Academic literature on the topic 'Oral mucositis; radiotherapy; head and neck cancer'
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Journal articles on the topic "Oral mucositis; radiotherapy; head and neck cancer"
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Bajracharya, Barsha, Subrata Bhattacharyya, and Pratibha Poudel. "Evaluation of oral mucositis in oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v8i2.23730.
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Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate oral mucositis in oral cancer patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy.
Methods: Sixty oral cancer patients who had received at least 40 grays of radiation were included in the study. Mucositis was scored by oroscopy using WHO scale. Grades of mucositis were then compared with total dose of radiation received by the patients.
Results: The cases were receiving the mean cumulative dose of standard radiation therapy of 2Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week. All the patients developed oral mucositis. The majority had grade I mucositis, followed by grade III, II and IV. The grade of mucositis was directly proportional to the dose of radiation exposure.
Conclusion: Oral mucositis occurs among all the patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy and grade of mucositis is proportional to the dose of radiation exposure.
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Dewi, Tenny Setiani, Yannie Febby Lefaan, Sri Susilawati, Adji Kusumadjati, and Erry Mochamad Arief. "<strong>Correlation analysis between risk factors and mucositis oral in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy</strong>." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 34, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol34no2.39165.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Radiotherapy is a cancer therapy that uses ionizing radiation to damage cancer cells. Ionizing radiation in the head and neck area can disrupt the function and integrity of the oral mucosa and cause oral mucositis. In Bandung, the prevalence and risk factors of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy have not been studied. Some textbooks claim that the prevalence of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in HNC patients occurs at almost 100%. Various risk factors associated with oral mucositis have been studied, giving significantly different results. This research analyzes the correlation between risk factors and mucositis oral in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional retrospective study with secondary data from medical records of HNC patients at RSHS from January 2015 until December 2019. A consecutive sampling method was used to collect the data that match the Inclusion criteria, including diagnosis of HNC(ICD-10), receiving radiotherapy from the first cycle until the last cycle; having a complete medical record following variables (location of HNC coding by ICD-10, gender, age, education level, smoking habit, the cycle of radiotherapy, oral treatment, body mass index, and comorbid disease). All data were then analyzed using Spearman correlation. Result: 171 medical records showed 59 patients had oral mucositis after radiotherapy. 26.9% male and 7.6% female, with susceptible age 40-60 years. Analysis of the Spearman correlation, there is a significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) (ρ = 0,001), smoking habits (ρ = 0,001), and radiotherapy cycles (ρ = 0.001). Conclusion: There is a correlation between risk factors of oral mucositis in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy in RSHS, including body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, and radiotherapy cycles.Keywords: Head and neck cancer; oral mucositis; prevalence; risk factor; retrospective study
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Verma, Anjali, Rashmi P. John, and Kirti Srivastava. "EFFECTIVENESS OF TOPICAL APPLICATION OF MIXTURE OF HONEY AND COFFEE IN RADIATION INDUCED ORAL MUCOSITIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEAD & NECK CANCER UNDERGOING RADIOTHERAPY AT RADIOTHERAPY DEPARTMENT OF KGMU, LUCKNOW, U.P." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11823.
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Background: Cancers commonly known as head and neck cancers typically begin in the squamous cells that line the moist, mucosal surfaces within the head and neck. Oral mucositis is erythematous and ulcerative lesion of the oral mucosa in patients with cancer being treated with chemotherapy/ radiation therapy in the areas of oral cavity. Objectives: To assess the grade of the oral mucositis among head & neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of mixture of honey and coffee application on radiation induced oral mucositis among the study group. 3. To find the association between the radiation induced oral mucositis with selected demographic variables. Method: quasi experimental non randomized control group design was applied and 60 samples (30 in each group) were selected by convenience sampling technique. The mixture of honey and coffee was applied to the study group before and after 15 minutes of radiotherapy till the continuation of radiotherapy and no intervention was given in the control group. Result: The result revealed that the application of honey and coffee mixture was significantly effective on oral mucositis (p<0.001) in the study group. Conclusion: The study concluded that, application of mixture of honey and coffee is an effective method of reducing the onset and severity of oral mucositis in comparison with no intervention.
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Traktama, Dewi Oktafia, and Irna Sufiawati. "Oral mucositis severity in patient with head and neck cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 4, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.33709.
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Oral mucositis is an inflammatory process and ulcerative of the oral mucosa due to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The incidence and severity of oral mucositis might be influenced by a variety of risk factors, related to the host and treatment of the cancer. This aim of the case report is to evaluate risk factors that affect the severity of oral mucositis in two patients with nasopharyngeal cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The first case, oral mucositis grade III and oral candidiasis to a 54-year old woman undergoing 16 times radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer stage IV. The second case, oral mucositis grade I and oral candidiasis were found in a 55-year old man suffering from nasopharyngeal cancer stage IV who has been treated 10 times with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Both patients had a similar age range and cancer stage. The differences of severity oral mucositis in both cases were suspected due to the host factors-related that are gender and nutritional status. In addition, intra-oral condition (poor oral hygiene, xerostomia), smoking habits and patient compliance may also affect the severity of oral mucositis in the second case. Treatment factors such as the type, dose and duration of chemotherapy t, might also affect the severity in both cases. Both patients were given chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, nystatin oral suspension, vitamin B12, and folic acid for treating oral mucositis. In conclusion, the understanding of risk factors oral mucositis is deemed necessary to control the severity and to provide an appropriate management to improve the quality of patients’ life.
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Arumsadu, Annisa Gustiasti, Niluh Ringga Woroprobosari, Rina Kartika Sari, and Rochman Mujayanto. "POTENTIAL OF OZONE WATER TO REDUCE THE SEVERITY OF ORAL MUCOSITIS IN PATIENTS POST HEAD AND NECK RADIOTHERAPY." Jurnal Medali 3, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/medali.v3i1.16965.
