Journal articles on the topic 'Oral narrators'
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1
Jalil, Abdul. "Riwāyāt al-Qirā'āt al-Qur'āniyyah fī Kutub al-Ḥadīṡ Unmūżajan: Riwāyat al-Ḥadīṡ min al-Syafāhiyyat ilā al-Kitābiyyat [Narrations of Qirā'āt in Selected Hadith Literature: The Transmission of Hadith from the Oral World into the Written Word]." ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 22, no. 2 (December 18, 2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v22i2.2912.
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The narrators have tried to convey the hadith, its accompanying physical expression, and its reading methods to the listener directly in oral communication. Thus, these learning transmission methods shifted from the oral world to textual word, henceforth it made the narrators rephrase the verbal utterances into written phrases, such as “one separates the fingers”, “his/her voice amplified” and others. The problem is, written expressions might not completely transcribe spoken language, more specifically for the transmitting narrators of the reading methods of the Quranic verses (qirā’at āyāt al-Qur’ān). This article focuses to illustrate forms of narration on the Quranic reading methods in written expressions and the complementary explanations detailed by the narrators. The results appear that some of the narrations on the variety of reading methods of the Qur’an in some Hadith literature required detailed information, such as mentioning the letters of the Arabic letters and how to read specific phrases and punctuation. These additions clarify the variety of the Quranic reading methods hence such utilitarian information is beneficial for the narrations in the mediated world.
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Bolton, Gillie. "Who is Telling the Story? The Critical Role of the Narrator in Reflective and Reflexive writing." EDUCATIONAL REFLECTIVE PRACTICES, no. 1 (June 2012): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/erp2012-001003.
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Telling and retelling the stories of our lives is the stuff of reflection and reflexivity. Asking ‘who narrates these stories?', getting beyond thinking of the narrator as ‘just me', and events as ‘just what happened' are what make this process critical. We create narratives rather than regurgitate slices of truth, so we also construct the narrator of each story. This paper discusses and exemplifies the exploration of dynamic narrators, such as variations of the autobiographical ‘I' (eg ‘internal mentor'), or fictional explorations of different perspectives (eg patient or student as ‘I'). Exercises and activities to inspire practitioners to write such narratives exploratively are demonstrated, inevitable confidentiality issues and the dynamic educative element of uncertainty are examined, and an underpinning theory of the self proposed. The particular value of writing (rather than oral discussion) to critical reflexivity is also explained. Focussing upon the perspective from which narratives are written is essential for critical enquiry.
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Bentes, Anna Christina. "Processos de referenciação em duas configurações narrativas: o conto popular e a estória oral." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 41 (September 12, 2011): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v41i0.8637009.
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This article describes how narrators from Brazilian Amazon region configurate oral tradition in two different ways. The first way, called “folk-tale” is characterized considering the fact that narrators, when telling their stories, privilege the dimensions of repetition and stability. The second one, called “oral story”, is characterized considering the fact that narrators, when telling their stories, privilege the dimensions of difference and instability. The present analysis of both configurations takes into account two aspects (i) the enunciative situation in which they were produced and (ii) the textual and discursive strategies developed by narrators. Folk-tales present (i) fixed plots, which are common-shared and (ii) referenciation strategies that do not show the discursive instances in which the stories are produced. Oral stories reconstruct tradition radically. In this way, they do not present fixed plots, what makes possible the emergency of versions that are distant from the formulaic nature of oral tradition. Referenciation strategies present in this second narrative configuration are much more varied and they also make possible the emergency of the discursive instances in which narratives are produced.
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Garin, Jyoti. "A Sindhi Bhagat Song Associated with Kanvar Ram." Journal of Sindhi Studies 1, no. 1 (November 16, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26670925-bja10004.
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Abstract This article presents a translation from the Sindhi oral tradition of bhagat. It originates in Sindh, Pakistan. Today it is practiced by Hindu narrators in post-Partition India. The song translated in this paper focuses upon Bhagat Kanvar Ram, who contemporary bhagat narrators mention frequently. This essay exemplifies his influence on the bhagat tradition in the areas of inspiration, authority, and performance style. It offers a glimpse of the dynamics of the live performances of oral texts.
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Wortham, Stanton E. F. "Interactional Positioning and Narrative Self-construction." Narrative Inquiry 10, no. 1 (October 17, 2000): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.10.1.11wor.
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Many have proposed that autobiographical stories do more than describe a pre-existing self. Sometimes narrators can change who they are, in part, by telling stories about themselves. But how does this narrative self-construction happen? Most explanations rely on the representational function of autobiographical discourse. These representational accounts of narrative self-construction are necessarily incomplete, because autobiographical narratives have interactional as well as representational functions. While telling their stories autobiographical narrators often enact a characteristic type of self, and through such performances they can become that type of self. A few others have proposed that interactional positioning is central to narrative self-construction, but none has given an adequate, systematic account of how narrative discourse functions to position narrator and audience in the interactional event of storytelling. This article describes an approach to analyzing the interactional positioning accomplished through autobiographical narrative, and it illustrates this approach by analyzing data from one oral autobiographical narrative.
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Smilanska, Valeriia. "ADDRESSING STRATEGIES IN THE TEXTS OF SHEVCHENKO-STORYTELLER." Слово і Час, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2021.02.3-19.
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The paper considers the metanarrative (exegetical) and metanarrative (exegetical) and metafictional (diegetical) aspects of a work, the ways of the author’s contacts with the reader/listener. The nature of addressing may be direct, which implies the explicit addressee, and hidden, designed for the implicit addressee. The latter is present as an ideal recipient who perceives the aesthetic mode of the work. The strategy of intimate connection with the reader is based on the ascending evaluative direction, while the descending one serves as a basis for the discrediting strategy, realized in a number of communicative tactics, used by the narrators-addressers. The images of the narrator and storytellers perform different functions (hero, character-witness); the narrative composition of each story is not repeated in other works, gradually becoming more complicated. The author uses various compositional and verbal forms: in addition to a consistent story and narrative, description and reflection, he involves the forms of inserted narrative, epistolary text, and even a full-length story of an eyewitness. Tactics of oral communication and its constitutive stylistic features are presented by D. Barannyk as Shevchenko’s version of Ukrainian oral narrative, open to the addressee, and as a means of involving the reader in the imaginary world of a work. The term ‘self-presentation’ as an action of informing the addressee about the narrator’s occupation and his social status in order to establish contact differs from ‘self-thematization’ which is an intimate self-characterization of the narrator, addressed to a friendly reader/listener. The latter also includes the digressive reflections of the narrator on moralistic, sociological, historical, artistic topics, which reveal his mentality.
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Sloan, Stephen. "On the Other Foot: Oral History Students as Narrators." Oral History Review 39, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohs086.
