Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oral tolerance'
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Boulton-Jones, John Robert. "Oral tolerance to soluble protein antigens in humans." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22766.
Full textRowsell, Paul. "Oral tolerance and immune mechanisms in food-induced diabetes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9599.
Full textSmith, Karen Margaret. "An investigation of oral tolerance and priming in vivo." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269497.
Full textFuller, Kathleen Ann. "Oral tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis : the humoral arm /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148767684711592.
Full textAfuwape, Adeyemi Olutosin. "Oral tolerance and sensitisation : immunoregulation after feeding of ovalbumin and cow's milk." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312961.
Full textHarper, Helen Margaret. "The induction of immune responses in the murine small intestine." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389589.
Full textDieti, Anastasia. "Influence of guar galactomannan on antigen absorption and induction of immunological oral tolerance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433117.
Full textMeyer, Abbie L. "Oral tolerance to myelin basic protein in mice : suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487934589975749.
Full textRider, Kelly N. "Examination of the effect of reduction of probiotic species Lactobacillus due to broad spectrum antibiotic treatment on oral tolerance." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/442.
Full textMcGarry, Robert Gerard. "Modelling insulin/glucose dynamics and application to the analysis of oral glucose tolerance tests." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335562.
Full textPorter, David A. "The effect of oral coenzyme Q10 on the exercise tolerance of middle-aged, untrained men." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/776715.
Full textBenson, Jacqueline M. "Efficacy and mechanisms of oral tolerance to myelin basic protein in relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487952208108922.
Full textMorettini, Micaela. "Mathematical model of standard oral glucose tolerance test for characterization of insulin potentiation in health." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241987.
Full textTwo new formulations, respectively denominated INT_M1 and INT_M2, of an integrated mathematical model to describe the glycemic and insulinemic responses to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are proposed and compared. The INT_M1 assumes a single compartment for the intestine and the derivative of a power exponential function for monophasic representation of gastric emptying rate profile. In the INT_M2, a nonlinear three-compartment system model is adopted to produce a more realistic, multiphase gastric emptying rate. Both models were implemented in a Matlab-based, two-step procedure for estimation of seven adjustable coefficients characterizing the gastric emptying rate and the incretin, insulin and glucose kinetics. Model behaviour was tested vs. data of mean plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucose and insulin concentrations provided by two different laboratories, where glycemic profiles observed during a 75 g OGTT were matched in healthy subjects (HC1- and HC2-group, respectively) by means of an isoglycemic intravenous glucose (I-IVG) infusion. Under the hypothesis of an additive effect of GLP-1 and GIP on insulin potentiation, our results demonstrated a substantial equivalence of the two models in matching the data. Model parameter estimates showed to be suitable markers of differences observed in the OGTT and matched I-IVG responses from the HC1-group compared to the HC2-group. Model implementation in our two-step parameter estimation procedure enhances the possibility of a prospective application for individualization of the incretin effect in a single subject, when his/her data are plugged in.
Gregg, Amy B. "The immunological effects of antibiotic treatment and probiotic populations on oral tolerance in ova fed mice." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371839.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Jewell, Scott Douglas. "The distribution of MBP-specific T cell populations in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis : mechanisms of oral tolerance /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078449496.
Full textMatsunaga, Yoichi. "Oral immunization with size-purified microsphere beads as a vehicle selectivery induces systemic tolerance and sensitization." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151402.
Full textKlinke, Thomas, Susanne Kneist, Soet Johannes J. de, Eberhard Kuhlisch, Stephan Mauersberger, André Förster, and Wolfgang Klimm. "Acid Production by Oral Strains of Candida albicans and Lactobacilli." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133219.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
Peron, Jean Pierre Schatzmann. "O fenômeno da tolerância oral e a regulação de células patogênicas Th17 no modelo de encefalomielite experimental auto-imune." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-17092008-113606/.
Full textIt has recently been shown the role of IL-17 secreting cells on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and also in its model, EAE. Due to the secretion of this and other cytokines, the population so called Th17, promotes the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the following infiltration of pathogenic cells into the CNS. In this context, in our work we used the oral tolerance phenomenon to evaluate its supressive capacity, more specifically over the Th17 cells. We showed that oral tolerated mice has a diminished production of IL-17 both in the periphery and in the CNS. Futhermore, we detected lower levels of CCL2 and IL-6 also from brain and spinal cord extracted mononucear cells at day 10th post-immunization. We were not able to detect differences on IL-4,5,10, 13, IL-12p70, TNF-a, e IFN-g between the groups. Thus, our results show that the oral tolerance phenomenon suppresses EAE findings, mainly due to a lower lymphoprolipherative response associated to a supression over the expansion of Th17 pathogenic T cells both in the periphery and inside the CNS.
Ljunggren, Stefan, and Robert G. Hahn. "Oral nutrition or water loading before hip replacement surgery; a randomized clinical trial." Linköpings universitet, Anestesiologi med intensivvård, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84540.
Full textFunding Agencies|Olle Engkvist Byggmastare Foundation||Stockholm County Council|2009-0433|
Xavier, Aurelizia Maria Lemos. "Estudo imunológico e histopatológico da infecção experimental por Schistosoma mansoni em camundongos geneticamente selecionados para tolerância oral." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8174.
Full textSchistosomiasis affects 207 million people, with more than 200 000 deaths annually. Its main etiological agent is the helminth Schistosoma and the main experimental model, the mouse. Strains of mice genetically selected for susceptibility (TS) and resistance (TR) immunological tolerance are good models for the study of specific and nonspecific immune response in infections. The objective of this study was to characterize the experimental infection with S. mansoni in these mice, demonstrating the immunopathology of several parameters in the acute phase of infection. TR and TS did not differ in the penetration of cercariae, adult worms recovery, fecundity/ productivity of eggs from females of S. mansoni, but dead eggs prevailed in TS. The greater the number of couples, the more probability of changing couples and female sexual regression, and slight reduction of the eggs productivity. Ultrastructural analysis of parasites recovered from TS males had swollen tubercles, shortened spines and lower density of them than the parasites of TR. The tegument of the parasites recovered from TS appeared disorganized, intensely vacuolated and with a tendency to detach from the surface and internalized spines and disorganized vitelline cells. TS developed large hepatic granulomas with radial fibers and predominance of exudative-productive stage with characteristics of productive stage (EP/P), while TR mice developed smaller granulomas, with concentric fibers and predominance of exudative-productive granulomas. TS developed hepatomegaly more pronounced in the acute phase of infection and exacerbated splenomegaly in chronic phase. The aspartate aminotransferase was higher in TR mice consistent with the marked histolysis in initials TR granulomas. It is possible that the lower histolysis in TS mice has contributed to its severe hepatomegaly in acute phase. Serum total leukocytes increased in TS acute and chronic phases, but not in TR. TS had anemia during the chronic phase of infection, possibly due to deviation in bone marrow hematopoiesis for the production of leukocytes or apoptosis of red blood cells. The neutrophil myeloperoxidase from liver and ileum were higher in TS and the eosinophil peroxidase was higher in the TS ileum. Both strains produced IFN-γ, but functional levels of IFN-γ were different in the two strains in cell culture. It is possible that severe liver immunopathology in TS strain may to be related to high IFN-γ titers. TS produced IL-10 in larger quantities, however this cytokine was not able to regulate the overgrowth of hepatic granulomas. High levels of IL-4 in TS strain are also consistent with the exacerbation of granulomas, because as IL-13, IL-4 induces collagen synthesis and is related to the development of fibrosis in schistosomal granuloma. We observed reduction in the relative percentage of TCD4 + liver cells of infected animals in both strains and percentage reduction in subpopulations of B lymphocytes in bone marrow (precursors, immature and mature B lymphocytes, plasma cells) stronger in TS than TR, possibly due to extensive mobilization of immature B cells induced by inflammation or hematopoiesis deviation for synthesis of granulocytes in TS. Quantitatively, TR did not change their subpopulations of B lymphocytes. TS and TR are good models for studying the immune response in experimental schistosome infection. Further studies are needed to confirm our proposals and to understand the mechanisms underlying the difference in immune response of these strains in the relationship schistosoma-host.
