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Journal articles on the topic 'Oral ecology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Miller, Julie Ann. "Oral Ecology." Science News 129, no. 25 (June 21, 1986): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3970604.

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2

Joxerra Garzia. "Basque Oral Ecology." Oral Tradition 22, no. 2 (2008): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ort.0.0003.

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3

van Winkelhoff, A. J., T. J. M. van Steenbergen, and J. de Graaff. "Ecology of the oral cavity." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 51, no. 5-6 (September 1985): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00404585.

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4

Skovgaard, Niels. "Oral Bacterial Ecology. The Molecular Basis." International Journal of Food Microbiology 61, no. 2-3 (November 2000): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00392-5.

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5

Scannapieco, Frank A. "Saliva-Bacterium Interactions in Oral Microbial Ecology." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 5, no. 3 (September 1994): 203–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411940050030201.

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Saliva is thought to have a significant impact on the colonization of microorganisms in the oral cavity. Salivary components may participate in this process by one of four general mechanisms: binding to microorganisms to facilitate their clearance from the oral cavity, serving as receptors in oral pellicles for microbial adhesion to host surfaces, inhibiting microbial growth or mediating microbial killing, and serving as microbial nutritional substrates. This article reviews information pertinent to the molecular interaction of salivary components with bacteria (primarily the oral streptococci and Actinomyces) and explores the implications of these interactions for oral bacterial colonization and dental plaque formation. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling bacterial colonization of the oral cavity may suggest methods to prevent not only dental plaque formation but also serious medical infections that may follow microbial colonization of the oral cavity.
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6

Filoche, S., L. Wong, and C. H. Sissons. "Oral Biofilms: Emerging Concepts in Microbial Ecology." Journal of Dental Research 89, no. 1 (November 16, 2009): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034509351812.

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Oral biofilms develop under a range of different conditions and different environments. This review will discuss emerging concepts in microbial ecology and how they relate to oral biofilm development and the treatment of oral diseases. Clues to how oral biofilms develop may lie in other complex systems, such as interactions between host and gut microbiota, and even in factors that affect biofilm development on leaf surfaces. Most of the conditions under which oral biofilms develop are tightly linked to the overall health and biology of the host. Advances in molecular techniques have led to a greater appreciation of the diversity of human microbiota, the extent of interactions with the human host, and how that relates to inter-individual variation. As a consequence, plaque development may no longer be thought of as a generic process, but rather as a highly individualized process, which has ramifications for the treatment of the diseases it causes.
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7

Дружинець, М. Л. "UKRAINIAN ORAL SPEECH ECOLOGY: PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 27 (June 26, 2020): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2020.27.206463.

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8

Baker, Jonathon L., Batbileg Bor, Melissa Agnello, Wenyuan Shi, and Xuesong He. "Ecology of the Oral Microbiome: Beyond Bacteria." Trends in Microbiology 25, no. 5 (May 2017): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.12.012.

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9

Eriksen, Harald M., and Vladimir Dimitrov. "Ecology of oral health: a complexity perspective." European Journal of Oral Sciences 111, no. 4 (July 23, 2003): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0722.2003.00053.x.

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10

Marcotte, Harold, and Marc C. Lavoie. "Oral Microbial Ecology and the Role of Salivary Immunoglobulin A." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 71–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.1.71-109.1998.