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Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after heart disease. One type of cancer, namely head and neck cancer, can be treated with head and neck radiotherapy. Continuous radiotherapy will cause an increase in oxidative stress and free radicals and damage to the oral mucosa, one of which is oral mucositis. Giving ozone water can help reduce the degree of oral mucositis in patients. Ozone water itself has several beneficial effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ozone water in reducing the severity of oral mucositis in patients after head and neck radiotherapy.Method: Gargling treatment using ozone water in a ratio of 2:3 for 1 minute with 4 repetitions for 2 weeks showed a significant reduction in pain. Ozone used in gas or liquid form for more than 5 minutes has the potential to cause side effects on the duration of inflammation and for gas can cause infection in the respiratory tract.Conclusion: The conclusion of this review is that the administration of ozone water with a concentration of 2-4 ppm for approximately 5 minutes has the potential to cure oral mucositis due to head and neck radiotherapy
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Saher, Fizza, Mervyn Hosein, Abne Hasan, Jabbar Ahmed Qureshi, Tazein Amber, and Nisa Fatima Sunderjee. "Effects of Oil Pulling On Chemo-radiotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 28, no. 01 (February 2019): 03–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.281.3.
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Kamian, S. "Benzydamine for prophylaxis of radiation induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancers: Double-blind clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 9042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9042.
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9042 Background: Oral mucositis is one of the most common adverse effects of radiotherapy in head and neck tumors. We determined the efficacy of oral rinse benzydamine in prevention of radiation induced mucositis. Methods: Patients with head and neck cancers were enrolled in a randomize, placebo-controlled clinical trail to receive either benzydamine or placebo. All the cases received at least 50 Gy radiation to the oral cavity and oropharyngeal areas. The end points were comparison of highest grade of mucositis at the end of radiotherapy, frequency of grade 2 or more, the interval days to establishing grade 2 in the groups. Results: 100 patients with head and neck cancers were randomized in this trail. At the end of the study, 19 patients were excluded of the analysis due to minor side effects of drug, or stopping the radiotherapy. In 39 cases in the treated group, the frequency of mucositis grade 3 or more was 43.6% (17 cases) in contrast to 78.6% (33 cases) in 42 cases in the placebo group, which was significant (p=0.001). Mucositis grade 3 or more was 2.6 times frequent in placebo group (CI=95%, relative risk=1.38–5). At the end of RT, at least 42% of the treated group had mucositis grade 3 or more in contrast to at least 76% in the control group which was statistically significant. Intensity of mucositis was increased up to forth week of treatment in both groups to grade 2. In the treated group the grade of mucositis was approximately constant to the end of therapy; but in the control group it raised to grade 3 (p<0.001). The highest grade of mucositis during the treatment time was significantly different between two groups (p=0.049). The median interval days of establishing grade 2 mucositis was 3.6 days sooner in the placebo group (p=0.12). Conclusions: According to these results it seems that oral rinse benzydamine was effective, safe, and well tolerated for prophylactic treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck tumors. [Table: see text]
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Chattopadhyay, Subrata, Aramita Saha, Mohammad Azam, Anindya Mukherjee, and Prabir Kumar Sur. "Role of oral glutamine in alleviation and prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis: A prospective randomized study." South Asian Journal of Cancer 03, no. 01 (January 2014): 008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-330x.126501.
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Abstract Background: Oral mucositis is the most frequently occurring painful and dose-limiting side-effect of radiation of the head and neck region. Few studies demonstrated that oral glutamine suspension may significantly reduce the duration and severity of objective oral mucositis during radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A randomized, prospective single institutional case control study was performed between April 2012 and November 2012 comparing the influence of oral glutamine on radiation induced mucositis in head and neck malignancy patients. Seventy biopsy proven patients with head and neck cancer receiving primary or adjuvant radiation therapy were randomized to receive either oral glutamine suspension daily 2h before radiation in the study arm (10 g in 1000 ml of water) (n = 35) or nothing before radiation; control arm (n = 35). Results and Analysis: Total 32 patients (91.43%) in the glutamine arm and total 34 patients (97.15%) developed mucositis. Grade 3 mucositis (14.29%) and grade 4 mucositis (2.86%) in the study arm (who received oral glutamine) were significantly less (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) in the glutamine arm. The mean duration of grade 3 or worse mucositis (grade 3 and grade 4) was significantly less (6.6 days vs. 9.2 days) in study arm with P < 0.001. Mean time of onset of mucositis was significantly delayed in patients who took glutamine in comparison to control arm with P < 0.001. Conclusion: Glutamine delays oral mucositis in the head neck cancer patients. Moreover, it reduces the frequency and duration of grade 3 and grade 4 mucositis.
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Maurya, Reeta, Manodeep Sen, Madhup Rastogi, and Somali Sanyal. "Alteration in Oral Flora and Effect of Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemo-radiotherapy." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 2129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.3.53.
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The main aim of this study is to determine the various types of oral bacteria and yeast. Present in oral flora of head and neck cancer patients at different stages of chemo-radiotherapy, and compare it with the control group (patients with contralateral healthy mucosa). Seventy seven patients with proven history of squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. The oral mucosa profile was assessed for bacterial manifestations in swab samples from both the sites of the patients. The grade of mucositis was charted out for all patients during the second and third week of radiotherapy. The study revealed that all isolated oral flora showed a non-significant increase during radiotherapy, while there was a decrease in oral flora in post RT. However, E. faecalis showed a non- significant decrease during RT, while Citrobacter showed an increase. Candida albicans showed 83% non- significant decrease post- radiotherapy. When these floras were correlated with grade of mucositis, an insignificant increase in flora was found in G2 and G3 stage of mucositis. In this study, the effect of radiation was evaluated on oral flora of head and neck cancer patients and compared with contralateral healthy mucosa of the patients. Various changes were observed during and after radiation therapy. In patients with head and neck cancer the normal oral flora are replaced by pathogenic flora during radiotherapy, and the latter is responsible for infections in post- radiation phase.
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Rashad, U. M., S. M. Al-Gezawy, E. El-Gezawy, and A. N. Azzaz. "Honey as topical prophylaxis against radiochemotherapy-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 2 (May 19, 2008): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108002478.