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Spry Rush, Anne. "Practicing Oral History with Immigrant Narrators. By Carol McKirdy." Oral History Review 44, no. 2 (2017): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohx045.
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Perrino, Sabina. "Chronotopes of story and storytelling event in interviews." Language in Society 40, no. 1 (February 2011): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404510000916.
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AbstractNarratives in interviews involve the alignment of two chronotopes (Bakhtin's term, literally ‘time-space’) or what has traditionally been termed the narrated and narrating events. While narrators are expected to separate the there-and-then narrated-event chronotope from the here-and-now narrating-event chronotope, tropic forms of coeval alignment exist that erase or blur the line between the two events, as if they were occurring in the same time and place. In this article I argue for the need to map these shifting alignments in interviews. This article begins with, but then moves beyond, the familiar case of the “historical present,” where narrators shift into using nonpast temporal deixis for past events. Drawing first on an oral narrative from Italy, I show how resources besides the historical present can produce similar alignment effects. In order to demonstrate more extreme forms of coeval alignment, I then compare these data with those from a Senegalese narrator in Dakar who transposes participants “into” his stories. Through this comparison I illustrate how cross-chronotope alignment reveals the way narrators manage the relationship between story and event in interviews. Mapping these shifting alignments can help illuminate the emergent relations between interviewer and interviewee and hence show how stories reflect and shape the interview context in which they occur. (Narrative, interview, chronotope, historical present, Italian, Senegal)*
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Han, Yu-jin. "Narrative interest and meaning of oral folktales transmission group using text mining technique: For the digital archive of 〈Korea Oral Literature Daegye〉." Research of the Korean Classic 58 (August 31, 2022): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20516/classic.2022.58.95.
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This paper examines the aspect and meaning of narrative interests of the whole tradition group and the tradition group according to gender by using text mining technique targeting each 26,542 oral narratives in the digital archive of 〈Korea Oral Literature Daegye〉. For this purpose, the nouns were extracted by analyzing the morphemes from the titles of 26,542 oral narratives using the Mecab class of the KoNLPy package, and then the high frequencies were extracted using the Counter class of the collection package.
As a result, looking at the 30 nouns occupying the highest frequency, the oral folktale tradition group consists of ‘the story of the origin of the place name’, the tale of the ‘tiger’, the story of the ‘goblin’, the narrative showing the ‘relationship of family relationships’, ‘wealth, filial piety, fortune, it is confirmed that he mainly told stories about the values pursued by humans’, such as famous places.
The result of the most oral tales of ‘place name origin’ shows that the narrators perceive ‘story that is worth investigating’ as a place name origin story. The story of ‘Tiger’ brought laughter to the enjoyment class and revealed the value of ‘filial piety’. The story of ‘Goblin’ is a means to satisfy ‘story pleasure’ by conveying the fictional situation in the story as if it were a real event and arousing interest to the enjoyment class to feel ‘creep’ or to solve problems that are difficult to explain in reality. it became. Among the stories that show ‘family relations’, in particular, the story about ‘daughter-in-law’ was overwhelmingly told, which shows that the family relationship that causes the most conflict in reality is that surrounding the daughter-in-law. Nouns such as ‘son’, ‘myeong-dang’, ‘filial piety’, ‘rich man’, ‘grave’, ‘blessed’, ‘filial piety’, etc. It shows that he cares about ‘filial piety’ above all other ideologies. The character’s earnest wish for this is shown to be realized through ‘Myeongdang’, and it can be interpreted in this context that many stories about ‘myongdang’ and ‘grave’ are handed down.
Meanwhile, narrative interest according to gender was examined through 15,088 stories told by 2,916 male narrators and 7,467 stories narrated by 2,004 female narrators. Male narrators recounted many stories about the origin of the place name, and female narrators enjoyed telling stories that showed problems between families. This shows that the lives of female speakers are focused on ‘in the home’ with a ‘family’, which is different from male speakers who enjoy telling stories about ‘Park Moon-soo’, ‘Middle’, and ‘Jeong-seung’ and expand their area of interest outside the house. will be.
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Bala, Mustapha Ruma. "African Literature and Orality: A Reading of Ngugi wa Thiango’s Wizard of the Crow (2007)." Journal of English Language and Literature 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v3i1.39.
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This paper explores the relationship between orality and written literature in Africa. The paper interrogates the transformation of oral narrative into written texts and vice-versa. The paper specifically focuses on how Ngugi appropriates oral-narrative techniques commonly employed in African traditional societies in shaping the narration of events in this monumental novel. In this regard, the paper focuses on how the oral tradition in Africa influences the plot structure of Wizard of the Crow. The paper also looks at how Ngugi uses multiple narrators some of whom are observers as well as participants in unfolding the drama in the novel. These narrators, some of whom are categorically defined and the not well-defined, recount and render events happening in the novel orally in the presence of a live audience and in the process also embellish the story as they deem fit thereby rendering different versions of the same event The paper concludes with the observation that in spite of its being presented in the written medium of the novel, Wizard of the Crow indeed has generic resemblance to an extended oral narrative.
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Kadyralieva, Kenzheke. "MANAS STORYTELLERS AND THEIR MORAL PROPERTIES." Alatoo Academic Studies 2022, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.221.04.
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The article provides information about the past and present generations of narrators of the Manas epic, their moral properties, as well as their place in folklore as the owners of the artistic heirs of the manaschi. It is of interest to study the life and creative activity of the famous narrator "Manas" Sayakbay Karalayev. The article compares the options of Sagymbay Orozbakov and Sayakbay Karalaev. It is especially important to note prophetic dreams that prompted young storytellers to tell the Manas epic and become famous manaschi. It is also noted that the study of the style of storytellers, the features of the art of storytellers, the contribution of researchers, workers of culture, and art is important. Keywords: manaschi, artistic heritage, skill, quality, knowledge, Kyrgyz people, oral art.
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Rogers, Carole Garibaldi. "Overlooked Narrators: What Women Religious Can Contribute to Feminist Oral History." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 19, no. 3 (1998): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3347096.
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Lallani, Shayan S. "The Culinary Gender Binary in an Era of Multiculturalism." Journal of Family History 43, no. 4 (July 18, 2018): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199018787561.
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This article uses oral histories to examine how migration affected the gender dynamics of foodwork carried out by late postwar Italian immigrants in Toronto. Culinary gender roles remained preserved as narrators journeyed to Toronto. However, by the twenty-first century when national discourse emphasized a multicultural Canada—the climax of the shift toward culinary pluralism—the narrators each embodied a range of food masculinities and femininities. They also described other motives to do partake in culinary labor that cannot be categorized by the traditional binary. A new paradigm that accounts for the experiences of migrants encountering the homogenizing forces of multiculturalism is needed.