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SUMMARY In the oral cavity, indigenous bacteria are often associated with two major oral diseases, caries and periodontal diseases. These diseases seem to appear following an inbalance in the oral resident microbiota, leading to the emergence of potentially pathogenic bacteria. To define the process involved in caries and periodontal diseases, it is necessary to understand the ecology of the oral cavity and to identify the factors responsible for the transition of the oral microbiota from a commensal to a pathogenic relationship with the host. The regulatory forces influencing the oral ecosystem can be divided into three major categories: host related, microbe related, and external factors. Among host factors, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) constitutes the main specific immune defense mechanism in saliva and may play an important role in the homeostasis of the oral microbiota. Naturally occurring SIgA antibodies that are reactive against a variety of indigenous bacteria are detectable in saliva. These antibodies may control the oral microbiota by reducing the adherence of bacteria to the oral mucosa and teeth. It is thought that protection against bacterial etiologic agents of caries and periodontal diseases could be conferred by the induction of SIgA antibodies via the stimulation of the mucosal immune system. However, elucidation of the role of the SIgA immune system in controlling the oral indigenous microbiota is a prerequisite for the development of effective vaccines against these diseases. The role of SIgA antibodies in the acquisition and the regulation of the indigenous microbiota is still controversial. Our review discusses the importance of SIgA among the multiple factors that control the oral microbiota. It describes the oral ecosystems, the principal factors that may control the oral microbiota, a basic knowledge of the secretory immune system, the biological functions of SIgA, and, finally, experiments related to the role of SIgA in oral microbial ecology.
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11

Gustafson, G. T. "Ecology of Wound Healing in the Oral Cavity." Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 33, S40 (April 24, 2009): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1984.tb02592.x.

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12

He, X., R. Lux, H. K. Kuramitsu, M. H. Anderson, and W. Shi. "Achieving Probiotic Effects via Modulating Oral Microbial Ecology." Advances in Dental Research 21, no. 1 (July 31, 2009): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895937409335626.

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13

Grigulevitch, N. I. "Social Ecology and Oral History Project “Active Education”." Global Bioethics 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2005.10800873.

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14

Rudney, J. D. "Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?" Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 6, no. 4 (October 1995): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411950060040501.

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Salivary protein interactions with oral microbes in vitro include aggregation, adherence, cell-killing, inhibition of metabolism, and nutrition. Such interactions might be expected to influence oral ecology. However, inconsistent results have been obtained from in vivo tests of the hypothesis that quantitative variation in salivary protein concentrations will affect oral disease prevalence. Results may have been influenced by choices made during study design, including saliva source, stimulation status, control for flow rate, and assay methods. Salivary protein concentrations also may be subject to circadian variation. Values for saliva collected at the same time of day tend to remain consistent within subjects, but events such as stress, inflammation, infection, menstruation, or pregnancy may induce short-term changes. Long-term factors such as aging, systemic disease, or medication likewise may influence salivary protein concentrations. Such sources of variation may increase the sample size needed to find statistically significant differences. Clinical studies also must consider factors such as human population variation, strain and species differences in protein-microbe interactions, protein polymorphism, and synergistic or antagonistic interaction between proteins. Salivary proteins may form heterotypic complexes with unique effects, and different proteins may exert redundant effects. Patterns of protein-microbe interaction also may differ between oral sites. Future clinical studies must take those factors into account. Promising approaches might involve meta-analysis or multi-center studies, retrospective and prospective longitudinal designs, short-term measurement of salivary protein effects, and consideration of individual variation in multiple protein effects such as aggregation, adherence, and cell-killing.
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15

Hughes, C. V., P. E. Kolenbrander, R. N. Andersen, and L. V. Moore. "Coaggregation properties of human oral Veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, no. 8 (1988): 1957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.54.8.1957-1963.1988.

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16

Shen, Guorong. "Teaching Oral English from the Perspective of Educational Ecology." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 6, no. 4 (July 2, 2015): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0604.13.

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17

McDaniel, Steven, Jaydene McDaniel, Amy Tam, Karl Kingsley, and Katherine Howard. "Oral Microbial Ecology of Selenomonas noxia and Scardovia wiggsiae." Microbiology Research Journal International 21, no. 3 (January 10, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2017/36110.

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18

Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio, Melissa Ly, Tobias Boehm, Mayuri Naidu, Julia Salzman, and David T. Pride. "Association between living environment and human oral viral ecology." ISME Journal 7, no. 9 (April 18, 2013): 1710–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.63.

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19

Smith, Val H., and David J. Pippin. "Implications of resource-ratio theory for oral microbial ecology." European Journal of Oral Sciences 106, no. 2p1 (April 1998): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0909-8836..t01-4-.x.