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AbstractAim:To evaluate the efficacy of pure natural honey as prophylaxis against radiochemotherapy-induced mucositis, through clinical scoring of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis, and culturing of pathogenic oral and oropharyngeal microbes.Patients and methods:The study was done in Assiut University Hospital, Egypt, between January 2005 and July 2006. Forty patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer were entered into the trial. Enrolled patients were randomised to either the treatment group, receiving concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (with a significant area of directly visible oral and/or oropharyngeal mucosa included in the radiation fields) plus prior topical application of pure natural honey, or the control group, receiving concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy without honey. Patients were evaluated clinically every week to assess development of radiation mucositis. Aerobic cultures and candida colonisation assessment were undertaken, via oral and oropharyngeal swabs, prior to and at the completion of irradiation, and when infection was evident.Results:In the treatment group, no patients developed grade four mucositis and only three patients (15 per cent) developed grade three mucositis. In the control group, 13 patients (65 per cent) developed grade three or four mucositis (p < 0.05). Candida colonisation was found in 15 per cent of the treatment group and 60 per cent of the control group, either during or after radiotherapy (p = 0.003). Positive cultures for aerobic pathogenic bacteria were observed in 15 per cent of the treatment group and 65 per cent of the control group, during or after radiotherapy (p = 0.007).Conclusion:This study shows that prophylactic use of pure natural honey was effective in reducing mucositis resulting from radiochemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oral mucositis; radiotherapy; head and neck cancer"
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Chan, Sze-man, and 陳詩敏. "A clinical guideline to manage radiotherapy induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44622934.
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Alencar, Anelise Ribeiro Peixoto. "Tratamento da mucosite oral radio e quimioinduzida: comparação entre protocolo medicamentoso convencional e tratamentos com lasers em baixa intensidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-01072011-131133/.
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Neste estudo clínico verificaram-se os efeitos do laser em baixa intensidade na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral radio e/ou radioquimioinduzida. Foram selecionados 31 pacientes portadores de câncer em cabeça e pescoço a serem submetidos à radioterapia ou a radioterapia em associação a quimioterapia, os quais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo 1 (controle) tratamento medicamentoso; grupo 2 tratamento medicamentoso e laserterapia diária, a partir do início da ulceração referente à mucosite grau 2 e grupo 3 tratamento medicamentoso e laserterapia diária a ser iniciada imediatamente antes do início da radioterapia. Os parâmetros de irradiação foram: comprimento de onda de 660nm, potência de 100mW, modo de operação contínuo, aplicação pontual, energia de 2J por ponto em 30 pontos pré-determinados, sendo o tempo utilizado de 20s por ponto. O grupo controle recebeu tratamento medicamentoso que consistia no uso de um conjunto de medidas preventivas e terapêuticas para abordagem dos efeitos adversos agudos radioinduzidos. Os resultados foram avaliados, quanto à ocorrência, graus e escore de dor associados à mucosite oral, perda de massa corpórea, uso de sonda nasogástrica, necessidade de internação e interrupção do tratamento oncológico decorrentes da mucosite oral. Os resultados indicam que o protocolo de aplicação do laser em sua forma preventiva é o mais efetivo na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral e que seu uso diário contribuiu para o alívio da sintomatologia dolorosa colaborando para melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico.In this clinical study verified the effects of low intensity laser in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis radio and/or chemical induced. Thirty one patients with head and neck cancer were selected before being submitted to cancer exclusive radiotherapy or radio and associated chemotherapy. The patients were distributed into three randomly groups as follows: group 1- (control) conventional medicine treatment; group 2 conventional medicine treatment and daily lasertherapy as soon as grade two oral mucositis appeared; group 3 conventional medicine treatment and daily lasertherapy to be initiated immediately before radiotherapy sessions.The irradiation parameters were: wavelength of 660nm, potency of 100mW, continuous mode, punctual application, 2J energy on thirty pre-determined 30 points, with 20s of exposure per point. The control group received medical treatment which consisted in using a set of preventive and therapeutic approach for acute radiation-induced adverse effects. Results were evaluated observing occurrence and grade of oral mucositis, score of pain, loss of body mass, use of nasogastric sound line, internment and interruption of oncologic treatment due to oral mucositis. The results showed that the preventive protocol as used was the most effective in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis and that its daily application contributed in relieving the painful symptomatology so collaborating to maintain and/or bettering the life quality of oncologic patients.
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Ribeiro, Sara Isabel Macedo. "Alterações na cavidade oral provocadas pelo tratamento de radioterapia em pacientes com cancro de cabeça e pescoço." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3702.