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Gocół, Damian. "The Belief Stories in the Texts of Oral History of the People in Late Adulthood Period." Vilnius University Open Series, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vllp.2021.26.
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In my article, I analyze selected belief stories from the oral history texts. The research material contains the three biographical accounts of the people in late adulthood (over 65). The belief stories (belief tales) are one of the genres of speech typical for the accounts rooted in a folk view of the world. The demonic characters appear in them, e. g. the devil, the striga or the południca. The belief stories contain a detailed description of the world. They have an explanatory function. They are to explain how the world works. Belief stories do not appear often in the oral history texts created by the people in late adulthood who were not related to the countryside or were related to it in a limited extent. This way of shaping the narrative may be related to changes in the rationality of the narrators. The common and the scientific view of the world intersect in their narratives. The narrators add the numerous comments to their belief stories, in which they distance themselves from the folk view of the world or try to scientifically rationalize the fantastic events. Nevertheless, the fragments in which other genres of speech are realized, especially in anecdotes, reveal a clear relationship between the narrative of oral history and the common sense and belief vision of the world. The narrators often explain their own experiences by introducing elements of belief tales into other genres. Such fragments reveal the schemes of punishment and reward, non-worldly divine intervention, anthropomorphization of inanimate objects and assigning them the rank of demonic beings. Despite the intersection of different types of rationality in the narratives, a belief-based vision of the world still plays an important role in shaping of the oral narratives about the past.
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Lucius-Hoene, Gabriele, and Arnulf Deppermann. "Narrative Identity Empiricized: A Dialogical and Positioning Approach to Autobiographical Research Interviews." Narrative Inquiry 10, no. 1 (October 17, 2000): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.10.1.15luc.
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Narrative identity has achieved a scientific status as an elaborate concept of the storied nature of human experience and personal identity. Yet, many questions remain as to its empirical substrate. By exploring the pragmatic aspect of narrative research interviewing, i.e., the performative and positioning aspects of the narrative situation and the narrative product, as well as its particular autoepistemological and communicative tasks, this article tries to bridge the gap between the theoretical concept of narrative identity and the act of constructing identity in research interviewing. Research data generated by autobiographical interviews are usually regarded and analyzed as monological narratives drawn from autobiographical memory. Narrative research interviewing, however, is always a dialogical, pragmatic activity: Narrator and researcher establish an interpersonal relationship made up of institutional, imaginative, socio-categorial and other communicative frames which are enacted by both partners during the interview. This pragmatic constitution of the interview as an interactive process calls for a communicative and constructivist approach to oral narratives which reveals different levels of the listener’s conceptions of himself or herself and the research situation in the narrator’s story. Along with the different voices and identity constructions, the narrator also constructs different recipients in his or her discursive positioning of the listener. By using the concept of positioning, we propose both a conceptual framework and the corresponding analytical tools for identifying textual indicators and contextual interpretative resources for a discursive approach to narrative identity constructions in research interviewing. This option allows insight into the strategies narrators employ to negotiate their identities in the situation itself, which may be fruitful for many research contexts that use the concept of narrative identity. (Narrative, Autobiography, Research Interviewing, Conversation Analysis)
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Martin Hobbs, Mia. "(Un)Naming: Ethics, Agency, and Anonymity in Oral Histories with Veteran-Narrators." Oral History Review 48, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940798.2021.1885982.
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Ökmen, Yunus Emre. "New Media Narratives and Visualization as an Alternative to Traditional Media: Youtuber Barış Özcan Sample." International Visual Culture Review 1 (February 6, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-visualrev.v1.1751.
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The traditional storytelling has begun to disappear, as the modern culture seizes every aspect of life (Ramsden and Hollingsworth, 2017: 14). The narrators began to take the place of digital media such as photography, cinema, television and internet. At the same time, basic cultural periods in communication can be handled in five different ways. These; Oral culture, written culture, printed culture, electric and electronic culture were finally added to these cultures or periods Digital culture, different media tools were introduced in the forms of communication between people and people (Baldini, 2000: 6). The traditional storytelling that started in the oral culture period has been moved to a different dimension with the applications on the web during the digital culture period. Thus, storytelling has experienced many changes and transformations in structural and content. When the digital culture era and the "Imagery Age" were considered, narrators tried to convey how they were changing through storytelling, exploration, new forms of communication and use of new media tools. In particular, the work of Guy Debord's "Show Society" has been utilized. This study was carried out by the scanning model of qualitative research methods. Since the phenomenon "Barış Özcan" was studied as a Youtuber, it was realized by using Case Study Model (Karasar, 2014: 77-86). Rogers “Diffusion of Innovation Theory" has become the most theoretical basis for his work. At the end of the study, it has been determined that there are structural and content differences between traditional media tools and traditional narrative style, digital media tools and digital narration style. With this changing and transforming narrative, the position of narrator and listener has been changed in many ways. The concept of time and space has been specifically addressed in this study. Traditional and digital narratives have changed in terms of time and space.
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Mohd. Shamsuddin, Salahuddin. "Narration of Pre-Islamic Poetry and its Sources." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.95.12280.
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There is no doubt that the Arabs were illiterate, and they did not depend on the writing, but rather on the oral narrations since the pre-Islamic era. Oral narration in the pre-Islamic era was a technical school in which the young or novice poets learn the principles of poetry, just as the artisans today learn the principles of the craft and the rules of the profession. The junior remains attached to his teacher, carrying out his directions and corrections, and sticking to him as a beneficiary to be able to say and stand out in it, and whoever wanted to learn poetry or be a poet had to commit one of the great poets who was known and recognized for his status, in order to memorize, narrate and excel so that he can get the benefit and proficiency both. The series of narration of pre-Islamic poetry was not interrupted until the era of codification. However, the Orientalist Lyle confirms that who refer to (Muʻallaqāt): Pendants, for example, find that each has its own distinct personality, which proves that it belongs to its owner. Aim of this article is to shed light on that the Pre-Islamic poetry has reached us through the oral narrations, and to respond to those orientalists who doubt the authenticity of those narrations and the narrators who transmitted them until they were codified in the era of codification. In this study, we used the descriptive and historical approach, which is always useful in studying such heretical texts.
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Boni, Stefano. "Contents and Contexts the Rhetoric of Oral Traditions in the ɔman of Sefwi Wiawso, Ghana." Africa 70, no. 4 (November 2000): 568–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.4.568.
