2011 or 2012 growing seasons in Minnesota. P. allii all but eliminated commercial garlic production in California in the late 1990s (1) and has the potential to cause significant negative impact to the emerging garlic crop in Minnesota. However, the epidemiology of garlic rust in the northern U.S. is not well understood and therefore predicting the risk of the Minnesota garlic crop to rust is difficult. References: (1) Y. Anikster et al. Phytopathology 94:569, 2004. (2) L. J. Szabo et al, Rust. Pages 41-44 in: Compendium of Onion and Garlic Diseases and Pests, Second Edition. H. F. Schwartz and S. K. Mohan, eds. APS Press, St. Paul, 2008.
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Rodríguez, Ana, Victoria San Andrés, Magdalena Cervera, Ana Redondo, Berta Alquézar, Takehiko Shimada, José Gadea, et al. "The monoterpene limonene in orange peels attracts pests and microorganisms." Plant Signaling & Behavior 6, no. 11 (November 2011): 1820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.11.16980.
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Mirnawati, Mirnawati, Andi Nuddin, and Yusriadi Yusriadi. "Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Tani Kakao Di Desa Taulo Kecamatan Alla Kabupaten Enrekang." Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem 21, no. 3 (December 24, 2021): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/eco.v21i3.1138.
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Penelitian ini dilaksanakan Di Desa Taulo Kecamatan Alla Kabupaten Enrekang dari bulan November 2020 sampai dengan bulan Januari 2021. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan yang diperoleh dalam usaha tani kakao, kelayakan usaha tani kakao dan strategi pengembangannya dengan menggunakan metode analisis kelayakan dan analisis Interpretativ Stuktural Modelling ISM dengan pengambilan data melalui wawancara dengan pengisian kuisioner untuk analisis pendapatan dan kelayakan sebanyak 32 orang responden dan 16 responden untuk analisis ISM. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kelayakan 2,25 dan Hasil analisis ISM diperoleh program strategi yang strategis adalah : (2) Pembinaan kelompok tani/gapoktan, (1) Rehabilitas tanaman kakoa, (6) Peningkatan kualitas produk/mutu biji kakao, (4) Peningkatan peran penyuluhan, (3) Pengelolaan pasca panen, (5) Pengembangan produktivitas lahan, (8) Pengembangan pemasaran produksi, (12) pemberantasan hama dan penyakit, (11) Peningkatan sarana produksi, (10) Peningkatan agroimput, (7) Pengstabilan harga. ABSTRACT This research was conducted in Taulo Village, Alla District, Enrekang Regency from November 2020 to January 2021. The study aims to find out how the income earned in cocoa farming is, how is the feasibility of cocoa farming and how is the development strategy using feasibility analysis methods and Interpretative analysis. ISM Structural Modeling with data collection through interviews by filling out questionnaires for income and feasibility analysis as many as 32 respondents and 16 respondents for ISM analysis. The results of this study indicate that the feasibility level is 2.25 and the results of the ISM analysis obtained that strategic strategic programs are: (2) Fostering farmer groups/gapoktan, (1) Rehabilitation of cocoa plants, (6) Improving product quality/quality of cocoa beans, (4 ) Increasing the role of extension, (3) Post-harvest management, (5) Development of land productivity, (8) Development of production marketing, (12) eradicating pests and diseases, (11) Increasing production facilities, (10) Increasing agro-imput, (7) Price stabilization
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Rodríguez-Gómez, Amador, Alberto Donate, Isabel Sánchez-Martínez, Virginia Balanza, Ana Belén Abelaira, María del Carmen Reche, and Pablo Bielza. "Inheritance and Biological Characterization of an Orange-nymph Mutant in Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)." Insects 13, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13110996.
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A mutation showing a distinct orange color in the nymph stages was found in Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a key biological control agent in protected crops, used to control small pests, especially thrips. A laboratory strain carrying this body color mutation ambar was established. Genetic analysis determined that the mutation (ambar) was controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. Some biological and ecological characteristics of this orange strain were compared to a normal population. Longevity, fecundity and fertility were similar in both populations, but immature survival, development rate, body size, starvation tolerance and predation capacity were inferior in the orange strain. The utility of the orange mutant as a visible marker for biological and ecological studies of this important biological control agent is discussed.