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaO cancro de cabeça e pescoço representa cerca de 10% dos tumores malignos a nível mundial, e anualmente são diagnosticados sensivelmente 500.000 novos casos em todo o mundo. A nível nacional, o cancro de cabeça e pescoço é uma neoplasia maligna relativamente frequente, sendo responsável por uma taxa de mortalidade elevada. No ano de 2005 e 2006 foram registados 10286 doentes no RORENO, e destes, 1240 eram referentes à cavidade oral e pescoço, sendo as principais localizações na glândula tiroideia, seguida da laringe, esófago, boca (que inclui a gengiva, o pavimento da boca, palato e o trígono retromolar), língua, amígdala, lábio, hipofaringe, nasofaringe, orofaringe e glândulas salivares. Não só o cancro oral produz alterações na cavidade oral, bem como a terapia utilizada para o tratamento dos diversos tipos de neoplasias. A radioterapia é uma das formas terapêuticas utilizada para o tratamento das neoplasias da cabeça e pescoço, porém apesar da sua eficácia esta modalidade terapêutica também promove alguns efeitos adversos, tais como a mucosite, xerostomia, dermatite, disfagia, disgeusia, infecções secundárias, cárie por radiação, trismo, necrose de tecido mole e osteorradionecrose. Estes efeitos colaterais decorrentes da radioterapia estão relacionados com a dose de radiação, a forma de administração, a extensão e a localização da área a ser irradiada, bem como a qualidade e poder de penetração da radiação e dos factores individuais do paciente. Deste modo, os danos da radiação podem manifestar-se gradualmente ao longo de muitos meses ou anos após o terminar do tratamento e/ou ocorrer meses depois do termino da terapia antitumoral. As complicações do cancro de cabeça e pescoço encontram-se entre as mais devastadoras a curto e a longo prazo, por afectarem as actividades humanas mais básicas, tais como alimentar-se e comunicar-se. Assim, é de grande importância que o Médico Dentista, a fim de minimizar os transtornos decorrentes da terapia antitumoral, examine o paciente antes de iniciar o tratamento antineoplásico, e inicie um programa de higiene oral e seja instruído sobre a importância desta higienização no decurso do tratamento oncológico. Assim sendo, é necessário uma equipa multidisciplinar, do qual o Médico Dentista faça parte, de modo a tornar mais digna a vida dos pacientes com este tipo de patologia, ou mesmo prevenir tais complicações surgidas devido à terapêutica. The head and neck cancer represents about 10% of malignant tumors worldwide, and are diagnosed annually substantially 500,000 new cases worldwide. Nationally, the head and neck cancer is a relatively common malignancy, accounting for a high mortality rate. In 2005 and 2006 were 10286 registered patients in RORENO, and of these, 1240 were related to the oral cavity and neck, and the main locations in the thyroid gland, followed by the larynx, esophagus, mouth (including gum, floor of mouth, palate and retromolar trigone), tongue, tonsil, lip, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx and salivary glands. Not only oral cancer produces changes in the oral cavity as well as the therapy used for treating various types of neoplasms. Radiation therapy is one way used for the therapeutic treatment of cancers of head and neck, but despite its efficacy, this type of treatment also promotes some adverse effects, such as mucositis, xerostomia, dermatitis, dysphagia, dysgeusia, secondary infections, caries by radiation, trismus, soft tissue necrosis and osteoradionecrosis. These side effects resulting from radiotherapy are related to the radiation dose, the administration form, the extent and location of the area to be irradiated, and the quality and and the penetrating power of the radiation and the individual factors of the patient. This way, the radiation damage may occur gradually over many months or years after the end of the treatment and / or occur months after the end of antitumor therapy. Complications of head and neck cancers are among the most devastating in the short and long term, to affect the most basic human activities such as eating and communicating. Thus, it is very important that the dentist, in order to minimize the problems caused antitumor therapy, examine the patient before starting their treatment, and initiate a program of oral hygiene and instructed on the importance of hygiene during the cancer treatment. Therefore, it is necessary a multidisciplinary team, of which the dentist is an essential part, to make more worthy the life of patients with this type of pathology, or even prevent such complications arising due to therapy.
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Carvalho, Filipa Baptista Neto Viegas de. "A terapêutica fotodinâmica nos tratamentos das lesões potencialmente malignas e cancro da cavidade oral." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5239.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaA terapia fotodinâmica (PDT, do inglês, photodynamic therapy) é uma opção terapêutica recente e valiosa, dirigida para a destruição das células tumorais, com potencial para ser incluída no tratamento principal de combate ao cancro, bem como adjuvante de outras terapêuticas. Atualmente é considerada uma estratégia terapêutica de sucesso, clinicamente, aprovada para o tratamento de lesões potencialmente malignas (LPM) e malignas da cavidade oral. A PDT envolve a administração de um fotossensibilizador (PS, do inglês, photosensitizer) que, por si só, não possui efeito farmacológico. Contudo, este é, posteriormente ativado por irradiação, com luz visível de comprimento de onda (λ) adequado ao local a tratar. Com a foto-ativação do PS ocorre a produção de espécies reativas de oxigénio (ROS, do inglês, reactive oxygen species) que dão inicio à morte celular. O processo está associado com a indução de uma forte reação inflamatória local, potenciando a resposta imunitária e conduzindo à destruição efetiva das células tumorais. O efeito citotóxico ocorre, apenas, no local de ativação da luz e o PS acumula-se preferencialmente nas células malignas, pelo que esta terapêutica apresenta elevada seletividade e um baixo número de efeitos secundários. No contexto clínico, a PDT é utilizada em diversas áreas da medicina como a oftalmologia, a dermatologia e a oncologia, entre outras. No entanto, a sua utilização no tratamento do cancro ainda é limitada.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new and valuable therapeutic option, directed to the destruction of tumor cells, with the potential to be included in the primary treatment to combat cancer, as well as an adjunct to other therapies. A successful therapeutic strategy, clinically approved for the treatment of premalignant lesions (LPM) and malignant oral cavity is considered currently. PDT involves the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) which, by itself, does not possess pharmacological effect. However, this is subsequently activated by irradiation with visible light of wavelength (λ) appropriate to the site to be treated. With the photo-activation of the PS occurs the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS, English, reactive oxygen species) that give beginning to cell death. The process is associated with the induction of a strong local inflammatory response, enhancing the immune response and leading to the effective destruction of tumor cells. The cytotoxic effect occurs only in the light activation site and the PS accumulates preferentially in malignant cells, whereby this treatment has high selectivity and a low number of side effects. In the clinical context, PDT is used in many areas of medicine such as ophthalmology, dermatology and oncology, among others. However, their use in cancer treatment is still limited.
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Jonsson, Eva Lindell. "Biomolecular markers in head and neck cancer." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Öron-, näs- och halssjukdomar, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-306126.