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AbstractThis article examines political oral traditions in the Sefwi (Akan) area of Ghana. Two types of narrative are studied: negotiations over the political status of stools within the kingdom and the claims to succession of matrilineal branches within stools. Narratives are analysed in relation to their claims to historicity, to the political conflicts in which they are generated and to their correspondence to legal criteria of attribution of ‘traditional’ political offices. It shows that pre‐colonial dynamic norms concerning stool status and succession turned into a fixed legal corpus in the twentieth century. Contenders’ histories have been used as evidence to judge ‘traditional’ stool disputes. Narrators have thus constructed narratives presenting ideal pasts considered worthy of legal attribution of ‘traditional’ political office. Narratives have consequently legalised narrators’ claims with reference to ancient history. The study of the context of the emergence of oral traditions—hostility between particular stool holders, national politics’ influence or conflicts over the sharing of stool revenue—shows that narratives and political conflicts have a history of their own which is carefully omitted from the narration.
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Juzwik, Mary M., Martin Nystrand, Sean Kelly, and Michael B. Sherry. "Oral Narrative Genres as Dialogic Resources for Classroom Literature Study: A Contextualized Case Study of Conversational Narrative Discussion." American Educational Research Journal 45, no. 4 (December 2008): 1111–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831208321444.
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Five questions guided a case study exploring the relationship between oral narrative and discussion in middle school literature study: (a) Relative to similar classrooms in a large-scale study, how can overall literature instruction be characterized? (b) Relative to similar classrooms in a large-scale study, how well do students achieve in the focal classroom? (c) What, if any, are the links between oral narrative and discussion? (d) If discussion and narrative co-occur, what sorts of oral narratives do narrators tell in discussions? and (e) If discussion and narrative co-occur, how can we characterize the overlap in terms of interaction? In the frequent conversational narrative discussions, where oral narrative and discussion discourse overlapped, teacher and students used various kinds of oral narrative genres to prime, sustain, ratify, and amplify discussion.
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Przyklenk, Joanna. "“Into Memory It Is Engraved – In Memory It Is Treasured – From Memory It Fades”. On the Perception of Memory in Conversations With Witnesses of History on the Example of the Archives of the Warsaw Rising Museum." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 30, no. 1 (September 28, 2023): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2023.30.1.7.
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The aim of this article is to discuss the ways in which memory is perceived in genologically homogeneous texts. The subject of the research is the word pamięć (ang. “memory”) recalled by a witness of history or by a person interviewing him/her. The texts constituting the Oral History Archive of the Warsaw Rising Museum were the source of the analyses. The linguistic view of the phenomenon of memory made use of such concepts as the linguistic image of the world, the assumption of the genological and discursive specificity of each text, and collective memory. It was established that the use of the word memory by both the questioners and the narrators indicates its receptacle character, i.e. seeing memory as a place where elements of the past are stored, with the image of memory in the narrators’ account being dynamised. The second of the meanings is also actualised in the statements of the narrators, capturing memory as a specific capacity of the human mind, which the veterans subject to metareflection, assessing it as good, weak or incomplete. They recognise its malleable and changeable character. Witnesses also use the word memory in a third meaning, i.e. to recall the memory of past persons or events in order to honour them.
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Matres, Inés. "“Ha! Suck on that Corona, I Found Something to Do”." Ethnologia Fennica 49, no. 2 (March 11, 2023): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23991/ef.v49i2.113009.
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In the spring of 2020 young people were living in an exceptional period of isolation, messiness and emotional turmoil. The pandemic situation in Finland serves as the background of this study, which focuses on participation and the voice of adolescents in times of crisis. My inquiry is based on 75 diaries collected by diverse museums and archives and originally created by 11- to 18-year-olds during remote schooling, and my aim is to ascertain how they were invited in and responded to making the stuff of history. Combining oral history and media ethnographic methods, I provide an analysis of the diaries focusing on the emotional resilience attached to hobbies, the echo that the narrators’ information habits generate, and the media ecologies that resulted from the crafting and writing of diaries. My main argument is that although the diaries capture the narrators’ reactions to the crisis, the strong presence of their ordinary lives exposes shared generational traits that are worth preserving beyond this strange time. The students were writing in and about the immediate environment in which they lived their lives, which resulted in an uncommon and rich form of oral history that raised new questions about young people’s experiences during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Harte, Liam, Jack Crangle, Graham Dawson, Barry Hazley, and Fearghus Roulston. "Voices from the Shadows: Intergenerational Conflict Memory and Second-Generation Northern Irish Identity in England." Societies 14, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc14060086.
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Recent scholarship has highlighted the heterogeneity of second-generation Irish identities in Great Britain, yet the varieties of self-identification espoused by the English-raised children of Northern Irish parents remain almost wholly unexplored. This article redresses this neglect by examining the relationship between parentally transmitted memories of the Northern Ireland Troubles (c.1969–1998) and the forms of identity and self-understanding that such children develop during their lives in England. Drawing on original oral history testimony and using the concepts of narrative inheritance and postmemory as interpretive tools, it demonstrates the complex correlation that exists between parents’ diverse approaches to memory-sharing and their children’s negotiation of inherited conflict memory as they position themselves discursively within contemporary English society. Based on a close reading of five oral history interviews, the analysis reveals a spectrum of creative postmemory practices and identity enactments, whereby narrators agentively define themselves in relation to the meanings they attribute to inherited memories, or the dearth thereof, as they navigate their tangled transnational affinities and allegiances. The article also explores how these practices and enactments are subtly responsive to narrators’ changing relationships to their narrative inheritances as their experience and awareness of their own and their parents’ lives deepen over the life course.
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Razím, Tomáš. "Civilizačně nekompetentní? Kultura české společnosti 90. let v paměti západních expatriantů." HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE 15, no. 2 (November 8, 2023): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2023.21.
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The so-called Velvet Revolution started a new “transformation” period of Czech history. There seemed to be a general agreement that the main goal was the “return to Europe”, assimilation to the West after more than 40 years of different historical development. That was not only a political and economic, but also a cultural and civilizational process. Theories about postsocialist societies with distorted values tried to explain why the westernizing process was taking longer than expected. This article confronts the theory of Polish sociologist Piotr Sztompka with oral history interviews conducted with Western expatriates who came to Czechoslovakia in early 1990s. Although daily interaction with Czech society brought them many disenchantments, the narrators generally perceived those simply as cultural differences, not as signs of civilizational incompetence. Some of the differences even led them to settle down in the Czech Republic. The most prominent social phenomena which the narrators classify altogether negatively are xenophobia and racism which in their view still prevail in Czech society, albeit less pronounced.
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Rafat, Misbah. "Austin’s Speech Act Theory on the Language of COVID-19 Affected People: Phenomenological Approach." Literature and Linguistics Journal 1, no. 1 (December 10, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.58425/llj.v1i1.83.