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Pantin, Igor'. "Orange Pills for Russian Diseases." Russian Politics & Law 49, no. 5 (September 2011): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rup1061-1940490506.
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Ibrahim, Fitiwy, Tsehaye Hadush, Gebretsadkan Abraha, and Araya Alemu. "Evaluation of Some Botanical Extracts Against Major Insect Pests (Leafminer, Armored scale and Woolly Whitefly) of Citrus Plants in Central Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia." Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 11, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v11i2.6.
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Citrus fruit production is suffering from various yield-limiting factors particularly the sucking pests viz, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus and scale insects especially armored scales Aonidiella auriantii. The present paper tries to identify the effective botanical insecticides against these insect pests on citrus orange. An experiment was conducted in the established citrus orange farm in Kolla Temben at two farmer’s fields, Adiha and Agibe during the off-season of 2018 under irrigation growing condition in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and replicated thrice. The findings in both experimental sites showed that the neem seed extract had a significantly (P=0.001) lower leafminer infestation levels compared to the untreated control which is on par to the insecticide treatment of dimethoate. On the other hand, in both areas, whitefly mortality of more than 81% on average was recorded from neem seed extract followed by Tree tobacco (70%) (P=0.001). For scale insects however, in both experimental sites, the highest mean percent mortality was recorded from the insecticide dimethoate 40% EC (86.9%, 87.2 & 86.0%on average) followed by neem seed and tree tobacco extracts,70.1 and 65.4% respectively. The botanicals particularly the neem seed extracts followed by tree tobacco are as effective as the chemical insecticide, dimethoate 40% EC, even superior in some cases, in controlling the target pests. Therefore, these botanicals could be used as an IPM component for against the target pests.
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Govintdes, Rollando, M. Revin Reginal, Mokhamad Gustiawan, Ristu Juli Yudianto, Ahmad Surya, and Sari Susanti. "Penerapan Teorema Bayes Untuk Mengidentifikasi Penyakit Tanaman Bonsai." Jurnal Nasional Komputasi dan Teknologi Informasi (JNKTI) 4, no. 4 (August 28, 2021): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jnkti.v4i4.3097.
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Abstrak - Tanaman Bonsai merupakan tanaman atau pohon yang dikerdilkan di dalam pot dangkal dengan tujuan membuat miniatur dari bentuk asli pohon besar yang sudah tua di alam bebas. Tanaman Bonsai sangat rentan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit terutama apabila bonsai tidak dirawat dengan baik. Dimana cara merawat tanaman bonsai mulai dari pemupukan sampai pembentukan harus sangat diperhatikan dan sangat teliti, meski perawatan tanaman ini sama saja seperti perawatan tanaman lainnya. keberadaan hama dan penyakit pada bonsai tentunya dapat mengurangi keindahan dari bonsai tersebut. Oleh karena itu penanaman dan pemeliharaan bonsai memerlukan ketelitian dan kesabaran, berbeda dengan menanam tanaman lainnya. karena bentuknya yang indah dan menarik dan biasa dipajang di halaman rumah sebagai hiasan untuk menambah keindahan rumah, sehingga orang yang melihat akan merasa tertarik. Tujuan yang di dapat memberikan informasi dalam mendiagnosa penyakit tanaman bonsai dan mendapatkan hasil diagnosa yang tepat dan akurat.Kata Kunci : Bonsai, Teorema BayesAbstract - Bonsai plants are plants or trees that are dwarfed in shallow pots with the aim of making miniatures of the original form of large trees that are old in the wild. Bonsai plants are particularly susceptible to pest and disease attacks especially if bonsai is not well cared for. Where how to care for bonsai plants ranging from fertilization to formation should be very careful and very careful, although the treatment of this plant is the same as the treatment of other plants. the presence of pests and diseases in bonsai can certainly reduce the beauty of the bonsai. Therefore planting and maintaining bonsai requires thoroughness and patience, in contrast to planting other plants. because the shape is beautiful and interesting and usually displayed in the yard as a decoration to add to the beauty of the house, so that people who see will feel interested. The purpose of which can provide information in diagnosing bonsai and get the right diagnosis and accurate results.Keywords : Bonsai, Teorema Bayes
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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring pests and diseases of linen." Защита и карантин растений, no. 5 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_5_25.