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Head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumours, of which certain subgroups such as cancer of the mobile tongue frequently are associated with a relatively poor prognosis due to the high risk of regional failure and mortality rates that haven’t improved in a significant way over the last 3 decades, despite advancements in both diagnostics and treatment. Today we lack means to assess the biological aggressiveness of each individual tumour, which varies largely. Treatment comprises of surgery with additional radiotherapy and medical therapies in more advanced tumours. The focus in this thesis is on molecular biomarker expression in head and neck cancer and especially in association with radiotherapy. Increased knowledge paves the way to a more individualized cancer treatment aiming for better outcome and less overtreatment and sequelae. The aims of this thesis was: To map the effects of radiotherapy in both tumour and adjacent tissue for the possible markers hyaluronan, EGFR and mast cells. To investigate whether the expression of hyaluronan in the epithelium and connective tissue stroma and EGFR in the tumour correlates with the risk for developing cervical metastasis in N0 patients, and to find out whether the 3-year tumour-specific survival rates correlates with the expression of HA in the epithelium and EGFR in the tumour. To establish an animal model for radiation-induced mucositis and to use that model to examine the pattern of invading inflammatory cells. To investigate whether the expression of podoplanin in tongue cancer correlates with the risk for cervical metastasis and to determine whether the total amount of lymph vessels in the diagnostic biopsy has any impact on the clinical outcome. To investigate the differences in the metabolome of tongue cancer cell lines with different radiosensitivity. The most important findings of this thesis were: The expression of EGFR and hyaluronan hade the same pattern of expression in both tumour and adjacent tissues before radiotherapy. The expression of EGFR was increased in the epithelium of the adjacent tissue close to the tumour after radiotherapy. The intensity of the staining of hyaluronan was correlated to the 3-year survival rates in patients with tongue cancer. An experimental model for radiation-induced oral mucositis in rat was established and in this model a temporal pattern of macrophage invasion with two different subtypes of macrophages was found. There were no correlation between the expression of podoplanin in the tumour tissue and the cervical metastasis rate in patients with tongue cancer, but the younger patients were more likely to have a higher expression of podoplanin in their tumour than elder patients. Tongue cancer cell lines with different radiosensitivity respond to irradiation with different patterns of metabolic expressions.
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Pow, Ho-nang Edmond, and 鮑浩能. "Oral health and quality of life after intensity-modulated head and neck radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501565X.
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Silva, Ana Margarida Abreu Rodrigues da. "A radioterapia em patologia oncológica de cabeça e pescoço: impacto na qualidade de vida e na saúde oral." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3407.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaO cancro é um problema de saúde pública a nível mundial, devido à sua crescente prevalência, com grande impacto individual e social. Têm-se verificado progressos importantes no tratamento oncológico, aumentando a expectativa de vida dos doentes, pelo que é de extrema importância para a sua recuperação e reintegração na sociedade, melhorar a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde (QdVRS) dos mesmos. A radioterapia é uma das modalidades terapêuticas mais utilizadas no tratamento do patologia oncológica de cabeça e pescoço, podendo estar associada ou não à cirurgia ou quimioterapia. No entanto, apesar do tratamento radioterápico visar atingir apenas as células neoplásicas, pode provocar efeitos secundários nocivos nas células normais da zona irradiada, interferindo na QdVRS do doente ou mesmo alterando a evolução do próprio tratamento. Algumas das complicações mais frequentes da radioterapia na cavidade oral são a xerostomia, mucosite, disfagia, candidose, entre outras. Assim, o Médico Dentista tem um papel fundamental na equipa multidisciplinar de tratamento oncológico, permitindo minimizar a frequência e morbilidade das complicações decorrentes da doença ou do seu tratamento e, consequentemente, melhorar a QdVRS destes doentes. Neste estudo pretende-se avaliar o impacto do tratamento radioterápico na QdVRS dos doentes oncológicos de cabeça e pescoço. Para isso, 91 doentes oncológicos de cabeça e pescoço do Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil do Porto (IPOPFG) responderam a dois questionários diferentes sobre QdVRS: EORTC QLQ-C30 (avaliação geral da QdVRS) e QLQ-H&N35 (módulo específico para pacientes com patologia oncológica de cabeça e pescoço). Os resultados obtidos indicam que aquando do diagnóstico, a maioria dos tumores encontra-se em estádios avançados da doença (58.5%), sendo a QdVRS dos homens mais afectada comparativamente à das mulheres. Conclui-se que é de extrema importância a sensibilização da população para o cancro oral e a necessidade de exames de rotina da cavidade oral de modo a permitir o diagnóstico precoce da doença. Due to its increasing prevalence cancer is a public health problem worldwide with huge individual and social impact. There have been significant advances in cancer treatment, increasing patients’ life expectancy. Thus it is of utmost importance to their recovery and reintegration into society to improve patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Radiation therapy is one of the most used therapies in the treatment of the head and neck cancer, and may be used together with surgery or chemotherapy. However, despite aiming at targeting only the neoplastic cells, it can cause harmful side effects in normal cells of the radiated area, interfering in the patient's HRQoL or even changing the evolution of the treatment itself. Some of the most frequent complications of radiotherapy in the oral cavity are xerostomy, mucositis, dysphagia, candidiasis, among others. So, the Dentist has a fundamental role in the multidisciplinary team of oncological treatment, minimizing the frequency and morbidity of the complications arising from the disease or its treatment and, consequently, improving the HRQoL of these patients. This study aims to evaluate the impact of radiation treatment on the HRQoL of patients with head and neck cancer. To do this, 91 patients with head and neck cancer being treated at Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil (Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil - IPOPFG), in Porto, answered to two different questionnaires on HRQoL: EORTC QLQ-C30 (general assessment of HRQoL) and QLQ-H&N35 (specific module given to patients with head and neck cancer). The results obtained indicate that at the time of diagnosis, most tumors are in advanced stages of the disease (58.5%), the HRQoL of men being more affected when compared to that of women. It is concluded that it is of utmost importance the awareness of the population to oral cancer and the need for routine examinations of the oral cavity to allow for early diagnosis of the disease.