Klinke, Thomas, Susanne Kneist, Soet Johannes J. de, Eberhard Kuhlisch, Stephan Mauersberger, André Förster, and Wolfgang Klimm. "Acid Production by Oral Strains of Candida albicans and Lactobacilli." Karger, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27496.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
Crimmins, Nancy. "Prevalence and Predictors of Abnormalities in Carbohydrate Metabolism in a Cohort of Obese Youth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258490989.
Full textLegere, Susan Elena. "Narratives of Injustice: Measuring the Impact of Witness Testimony in the Classroom." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2599.
Full textCan a vivid presentation about a tragic chapter of history elicit in viewers an empathetic reaction, as well as evidence of the telescopic perspective Mills[1] ([1959] 2000) described as the "sociological imagination"? Does the addition of victims' voices make a noticeable difference in their response to the historical event, as well contemporary controversies? Some scholars propose that oral histories, especially witness testimonies, have the potential to reach audiences more deeply than facts alone. "Narratives," as K. Slobin observed, "unfold with flesh and blood...encouraging empathy, identification and a humanization of content" (in Bochner and Ellis, 1992:171).[2] But, little systematic research has examined how or to what extent personal testimony may encourage empathetic understanding and a broader, more nuanced understanding of social problems. In an era where entertainment content skews toward "reality" programming and technology supersedes face-to-face interactions, the challenge to pierce cultural white noise is great. Educators, then, must figure out ways to counteract the desensitization, apathy and cynicism that follow these trends--but in ways that are proven, effective and lasting. My research sought to discover if victim narratives help students connect intellectually and emotionally with lessons about social justice. Thirteen undergraduate classes were exposed to three variations of a fact-based, multimedia presentation about Japanese internment in America during WWII. Each presentation included the same photographs, newsreel, and factual information. Presentations varied, however, in their use of survivor testimony and in the manner of its incorporation (video versus written accounts). Two groups of the sample were exposed to survivors describing their experiences in the internment camps. All groups completed surveys, and 21 participants gave extensive interviews. Data analysis examined information recall, sociological perspective, emotional response, empathetic identification and predictions of future behavior. The experiment generated much-needed empirical data on the efficacy of testimony and its ability to shape attitudes, broaden world view, and possibly influence behavior. These findings will assist educators in anticipating outcomes associated with various heuristic strategies, especially those including witness testimonies. [1] Mills, C. Wright. 1959. The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford, 2000. [2] Bochner, Arthur P. and Caroyln Ellis. 1992. "Personal Narrative as a Social Approach to Interpersonal Communication." Communication Theory 2(2)165-172. Comment from K. Slobin is listed as a personal communication with the authors in February 1991
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
Helm, Jennifer. "Assessing glycaemic control in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessing-glycaemic-control-in-cystic-fibrosis(44f8e211-ef09-468d-ad22-f393457eb51b).html.
Full textDelgobo, Murilo. "MODULAÇÃO DA RESPOSTA IMUNE FRENTE À INDUÇÃO DE TOLERÂNCIA ORAL A TOXINA DERMONECRÓTICA PRESENTE NO VENENO DE Loxosceles intermedia e TOLERÂNCIA ORAL SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE SISTEMAS COMPLEXOS." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/984.
Full textBrown-Spider’s venom (Loxosceles sp.) is presented as a complex mixture of toxins, able to induce skin necrosis with gravitational spreading, intense inflammatory response, edema induction and increase in vascular permeability in vivo. Recently, the biotechnological potential of the toxins was explored by its use in clinical test, in the study of inflammatory response, as a research tool in cell biology, as a biopesticide and in immunotherapy, through the production of antiserum. In this context, immunotherapy is broadly spread through the production of vaccines, available for the treatment of deleterious reactions developed in accidents. In the present work, we investigated if immunological tolerance induction to dermonecrotic recombinant toxin (LiRecDT1) and its mutated form (LiRecDT1 H12A), through its oral administration, could modulate inflammatory and deleterious responses triggered by dermonecrotic toxin. For this purpose, an oral tolerance protocol was designed, consisting in the administration of 10 μg of LiRecDT1 and LiRecDT1 H12A three times in a week, for three weeks. Adult Swiss mice were further immunized, and oral tolerance induction was observed by reduction in serum levels of IgG antibody anti-toxin when compared with control group. It was observed that mice tolerant to LiRecDT1 H12A present a reduction in paw edema, caused by the injection of 6 μg of dermonecrotic toxin in plantar surface hind paw. Mice tolerized with LiRecDT1 and challenged with 50 μg of dermonecrotic toxin, exhibited higher survival, when compared to control group. This effect was not observed in mice tolerized to LiRecDT1 H12A. The present findings suggested that oral tolerance induction to LiRecDT1 H12A was able to alleviate inflammatory responses triggered by dermonecrotic toxin in paw edema and oral tolerance to LiRecDT1 increase survivability in challenge. The results shown that LiRecDT1 and LiRecDT1 H12A can be explored as a tool in the induction and study of oral tolerance phenomena. The generation of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and following involvement of immunosuppressive cytokines might take part in the modulation of immune response.
O veneno de aranha-marrom (Loxosceles sp.) apresenta-se como uma mistura complexa de toxina, capazes de causar necrose com espalhamento local, intensa resposta inflamatória, indução de edema e aumento da permeabilidade vascular in vivo. Recentemente, o potencial biotecnológico das toxinas foi explorado através de seu uso em análises clínicas, no estudo da resposta inflamatória, como ferramenta de pesquisa na biologia celular, como biopesticidas e na imunoterapia, através da produção de anti-soro. No presente trabalho, foi investigado se a indução de tolerância imunológica à toxina dermonecrótica recombinante (LiRecDT1) e sua forma mutada (LiRecDT1 H12A), através de sua administração oral, poderia modular as respostas inflamatórias e deletérias causadas pela toxina dermonecrótica. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um protocolo para indução de tolerância oral, consistindo na administração de 10 μg de LiRecDT1 e LiRecDT1 H12A três vezes por semana, durante três semanas. Camundongos Swiss fêmeas adultas foram posteriormente imunizadas, e a indução de tolerância foi confirmada pela diminuição nos níveis de anticorpos IgG anti-toxina em relação ao grupo controle, resultado que aponta a obtenção de sucesso na indução de tolerância imunológica. Observou-se que animais tolerantes a LiRecDT1 H12A apresentaram uma diminuição no edema desenvolvida na pata, causado pela aplicação de 6 μg de LiRecDT1 na superfície plantar traseira. Animais tolerizados com LiRecDT1 e desafiados com 50 μg intraperitoneal de toxina dermonecrótica apresentaram maior índice de sobrevivência, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Esse efeito não foi observado em animais tolerizados com LiRecDT1 H12A. Os dados obtidos no presente trabalho sugerem que a indução de tolerância oral à LiRecDT1 H12A é capaz de atenuar o desenvolvimento da resposta inflamatória no edema de pata, enquanto a tolerância oral a LiRecDT1 foi capaz de aumentar a sobrevivência em animais desafiados com LiRecDT1. Os resultados demonstram que as toxinas LiRecDT1 e LiRecDT1 H12A podem ser exploradas como ferramenta na indução e estudo da tolerância oral. A geração de células T regulatórias (Tregs) e subsequente participação de citocinas imunossupressoras devem estar envolvidas na modulação da resposta imune.
Ruberti, Maristela 1975. "Caracterização fenotípica e funcional das células imunocompetentes da mucosa intestinal envolvidas na tolerância oral a ovalbumina." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317404.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Trabalhos anteriores de nosso laboratório mostraram que camundongos transgênicos DO11.10, cuja maioria dos linfócitos T expressam TCR específico para ovalbumina (OVA) no contexto de...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Previous work from our laboratory showed that DO11.10 transgenic mice, in which the most of T lymphocytes express TCR specific for ovalbumin (OVA) in the context of...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document
Doutorado
Imunologia
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
Santos, Patricia Barros dos. "Efeito imunomodulatório do resveratrol em células do sistema imune in vitro e na administração via oral de ovalbumina em camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-06082010-142006/.