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20

Kõll-Klais, Piret, Reet Mändar, Edvitar Leibur, and Marika Mikelsaar. "Oral microbial ecology in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health." Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 17, no. 3 (January 2005): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08910600500442891.

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21

SMITH, A. J., M. S. JACKSON, and J. BAGG. "The ecology of Staphylococcus species in the oral cavity." Journal of Medical Microbiology 50, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-50-11-940.

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22

Fellows Yates, James A., Irina M. Velsko, Franziska Aron, Cosimo Posth, Courtney A. Hofman, Rita M. Austin, Cody E. Parker, et al. "The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 20 (May 10, 2021): e2021655118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021655118.

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The oral microbiome plays key roles in human biology, health, and disease, but little is known about the global diversity, variation, or evolution of this microbial community. To better understand the evolution and changing ecology of the human oral microbiome, we analyzed 124 dental biofilm metagenomes from humans, including Neanderthals and Late Pleistocene to present-day modern humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas, as well as New World howler monkeys for comparison. We find that a core microbiome of primarily biofilm structural taxa has been maintained throughout African hominid evolution, and these microbial groups are also shared with howler monkeys, suggesting that they have been important oral members since before the catarrhine–platyrrhine split ca. 40 Mya. However, community structure and individual microbial phylogenies do not closely reflect host relationships, and the dental biofilms of Homo and chimpanzees are distinguished by major taxonomic and functional differences. Reconstructing oral metagenomes from up to 100 thousand years ago, we show that the microbial profiles of both Neanderthals and modern humans are highly similar, sharing functional adaptations in nutrient metabolism. These include an apparent Homo-specific acquisition of salivary amylase-binding capability by oral streptococci, suggesting microbial coadaptation with host diet. We additionally find evidence of shared genetic diversity in the oral bacteria of Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic modern humans that is not observed in later modern human populations. Differences in the oral microbiomes of African hominids provide insights into human evolution, the ancestral state of the human microbiome, and a temporal framework for understanding microbial health and disease.
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23

Frandsen, E. V. G., V. Pedrazzoli, and M. Kilian. "Ecology of viridans streptococci in the oral cavity and pharynx." Oral Microbiology and Immunology 6, no. 3 (June 1991): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302x.1991.tb00466.x.

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24

Liljemark, W. F., and C. Bloomquist. "Human Oral Microbial Ecology and Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 7, no. 2 (April 1996): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411960070020601.

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In the human oral cavity, which is an open growth system, bacteria must first adhere to a surface in order to be able to colonize. Ability to colonize a non-shedding tooth surface is necessary prior to any odontopathic or periodontopathic process. Complex microbe-host relationships occur and must be studied before the commensal-to-pathogenic nature of the human indigenous oral flora can be understood. Medical pathogens, if present in the appropriate host, always produce specific disease. Caries and periodontal diseases are conditional diseases, requiring numbers of certain indigenous species at various sites, particularly the tooth surface. In the case of caries, the condition is related to sugar consumption. Periodontal disease/s may require certain host and environmental conditions, such as local environment or nutritional factors in gingival crevicular fluids. Nonetheless, critical numbers of certain indigenous species must be present in order for these diseases to occur. The aim of this review is to understand the acquisition of the indigenous oral flora and the development of human dental plaque. The role of the salivary pellicle and adherence of indigenous bacteria to it are critical first steps in plaque development. Bacterial interactions with saliva, nutritional factors, growth factors, and microbial physiologic processes are all involved in the overall process of microbial colonization.
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25

Badet, C., and N. B. Thebaud. "Ecology of Lactobacilli in the Oral Cavity: A Review of Literature." Open Microbiology Journal 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2008): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285800802010038.

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26

Kolenbrander, P. E. "Intergeneric Coaggregation Among Human Oral Bacteria and Ecology of Dental Plaque." Annual Review of Microbiology 42, no. 1 (October 1988): 627–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.42.100188.003211.