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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring of legume pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 3 (2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_3_22.
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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Hop Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01617.x.
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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Beet Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01626.x.
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Kidd, Hamish, and Len Copping. "BCPC Conference 2000 - Pests and Diseases." Pesticide Outlook 12, no. 1 (2001): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b100807m.
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Choi, Won Il, and Young-Seuk Park. "Management of Forest Pests and Diseases." Forests 13, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111765.
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The occurrence patterns of forest insect pests and diseases have been altered by global events such as climate change. Recent developments in improved monitoring methods and tools for data analyses provide new opportunities to understand the causes and consequences of such changes. Using a variety of management tools, forest pest management programs can mitigate the influence of global changes on forest health. The goal of this Special Issue is to improve our understanding of the root causes of changes that have induced global changes. Fifteen papers are included in this Special Issue, covering several issues in forest pest management. One paper reviews the causes of Korean oak wilt, and another paper discusses fourteen invasive tree pests in Russia. The remaining thirteen papers cover issues related to the monitoring and management of forest pests. These studies provide a better understanding of the causes of change in the patterns of forest pests under the influence of global changes. These reviews also contribute to the development of forest-pest-management strategies to mitigate such impacts on forests due to global changes.
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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring of potato pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 11 (2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_11_20.
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Mikhina, N. G., and Yu V. Bukhonova. "Monitoring of cabbage pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 12 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_12_14.
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Choi and Park. "Monitoring, Assessment and Management of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100865.
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Forest pests are one of the most important factors disturbing forest ecosystems, by impacting forestry economy, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainable ecosystem management. Monitoring the occurrence of forest pests offers clues to understand their impacts on the forest ecosystem and develop a sustainable ecosystem management strategy. This special issue is designed to create a better understanding of the changes and impacts of forest pests according to forest changes, caused by natural or anthropogenic causes. There are 13 papers published in this special issue, covering several issues concerning forest pests. Two of the papers reviewed the changes in forest pests in Korea or Poland. The remaining twelve papers covered issues concerning the monitoring, assessment, and management of forest pests. Through this special issue, we expect to contribute towards the improvement of our knowledge of the structures and processes in forest ecosystems relating to forest pests and fundamental information for the effective management of forest pests.
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Ahmed, Qasim, Ahmed B. Aljuboory, and Ahmed Alsabte. "The Response of Bitter Orange Citrus Aurantium Trees to the Infestation of Oriental Yellow Scale Aonidiella Orientalis in Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012092.
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Abstract Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the differences between uninfested and infested bitter orange Citrus aurantium leaves with oriental yellow scale Aonidiella orientalis in Iraq. From this experiment, it is reasonable to determine that releases of volatile organic compounds from both uninfested and infested bitter orange C. aurantium as a response to the infestation of the oriental yellow scale A. orientalis. Some volatile organic compounds were found in uninfested leaves, while GC-MS did not detect others. Infested leaves by oriental yellow scale insects emitted significantly D-Limonene and β- Ocimene more than uninfested leaves of bitter orange. In contrast, the uninfested leaves emitted the compound Alloaromadendrene more than infested bitter orange. The changing of chemical profile in the bitter orange leaves can explain the response of citrus trees to the infestation of oriental yellow scale A. orientalis as a way of pest control by repellence insect pests or attractive the beneficial insects.
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Luo, She Zhou, and Cheng Wang. "Forest Pests and Diseases Forecasting Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2945.
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Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely applied to the field of pest management, which provides the new ways and methods for integrated pest research, prevention and control. The main purpose of this study is to forecast and manage forest pests and diseases. For this purpose, I developed the forest pests diseases forecast system, by using ArcObjects (AO) and Visual Basic as the secondary development platform. The system is able to synthetically analyze and judge relevant data, such as weather forecast and tree species, according to the occurrence laws of the forest pests and diseases and the characteristics of biology. The system uses Markov chain and other methods to forecast the occurrence period, amount, scope and the degree of harm of pests and diseases. To validate the reliability of Markov chain model, the pests and diseases data of Liu'an City of Anhui Province, in China from 1975 to 2001, to be applied. The results show that the method used is reliable. The occurrence area and location of forest pests and diseases can be labelled and displayed on the electronic map with three-dimension.