Full textResveratrol, a polyphenol of natural origin, is described as a substance-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and anticancer. Several studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory activity of resveratrol in vitro and in vivo, stimulating or decreasing the secretion of cytokines involved in Th1/Th2 response. Besides the use as adjuvants in vaccines, the discovery of new immunomodulatory substances can be applied for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases imunodegenerativas with loss of peripheral tolerance or systemic. The aim of this study is to relate the modulating effect of resveratrol on tests of endocytosis in macrophages and secretion of IL-6 (IgA production) and IL-10 (Th2 response and mucosal tolerance) with the production of anti-ova IgG and IgA after oral immunization route. The results of in vitro tests showed an increase of endocytosis in macrophages and decrease in IL-6 secretion by cells isolated from Peyer\'s patches at concentrations below 50 mM of resveratrol. After oral administration of resveratrol 10 mg / kg was observed to significantly increase the secretion of IL-10 in splenocytes isolated from Balb / C. In groups immunized with 1 mg ovalbumin / animal and resveratrol (5 mg and 10 mg / kg) orally two times with 14 days intervals, significant increase of IgG level in relation to the group immunized with ovalbumin only. But the production of IgA in serum and intestinal lavage decreased, indicating a possible increase in oral tolerance. These results demonstrate the immunomodulatory effect of resveratrol in vitro / in vivo and the need for more studies on substance use as a vaccine adjuvant or immunosuppressive drugs mucosa.
Ferreira, Tamara Nascimento. "Potencial das toxinas recombinantes Potencial das toxinas recombinantes do veneno de aranha marrom como ferramentas na indução de tolerância oral e imunomodulaçãodo veneno de aranha marrom como ferramentas na indução de tolerância oral e imunomodulação." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2015. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2432.
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A tolerância oral é definida como uma supressão a respostas imunológicas específicas após imunização com um antígeno que foi previamente administrado por via oral. Esse método tem sido estudado, nas últimas décadas, como uma ferramenta na redução de respostas imunes humorais e celulares envolvidas em doenças autoimunes e alergias e parece ser uma alternativa para reduzir ou retardar a rejeição de transplantes. Neste estudo investigamos o potencial das toxinas dermonecróticas recombinantes do veneno da aranha marrom Loxosceles intermedia em induzir estado de tolerância de mucosas em modelo animal, avaliando os mecanismos celulares envolvidos e a resposta imune do animal tolerante frente a estímulos imunológicos específicos e inespecíficos. As toxinas recombinantes utilizadas para indução da tolerância oral foram a LiRecDT1 (com atividade dermonecrótica) e sua forma mutada, LiRecDT1H12A, (com atividade dermonecrótica residual). Para indução de tolerância oral foi utilizado protocolo com baixas doses de antígeno, onde foram tolerizados camundongos adultos Swiss, tratados oralmente com as toxinas recombinantes durante 21 dias, num total de 90g por animal. Para investigar possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na tolerância oral, foi avaliada a expressão fator de transcrição Foxp3 e da citocina TGF-β. Após o protocolo de tolerização os linfonodos mesentéricos foram processados para ensaio de western blotting e a expressão do fator de transcrição Foxp3 e da citocina TGF-β foram avaliados. Os grupos tolerizados com ambas as toxinas mostraram um aumento na expressão dos dois componentes, demonstrando que um dos mecanismos de tolerância oral no nosso modelo pode envolver aumento na população de linfócitos T regulatórios. Esse resultado pode ser reforçado pela dimimuição de edema de pata em camundongos naive que receberam, via intravenosa, esplenócitos de animais tolerizados com a toxina LiRecDT1 H12A (transferência adotiva). Além disso, pudemos observar que a tolerância induzida pela toxina LiRecDT1 H12A se estendeu a antígenos não relacionados (tolerância cruzada) com diminuição na produção de anticorpos IgG específicos e edema de pata em animais desafiados com veneno da vespa Polybia paulista. A tolerância oral induzida pela toxina LiRecDT1 H12A também permitiu aparente redução da resposta imunológica do animal tolerante frente ao enxerto alogênico de camundongos C57BL/6. Considerando os resultados obtidos é possível concluir que a tolerância oral induzida pelas toxinas LiRecDT1 e LiRecDT1 H12A pode envolver aumento na população de linfóticos T regulatórios cuja produção de citocinas anti-inflamatórias, pelo menos na tolerância induzida pela toxina LiRecDT1 H12A, pode reduzir a resposta imune a antígenos específicos e inespecíficos na tolerância cruzada e na redução de rejeição a transplantes.
Oral tolerance refers to physiologic induction of immunosuppression that occurs in mucosal induced by oral administration of an antigen. This method has been used to induce reduction of humoral and cellular responses involved in autoimmune diseases, allergies and may be an alternative to reduce transplant rejection. We investigated potential of dermonecrotic recombinant toxins of brown spider Loxosceles intermedia specie to induce a state of mucosal tolerance in a animal model. We did this by assessing the cellular mechanisms involved and the immune response of tolerant animals against specific and nonspecific immune stimulation. Dermonecrotic toxin LiRecDT1 and its mutated form, LiRecDT1 H12A (with residual dermonecrotic activity), has been used. Mice were treated with recombinant toxins, orally, for 21 days, with a total of 90g per animal. After oral tolerance protocol, mesenteric lymph nodes were processed for western blotting and the expression of nuclear transcription factor Foxp3 and cytokine Tgf-β were analyzed. LiRecDT1 and LiRecDT1 H12A tolerant groups showed an increase in expression of both proteins, which could be related to a increase in regulatory T-cells population. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes to naive mice from LiRecDT1 H12A tolerated group induced paw edema reduction, with supports this theory (adoptive transfer). Our results also demonstrated a bystander tolerance when LiRecDT1 H12A tolerated mice showed a decrease in IgG production and paw edema induction by Polybia paulista wasp venom. LiRecDT1 H12A tolerance also showed an apparent reduction in skin allograft rejection using C57BL/6 mice as donor and tolerated Swiss mice as receptor. Considering the results we concluded that oral tolerance induced by LiRecDT1 and LiRecDT1 H12A toxins could be involve increase in Tregs and non-inflammatory cytokines, and LiRecDT1 H12A tolerance can reduce specific and non specific immunology responses and allografts transplants rejection.