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27

Bradshaw, D. J., P. D. Marsh, K. M. Schilling, and D. Cummins. "A modified chemostat system to study the ecology of oral biofilms." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 80, no. 2 (February 1996): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03199.x.

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28

Gomez, Andres, and Karen E. Nelson. "The Oral Microbiome of Children: Development, Disease, and Implications Beyond Oral Health." Microbial Ecology 73, no. 2 (September 14, 2016): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0854-1.

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29

Shu, Man, Christopher M. Browngardt, Yi-Ywan M. Chen, and Robert A. Burne. "Role of Urease Enzymes in Stability of a 10-Species Oral Biofilm Consortium Cultivated in a Constant-Depth Film Fermenter." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 12 (December 2003): 7188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.12.7188-7192.2003.

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ABSTRACT Using a 10-species oral biofilm consortium and defined mutants, we show that high-level capacity to generate ammonia from a common salivary substrate is needed to maintain community diversity. This model appears to be suitable for the study of the effects of individual genetic determinants on the ecology of oral biofilms.
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30

Roberts, M. C. "Antibiotic Resistance in Oral/Respiratory Bacteria." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 1998): 522–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411980090040801.

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In the last 20 years, changes in world technology have occurred which have allowed for the rapid transport of people, food, and goods. Unfortunately, antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been transported as well. Over the past 20 years, the rise in antibiotic-resistant gene carriage in virtually every species of bacteria, not just oral/respiratory bacteria, has been documented. In this review, the main mechanisms of resistance to the important antibiotics used for treatment of disease caused by oral/respiratory bacteria-including β-lactams, tetracycline, and metronidazole-are discussed in detail. Mechanisms of resistance for macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol are also discussed, along with the possible role that mercury resistance may play in the bacterial ecology.
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31

Janus, Marleen M., Wim Crielaard, Egija Zaura, Bart J. Keijser, Bernd W. Brandt, and Bastiaan P. Krom. "A novel compound to maintain a healthy oral plaque ecology in vitro." Journal of Oral Microbiology 8, no. 1 (January 2016): 32513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v8.32513.

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32

Ashford, John R., and Michelle Skelley. "Oral Care and the Elderly." Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) 17, no. 1 (March 2008): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd17.1.19.

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Abstract The purpose of this report is to review the normal environment of the oropharyngeal cavity, examine its potential role in the development of pneumonia, and examine the beneficial effects of oral care in the prevention of pneumonia among the sick and elderly. The oropharynx is a very diverse environment of structures, functions, and ecology. Normal bacterial florae existing in this environment are limited in their efforts to colonize in the moist oral tissues by immune properties present in saliva and mucous. Lack of oral maintenance or the occurrence of a severe illness may provide an opportunity for these pathogens to colonize and multiply. Aspiration of certain oral pathogens into the lower respiratory tract has been associated with the development of pneumonia leading to illness complications and death in some elderly or sick persons. Oral care using brushes and oral rinses have been shown to significantly reduce pneumonia development and fever in the sick and elderly populations. An important new role of speech-language pathologists is to assert themselves as practitioners and advocates of better oral health with these populations.
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33

Ruby, John, and Jean Barbeau. "The Buccale Puzzle: The Symbiotic Nature of Endogenous Infections of the Oral Cavity." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 13, no. 1 (2002): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/492656.