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Andrade, Ana Paula Eufr?zio do Nascimento. "Estudo cl?nico randomizado sobre a efic?cia da polihexanida no tratamento da mucosite oral em pacientes com c?ncer de cabe?a e pesco?o." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/549.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Introduction: Malignant neoplasms represent one of the main causes of morbi-mortality in Brazil and worldwide. Radiotherapy, whether associated or not with chemotherapy, is the therapeutic modality most often used for cancer of the head and neck. However, it can trigger reactions at the oral level, such as oral mucositis, the most limiting side effect, with intense pain and difficulty eating, which may require the suspension of oncologic treatment for the patient. Polyhexanide has been used effectively and safely in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. Objectives: To describe the clinical-epidemiologic profile and investigate the efficacy of polyhexanide in the treatment of oral mucositis and pain relief, in the period of 8-15 days, among patients with cancer of the head and neck undergoing treatment with radiotherapy (whether associated or not with chemotherapy). Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted, parallel and double-blind, among patients with cancer of the head and neck undergoing radiotherapy treatment with or without chemotherapy, in the High Complexity Oncology Unit of Feira de Santana, Bahia, who developed oral mucositis, were 18 years of age or older and consented to participation and signed informed consent forms in the period of July 2015 to May 2016. Two equal groups were formed by random allocation?an intervention group (polyhexanide gel) and a control group (gel without polyhexanide). These groups were reevaluated after 8 and 15 days of use of the gels. Clinical exams, evaluations of the medical records, and interviews with the application of a survey instrument used in the study were approved by the Committee for Ethics in Human Subjects Research of the State University of Feira de Santana, under the number 1.074.479/2015. Statistical analysis consisted of relative and absolute frequencies, averages, medians, and standard deviation, and the p-value?considered statistically signification when <0.05?were obtained by non-parametric Friedman tests, Wilcoxon the posts with signs and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Results: The findings were presented as an article. The mean age was 59.68 years; 58.8% men; 67.6% Brown/Black, and 79.4% with an elementary school education or less. The majority of tumors (64.7%) already presented in advanced stage, and the most frequent were those of the pharynx (23.5%) and the oral cavity (20.4%). Radiotherapy associated with chemotherapy was the most used therapy. Grades III and IV of oral mucositis were the most frequent in the third and fourth weeks of radiotherapy treatment. A total of 34 individuals were accompanied, 17 in the intervention group and 17 in the control group. After a period of 8 to 15 days, statistically significant differences were observed (p<0.05) in relation to the reduction in severity of the oral mucositis and pain, between the time points of gel use in the intervention group. Conclusions: Knowledge of the clinical-epidemiologic profile of patients undergoing oncology treatment with oral mucositis is important to establish potentially effective treatments. In this study polyhexanide represented an effective therapy in the treatment of oral mucositis and relief of pain, with positive results in the first 8 days of use.
As neoplasias malignas representam uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. A Radioterapia, associada ou n?o a quimioterapia, ? a modalidade terap?utica mais empregada para o c?ncer de cabe?a e pesco?o. Todavia, pode desencadear rea??es em n?vel bucal, como a mucosite oral, o efeito mais limitante, com dor intensa e dificuldades na alimenta??o, podendo requerer at? a suspens?o do tratamento oncol?gico do paciente. A polihexanida tem sido empregada no tratamento de feridas agudas e cr?nicas, com efic?cia e seguran?a. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil cl?nico-epidemiol?gico e investigar a efic?cia da polihexanida no tratamento da mucosite oral e do al?vio da dor, no per?odo de 8 e 15 dias, em pacientes com c?ncer de cabe?a e pesco?o, sob tratamento com radioterapia associada ou n?o a quimioterapia. M?todos: Realizou-se um ensaio cl?nico randomizado, paralelo e duplo cego, com todos os pacientes com c?ncer de cabe?a e pesco?o sob tratamento com radioterapia associada ou n?o a quimioterapia, na Unidade de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia de Feira de Santana, Bahia, que desenvolveram mucosite oral, tinham 18 anos ou mais de idade e aceitaram participar assinando o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, no per?odo de julho de 2015 a maio de 2016. Dois grupos foram igualmente formados por aloca??o aleat?ria, o de interven??o (gel de polihexanida) e o grupo controle (gel sem polihexanida), e reavaliados nos intervalos de 8 e 15 dias de uso dos g?is. Avalia??es cl?nicas, de prontu?rios e entrevistas com aplica??o de formul?rio foram aplicadas neste estudo aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana sob o n?mero 1.074.479/2015. Para a an?lise estat?stica empregaram-se as frequ?ncias relativas e absolutas, m?dias, medianas e desvio-padr?o, e o valor de p, considerado estatisticamente significativo quando ? 0,05 foi obtido por meio dos testes n?o param?tricos de Friedman, Wilcoxon dos postos com sinais e Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Os achados foram apresentados em forma de artigo. A m?dia de idade foi de 59,68 anos; 58,8% homens; 67,6% de cor parda e 79,4% analfabetos ou com baixo grau de escolaridade. A maioria (64,7%) dos tumores j? se apresentava em est?dio avan?ado, sendo os mais frequentes os da faringe (23,5%) e cavidade oral (20,4%). A Radioterapia associada ? quimioterapia foi a terap?utica mais empregada. Graus III e IV de mucosite oral foram mais frequentes nas 3? e 4? semanas de tratamento radioter?pico. Um total de 34 indiv?duos foi acompanhado, sendo 17 do grupo de interven??o e 17 do grupo controle. Ap?s um per?odo de 8 e 15 dias, observaram-se diferen?as estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) em rela??o a redu??o da gravidade da mucosite oral e da dor, entre os tempos de uso do gel no grupo de interven??o. Conclus?es: O conhecimento do perfil cl?nico-epidemiol?gico de pacientes em tratamento oncol?gico com mucosite oral faz-se importante para se estabelecer terap?uticas potencialmente eficazes. Neste estudo a polihexanida apresentou-se como uma terap?utica eficaz no tratamento da mucosite oral e controle da dor, com resultados positivos ainda nos primeiros 8 dias de uso.
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Lima, Aline Gouvêa de. "Avaliação da eficácia da aplicação preventiva do laser de baixa potência em pacientes com mucosite oral induzida por radioquimioterapia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5155/tde-23032010-100838/.
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Estudo de fase III, prospectivo, aleatorizado e duplo-cego de prevenção de mucosite oral com laser de baixa potência. Foram incluídos pacientes portadores de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tratados com radioquimioterapia. Grupo A laser 2,5 J/cm2 diariamente durante o tratamento e grupo B laser placebo. Inclusão de 75 pacientes (A/B 37/38). Grau III /IV mucosite: A/B 2a semana (4/5) P=1.0, 4a semana (4/12) P=0.04 e 6a semana (8/9) P=1.0. Interrupções da RT devido à mucosite A/B 0/6 P=0.02. Dor severa A/B 2a semana (5/5), 4a semana (8/8) e 6a semana (8/8) P=1.0. O tratamento com laser foi efetivo, tendo adiado o aparecimento da mucosite severa e reduzido as interrupções da radioterapia.Phase III, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of oral mucositis prophylaxis by low energy laser. Patients included had a diagnosis of head and neck cancer and were managed with radiochemotherapy. Arm A laser 2.5 J/cm2 daily throughout treatment and B sham laser. Inclusion of 75 patients (A/B 37/38). Grade III /IV mucositis A/B: week 2 (4/5) P=1.0, week 4 (4/12) P=0.04 and week 6 (8/9) P=1.0. Treatment breaks due to mucositis A/B 0/6 P=0.02. Severe pain A/B week 2 (5/5), week 4 (8/8) and week 6 (8/8) P=1.0. Low laser therapy was effective, delaying severe mucositis and reducing radiotherapy breaks.