Thomé, Rodolfo 1987. "Modulação da artrite experimental induzida pela associação de colágeno tipo II e ovalbumina." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317410.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O camundongo BALB/c, linhagem geneticamente resistente à artrite induzida por colágeno (CIA), pode desenvolver um quadro similar ao de camundongos susceptíveis quando uma proteína não relacionada ao próprio, como a ovalbumina (OVA), é associada a colágeno tipo II (CII). Utilizando esse modelo, avaliamos se a tolerância oral a OVA poderia interferir nas respostas imunes contra CII, bem como o efeito da transferência adotiva de células dendríticas (DCs) tolerogênicas para camundongos artríticos. Para avaliação dos efeitos da tolerância oral sobre o desenvolvimento de artrite em BALB/c, os camundongos foram alimentados com OVA misturada à água de beber na concentração de 4mg/mL, por sete dias consecutivos, antes ou depois do desafio com CII+OVA (100?g/mL de cada antígeno). Para avaliar a participação de células dendríticas (DCs) tolerogênicas na modulação da artrite em BALB/c, células CD11c+ foram isoladas de baços de animais tolerantes à OVA e transferidas adotivamente para camundongos naïve, que foram subsequentemente imunizados com CII+OVA (100?g de cada antígeno). Para acompanhamento da evolução dos quadros de artrite, foram avaliados: o edema de patas, tomando-se regularmente as medidas de espessura de patas; realizadas análises histológicas dos tecidos articulares de joelhos e; conduzidas avaliações ex-vivo dos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-CII e de respostas proliferativas e produção de citocinas de linfócitos T esplênicos. O tratamento com OVA antes da indução de CIA preveniu o desenvolvimento da artrite em todos os parâmetros analisados, enquanto que o tratamento com OVA após o estabelecimento da doença reduziu significativamente a inflamação e a produção de anticorpos anti-CII. Observamos ainda que a transferência de DCs tolerogênicas preveniu o aparecimento dos sinais clínicos da doença e o aumento dos níveis de anticorpos específicos no soro e reduziu significativamente a proliferação de linfócitos T CII-específicos. Enquanto a frequência de células CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ foi maior nas culturas de células de animais recipientes de DCs tolerogênicas, houve redução significativa na frequência de células produtoras de IFN? e IL-17. Os níveis de TGF-?, IL-4 e IL-10 foram significativamente mais elevados nas culturas de células esplênicas de animais recipientes de DCs tolerogênicas, enquanto que os de IFN-?, IL-6 e TNF-? foram mais reduzidos. Tomados em conjunto, nossos resultados indicam que a tolerância oral a um antígeno não relacionado ao próprio modifica o curso da artrite experimental em resposta ao colágeno, e que células dendríticas com perfil tolerogênico estão envolvidas nos fenômenos observados
Abstract: BALB/c mice, genetically resistant to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), can develop a inflammatory condition resembling what is observed in susceptible strains when a non-related protein, such as ovalbumin (OVA), is associated with type II collagen (CII). Using this model, we evaluated whether oral tolerance to OVA could interfere in the immune response against CII, as well as the effect of adoptive transfer of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) to arthritic mice. In order to evaluate the effect of oral tolerance over arthritis development in BALB/c mice, animals were fed with OVA in the drinking water at a 4mg/mL concentration, for seven consecutive days, before or after challenge with CII+OVA (100?g of each antigen). In order to evaluate the participation of tolerogenic DCs in the modulation of arthritis, splenic CD11c+ cells were isolated from OVA tolerant mice and adoptively transferred to naïve mice, which were subsequently immunized with CII+OVA. In order to monitor the evolution of the severity of arthritis, we evaluated paw edema, taking paw thickness regularly measured; performed histological analyses of articular knee tissues and, conducted ex-vivo evaluation of serum specific antibody levels and proliferation and cytokine secretion of splenic T lymphocytes. The treatment with OVA before CIA induction prevented the development of arthritis in all analyzed parameters, while the treatment after disease onset significantly reduced inflammation and CII-specific antibody production. We also observed that tolerogenic DC transfer prevented the appearance of clinical signs of arthritis, the increase of serum specific antibody levels and significantly reduced CII-specific T lymphocytes proliferation. While the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells were higher in cell culture from tolerogenic DC recipient mice, frequency of IFN?- and IL-17- producing cells were significantly reduced. We observed that levels of TGF-?, IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly higher in cultures of splenic cells from mice recipient of tolerogenic DC, while levels of IFN-?, IL-6 and TNF-? were reduced. Taken together, our results indicate that oral tolerance to a non-related antigen modifies the course of experimental arthritis in response to collagen, and that dendritic cells with a tolerogenic profile are involved in the observed phenomena
Mestrado
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Ruiz, Viviane Christina. "Papel da indução de tolerância oral no remodelamento de vias aéreas e na expressão da óxido nítrico sintase neuronal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-17102014-102736/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The oral tolerance induction attenuates the inflammatory response and the production of secondary anaphylactic antibodies present in pulmonary allergy pictures in humans as well as in experimental models. In these situations, the bronchial remodeling modulation and the role of nitric oxide have not been previously studied. OBJECTIVES: 1. To develop two models of oral tolerance in guinea pigs with chronic pulmonary inflammation, characterizing: pulmonary mechanics, hyperreponsiveness to methacholine, exhaled nitric oxide (NOex), IgG1 antibodies, bronchial inflammation and eosinophylopoiesis. 2. To evaluate the bronchial remodeling and the expression of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzyme (nNOS) in bronchial epithelium of these animals. METHODS: The guinea pigs were submitted to ovalbumin or saline solution inhalation for 15 minutes or until they presented respiratory stress (this time period was called inhalation time). The protocol was repeated twice a week for 4 weeks. Oral tolerance induction was carried out by the administration of 2% oral ovalbumin, offered ad libitum, and the following groups were formed: 1. OT1 (received 2% oral ovalbumin from the first ovalbumin inhalation; 2. OT2 (received 2% oral ovalbumin from the fourth ovalbumin inhalation; 3. SAL (received water ad libitum and saline solution inhalations; and 4. OVA (received water ad libitum and ovalbumin solution inhalations). After being anesthetized, the animals were ventilated and evaluated regarding: 1. basal pulmonary mechanics and after ovalbumin (30mg/ml) or saline solution inhalation; 2. bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine; and 3. NOex was collected. At the end of the experiment, the pulmonary fragments were removed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, with the cyanide-resistant eosinophilic peroxidase histochemical technique (EPO+ cells), with the immunohistochemical technique for the detection of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and with Resorcin-fuchsin, Resorcin-fuchsin with oxidation and Picrosirius. The bone marrow was removed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The index of peribronchial edema, the EPO+ cells, the bronchial mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells and the eosinophils from the bone marrow were evaluated by morphometry. The epithelial bronchial nNOS+ cells and the elastic and collagen fibers were evaluated by optical densitometry. IgG1 antibodies were detected by Passive Skin Anaphylaxis. Statistical analysis was performed with the SigmaStat software program and a P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The OT1 and OT2 groups showed increased inhalation time, decrease in the maximum elastance response of the respiratory system after the antigenic challenge and with methacholine, decrease of peribronchial edema, eosinophils, polymorphonuclear, elastic and collagen fibers, eosinophylopoiesis, and IgG1 titers (P < 0.05). The mononuclear cells, the maximum resistance response of the respiratory system after the antigenic challenge and methacholine decreased in OT2 (P < 0.05). NOex and the percentage of nNOS+ epithelial cells were not altered in the tolerized groups. CONCLUSIONS: The oral tolerance induction concomitant to the start of sensitization or after the allergic response has been established, was capable of attenuating the eosinophilic inflammation, IgG1 titers and the bronchial remodeling present in this model of chronic pulmonary inflammation. The decrease in lymphomononuclear cells and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was more effective when the tolerance induction was carried out in animals that had been previously sensitized. The dissociation between the eosinophilic inflammation and NOex evaluation and the expression of nNOS in the bronchial epithelium suggests a new mechanism activated by the oral tolerance induction
Kondo, Yaeko. "The study of plasma glucose level and insulin secretion capacity after glucose load in Japanese." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215958.
Full textShao, Jing. "Glycated haemoglobin A1c compared to fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes : a meta-analysis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43240.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
MSc
Unrestricted
Silva, Daniele Vieira. "Efeito da terapia oral combinada com probióticos, Hsp65 e aloantígenos do doador no transplante de pele murino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-01032017-133659/.
Full textDespite the success of clinical transplantation, the significant side effects induced by immunosupressants used to prevent and treat rejection, indicate the need for novel immunoregulatory therapies. The oral route has been effective in inducing immunoregulation in several experimental models, mostly in pathological autoimmunity. Heat Shock protein 60/65 (Hsp) displays great immunotherapeutic potential due to its capacity to induce both pro-inflammatory and immunregulatory responses. We tested whether oral therapy with the probiotic Lactococcus lactis that expresses Hsp65, in combination with donor alloantigens (Donor-Allo-Ag), acted synergically, inducing immunotolerance or increasing graft survival, in a murine model of semiallogeneic skin transplantation. We tested different oral therapy combinations, as well as the association with a COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (celecoxib). Skin transplantation was performed 10 days after the last oral administration of probiotics and Donor-Allo-Ag. We observed no beneficial effect on graft survival in the group that received L.lactis that produce Hsp65, alone or in combination with Donor-Allo-Ag/and/or the anti-inflammatory drug. In contrast, combined oral therapy with wild type L.lactis and Donor-Allo-Ag significantly prolonged graft survival (p=0.01), in comparison to non-treated animals. In this prolonged-survival group (L.lactis and Donor-Allo-Ag), we also found higher extension of preserved epithelium (p=0.02) and higher expression of TGF-beta (p=0.04), within the graft, in comparison to non-treated animals. We found no significant differences in the intragraft expression of FOXP3 and IL-17, which was essentially absent or very low. We conclude that Hsp65 did not induce immunoregulatory effects capable of prolonging graft survival. However, the microbiota manipulation with the combined oral therapy with wild type L.lactis and Donor-Allo-Ag, prior to transplantation, induce immunoregulatory mechanisms capable of partially controlling the inflammatory responses to the graft, most likely involving the participation of TGF-beta
Turfkruyer, Mathilde. "Impact de la vitamine A du lait maternel sur le développement de la tolérance orale chez le nouveau-né et la prévention des maladies allergiques." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4103/document.