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The indigenous, 'normal' microflora cause the majority of localized infectious diseases of the oral cavity (eg, dental caries, alveolar abscesses, periodontal diseases and candidiasis). The same microflora also protect the host from exogenous pathogens by stimulating a vigorous immune response and providing colonization resistance. How can a microflora that support health also cause endogenous oral disease? This paradoxical host-symbiont relationship will be discussed within the dynamic of symbiosis.Symbiosis means 'life together' - it is capable of continuous change as determined by selective pressures of the oral milieu. Mutualistic symbiosis, where both the host and the indigenous microflora benefit from the association, may shift to a parasitic symbiosis, where the host is damaged and the indigenous microflora benefit. Importantly, these are reversible relationships. This microbial dynamism, called amphibiosis, is the essential adaptive process that determines the causation of endogenous oral disease by a parasitic microflora or the maintenance of oral health by a mutualistic microflora.Complex microbial consortiums, existing as a biofilm, usually provide the interfaces that initiate and perpetuate the infectious assault on host tissue. The ecology of the various oral microhabitats is critical for the development of the appropriate selecting milieux for pathogens. The microbiota associated with dental caries progression are primarily influenced by the prevailing pH, whereas periodontal diseases and pulpal infection appear to be more dependent on redox potential. Candidiasis results from host factors that favour yeast overgrowth or bacterial suppression caused by antibiotics. Oral health or disease is an adventitious event that results from microbial adaptation to prevailing conditions; prevention of endogenous oral disease can occur only when we realize that ecology is the heart of these host-symbiont relationships.
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34

Mehrotra, Apoorva, Mohammad Iqbal, Waleed Khalil Al Dahlawi, and WalaSaad Al Raddadi. "A REVIEW ON MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF MUTANS STREPTOCOCCI IN HUMAN MOUTH." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12203.

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The streptococci constitute a large and complex group of bacteria that have widely varying characteristics and that under certain conditions are capable of independent pathogenicity. In human mouth, the viridians streptococci are one of the main groups of bacteria and they are the most commonly occurring microorganisms in oral infections including dental caries.
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35

Mehrotra, Apoorva, Mohammad Iqbal, Waleed Khalil Al Dahlawi, and WalaSaad Al Raddadi. "A REVIEW ON MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF MUTANS STREPTOCOCCI IN HUMAN MOUTH." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12203.

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The streptococci constitute a large and complex group of bacteria that have widely varying characteristics and that under certain conditions are capable of independent pathogenicity. In human mouth, the viridians streptococci are one of the main groups of bacteria and they are the most commonly occurring microorganisms in oral infections including dental caries.
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36

Guo, Lihong, Jeffrey S. McLean, Youngik Yang, Randal Eckert, Christopher W. Kaplan, Pierre Kyme, Omid Sheikh, et al. "Precision-guided antimicrobial peptide as a targeted modulator of human microbial ecology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 24 (June 1, 2015): 7569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506207112.

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One major challenge to studying human microbiome and its associated diseases is the lack of effective tools to achieve targeted modulation of individual species and study its ecological function within multispecies communities. Here, we show that C16G2, a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide, was able to selectively kill cariogenic pathogenStreptococcus mutanswith high efficacy within a human saliva-derived in vitro oral multispecies community. Importantly, a significant shift in the overall microbial structure of the C16G2-treated community was revealed after a 24-h recovery period: several bacterial species with metabolic dependency or physical interactions withS. mutanssuffered drastic reduction in their abundance, whereasS. mutans’ natural competitors, including health-associated Streptococci, became dominant. This study demonstrates the use of targeted antimicrobials to modulate the microbiome structure allowing insights into the key community role of specific bacterial species and also indicates the therapeutic potential of C16G2 to achieve a healthy oral microbiome.
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37

Blackall, Linda L. "Environmental microbiomes." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18002.

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The March 2015 issue of Microbiology Australia was devoted to ‘Mammalian microbiomes’ and this March 2018 issue on ‘Environmental microbiomes’ complements that previous one. Additionally, authors of articles in the current issue were largely chosen from oral presenters at the inaugural ASM-sponsored Australian Microbial Ecology (AUSME2017) conference held a year ago in Melbourne. That 3-day conference in February 2017 celebrated the field of Microbial Ecology.
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38

Smithwick, Erica A. H. "Organized Oral Session 34. Disturbance Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Resilience: Three Decades of Inquiry." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 91, no. 1 (January 2010): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-91.1.80.

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39

Krupey, Kristina, K. Speranska, Oleksandr Rylsky, and D. Zaikovska. "Ecology of microorganisms of the oral cavity under the action of hygienic toothpastes." Problems of bioindications and ecology 24, no. 2 (2019): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2312-2056/2019-24/2-14.