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Purpose: Language changes in unprecedented times leads to the invention of new vocabulary. Written and oral discourse is influenced by worldly events which cause changes in language. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of context in perpetuating particular functions of language. The focus was laid on the perlocutionary force of coronavirus related terms to determine how context effect the language and word choices of the narrator.
Methodology: This research adopted phenomenological approach and applied mixed method research design. Six blogs form Dawn news web were taken as sample where coronavirus survivors, healthcare workers and Pakistani students in China University had narrated their experiences regarding COVID-19 pandemic. Language phenomenon was analyzed by qualitative research design through close detailed document analysis of the blogs. Austin’s Speech acts theory was applied for differentiating the mostly used acts in the language of the narrators. Data was coded initially for arranging the sentences into explosives, behabitive and exercitive acts. COVID related terms were detected for analysis of the nature of the words and to find out similarities across different blogs. Quantitative analysis was carried out for quantifying the amount of the speech act usage and coronavirus related terms.
Findings: The findings showed that coronavirus survivors have performed behabitive acts more than other participants because they expressed their mental state. Healthcare workers performed explosive speech acts for 81 times and survivors performed it for 35 time because they focused more on the factual information, strategies and ongoing processes.
Conclusion: Perlocutionary force of COVID-19 related terms showed that these terms were used for creating awareness in the audience regarding the precautionary measures during pandemic.
Recommendation: Future researches can be conducted to investigate the speech acts of two different blogs to highlight the ideological stances of narrators.
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Mironov, Arsenii S. "ON THE ISSUE OF THE BYLINA PLOTS’ FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 3 (2021): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2021-3-12-31.
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The classification of epic plots proposed by the Pudoga bylina narrator F.A. Konashkov still remains largely undefined in scholarly literature, though its analysis is important for historical functional appreciation of the Russian epic folklore. According to A.M. Linevskii, F.A. Konashkov selected his bylinas taking into account the gender-and-age, family, professional, and social status of his listeners (i.e., there are bylinas for young people, married couples, the military, the Heads, the merchants, etc.) and that principle, however plain in some aspects, implies a special understanding by the bylina narrator of his repertoire. Since it is inconceivable that the bylinas being intended for one class of listeners turned out to be – in terms of their language or composition – difficult for another, it seems only logical to conclude that the division in question is based on a certain extra-aesthetic principle. As shown by a comparative axiological analysis of each bylina group, all epic songs here are united by a similar didactic moral intent, an affirmation of comparable spiritual values and, consequently, a denial of categories and notions opposed to them. Therefore, F.A. Konashkov’s classification indicates those spiritual therapeutic tasks that could challenge Russian bylina narrators in a situation of the oral text’s “natural” existence – and, accordingly, can be applied to the whole corpus of national epic folklore.
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Balay, Anne. "Surprised by Activism: The Effects of One Oral History on Its Queer Steel-Working Narrators." Oral History Review 43, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohv078.
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PENNER, D'ANN R. "Assault Rifles, Separated Families, and Murder in Their Eyes: Unasked Questions after Hurricane Katrina." Journal of American Studies 44, no. 3 (August 2010): 573–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875810001246.
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This essay critiques the trauma literature that includes African Americans who endured Hurricane Katrina's aftermath. It is concerned with possible dissonance between scholars' and subjects' agendas. Drawing on narratives from the the Saddest Days Oral History Project that Penner directed in the immediate aftermath of the hurricane, she explores divergences between the most urgent traumatic concerns of her study's narrators and the dominant questions of Katrina mental health literature. Her focus is the survivors' perceptions of rescuers' intentions, a primary consideration in the assessment of potentially traumatizing events. The mental-health specialists, with minor exceptions, correctly predicted an overall surge in traumatic and depressive symptoms for Hurricane Katrina survivors. They were less effective in identifying causation, specifying type, and appreciating major differences between social groups and communities. For almost all of the African American narrators trapped in the city after the storm, the trauma of Katrina was experienced as the product of human beings, mainly armed law enforcement personnel and soldiers, brandishing assault rifles, acting disdainfully, and separating families. The event was made cataclysmic not by the winds or the floodwaters but by their descent into a militarized zone in which narrators seemed singled out for persecution because of their race/ethnicity (and gender). The traumatizing events that were omitted from the structured interview protocols, in particular the impact of the militarized response, have had the deepest impact on survivors' identity and ability to trust others.
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Masoumi, Azar, and Ronak Ghorbani. "Spatial Histories: Geography, Memory, and Alternative Narratives of the Iranian Revolution of 1979." International Public History 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iph-2023-2003.
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Abstract In distinction from the overwhelming tendency to conceive history primarily in terms of its temporal chronologies, this paper considers the spatiality of history and historical memory. Engaging with seven Oral History interviews with diasporic Iranians in Toronto on the Iranian Revolution of 1979, we show that narratives of historical events are deeply shaped by the geographical location of narrators: those emplaced in differing geographical locations at the time of the Revolution not only remember disparate events, but also associate distinct temporal points with the Revolution. For instance, while those remembering the Revolution from the capital city of Tehran produce narratives that closely align with the official historiography of the Revolution (such as in recounting street protests and the culmination of the Revolution on February 11th, 1979), others remember events and dates that are only peripheral to official accounts (such as the arson at Cinema Rex on August 19th, 1978, or the hostage crisis that lasted from November 4th, 1979 to January 28th, 1980). In other words, both the content of memories (what narrators remember) and their temporal associations (which dates narrators recall) are informed by the embodied geography of memories. Hence, those whose geographical locations diverge from the largely capital-focused vantage point of official histographies produce narratives that diverge from these accounts. In short, geography and embodied emplacement are central to historical narrative, whether authoritative or narrated form geographical margins.
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Ajdačić, Dejan. "The naming of fables in the 19th century in Serbia, Poland, and Russia." Folk art and ethnology, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2022.01.064.
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In Slavic cultures, oral narrators, writers, folklorists use different names for folk narrative genres, so it is necessary to point out the mutual connections and historical changes of these genre names. The semantic motivation of the names of folktales is analyzed from Svetlana Tolstoy’s lecture Lexicon of folklore: metalanguage of folklore, and the names of fairy tales among Serbs, Poles and Russians in the 19th century are considered in collections and studies. under the influence of publishers, folklorists and writers.
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Hester, Yolanda, and Teresa Barnett. "Community and Commerce." Public Historian 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2024): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2024.46.3.7.
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“‘Where Do We Go from Here?’: Histories of Long-term Black Business Ownership, Community, and Family in Los Angeles County” is an oral history project of African American business owners conducted by the UCLA Center for Oral History Research. This report describes the design and implementation of the project, the challenges of outreach, and the ways in which narrators participated and negotiated their own agendas and investments in the project. It also argues for the importance of business oral history as a means of documenting African American community and social history. As this project shows, business oral histories can record the daily particulars of small business’s operations and the challenges business owners face, offer insight into the legacy of African American multi-generational businesses, demonstrate the on-going impact of racism and segregation on Black-owned businesses, and give evidence of how Black business owners conceive their relationship and responsibilities to the African American community.