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Bowen, Joanne. "Prevention of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients : a systematic review." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78862.
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Oral mucositis is a common and costly consequence of cancer treatment that currently lacks adequate intervention options. Patients treated for head and neck malignancies are at particularly high risk of severe mucositis, which significantly impedes delivery of therapy and consequently results in poorer outcomes in this population. As such, the quantitative objective of this review was to identify the effectiveness of agents and devices for oral mucositis prevention in newly diagnosed adult head & neck cancer patients being treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The methodological framework developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed to conduct the review. The quantitative component of the review considered any randomised controlled trials. In the absence of RCTs other research designs, such as non-randomised controlled trials and before and after studies, were considered for inclusion in a narrative summary to enable the identification of current best evidence. Databases were searched for published and non-published studies. A total of 202 studies were retrieved for review, with 81 studies excluded after reading the full article for clearly not meeting the inclusion criteria of the review. Two reviewers independently assessed 123 studies for methodological quality, excluding 51 for a range of reasons including failure to present baseline data, and use of intervention for mucositis treatment rather than prophylaxis. In the final 72 studies, 13 interventions provided sufficient evidence to be combined in meta-analyses. Only 8 interventions provided weak evidence of benefit to prevent oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, including amifsotine (intravenous administration), aloe vera, G-CSF, honey, sucralfate, morning radiotherapy, providone-iodine and Wobe-Mugos E. Honey was the only intervention to significantly reduce severe mucositis during radiotherapy in all studies, indicating that this is a promising agent deserving further investigation. The remaining interventions had either too few studies conducted or conflicting results to make conclusions regarding effectiveness. A lack of studies which examined the same intervention and inconsistency in reporting of outcomes prevented aggregation of study results into statistical meta-analysis for most interventions. Furthermore, a general need for additional well designed, adequately powered studies of interventions contributed to the lack of evidence. Future mucositis intervention studies require appropriate placebo controls and double blinding to increase the level of evidence available for the few promising interventions identified.Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, The Joanna Briggs Institute, 2012
Book chapters on the topic "Oral mucositis; radiotherapy; head and neck cancer"
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Zhen, Weining. "Oral Cavity Cancer." In Functional Preservation and Quality of Life in Head and Neck Radiotherapy, 3–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73232-7_1.
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Szturz, Petr, and Jan B. Vermorken. "High-Dose Three-Weekly or Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin during Radiation, What to Prefer?" In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_10.
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AbstractIn locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, adding three cycles of high-dose (100 mg/m2) cisplatin every three weeks to definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy can significantly improve locoregional control and survival. One of the major drawbacks is severe acute toxicity with about 40% of patients developing mucositis, up to one fourth suffering from dysphagia, and at least 20% having bone marrow suppression. Late toxicity has been under- and sometimes mis-reported and may even be responsible for an increase in non-cancer-related deaths in long-term survivors. Moreover, efficacy outcomes are still not satisfactory with 5-year overall survival rates ranging between 40% and 50%, excluding the growing minority of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer cases with a markedly better prognosis. Consequently, alternative regimens have gained attention with the aim to reduce toxicity, improve adherence, and maintain adequate anti-tumour activity. Low-dose (usually 40 mg/m2) cisplatin given in weekly intervals emerged as the preferred alternative to the standard, high-dose regimen. But do we have enough evidence to support this approach and which patients might become suitable candidates? While the use of high-dose cisplatin is supported by the results of four large trials randomizing altogether 1539 patients between conventionally fractionated chemoradiation and radiotherapy alone, there are only three small, similarly designed but possibly biased studies favouring a weekly regimen. In addition, two other trials randomly assigning patients to receive either high-dose or low-dose cisplatin, provided evidence against routine administration of the latter schedule. Therefore, although weekly cisplatin may enhance short-term tolerance in terms of gastro-intestinal, hepatic, hearing, renal, and haematological side effects, it cannot be excluded that this improvement comes at the price of compromised survival with no benefit in late adverse events. We acknowledge that certain clinical scenarios, particularly in the presence of relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin, may favour a less toxic cisplatin dose and/or administration schedule, among which the low-dose weekly regimen. In this respect, the ever-growing population of elderly patients is in particular benefitting from a careful decision, taking into account the pros and cons of such regimens.
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Vermorken, Jan B. "Where and when to Use Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 155–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_11.
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AbstractThe treatment of locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-HNSCC) is reviewed, highlighting the milestones in systemic therapy in that setting, with focus on the role of induction chemotherapy (ICT). The road to what is now considered the standard ICT regimen, i.e. the TPF (docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU) regimen is described, and the differences between the European and the American TPF are discussed. The article describes the respective roles of ICT for larynx preservation, for treatment intensification, its role in patients with borderline resectable or unresectable oral cavity cancer, its role as a selection tool for radiotherapy dose de-escalation in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) and its potential future role in strategies aiming at synchronous oligometastatic disease.ICT has an established role for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and the TPF regimen has been validated in that setting. This approach is presently being compared in a randomized controlled trial to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), which in many parts of the world is considered the standard organ preservation procedure. There remains uncertainty about the benefit of the sequential approach of ICT followed by CCRT, despite the fact that ICT significantly reduces the occurrence of distant metastases. It is advised that future studies should include patients who have the highest risk to develop distant metastases, in particular patients with low neck nodes and matted nodes. Moreover, further studies in patients with HPV-associated OPSCC at risk for distant failure (T4 or N3 disease) should be considered for that also. These approaches still need to be confirmed in adequately sized randomized controlled trials. Outside clinical trials, the utility of ICT is restricted to uniquely pragmatic clinical scenarios, such as unavoidable delay in radiation or in the situation that RT is not tolerated or feasible. This can happen when there is severe pain from advanced disease or there is impending airway compromise or neurologic dysfunction that necessitates rapid initiation of treatment. In all those circumstances whether within the context of trials or outside trials, it is imperative that the present backbone of ICT, the TPF regimen, is being administered by experienced oncologists, familiar with the necessary protocols and supportive care requirements to ensure patient safety and maximize adherence throughout the treatment.Future areas of research are the role of ICT in strategies whereby ICT is combined with upfront metastases-directed treatments and the usefulness of targeted agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the induction setting. Studies in that direction have already started. Finally, the application of radiographic, proteomic and genomic biomarkers will get attention to further define prognostic groups and guide treatment selection with greater precision.
