Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oral consumption'

Objetivo. Investigar o papel da dieta no câncer oral. Métodos. Este estudo utilizou dados do Município de São Paulo obtidos em um estudo multicêntrico tipo caso-controle de base hospitalar. Participaram 845 indivíduos (366 casos incidentes de câncer oral e 469 controles). Os dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos por um questionário de freqüência alimentar (QFA). Verificou-se o risco associado ao consumo de alimentos e de grupos de alimentos definidos a priori e a posteriori, por análise fatorial, estes últimos denominados \"fatores\". O primeiro fator, rotulado como \"prudente\", caracterizou-se pelo consumo de vegetais, frutas, queijo e carne de aves. O segundo, \"tradicional\", pelo consumo de arroz e massas, feijão e carne; o terceiro fator, pelo consumo de pão, manteiga, embutidos, queijos, doces e sobremesas. O último fator, \"monótono\", associou-se negativamente ao consumo de frutas, vegetais e alimentos lácteos. Após categorização dos fatores dietéticos em tercis, foram estimados os valores da Razão de Chances e Intervalos de Confiança de 95 por cento por regressão logística múltipla não condicional. Resultados. Verificaram-se associações inversas para o consumo mais elevado de feijão e vegetais crus e para o tercil intermediário de arroz e massas; e diretas para o consumo de ovos, batata e leite. O padrão tradicional associou-se inversamente ao câncer oral, e o monótono positivamente. Nossos dados sugerem que a dieta tradicional do brasileiro, composta por arroz e feijão, além do consumo de frutas, vegetais e quantidades moderadas de carnes, pode conferir proteção para o câncer oral, independente de fatores de risco reconhecidos, como o fumo e o consumo alcoólico.
Objective: to identify dietary factors related with oral cancer in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: this study is part of a Latin American multicentre hospital based case-control. Participated 366 incident cases of oral cancer in Sao Paulo City, and 469 controls, frequency matched with cases by sex and age. The dietary data was collected by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The risk associated to the intake of food and food groups, defined a priori and a posteriori, through factor analysis (so-called factors) was analyzed. The first factor, labeled \"prudent\', was characterized for the intake of vegetables, fruits, cheese and poultry. The second, \"traditional\', for the intake of rice, pasta, pulses and meat, while the third, named \"snacks\" was characterized for the intake of bread, butter, salami, cheese, cakes and desserts. The last, \"monotonous\", was associated inversely with the intake of fruits, vegetables and most of the others food items. After categorization of the food items and the scores of the factors into tertiles, the Odds Ratio and 95 per cent Confidence lnterval were calculated by unconditional multiple logistic regression. Results: The intake of rice, beans and raw vegetables was associated with lower risk, whereas eggs, potatoes and milk were associated with increased risk. The traditional pattern was inversely related with the oral cancer, while the monotonous was positively associated. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the Brazilian traditional habit of eating meals composed by rice and beans, plus moderated quantities of meat, may conter protection against the oral cancer, independent of other risk factors, as alcohol and tobacco consumption.

Contexte. Chez l’homme, la mise en bouche d’un aliment est l’étape ultime de la chaîne alimentaire et le début du processus de dégradation et de digestion. Avec l’âge la santé orale évolue et peut parfois rendre l’acte alimentaire difficile.Objectif. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les facteurs (salivaire, dentaire, musculaire) impactant sur les dimensions physiologiques (faculté à former un bol alimentaire, libération et perception de la flaveur) de l’acte alimentaire et/ou la prise alimentaire et la corpulence des séniors. Ceci permettra de d’identifier des techniques culinaires permettant d’adapter la texture des aliments aux problèmes bucco-dentaires.Matériel et méthode. 108 séniors (>65 ans) vivant à domicile et ne présentant pas de pathologie chronique ont été recrutés et caractérisés sur la base des dimensions suivantes : santé orale (examen clinique), auto-évaluation de la santé orale, perceptions sensorielles, faculté à former un bol alimentaire, comportement alimentaire, état de santé général. En parallèle, des techniques culinaires permettant d’améliorer la texture de la viande ont été testées. Leur efficacité a été évaluée via des mesures rhéologiques et la perception du confort en bouche par les séniors eux-mêmes.Résultats et conclusion. L’analyse multidimensionnelle des données montre que les facteurs de santé orale (dentition, salivation, force musculaire) jouent des rôles différents dans les processus de mastication et de prise alimentaire chez les personnes âgées. De plus, l’étude du confort en bouche a permis de sélectionner des techniques culinaires optimisant la tendreté et la jutosité de la viande. Ces résultats permettront de développer une offre alimentaire adaptée aux troubles oraux survenant avec l’âge