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Ghanim, N., and Laila Elgohary. "FIELD EVALUATION OF CERTAIN INSECTICIDES AGAINST SOME INSECT PESTS INFESTING ORANGE TREES." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2015.53059.
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K, Elango, Jeyarajan Nelson S, and Dinesh Kumar P. "Influence of colour on oviposition behaviour in green lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben - Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." ENTOMON 45, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v45i1.506.
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The Green lacewing, Chrysoperla zastrowi silleni (Esben-Peterson), also known as “aphidlion” is a beneficial insect predator of various insect pests. The laboratory experiment was conducted during 2018-19 to evaluate the substrate colour preference for egg laying by C. zastrowi sillemi. Egg receiving sheets were pasted with white, black, green, indigo blue, yellow, brown, violet, sky blue, pink, red and orange colour papers. Among all colours C. z. sillemi females preferred orange colour as a substrate for egg laying with maximum number of eggs (43.13/female/day) followed by red colour substrate (25.50 eggs/female/day). White and black were least preferred.
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Phophi, Mutondwa M., and Paramu L. Mafongoya. "Constraints to Vegetable Production Resulting from Pest and Diseases Induced by Climate Change and Globalization: A Review." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p11.
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Vegetable production worldwide is constrained by pests and diseases which effects are exacerbated by climate change and variability. Greenhouse gas emissions are also increasing due to poor agricultural practices and other human activities. This will continue to have a negative impact on the prevalence of insect pests and diseases. This review focuses on the climatic factors that impact on insect pests and diseases of vegetable crops. High atmospheric temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide increases pest development, survival of pests and distribution of pest to new areas. The distribution of insect pests and diseases are not due to climate changes only but are also a result of globalisation and poor biosecurity measures at country borders. There is limited information on the distribution of pests and diseases due to globalisation in African countries. New exotic pests will continue to be introduced to countries if biosecurity measures are not improved. Future research must focus on how to manage emerging pests and diseases influenced by high temperatures and carbon dioxide and other climatic conditions which influence pest severity under smallholder farmers in the southern African regions.
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Abo-Shnaf, Reham, and Sahar Ali Attia. "Complementary description of Kuzinellus niloticus (El-Badry) (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Egypt." Acarologia 62, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/rqg5-jj0i.
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This paper provides a complementary description of Kuzinellus niloticus (El-Badry) based on specimens recently collected on mandarin orange orchards, Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) at Sohag governorate, Egypt. The mite specimens were extracted using modified Tullgren funnels. This predator could have a role as possible biological control agent for some pests on citrus trees.
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Nguru, Wilson, and Caroline Mwongera. "Predicting the future climate-related prevalence and distribution of crop pests and diseases affecting major food crops in Zambia." PLOS Climate 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): e0000064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000064.
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Environmental factors determine the suitability of natural habitats for crop pests and often facilitate their proliferation and that of the crop diseases they carry. Crop pests and diseases damage food crops, significantly reducing yields for these commodities and threatening food security in developing, predominantly agricultural economies. Given its impact on environmental factors, climate change is an important determinant of crop pest and disease distribution. This study uses Targeting Tools, a climate suitability analysis and mapping toolkit, to explore the potential impact of climate change on select environmental factors linked to crop pest and associated diseases’ proliferation. Based on the existing literature, prediction modeling was performed on 21 key pests and diseases that impact the major food crops for Zambian consumption. Future changes in habitat suitability for these crop pests and diseases were mapped based on their optimal temperature and relative humidity conditions for proliferation. Results project that there will be an overall increased geographical spread of suitable habitats for crop pests (and as follows, crop diseases) that thrive in warmer environments. By the 2030s, crop pests and diseases will increasingly spread across Zambia, with a higher likelihood of occurrence projected under RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Crop pests and diseases that thrive in cooler environments will experience decreasing habitat suitability in the 2030s, but will transition to a slower decrease in the 2050s under RCPs 2.6 and 4.5. Overall crop pest and disease habitat suitability will continue to rise slowly in the 2050s; RCP 8.5 shows an increased habitat suitability for crop pests and diseases that thrive in warm environments, with a decreased likelihood of occurrence for crop pests and diseases that thrive in cooler environments. The results highlight the need for future-facing, long-term climate adaptation and mitigation measures that create less suitable microclimates for crop pests and diseases.