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Nutting, Christopher, and Dorothy Gujral. "Head and neck cancer." In External Beam Therapy, 405–37. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786757.003.0018.
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Chapter 18 covers head and neck cancer emphasising the importance of a multidisciplinary team, comprising specialist surgeons, oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and palliative care doctors, together with dieticians, speech and language therapists, and clinical nurse specialists. Radiotherapy for tumours of oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and nasal sinuses are discussed. .
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Vas, Lakshmi. "Interventions for head and neck cancer pain." In Practical Management of Complex Cancer Pain, edited by Manohar Sharma, Karen H. Simpson, Michael I. Bennett, and Sanjeeva Gupta, 261–74. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198865667.003.0020.
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Head and neck cancers (HNC) are the sixth most common cancer and include oral, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity and sinus malignancies. Pain may be caused by the cancer invading nerve, muscle and bone, tumour pressure or mucositis. This chapter discusses the role of interventional procedures that target TGN, GPN, stellate ganglion, sphenopalatine ganglion and myofascial pain sources.
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Jatti Patil, Deepa, and Rakesh Nagaraju. "Personalised Precision Medicine- a Novel Approach for Oral Cancer Management." In Oral Cancer - Current Concepts and Future Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99558.
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Oral Cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the head and neck region. Despite technological advancements and improvements in Oral cancer diagnosis and treatment modalities, the 5-year survival rate remains low and is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate especially when detected at a later stage. The empirical therapy followed for the treatment of oral cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The treatments are not equally efficacious for all patients, are associated with side effects and poor prognosis. The need of the hour is early diagnosis and tailored treatment therapies for individual patients. With the advent of immunotherapy, the cancer treatment has moved toward personalised precision medicine which tailors’ treatments to each individual. Personalised precision medicine incorporates, molecular profiling of tumours with OMICS technology, biomarkers and companion diagnostics to build databases of patients and devise tailor made treatment approaches for individual patients. This article discusses the role of precision medicine in OSCC prevention, detection, and management by reviewing our understanding of OC from both genetic and OMICS perspectives.
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S. Haidar, Ziyad. "Salivary Gland Radio-Protection, Regeneration and Repair: Innovative Strategies." In BioMechanics and Functional Tissue Engineering [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94898.
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Saliva has a critical role in the maintenance of oral, dental and general health and well-being. Alteration(s) in the amount/quantity and/or quality of secreted saliva may induce the development of several oro-dental variations, thereby negatively-impacting overall quality of life. Diverse factors may affect the process of saliva production and quantity/quality of secretion, including medications, systemic or local pathologies and/or reversible/irreversible damage. Indeed, chemo- and/or radio-therapy, particularly, in cases of head and neck cancer, for example, are well-documented to induce serious damage and dysfunction to the radio-sensitive salivary gland tissue, resulting in hypo-salivation, xerostomia (dry mouth) as well as numerous other adverse intra−/extra-oral, medical and quality-of-life issues. Although a single governing mechanism of radiation-induced salivary gland tissue damage and dysfunction has not been yet elucidated, the potential for a synergy in radio-protection (mainly, and possible -reparation) via a combinatorial approach of mechanistically distinct strategies, has been suggested and explored over the years. This is, undoubtfully, in parallel to the ongoing efforts in improving the precision, safety and efficacy of radiotherapy protocols/outcomes, as well as in developing new technological and pharmaceutical alternatives, topics covered in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Oral mucositis; radiotherapy; head and neck cancer"
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Gu, Fangyi, William D. Duncan, YingDong Feng, Austin Miller, Nicolas Schlecht, Alan Hutson, and Anurag K. Singh. "Abstract 4860: Association between timing of radiotherapy and severity of oral mucositis in head-neck cancer patients." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-4860.
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Gu, Fangyi, William D. Duncan, YingDong Feng, Austin Miller, Nicolas Schlecht, Alan Hutson, and Anurag K. Singh. "Abstract 4860: Association between timing of radiotherapy and severity of oral mucositis in head-neck cancer patients." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4860.
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Lin, Hongying, Min Ma, and Shengcun Zhang. "The Clinical Analysis on Acute Oral Cavity Mucositis Caused by the Radiotherapy for the Head and Neck Cancer." In 2015 International Forum on Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bme-15.2015.5.
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Ali, Maimoona, Constantina Pitsillides, Gillian Brown, James Palmer, Lynne Dixon, and Catriona R. Mayland. "P-121 Managing mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: a service evaluation." In Accepted Oral and Poster Abstract Submissions, The Palliative Care Congress, Recovering, Rebounding, Reinventing, 24–25 March 2022, The Telford International Centre, Telford, Shropshire. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2022-scpsc.142.
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Hahn Kakas Galassi, Victória, MARY ANN FOGLIO, Michelle P. Jorge, Ilza M. O. Souza, Nubia Cassia Queiroz, and CARMEN S. P. LIMA. "Evaluation of life quality in pacients with head and neck squamous cells carcinome before and after the appereance of Oral Mucositis (OM) caused by chemiotherapy treatment with Cisplatin associated with Radiotherapy: Relation of the Presence and Level of OM in second phase clinical study comparing the treatment of OM between a phytotherapic and application of low intensity laser." In XXV Congresso de Iniciação Cientifica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2017-78218.
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