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40

Allaker, R. P. "Investigations into the micro-ecology of oral malodour in man and companion animals." Journal of Breath Research 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2009): 017103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1752-7155/4/1/017103.

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41

Asikainen, Sirkka, and Casey Chen. "Oral ecology and person-to-person transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis." Periodontology 2000 20, no. 1 (June 1999): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00158.x.

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42

Hamada, S., A. Amano, S. Kimura, I. Nakagawa, S. Kawabata, and I. Morisaki. "The importance of fimbriae in the virulence and ecology of some oral bacteria." Oral Microbiology and Immunology 13, no. 3 (June 1998): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302x.1998.tb00724.x.

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43

Singleton, Scott, John G. Cahill, G. KeithWatson, Clive Allison, Diane Cummins, Thomas Thurnheer, Bernhard Guggenheim, and Rudolf Gmür. "A FULLY AUTOMATED MICROSCOPE BACTERIAL ENUMERATION SYSTEM FOR STUDIES OF ORAL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY." Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry 22, no. 3 (July 31, 2001): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ias-100104710.

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44

Hoesing, Peter J. "Nabuzaana Omunozzi w’Eddagala: Hearing Kiganda Ecology in the Music of Kusamira Ritual Healing Repertories." History in Africa 45 (June 2018): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.16.

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Abstract:This article argues that ritual performances of song by a guild of healers called basamize situate humans and other-than-human familiars in an ecology that has a strong impact on ethnic identification in southern Uganda. An idiomatic song, ubiquitous throughout the region in focus, helps define the contours of this ecology. Primary and secondary sources link the song to oral traditions that suggest a move beyond descent as an organizing principle in Africanist discourses on ethnicity and ethnic formation.
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45

Warinner, Christina, Camilla Speller, and Matthew J. Collins. "A new era in palaeomicrobiology: prospects for ancient dental calculus as a long-term record of the human oral microbiome." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1660 (January 19, 2015): 20130376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0376.

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The field of palaeomicrobiology is dramatically expanding thanks to recent advances in high-throughput biomolecular sequencing, which allows unprecedented access to the evolutionary history and ecology of human-associated and environmental microbes. Recently, human dental calculus has been shown to be an abundant, nearly ubiquitous, and long-term reservoir of the ancient oral microbiome, preserving not only microbial and host biomolecules but also dietary and environmental debris. Modern investigations of native human microbiota have demonstrated that the human microbiome plays a central role in health and chronic disease, raising questions about changes in microbial ecology, diversity and function through time. This paper explores the current state of ancient oral microbiome research and discusses successful applications, methodological challenges and future possibilities in elucidating the intimate evolutionary relationship between humans and their microbes.
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46

Meyer, Frederic, and Joachim Enax. "Hydroxyapatite in Oral Biofilm Management." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 02 (May 2019): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695657.

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AbstractParticulate hydroxyapatite, Ca5 (PO4)3 (OH), shows a good biocompatibility and is used as a biomimetic ingredient in dental care formulations due to its similarity to human enamel. Numerous studies show its efficiency, for example, in reducing dentin hypersensitivity, and in the remineralization of enamel and dentin. In addition, oral care products with hydroxyapatite improve periodontal health under in vivo conditions. This review article summarizes data on the effects of hydroxyapatite particles in oral biofilm management. Two databases (PubMed and SciFinder) were searched for studies using specific search terms. In contrast to frequently used antibacterial agents for biofilm control, such as chlorhexidine, stannous salts, and quaternary ammonium salts, hydroxyapatite particles in oral care products lead to a reduction in bacterial attachment to enamel surfaces in situ without having pronounced antibacterial effects or showing unwanted side effects such as tooth discoloration. Furthermore, antibacterial agents might lead to dysbiosis of the oral ecology, which was recently discussed regarding pros and cons. Remarkably, the antiadherent properties of hydroxyapatite particles are comparable to those of the gold standard in the field of oral care biofilm management, chlorhexidine in situ. Although biomimetic strategies have been less well analyzed compared with commonly used antibacterial agents in oral biofilm control, hydroxyapatite particles are a promising biomimetic alternative or supplement for oral biofilm management.
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47

Kimball, Bruce A., L. A. Windberg, C. A. Furcolow, M. Roetto, and J. J. Johnston. "TWO NEW ORAL CHEMICAL BIOMARKERS FOR COYOTES." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32, no. 3 (July 1996): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.3.505.