Context. In human, oral food intake is the ultimate stage of food supply chain and the beginning of food disintegration and the digestion process. During aging, the oral health changes and sometimes eating food can be a real challenge as food can be hard to masticate, humidify or swallow.Objective. The aim of the present study is to determine which oral factors (salivary, dental, tongue strength) have an impact on physiological – ability to form a food bolus – and psychological – pleasure to eat – dimensions of food oral processing in order to select culinary techniques and help elderlies maintaining an appropriate protein intake in spite of the occurrence of poor oral health.Material and method. Resting and stimulated salivary flow, oral status, the ability to form a food bolus, the pleasure induced by food consumption and the nutritional status were measured on 108 elderly people (65-92 years old, living at home, with no acute pathology at the time of the study). In parallel, culinary technics that aimed at improving meat texture were developed and evaluated throughout physical measurements and oral comfort assessment by the elderly volunteers.Results and conclusion. Multivariate analysis highlighted the fact that oral factors (salivary, dental, muscular) play different roles in food oral processing and eating behavior in elderly people. Moreover, the assessment of oral comfort on the culinary technics showed that some technics improve significantly meat tenderness and juiciness. Those results will help the development of food offer tailored to elderly people with or without oral health impairments

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o consumo de colostro, concentração sérica de imunoglobulina G, temperatura retal, ganho de peso e mortalidade de leitões neonatos de peso abaixo da média submetidos ao fornecimento oral de suplementos nutricionais nas primeiras horas de vida. Leitões com peso ao nascimento entre 794 e 1315g foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente entre quatro tratamentos de acordo com o fornecimento de suplemento nutricional: Controle (n=305), Lianol (n=306), Biostart (n=306) e Lianol+Biostart (n=305). Lianol Colostro® é um suplemento proteico e o Biostart® é um suplemento vitamínico mineral. Os leitões foram acompanhados do nascimento até o desmame. Nas primeiras 24,3 ± 0,04h após o nascimento os leitões permaneceram na mãe biológica e, após, foram uniformizados em mães adotivas formando leitegadas de 12 leitões igualmente distribuídos entre os tratamentos (03 leitões de cada tratamento). Nas 24 h após o nascimento, foi efetuada a mensuração da temperatura retal, coletou-se sangue para mensurar a concentração sérica de Imunoglobulina G, e foi aferido o peso dos leitões para estimar o consumo de colostro. A mortalidade foi registrada diariamente e foi realizada a necropsia para definir a causa da morte. As pesagens foram realizadas ao nascimento, na uniformização e aos 07 e 20 dias após o nascimento. Não houve efeito do tratamento (P>0,05) sobre o peso e o ganho de peso em nenhum dos momentos avaliados. A suplementação não teve efeito na temperatura retal, consumo de colostro e concentração sérica de IgG (P>0,05). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos nas taxas de mortalidade, nos dias 3, 7 e 20 após o nascimento (P>0,05), porém quando foi estratificado em classes de peso, redução na taxa de mortalidade até 20 dias (P≤0,05) foi verificada nos grupos Lianol, Biostart e Lianol+Biostart em comparação ao grupo Controle, nos leitões de peso ao nascimento de 1000-1225g. As causas de mortalidade ficaram distribuídas em: esmagamento (4,8%), diarreia (1,8%), subnutrição (1,1%) e outras causas (1,0%). Nos grupos Lianol e Biostart houve menor taxa de mortalidade pré-desmame sobre as causas de mortes agrupadas por esmagamento e desnutrição, quando comparados ao grupo controle (P<0,05). Em conclusão, a suplementação com Lianol ou Biostart não teve efeito sobre a temperatura retal, o consumo de colostro, a concentração sérica de IgG e o ganho de peso, mas foi verificada menor taxa de mortalidade em leitões com peso ao nascimento entre 1000 e 1225g, além de reduzir a mortalidade causada por esmagamento e desnutrição.