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Reeves-Ellington, Barbara. "Responsibility with Loyalty." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 11, no. 1 (November 5, 1999): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.11.1.06ree.
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Abstract In the current trend toward greater reflexivity in scholarship, both translators and oral historians are re-examining their roles as mediators in the process of interpretation and representation. Based on my own interviews with Bulgarian women, I am attempting to develop model translation strategies for oral history narratives using Neubert and Shreve 's textual approach to translation. Guided in my decisions by the potential audience response, my objective is to provide historical information while retaining the emotional ring of the original interview and showcasing the unique features of the individual narrators' voices. Wary of the need to avoid "doing violence" to the people whose stories I recorded, I want to practice enough resistance while translating to complicate the reading process without resorting to subversive tactics.
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Garunova, Saida Magomedkhanovna, Robert Chenciner, and Magomedhan M. Magomedhanov. "COLOUR AND SYMBOLISM IN DAGHESTAN FOLKLORE LITERATURE AND CARPETS - A FRESH LOOK." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch143109-126.
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In the present article, we study more issues of color semantics and symbols. Our research is based on the analysis of mainly Daghestani folklore and ethnographic materials and colour characteristics of traditional textiles, including carpets. We examined two methods of gathering evidence about associations of colours in the minds of people. The first is to use some kind of psychological tests. The second is to use ideas incorporated in folklore and folk litera- ture, as handed down through generations of narrators and listeners. During this process, successive narrators have unconsciously filtered the material to ensure its relevance to their audience. This is clearly an indirect meth- od: nobody actually answers the questions from today’s experimenter, so any colour associations must be inferred from the context. Colours in oral tradition were considered, not in isolation, but rather in contrasting pairs or in sequences. It was found that a specific colour could have different associations in different conditions, and that generally the associations were more abstract than concrete. In surviving woolen rugs and felts and silk embroideries, colours appear to be linked with availability of dyes or decorative preferences rather than symbolism.
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Minami, Masahiko. "Politeness Markers and Psychological Complements." Narrative Inquiry 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.8.2.06min.
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Frames are not only universal cognitive categories to explain the narrator's consciousness, they are also a socioculturally determined concept. Using verse/stanza analysis, which is widely accepted as an effective means of analyzing narrative structure, this study examines how narrative discourse markers and linguistic strategies contribute to the culturally specific framing of Japanese oral personal narratives. Japanese adult narrators were found to employ particular linguistic markers: (1) the formal verb-ending patterns that are often pointed out as politeness markers indicating the insider-outsider distinction, and (2) psychological complements that are generally assumed to express a greater degree of hesitation and softness. It was found, however, that in narrative contexts, these two markers are more likely to appear at the end of a stanza than in any other position. In other words, in contrast to the general belief that these markers serve as devices to show politeness, when investigated from the viewpoint of narrative discourse, they have turned out to possess multiple functions, such as a psychologically effective means for cultural and contextual framing. These findings also call for an awareness on the part of Japanese language instructors to emphasize such multiple functions in the class-room, so that they may help prevent learners from making subtle but potentially critical mistakes.
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Beaujot, Ariel. "Sun Up in a Sundown Town." Public Historian 40, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.2.43.
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Hear, Here, a place-based oral history project in downtown La Crosse, Wisconsin, launched in the spring of 2015 during a rash of shootings of black men by police across America. This article explores the local context of race panic in a former sundown town—or a city that has purposely maintained itself as white—after two black narrators shared stories of their experiences with racism. The essay explores the role of public historians doing social justice work in modern America, the issues that some publics have with such work, and ways in which to deal with controversies and criticisms.
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Hlaváček, Jiří. ""An Offer Not to Be Refused": Ideology and Communist Party Membership before 1968 in the Narratives of the Czechoslovak Officer Corps." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 8 (June 26, 2019): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.243.
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This study focuses on the reflection of the relationship between the army and ideology in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. The main attention is paid to the issue of membership of Czechoslovak People's Army officers in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia before 1968. Through the analysis of oral-historical interviews, the author follows the narrative and legitimizing strategies of rejecting or accepting party membership, which was one of the conditions of career growth in the military during the period under review. An important factor in (re) constructing narrators’ memories in this case is the current media image of the communist regime in Czech society.
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Gogiashvili, Elene. "Translations of the Thousand and One Nights in Georgia and Their Adaptations in Georgian Folklore." Translation Studies: Theory and Practice 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/tstp/2021.1.1.72.
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Translation is one of the ways in a process of adaptations of fairytales of foreign origin. From this perspective, it is very important to consider literary sources in the study of oral narrative materials. The large numbers of the folktales has a rich literary tradition and some plots of the folktales come from the literature, spread and interpreted by folk narrators. This article focuses on Georgian folktales related to the stories from “The Thousand and One Nights”, and compares the types of international folktales, such as ATU938 The Tale of the King Who Lost His Kingdom, ATU976 Which was the noblest act?, ATU930A The Predestined Wife, ATU561 Aladdin, ATU35 Ali Baba. The review of these tales reveals to us information about not only Georgian folktales related to “The Thousand and One Nights” but also the unique relationship between oral tradition and literate production.
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Trávníček, Jiří. "Reading and Our Life Stories." Open Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2018-0054.
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Abstract This article addresses the topic of reading in the course of life. Its point of departure is the oral-history research carried out between 2009 and 2015 among 138 narrators (informants, respondents, interviewees) across the Czech Republic. The author presents its background, parameters as well as one of its general achievements-four moments of initiations on an axis of our reading life. The first of these takes the form of sociability (being accepted); the second-autonomy (mastering the skill); the third- maturity (being independent), the fourth-reflection (mirroring). What follows from this is the finding that reading undergoes continual development, whether a long continuity or a meandering chain of partial discontinuities. Thus, our oral history-based research shows that being open to the lifetime span provides us with a specific sensitivity towards reading, stressing mainly the fact of its being rooted in particular time-conditioned, life-motivated and purposive situations.
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El Bakri, Alia. "“MEMORIES OF THE BELOVED”: ORAL HISTORIES FROM THE 1916–19 SIEGE OF MEDINA." International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, no. 4 (October 9, 2014): 703–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743814001020.