Full textIncreased prevalence of allergies in early life suggests a deficiency of immune regulation during this period. Oral tolerance is a key immuno-regulatory mechanism in the gut for immune homeostasis. The principal objective of my thesis was to determine in a murine model the mechanisms at the origin of oral tolerance in early life to better prevent allergy development. We found that induction of oral tolerance in early life is effective only from the 3rd week of life. The defect of oral tolerance observed during the first 2 weeks of life is the consequence of a defect in antigen capture and RALDH expression (enzyme which converts retinol in retinoic acid) by mesenteric CD103+ dendritic cells. Serum levels of retinol in neonatal period are very low, and an enrichment of the maternal milk with vitamin A allows to correct this neonatal deficiency as well as the defect of antigen presentation by the CD103+ dendritic cells. This enrichment also allows allergy prevention from the first days of life. To our surprise, while in adult mice, oral tolerance depends on the generation of regulatory T lymphocytes, oral tolerance observed in the 3 week-old mice and in the newborn which received vitamin A, depends on the generation of Th1 lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that vitamin A levels in early life are directly correlated with Th1 differentiation induced by oral administration of allergen, necessary for allergy prevention. This knowledge should now be taken into account for the implementation of allergy prevention strategies, more specific and better adapted to the neonatal period, such as a supplementation with vitamin A
Fors, Ronny. "Nickel allergy in a Swedish adolescent population and its relation to orthodontic treatment and lifestyle factors." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Odontologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1639.
Full textFirouzi, Shelby Anne. "Sagittal Abdominal Diameter, Waist Circumference, and BMI as Predictors of Multiple Measures of Glucose Metabolism: An NHANES Investigation of U.S. Adults." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6902.
Full textMiranda, Pedro Jeferson. "EMERGÊNCIA E FLUXO DE INFORMAÇÃO EM REDES COMPLEXAS." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/924.
Full textFundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
The emergence is a phenomenon that gives sense to the qualitative unity of any substance, consisting the reflex in the ontological act of perception. It is the conceptual key that justifies the use of complex network models to describe systems, which also are complex in nature. Given this key concept, it was desired to apply it on real objects in order to create new analysis methodologies. For this, graph’s theory and random walk’s theory were used as fundamentals for two study cases. One of them consists on an analysis of the mythological social network of Odyssey of Homer. It was found that this network displays structural characteristic of real social network mixed with fictional aspects associated to mythological characters. Another study was the oral tolerance phenomenon modeled as a complex network associated with stochastic dynamics. We applied the random walk as a way to understand the relative importance of each immunological component. Finally, it becomes evidenced that the key concept of emergence allows new forms of analysis using complex network theory as a model which comprises the complexity inherent on the conception of real systems.
A emergência é fenômeno que dá unidade qualitativa a qualquer substância, constituindo o reflexo no ato ontológico da percepção. É a chave conceitual que justifica o uso do modelo em redes complexas para descrever sistemas, que também são complexos naturalmente. Dada essa chave conceitual, buscou-se utilizá-la na geração de novas análises. Para tanto é empregado a teoria de grafos e a caminhada aleatória em dois estudo de caso. Um deles constitui a análise de uma rede mitológica referente à Odisseia de Homero. Foi verificado que a rede mitológica apresenta padrões de redes sociais reais quando excetuados da rede as personagens mitológicas. Em segundo lugar, foi realizado um estudo da tolerância oral como um fenômeno de rede complexa, foi utilizada a caminhada aleatória como modelo estocástico de difusão de estímulos numa rede complexa. Com isso, foi possível conhecer a importância relativa de cada componente imunológica. Por fim, fica evidenciado que o conceito chave de emergência permite a concepção de novas formas de análise, fundamentalmente no uso de redes complexas como modelos que albergam a complexidade inerente na concepção de sistemas reais.
TAVARES, Maria da Glória Rodrigues. "Alterações nas curvas glicêmicas de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus gestacional pelo critério IADPSG e a repercussão no peso fetal ao nascimento." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1901.
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is classified as glucose intolerance, whose onset or detection occurs during pregnancy. One of the ways to identify GDM is 75g oral glucose tolerance test. According to the International Diabetes and Pregnancy Association Study Group(IADPSG), GDM is diagnosed when at least 1 of the three curve points are greater than or equal to 92, 180 and 153 mg / dl at time 0 , 1 and 2 hours respectively. A characteristic of this criterion is the diagnosis based on a single altered value. However, the mechanisms involved in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are different from those found in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). So, differences in pregnancy outcomes are possible according to OGTT behavior. This work had as general objective to categorize pregnant women diagnosed with GDM, using the IADPSG criteria, according to the type of glycemic alteration found in the OGTT results, and to correlate with fetal weight birth. In order to do so, the cases of DMG treated at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, from December 2013 to December 2015, were divided into 3 groups, according to the alterations found in the glycemic curve of the OGTT (Group 1: IFG isolated, Group 2: IGT only, Group 3: IFG and IGT). A total of 89 patients were studied, the majority belonging to groups 3 (54%). This same group had the highest glycemic averages at diagnosis and during follow-up, being the group with the highest occurrence of newborns large for gestational age (LGA), with 39.6%. Then group 1 with an occurrence of 27.3% of newborns LGAs. It was concluded that, as pregnant women with DMG with altered fasting glycemia in the OGTT, especially those with associated glucose intolerance, presented a higher risk for newborns large for gestational age.
Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) é classicamente definido como intolerância à glicose de gravidade variável, cujo início ou detecção ocorre durante a gravidez. Uma das formas de rastreá-la é através da curva glicêmica após sobrecarga oral de glicose, com 75g de dextrosol. Segundo o critério do International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG), considera-se diagnóstico de DMG quando pelo menos um dos três pontos da curva encontra-se maior ou igual a 92, 180 e 153 mg/dl, nos tempos 0, 1, 2 horas respectivamente. Uma característica deste critério, é o diagnóstico baseado em apenas um único valor alterado, seja ele em jejum ou após a sobrecarga. No entanto, os mecanismos que levam à alteração da glicemia jejum (GJA) são diferentes daqueles encontrados na intolerância à glicose (ITG) após sobrecarga de glicose. Sendo assim, acredita-se poder haver diferenças, em relação aos desfechos fetais, a depender do perfil encontrado na curva glicêmica das gestantes com diagnóstico de DMG. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral categorizar as gestantes diagnosticadas com DMG pelo teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG), utilizando o critério do IADPSG, de acordo com o tipo de alteração glicêmica encontrada na curva de sobrecarga, e correlacionar com o peso fetal ao nascimento. Para isso, foram revisados os casos de DMG atendidos no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (HUUFMA), no período de dezembro de 2013 a dezembro de 2015, estes foram divididos em 3 grupos, de acordo com as alterações encontradas na curva glicêmica do TOTG (Grupo 1: GJA isoladamente; Grupo 2: ITG isoladamente, Grupo 3: GJA e ITG). Foram estudadas 89 pacientes, a maioria pertencente ao grupo 3 (54%). Este mesmo grupo apresentou as médias glicêmicas mais elevadas ao diagnóstico e durante o seguimento, sendo o grupo com maior ocorrência de recém-nascidos grandes para idade gestacional (GIG), com 39,6%. Em seguida o grupo 1 com uma ocorrência de 27,3% de recém nascidos GIGs. Concluiu-se que as gestantes com DMG com alteração na glicemia de jejum no TTOG, principalmente aquelas com intolerância à glicose associada, apresentaram maior risco para recém-nascidos grandes para idade gestacional.