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48

Cvetkovic, Andrijana, and Mirjana Ivanovic. "The role of Streptococcus mutans group and salivary immunoglobulins in etiology of early childhood caries." Serbian Dental Journal 53, no. 2 (2006): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0602113c.

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Dental caries is a bacterial infective disease modified by carbohydrates from food. Early childhood caries is a special type of primary teeth caries in infants and toddlers. Appearance of early childhood caries (ECC) is related to mistakes in nutrition of infants, but the mechanism of beginning and progression of this disease is very complex. To understand etiology of caries, it is necessary to understand ecology of oral environment and to determine which factors are responsible for conversion of non-pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity into pathogenic. Among host factors, salivary immunoglobulin (sIgA) constitutes the main specific immune defense mechanism in saliva and may play an important role in the oral homeostasis. Basic role of salivary immunoglobulins is in control of bacterial oral flora and constitution of balance relationship between oral bacteria and organism as whole.
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Esberg, Anders, Simon Haworth, Pamela Hasslöf, Pernilla Lif Holgerson, and Ingegerd Johansson. "Oral Microbiota Profile Associates with Sugar Intake and Taste Preference Genes." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030681.

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Oral microbiota ecology is influenced by environmental and host conditions, but few studies have evaluated associations between untargeted measures of the entire oral microbiome and potentially relevant environmental and host factors. This study aimed to identify salivary microbiota cluster groups using hierarchical cluster analyses (Wards method) based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and identify lifestyle and host factors which were associated with these groups. Group members (n = 175) were distinctly separated by microbiota profiles and differed in reported sucrose intake and allelic variation in the taste-preference-associated genes TAS1R1 (rs731024) and GNAT3 (rs2074673). Groups with higher sucrose intake were either characterized by a wide panel of species or phylotypes with fewer aciduric species, or by a narrower profile that included documented aciduric- and caries-associated species. The inferred functional profiles of the latter type were dominated by metabolic pathways associated with the carbohydrate metabolism with enrichment of glycosidase functions. In conclusion, this study supported in vivo associations between sugar intake and oral microbiota ecology, but it also found evidence for a variable microbiota response to sugar, highlighting the importance of modifying host factors and microbes beyond the commonly targeted acidogenic and acid-tolerant species. The results should be confirmed under controlled settings with comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic data.
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50

Hillman, J. D. "Principles of Microbial Ecology and Their Application to Xerostomia-Associated Opportunistic Infections of the Oral Cavity." Advances in Dental Research 10, no. 1 (April 1996): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374960100011301.

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The human oral flora is normally composed of hundreds of different types of bacteria. This high degree of complexity is largely responsible for the observation that a state of health is the predominant condition of the oral cavity: Myriad bacterial interactions between innocuous and potentially pathogenic species prevent the latter from attaining sufficient numbers to initiate clinically observable diseases. However, protracted or profound perturbations of the oral environment may lead to ecological upsets fundamentally characterized by extreme simplification of the resident flora. Radiation- or autoimmune-induced xerostomia is a striking example of such a perturbation. During the period of floral simplification, as the bacterial interactions diminish, impediments to the outgrowth of pathogens are lost, ultimately leading to the onset of disease. In the absence of methods to reverse the conditions responsible for the ecological upset, as is currently the case in many forms of xerostomia, the possibility of restoring a complex, balanced flora is not imminently practical. However, as our understanding of microbial ecology and pathogenesis develops, application of a replacement therapy approach may become plausible to prevent or retard particular diseases prevalent in xerostomia patients.
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