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AbstractThis article analyzes interviews related to the 1916–19 Sharifian siege of Medina that were published in a collection on the city's history by Saudi Arabian historian Ahmad Murshid. These oral histories narrate how Fakhri Pasha (Turkish: Fahreddin), the Ottoman military commander stationed in Medina during the siege, expelled residents from their homes, strictly controlled the supply of food in the city, and managed military operations out of the Holy Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad. The article seeks to explore the perspective of ordinary civilians who experienced the siege, a perspective largely missing from the literature on the subject. The interviews are positioned here as a valuable historical source for understanding the impact of the siege on these individuals and on their families, communities, and identities. Their memories underscore the interviewees’ deep attachment to their city, as well as to their identity as madanīs and as legitimate narrators of Medina's history.
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Baghban Moshiri, Niloufar, and Ismail Aalizad. "Narrative of the Disaster." Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 24, no. 1 (February 11, 2024): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v24i1.133717.
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Society's understanding of “suffering” and disaster determines how it will be encountered. In the present study, we apply a constructivist approach and study the understanding of November 12, 2017 earthquake in Zahab at the context of the traumatic history of the region. Applying critical ethnography, oral history, field research and in-depth interviews, we found out that the event is understood in the continuation of a history of irrationality and injustice. Narrators share a common fear among marginalized groups: fear of betrayal, to be forgotten and to be ignored. There exists a vital need for creating collective narratives and identities, hearing them, recognizing them and establishing a meaningful relationship between them.
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DOĞANER, Ali, and Zeynep TÜRKERİ. "Presentation of Folk Songs Today and Changes in Folk Songs Texture." Akademik Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.34083/akaded.1085329.
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From the earliest times to the present, the narrators/transmitters of the oral cultural products of Turkish literature have been poets and minstrels ozan, kam, baksı. The oral culture tradition, which has a dynamic structure, has left its place to another literary product over time, formed in accordance with the conditions of the age, the sensitivities of the society and individuals without disturbing its specific features and rules. Folk stories and love stories with folk songs, which have replaced the Turkish epic tradition, have also taken their place in various stages and different cultural environments of our oral literature tradition with its own formation process. Today, it maintains this position with its performers and audience in environments suitable for the conditions of the age. It has been determined that in the structure of folk tales and folk songs, performers/minstrels went to some differentiations and orientations due to the conditions and changes that emerged over time, especially due to the conditions and changes arising from the performance environment. This situation has been transferred from the oral culture environment to the written culture environment, and to environments such as TV, radio, cinema, internet with the developing technology and opportunities. In addition, it created a chain of differences for the changes to be seen, especially in the verse parts of the stories, in accordance with the psychological, sociological, political situations of the audience.
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Jaago, Tiiu. "Critical events of the 1940s in Estonian life histories." Sign Systems Studies 34, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 471–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2006.34.2.11.
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The article observes how critical times, conditioned by events concurrent with Soviet power and World War II, are currently reflected in life histories of newly independent Estonia. Oral history analysis comprises texts from southern Läänemaa: oral life history interview (2005), written responses to the Estonian National Museum’s questionnaire “The 1949 Deportation, Life as a Deportee” (1999) and a written life history sent to the Estonian Literary Museum’s relevant competition “One Hundred Lives of a Century” (1999). Aiming at historic context, materials from the Estonian Historical Archives and Läänemaa County Archives have been used. The treatment focuses on two issues. First, whether oral and written narratives only differ by the form of presentation or do they also convey different messages (ideologies). Secondly, whether memories and history documents solely complement each other or do they more essentially alter the imaginations obtained from the events. The public is presented with experience narratives on coping under difficult circumstances, both at practical and mental levels. Narratives are presented from a certain standpoint, pursuant to narrators’ convictions, with the main message remaining the same in different presentations. The addition of history sources enables to better observe the evolving of narrative tradition (narration rules) and highlight new questions (hidden in the narrative).
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Chung, Siaw-Fong. "Lexical Arguments and Information Types in Malay Oral Narratives." International Review of Pragmatics 7, no. 1 (2015): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00701004.
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The analysis in this paper was based on five Malay narratives of the “frog story”. In these narratives, the types of lexical arguments and their relations with information flow and topic continuity were analyzed. It was found that most narrators used one lexical argument in telling the frog story (e.g., sarang itu jatuh “the nest fell”). About 60% of the verbs in the narratives contained one lexical argument only. Some transitive verbs that usually require the presence of both lexical arguments were used with one lexical argument only when produced in speech (e.g., dia mencari ø di merata tempat “he searched (for) ø everywhere”). Objects were sometimes omitted, as their meanings could be predicted from previous context. Despite the omission of objects, transitive constructions still prevailed in the stories. The most frequently occurring lexical arguments were objects (O) (37%), followed by intransitive subjects (S) (29%) and transitive subjects (A) (27%). In addition, our results showed that new information in Malay was usually allocated to the core argument of the object and to locative expressions, indicating that most of the new information appeared at the end of a clause. On the other hand, topic continuity was held between the subjects in two continuous intonation units. This clear-cut division of discourse functions in the heads and tails of constructions was consistently found in the five pieces of narration. This observation not only showed how ideas could be continued in Malay oral narratives, but also contributes to the study of discourse structure in Malay.
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Colletta, Jean-Marc. "Comparative analysis of children’s narratives at different ages." Gesture 9, no. 1 (June 11, 2009): 61–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.9.1.03col.
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This study addresses two questions. The first question is about how children integrate linguistic, prosodic and kinesic resources into organised discourse behaviour such as oral narratives. Three event reports produced spontaneously by 9- to 11-year-old French children during interviews with an adult were extracted from a video corpus. A detailed analysis of these on four dimensions (discourse construction, voice and prosody, co-speech gestures and facial expressions, gaze direction) reveals a remarkable ability in children of this age to use prosodic and kinesic resources to frame and structure their narrative, to dramatise and enliven the recounted events, and to comment on them or on the narration. The second question stresses the developmental aspect of multimodal narrative behaviour. 32 event reports extracted from the same corpus and produced by French children aged from 6 to 11 years were analysed in a similar way and rated by two independent coders. This second study leads us to distinguish between three levels of narrative performance which appear to coincide by age. The multimodal study of oral narratives thus shows how and when children gradually become genuine narrators.
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Yusha, Zhanna M. "Oral stories about shamanic formation in the folklore tradition of Tuvans." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2022): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/81/2.