Sirimarco, Mariana Pinto. "Avaliação dos protocolos de diagnóstico e de controle da hiperglicemia materna impacto na prevalência de Diabetes Melito Gestacional (DMG) e de Hiperglicemia Gestacional Leve (HGL) e nos resultados perinatais /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137866.
Full textResumo: JUSTIFICATIVA – desde agosto de 2011 o Serviço Especializado de Diabetes e Gravidez da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu/Unesp (SEDG-FMB/Unesp) adotou o novo protocolo diagnóstico para o DMG recomendado pela ADA/IADPSG. Entretanto, o Perfil Glicêmico (PG) continuou associado ao TOTG 75g, para diagnosticar a Hiperglicemia Gestacional Leve (HGL), reconhecida e tratada em nosso Serviço como se fosse DMG. A controvérsia sobre o custo-benefício do novo protocolo da ADA/IADPSG e a dúvida sobre a necessidade de manutenção do PG no protocolo do Serviço justificam o presente estudo. OBJETIVOS – avaliar o impacto do novo protocolo da ADA/IADPSG na prevalência de HGL e de DMG, na ocorrência de resultados perinatais adversos (RPNA) e na associação TOTG 75g e PG para diagnóstico de HGL no SEDG-FMB/Unesp. MÉTODO – estudo de corte transversal, incluindo gestantes, e seus recém-nascidos (RN), submetidas aos protocolos diagnósticos e que realizaram pré-natal e parto no Serviço, antes (janeiro de 2008 a 14 de agosto de 2011) e após (15 de agosto de 2011 a dezembro de 2014) à mudança do protocolo, definindo uma amostra por conveniência. Considerando os dois períodos, foram comparadas a prevalência de DMG e de HGL e a ocorrência de RN-GIG, macrossomia, primeira cesárea e tempo de internação dos RN. Na análise estatística foram utilizados análise de Poison e teste t-Student, teste do Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fischer e cálculo de risco (RR e IC 95%) para os desfechos avaliados. O limite de signifi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: BACKGROUND - since August 2011 the Specialized Center of Diabetes and Pregnancy of the Botucatu Medical School / Unesp (SEDG-FMB / Unesp) has adopted a new diagnostic protocol for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) recommended by the ADA / IADPSG guidelines. However, the glycemic profile (GP) remained associated with the 75g OGTT to diagnose Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia Lite (MGH), recognized and treated in our department as if it were GDM. The controversy over the cost-effectiveness of the new ADA / IADPSG guideline and doubt about the need for GP maintenance in the service protocol justify this study. OBJECTIVES - To assess the impact of the new ADA / IADPSG guideline in the prevalence of MGH and GDM, in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes (APNO) and in the association 75g OGTT and PG for diagnosis of MGH at the SEDG-FMB / Unesp. METHOD - cross-sectional study, including pregnant women and their newborns (NB) that underwent diagnostic protocols and had their prenatal care and delivery at the service before (January 2008 to August 14, 2011) and after (15 August 2011 to December 2014) the protocol modification, defining a convenience sample. Considering the two periods, the prevalence of GDM and MGH and the occurrence of LGA-NB, macrosomia, first cesarean delivery and NB hospital stay were compared. For statistical analysis, Poison analysis and Student's t test, chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used and risk estimate (RR and 95% CI) for the assessed outcomes.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Guillemette, Laetitia. "Implication du TNFα dans la résistance à l’insuline pendant la grossesse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6009.
Full textTurfkruyer, Mathilde. "Impact de la vitamine A du lait maternel sur le développement de la tolérance orale chez le nouveau-né et la prévention des maladies allergiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4103.
Full textIncreased prevalence of allergies in early life suggests a deficiency of immune regulation during this period. Oral tolerance is a key immuno-regulatory mechanism in the gut for immune homeostasis. The principal objective of my thesis was to determine in a murine model the mechanisms at the origin of oral tolerance in early life to better prevent allergy development. We found that induction of oral tolerance in early life is effective only from the 3rd week of life. The defect of oral tolerance observed during the first 2 weeks of life is the consequence of a defect in antigen capture and RALDH expression (enzyme which converts retinol in retinoic acid) by mesenteric CD103+ dendritic cells. Serum levels of retinol in neonatal period are very low, and an enrichment of the maternal milk with vitamin A allows to correct this neonatal deficiency as well as the defect of antigen presentation by the CD103+ dendritic cells. This enrichment also allows allergy prevention from the first days of life. To our surprise, while in adult mice, oral tolerance depends on the generation of regulatory T lymphocytes, oral tolerance observed in the 3 week-old mice and in the newborn which received vitamin A, depends on the generation of Th1 lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that vitamin A levels in early life are directly correlated with Th1 differentiation induced by oral administration of allergen, necessary for allergy prevention. This knowledge should now be taken into account for the implementation of allergy prevention strategies, more specific and better adapted to the neonatal period, such as a supplementation with vitamin A
Sirimarco, Mariana Pinto [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos protocolos de diagnóstico e de controle da hiperglicemia materna: impacto na prevalência de Diabetes Melito Gestacional (DMG) e de Hiperglicemia Gestacional Leve (HGL) e nos resultados perinatais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137866.
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JUSTIFICATIVA – desde agosto de 2011 o Serviço Especializado de Diabetes e Gravidez da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu/Unesp (SEDG-FMB/Unesp) adotou o novo protocolo diagnóstico para o DMG recomendado pela ADA/IADPSG. Entretanto, o Perfil Glicêmico (PG) continuou associado ao TOTG 75g, para diagnosticar a Hiperglicemia Gestacional Leve (HGL), reconhecida e tratada em nosso Serviço como se fosse DMG. A controvérsia sobre o custo-benefício do novo protocolo da ADA/IADPSG e a dúvida sobre a necessidade de manutenção do PG no protocolo do Serviço justificam o presente estudo. OBJETIVOS – avaliar o impacto do novo protocolo da ADA/IADPSG na prevalência de HGL e de DMG, na ocorrência de resultados perinatais adversos (RPNA) e na associação TOTG 75g e PG para diagnóstico de HGL no SEDG-FMB/Unesp. MÉTODO – estudo de corte transversal, incluindo gestantes, e seus recém-nascidos (RN), submetidas aos protocolos diagnósticos e que realizaram pré-natal e parto no Serviço, antes (janeiro de 2008 a 14 de agosto de 2011) e após (15 de agosto de 2011 a dezembro de 2014) à mudança do protocolo, definindo uma amostra por conveniência. Considerando os dois períodos, foram comparadas a prevalência de DMG e de HGL e a ocorrência de RN-GIG, macrossomia, primeira cesárea e tempo de internação dos RN. Na análise estatística foram utilizados análise de Poison e teste t-Student, teste do Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fischer e cálculo de risco (RR e IC 95%) para os desfechos avaliados. O limite de significância estatística foi de 95% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS – o NOVO protocolo resultou em aumento no número de mulheres com DMG e deixou de identificar 17,3% do total de gestantes, que mantiveram o diagnóstico de HGL, apesar do TOTG 75g normal. O novo protocolo ADA/IADPSG não influenciou o desfecho perinatal. CONCLUSÕES – esses resultados reforçam a validade da manutenção do PG no protocolo diagnóstico do SEDG-FMB/Unesp. Para concluir sobre o custo-benefício do NOVO protocolo, são necessários grandes estudos, multicêntricos e com tamanho amostral adequado.