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The study examines the mythological conceptions and archaic beliefs of the Tuvans about becoming shamans, as presented in oral narratives. Two groups of texts have been identified in shamanic narratives, collected from shamanic practitioners and from ordinary people. In addition, the specificity of shamanic narratives in Tuvan culture was analyzed. A description is given of the main signs of shamanic illness in hereditary shamans who had a shamanic ancestor in their maternal or paternal line. Memoirs of hereditary shamans mark the stages of shamanic development in the lives of the ritual specialists, with an emphasis on confirmation of the shamanic gift by an experienced magic practitioner. The texts describe the stages that an ordinary person “chosen by the spirits” goes through when accepting to follow the “will of the spirits.” It is noted that when telling about shamanic illness, the narrators pay attention to the physiological changes experienced by the future shaman. As a result, the study has revealed the cases when ordinary people with no shamanic “roots” received their shamanic skills from spirits of the Middle World (aza, albys, diiren) or from the rainbow and lightnings. Oral narratives demonstrate that the shamans of this category did not exhibit the shamanic illness peculiar to hereditary magical practitioners. The sources for the study were published folklore texts and the author’s new field recordings collected from Tuvans in Russia and China in 2010-2020.
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Schindler-Wisten, Petra. "“Communism Didn’t Touch My Kids Like Me.” Images of Communism in a Family Perspective." Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology 69, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 308–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/se-2021-0017.
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Abstract The target of this study is to introduce one particular life story and on the basis of its content analysis to focus on the narrator’s connection with the period of so-called normalization era in Czechoslovakia. Based on oral history interviews with one narrator during the longitudinal oral history project, the author focuses on whether the memories of a given period change over time and how the narrator reflects on his memories. The author maps the narrator’s family background, the extent to which it shaped him and how he evaluated it as a thirty year old man and now, when he is fifty years old. The core of our narrator’s life story stays the same in principle; he did not change it after twenty years. The reason is that the narrator’s experience and the memories have sunk in and are consistent. What changed in the narrator’s story is the amount of self-reflection that was reflected during the last interview. It was confirmed that shifts in the reflection are a common phenomenon and that some variability may not be conscious. Interpretations and evaluations of life can change, but the experiences themselves do not change.
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Hajská, Markéta. "“We had to run away”: The Lovára’s departure from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to Slovakia in 1939." Romani Studies 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 51–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/rs.2022.3.
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This article focuses on the departure of the Lovára from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to Slovakia upon Czechoslovakia’s disintegration in 1939. Based on a combination of archival research and oral history methods, it shows the Lovára’s departure in the context of the contemporaneous measures and efforts of the state administration to limit the mobility of “nomadic Gypsies” in the Czech lands, continuous throughout the pre-war period, and to stoke anti-Gypsy sentiments which were politically supported and growing in the society of the time. This description is enriched by the perspectives of participants - narrations of Roms who were perceived as “nomads” and witnessed these events. The study opens epistemic dilemmas of how to determine the category of Lovára in the available archival sources as well as how to speak about the Lovára in a historical context without essentializing this category. The author reconstructs the presence of the Lovára’s stay in the Czech lands during the First Republic from gendarme reports and other state administration documents and submits evidence of mobility of the Lovára in Czechia in the interwar decades. Their presence terminated upon Czechoslovakia’s disintegration in 1939 when the Lovára and other Roms of Slovak home affiliation had to relocate themselves from the protectorate to Slovakia. The author analyses the circumstances and the course of the departure of Lovára and other Romani families from the Czech lands to Slovakia on the eve of the Second World War and presents the narrators’ reflections on the sudden departure and subsequent peripeteia of individual families in Slovakia during the war.
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Maziarczyk, Anna. "Les enjeux du décentrement narratif dans « Mémoires de porc-épic » d’Alain Mabanckou." Romanica Wratislaviensia 69 (November 29, 2022): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.69.14.
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In his rich and varied work, Alain Mabanckou takes up themes widely explored by French-speaking authors, such as the difficult experience of immigration and the presentation of the native country embracing its cultural specificity. The writer’s fame, however, does not come solely from the fact that he offers novels which, through the perspective of direct experience and an unusual style, deal with major subjects of our time. Mabanckou works particularly on the novelistic form; he transforms and refreshes it in an ingenious way, drawing inspiration from both the oral African tradition, whose expressiveness and vigour he seeks to convey, and the Western literary culture, to which he regularly refers by allusions, quotations and borrowings of all kinds. Apart from creating a hybrid novel, in which opposing stylistics intertwine, the writer reorganizes the sphere of storytelling, proceeding with a kind of creative decentering which, paradoxically, places his work at the heart of current novelistic aesthetics. Replacing the impersonal and omniscient narrator who dominates Western fictions with homodiegetic narrators, literary counterparts of an African storyteller, he exploits and develops techniques of unreliable narration, widespread in contemporary novels. Memoirs of a Porcupine is a particularly interesting example in this regard: based on an African belief, it goes so far as to reproduce the impossible narrative situation and makes an animal tell the story. The present article explores this off-center, irrational and logically implausible storytelling that narratologists simply call “unnatural.” Relying on their theories and selected works concerning the literary animal, we will seek to identify the peculiarities of animal discourse and the textual meanings that it implicitly conveys.
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Masadah, Masadah. "Studi Reliablilitas Hadis berdasarkan Teori Explosive Isnad dan Isnad Family." Ta'dibia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Agama Islam 7, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32616/tdb.v7.2.88.43-52.
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The purpose of this study is: The purpose of this study describes reliablilitas Hadith based on Explosive Theory Isnad and Isnad Family. This research method is literature study. Data analysis method used is constant comparison method (constant comparative method). The results of this study states that what is perceived by Nabia about Hadith and its development tend to follow the mindset of most scholars of hadith. Nabia's thinking is much different from that of other orientalists such as Ignaz Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, and G.H.A. Juynboll is more skeptical in understanding the Hadith. Nabia is not. At least he believes that the existence of the Hadith is a reliable source derived from the Prophet Muhammad. Therefore, the explosive isnad theory proposed by Nabia Abbott does not seem to be much different from the isnad system proposed by the scholars of Hadith. Both Nabia and the scholars of the Hadith concluded that the sanad was the beginning of its appearance at the time of the Prophet who then spread and more branches in later times. Nabia acknowledged the transmission of Hadith in the time of the Prophet, even according to him, the existence of Hadith was written when the Prophet was alive, although the writing movement is still non-massive. At that time the Hadith more quickly developed through the oral system (submission of Hadith from oral to oral), but it does not deny that there are some friends who have documented it through writing. This narrative activity continued even until Prophet Muhammad's death. In its development and dissemination, isnad has a concept which Nabia calls the isnad family and non-family. The word "family" in this case is related to the relationship of blood or close relatives (mawali). In other words, there is a family relationship between narrators. This isnad family, developed through several prominent friends and continued for three generations, with the formula "so-and-so" (which comes from his father and his grandfather), but at a certain moment the isnad family can also evolve only through a generation, if an older narrator finds his or her grandson, wants to follow in his footsteps or otherwise narrate a Hadith to an opposing path in the family chain, for example to a nephew, like a relationship normally encountered in an isnad.