BACKGROUND - since August 2011 the Specialized Center of Diabetes and Pregnancy of the Botucatu Medical School / Unesp (SEDG-FMB / Unesp) has adopted a new diagnostic protocol for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) recommended by the ADA / IADPSG guidelines. However, the glycemic profile (GP) remained associated with the 75g OGTT to diagnose Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia Lite (MGH), recognized and treated in our department as if it were GDM. The controversy over the cost-effectiveness of the new ADA / IADPSG guideline and doubt about the need for GP maintenance in the service protocol justify this study. OBJECTIVES - To assess the impact of the new ADA / IADPSG guideline in the prevalence of MGH and GDM, in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes (APNO) and in the association 75g OGTT and PG for diagnosis of MGH at the SEDG-FMB / Unesp. METHOD - cross-sectional study, including pregnant women and their newborns (NB) that underwent diagnostic protocols and had their prenatal care and delivery at the service before (January 2008 to August 14, 2011) and after (15 August 2011 to December 2014) the protocol modification, defining a convenience sample. Considering the two periods, the prevalence of GDM and MGH and the occurrence of LGA-NB, macrosomia, first cesarean delivery and NB hospital stay were compared. For statistical analysis, Poison analysis and Student's t test, chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used and risk estimate (RR and 95% CI) for the assessed outcomes. The statistical significance threshold was 95% (p <0.05). RESULTS - The new protocol resulted in a increase in the number of women with GDM, but failed to identify 17.3% of pregnant women who maintained the diagnosis of MGH, despite normal 75g OGTT. The new ADA / IADPSG guideline did not influence the perinatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS - These results reinforce the validity of maintaining the GP in the diagnosis protocol at the SEDG-FMB / Unesp. To conclude on the cost-effective of the new protocol, large multicenter studies with adequate sample size are required
Heath, Ashleigh E. "Comparison of Screening Methods for Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Race/Ethnicity and Gender." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/202.
Full textPaiatto, Lisiery Negrini [UNESP]. "A modulação da resposta imune na colite experimental induzida por TNBS em camundongos da linhagem BALB/c: efeitos da tolerância oral e da transferência adotiva de células dendríticas CD11c+." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151974.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A quebra da tolerância imunológica a antígenos próprios é um mecanismo gerador comum às respostas imunes deletérias. Várias estratégias têm sido propostas para modular respostas autoimunes, entre as quais se destacam a administração oral de antígenos relacionados à doença, a transferência adotiva de células tolerogênicas e/ou o tratamento com citocinas reguladoras. Nesse contexto, tem sido mostrado que a ingestão de antígenos proteicos presentes na dieta pode gerar efeitos indiretos sobre o sistema imune do hospedeiro, caracterizados pela supressão da resposta imune a proteínas antigenicamente não relacionadas, conhecidos como supressão bystander. O presente projeto teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos indiretos da tolerância oral induzida pela ingestão de ovalbumina (OVA) e a transferência adotiva de células dendríticas isoladas de animais tolerantes a OVA (tDC) na colite induzida por TNBS em camundongos. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento de camundongos com OVA por via oral, antes ou após a indução da colite e a transferência adotiva de tDC, foram capazes de reduzir sinais da doença, tais como a perda de peso, bem como preservar parcialmente a integridade do tecido colônico, quando comparados aos animais colíticos não tratados com OVA (controles). A supressão bystander relacionada ao consumo de OVA foi associada à expansão da frequência de células T reguladoras (regs) e de células T secretoras de interleucina (IL) -10, possíveis mecanismos de regulação das manifestações clínicas da colite induzida por TNBS. As DC obtidas de animais tolerantes a OVA apresentaram expressão aumentada de CD80, compatível com perfil tolerogênico. A transferência dessa população de células para animais colíticos foi capaz de reduzir os sinais clínicos e histológicos da colite, mimetizando os efeitos da tolerância oral. A transferência adotiva de tDC levou a redução da frequência de células Th17, redução de secreção de IL-17 e IL-9 e aumento de secreção de IL-10 e IL-4 in vitro. Até onde é de nosso conhecimento, não existem dados na literatura mostrando o efeito da tolerância oral e a transferência adotiva de tDC no tratamento de colite.
The breakdown of immune tolerance to self antigens is a common mechanism for deleterious immune responses. Several interventions have been proposed to modulate autoimmune responses, such as oral administration of disease-related antigens, adoptive transfer of tolerogenic cells and/or treatment with regulatory cytokines. In this context, it has been demonstrated that the ingestion of protein antigens can generate indirect effects on the immune system of the host, characterized by suppression of the immune response to antigenically unrelated proteins, known as bystander suppression. The present project aims to analyze the indirect effects of oral tolerance induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and by adoptive transfer of tolerant dendritic cells (tDC) in TNBS induced colitis in mice. Our results showed that the treatment of oral OVA mice before or after induction of colitis and the adductive transfer of tDC were able to reduce the signs of the disease, such as weight loss, as well as partially preserve the integrity of the Compared to non-OVA treated animals (controls). The bystander suppression related to OVA consumption appears to favor the expansion of regulatory (regs) T and interleukin (IL)-10 secreting T cells responsible for reducing the clinical manifestations of TNBS-induced colitis. On the other hand, DC obtained from OVA-tolerant animals showed increased expression of CD80. Administration of this cells population to colitic animals was able to reduce the clinical and histological signs of colitis, possibly by reducing Th17 cells, reduction of secretion of Il-17 and IL-9 and augment of IL-10 and IL-4. To the best of our knowledge, there are no data in the literature showing the effect of oral tolerance and the adoptive transfer of tDC in the treatment of colitis.
FAPESP: 2013/20258-2
Sapienza, Andréia David. "Fatores preditores do uso de insulina em pacientes com diabetes melito gestacional diagnosticado pelo teste de tolerância à glicose oral de 100 gramas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-29042009-132253/.
Full textObjective: To determine the association between clinical and laboratory parameters and insulin requirement in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to evaluate possible factors predicting the need for insulin therapy. Methods: A total of 294 patients with GDM diagnosed by the 100- g/3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 and 33 complete weeks of gestation were retrospectively studied. These patients were under prenatal follow-up at the Obstetric Clinic of the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine (HCFMUSP) between July 1, 2002 and June 30, 2008. The clinical and laboratory factors which could be associated to the need for insulin therapy were analyzed: maternal age, prepregnancy obesity body mass index (BMI) > 30 Kg/m2, family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, hypertension, use of systemic corticosteroids, prior GDM, prior fetal macrosomia, nulliparity, multiparity, prior stillbirth, prior neonatal death, gestational age at diagnosis of GDM, multiple pregnancy, elevated amniotic fluid index (AFI) AFI > 18 cm, polyhydramnios (AFI > 25 cm), number of abnormal 100-g/3-h OGTT values, 100-g/3-h OGTT fasting plasma glucose > 95 mg/dL, mean of the four 100-g/3-h OGTT values, 100-g/3-h OGTT fasting/one/two/three plasma glucose values, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The association between each factor and the need for insulin therapy was then analyzed individually (Pearsons chi-square/Fishers exact or Student t test). The performance of these factors to predict the probability of insulin therapy was estimated using a logistic regression model. Results: Among the 294 patients studied, 39.8% (117/294) required insulin for glycemic control. Univariate analysis showed a positive correlation between insulin therapy and prepregnancy obesity, family history of diabetes, hypertension, prior GDM, prior fetal macrosomia, number of abnormal 100-g/3-h OGTT values, 100-g/3-h OGTT fasting plasma glucose > 95 mg/dL, mean of the four 100-g/3-h OGTT values, 100-g/3-h OGTT fasting/one/two/three plasma glucose values, and HbA1c (P < 0.05). Two logistic regression models were developed and included the following parameters: prepregnancy obesity, family history of diabetes, number of abnormal 100-g/3-h OGTT values (just model 1) and 100-g/3-h OGTT fasting plasma glucose (just model 2). The two first models were analysed another time including the variable HbA1c to verify its contribution on prediction of the need for insulin therapy. Probability curves and scores were constructed based on the four combinations of predictive factors. Conclusions: The probability of insulin therapy can be estimated in pregnant women with GDM based on prepregnancy obesity, family history of diabetes, number of abnormal 100-g/3-h OGTT values, 100-g/3-h OGTT fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c concentration.
Tenerz, Åke. "Diabetes mellitus and related glucometabolic disturbances in acute myocardial infarction : Diagnosis, prevalence and prognostic implications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3423.
Full textIn patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of death. We have studied two populations with respect to the relationship between DM or related glucometabolic disturbances and AMI.
In the first population, the prevalence of DM and the importance of the glycaemic state for the long-term prognosis in non-diabetic patients were investigated in patients with AMI admitted to the Coronary Care Unite at Västerås Central Hospital.
In the second population, the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), DM and other metabolic abnormalities was investigated in patients with AMI and without known DM admitted to the Coronary Care Units at Västerås and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm.
21% of the patients with AMI had previously known DM and 4% had newly detected DM if diagnosis is based upon fasting blood glucose (F-BG). The glycemic state, measured as HbA1c, at a 5.5 years follow-up was a risk factor for re-infarction and/or death in non-diabetic patients after AMI.
If an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is performed, 40-45% of all patients with AMI have DM and in addition about 30% have IGT. Both an OGTT and a single post-challenge blood glucose value after 60 minutes performed at hospital discharge, were independent predictors of IGT or DM at follow-up. Insulin resistance, measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), decreased during hospital stay, with no further decrease from hospital discharge to follow-up.
In summary, the studies in this dissertation have revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in patients with AMI. The glycaemic state, reflected by HbA1c, in non-diabetic patients after AMI has an impact on the long-term prognosis. Consequently, in all patients with AMI, HbA1c and casual blood glucose should be measured at admission and, at least, F-BG at hospital discharge.
Holzner, Alexandra. "Der Weißbüschelaffe (Callithrix jacchus) und das Metabolische Syndrom: Einfluss von Geschlecht und pränataler Programmierung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-214457.
Full textThe metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) consists of a cluster of metabolic disorders, characterized by glucose intolerance, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In humans, it is a major cause for cardiovascular disease. Its worldwide prevalence is increasing. The way for the disease can be paved even before birth. An adverse intrauterine environment due to prenatal stress or an iatrogenic overexposure of the fetus to glucocorticoids can lead to an altered phenotype with consequences for later life. This phenomenon is called prenatal programming. In addition gender specific factors play a leading role for the risk of developing MetSyn. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a glucocorticoid application in early pregnancy and gender on cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. The common marmoset was used as model species. In a preliminary experiment (2002) at the german primate centre (Göttingen) animals (F0) were orally treated with dexamethasone for one week during early pregnancy. Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that can pass the placental barrier. The following three generation offspring, reared in Leipzig, DexF1/2/3W (female animal, n = 4/6/2) and DexF2/3M (male animal, n = 2/4) were regarded. Animals that were no descendants of the F0 generation built a female (ControlW, n = 11) and a male (ControlM, n = 15) control group and were also regarded for gender-specific risk for MetSyn. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out (including measurements of insulin concentration), the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI – measure of insulin sensitivity) was calculated and parameters of lipid metabolism were investigated. Furthermore, all animals were weighed weekly and blood pressure was monitored at a series of meetings. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney-U-Test for independent samples. The level of significance was defined at p ≤ 0.05. DexF1W in comparison to ControlW had a significantly lower insulin concentration 120 minutes after glucose application in the OGTT and a significantly lower glucose concentration 30 and 120 minutes after reaching the sugar solution. These findings did not seem to be clinically relevant. Apart from that, no consequences could be determined in the F1-3 generation offspring after dexamethasone treatment in pregnancy. Regarding gender comparison of untreated common marmosets, female animals had significantly higher insulin concentrations in OGTT and therefore a significantly greater insulin AUC (area under the curve). QUICKI was significantly lower. Hyperinsulinemia and a low QUICKI are symptoms of an impaired glucose regulation. Furthermore, the female animals showed an increase in body weight, VLDL triglycerides and therefore total triglycerides. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower. Hypertriglyceridemia in combination with low HDL cholesterol is called atherogenic dyslipidemia. A disturbed glucose homeostasis, obesity and an atherogenic dyslipidemia are cardiovascular risk factors and important components of MetSyn. In summary, dexamethasone applied in early pregnancy did not lead to metabolic syndrome in the F1-F3 generation offspring of common marmoset in adulthood. However, the female gender was associated with a higher risk of developing the disease. The underlying mechanisms require further investigation
Saaristo, T. (Timo). "Assessment of risk and prevention of type 2 diabetes in primary health care." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514297113.
Full textTiivistelmä Diabetes on yksi nopeimmin lisääntyvistä elintapasairauksista maailmassa. Sitä ei vielä voida parantaa, mutta tieteellisissä tutkimuksissa on kiistattomasti osoitettu, että sitä voidaan tehokkaasti ehkäistä elintapamuutoksilla. Diabeteksen ehkäisystä käytännössä on hyvin niukasti tutkimustietoa. Tämä väitöskirja tuo kaivattua lisätietoa aiheesta. Väitöstutkimuksen päätavoitteena oli selvittää diabeteksen riskitekijöiden ja piilevien diabetesta ennakoivien sokerihäiriöiden yleisyyttä suomalaisessa aikuisväestössä. Tämän ohella tavoitteena oli selvittää voidaanko yksinkertaisella elintapaneuvonnalla vähentää sellaisten henkilöiden sairastumisvaaraa, joilla oli suuri riski sairastua diabetekseen. Lisäksi arvioitiin diabetesriskitestin kykyä tunnistaa ennakoivat sokerihäiriöt ja aiemmin tunnistamaton diabetes. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin laajoja suomalaisia väestötutkimusaineistoja: FINRISKI-2002 -tutkimusta, sen alaotosta ja D2D-väestötutkimusta 2004–2005. Mukana oli myös pitkittäisasetelma ja laajamittainen interventio. Tutkimuksen perusteella huomasimme, että lihavuus ja sokerihäiriöt ovat hyvin yleisiä keski-ikäisillä suomalaisilla. Merkittävästi lihavia (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) oli 24 % miehistä ja 28 % naisista ja poikkeava sokeriaineenvaihdunta oli 42 %:lla miehistä ja 33 %:lla naisista. Tunnistamaton diabetes oli 9 %:lla miehistä ja 7 %:lla naisista. Suuressa diabetekseen sairastumisvaarassa oli neljäsosa 45−64-vuotiaista. Interventioon otettiin yli 10 000 suuressa diabeteksen sairastumisriskissä olevaa henkilöä, 3 379 miestä ja 6 770 naista. Miehistä 43 % oli suuressa sairastumisvaarassa myös sydän- ja verisuonisairauteen ja 42 % suuressa kuolemanvaarassa Framingham- ja SCORE-riskilaskureilla arvioituna. Tyypin 2 diabeteksen sairastumisriskin arviointiin kehitetty Riskitesti ennusti hyvin myös diabeteksen esiintymistä väestössä. Elintapainterventioiden vaikutusta painoon ja sokeriaineenvaihduntaan analysoitiin vuoden seurannassa sellaisilla henkilöillä, joilla oli suuri diabetesriski. Paino laski 5 % tai enemmän 17,5 %:lla, jolloin sairastumisriski diabetekseen väheni 69 % verrattuna ryhmään, jonka paino ei muuttunut. Tutkimuksen perusteella lihavuus, sokerihäiriöt ja tunnistamaton diabetes ovat yleisiä keski-ikäisessä väestössä. Riskitesti on hyvä työkalu myös diabeteksen seulonnassa. Perusterveydenhuollossa tarjottavalla elintapaneuvonnalla voidaan saada aikaan laihtuminen, joka vähentää sairastumisvaaraa diabetekseen
DURUPT, LAURENCE. "Therapeutique orale a base de fer : biodisponibilite et tolerance." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10768.
Full textStaaf, Johan. "Childhood Obesity and Islet Function." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313310.
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