The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters such as colostrum consumption, serum immunoglobulin G, rectal temperature, weight gain and mortality of low birth weight neonate piglets receiving oral supply of nutritional supplements in the first hours of life. At birth, piglets with weighing 794 to 1315 g were selected and randomly distributed among four treatments according to the nutritional supplement provided: Control (n = 305), Lianol (n = 306), Biostart (n = 306) and Lianol+Biostart (n = 305). Lianol Colostro® is a protein supplement and the Biostart® is a mineral vitamin supplement. The piglets were followed from birth to weaning. At the first 24.3 ± 0.04 h after birth piglets remained with biological mother and after that they were equalized in foster dams forming litters of 12 piglets equally distributed among treatments (3 piglets of each treatment). At 24 h after birth, rectal temperature was measured, blood was collected to measure serum immunoglobulin G and piglets were weighed to estimate colostrum consumption. Mortality was recorded daily and necropsy was performed to determine the cause of death. Weight was obtained at birth, at equalizing and at 7 and 20 days after birth. There was no treatment effect (P>0.05) on weight and weight gain in all evaluated moments. Supplementation had no effect on rectal temperature, colostrum consumption and serum IgG (P>0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) among treatments in mortality rate on days 3, 7 and 20 after birth (P>0.05) but when were stratified into weight classes, reduction in mortality rate up to 20 days (P≤0.05) was observed in Lianol, Biostart and Lianol+Biostart groups compared with the Control group, in piglets weighing 1000-1225g at birth. The causes of death were distributed: Crush (4.8%), diarrhea (1.8%), malnutrition (1.1%) and other causes (1.0%). In Lianol and Biostart groups had lower pre-weaning mortality due to crushing and undernutrition, compared with the Control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with Lianol or Biostart had no effect on rectal temperature, colostrum consumption, serum concentration IgG and weight gain, but mortality caused by crushing and undernutrition was reduced, and piglets weighing 1000-1225g had their mortality reduced.

Objective: To perform pharmacoepidemiological study of the use of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulins in Lithuania on 2006-2009 year and cost-minimization and reference price analysis enabling more rational use of financial resources of national health system. Material ans methods: The search for all literature relating to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic chareacteristics of drugs for diabetes mellitus was done in MEDLINE database. The data on total sales of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulins in Lithuania over a four-year period (2006-2009) were obtained from Softdent, Lithuania data base. Drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical system. Data were calculated by DDD methodology and expressed in DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID). Calculations of drug prices and total expenditures for antidiabetic drugs were made by using retail prices from the National Patient Funds Price List on 2006- 2009 years. Pharmacoeconomic calculations were done according to cost minimization and reference price methodologies. Results: The total consumption of hypoglycaemic drugs (incl. insulins) increased by 33.33% from 21.54 DDD/TID in 2006 to 28.72 DDD/TID in 2009. The utilization of insulin increased by 30% reaching the value of 9.43 DDDD/TID, similarly the utilization of oral antidiabetic drugs increased by 35% reaching the value of 19.29 DDD/TID in 2009. In comparison with antidiabetic drug consumption in other countries, this meaning was about... [to full text]
Tikslai: Įvertinti geriamųjų antidiabetinių vaistų ir insulinų suvartojimo tendencijas Lietuvoje 2006–2009 m. ir atlikti farmakoekonominę analizę kaštų mažinimo ir referentinės kainos metodu siekiant racionaliai panaudoti sveikatos apsaugos lėšas cukriniam diabetui gydyti. Medžiaga ir metodai: Duomenys apie antidiabetinių vaistų farmakokinetines ir farmakodinamines savybes buvo surinkti iš MEDLINE elektroninių duomenų šaltinių. Duomenys apie antidiabetinių vaistų pardavimą Lietuvoje 2006–2009 metais gauti iš UAB SoftDent duomenų bazės. Vaistai klasifikuoti pagal anatominę terapinę cheminę (ATC) klasifikaciją. Vaistų suvartojimas buvo vertinamas pagal apibrėžtos dienos dozės (DDD – angl. defined daily dose) metodiką, o duomenys apskaičiuoti pagal DDD skaičių, tenkantį 1000 gyventojų per vieną dieną.Vaistų kainų skaičiavimai atlikti remiantis mažmenine kaina iš „Kompensuojamų vaistinių preparatų kainynų“. Antidiabetinių vaistų farmakoekonominei analizei atlikti taikytas kaštų mažinimo bei referentinės kainos nustatymo metodas. Rezultatai: Bendras antidiabetinių vaistų suvartojimas padidėjo 33,33% nuo 21,54 DDD/TID 2006 metais iki 28,72 DDD/TID 2009 metais. Insulinų suvartojimas padidėjo 30% ir siekė 9,43 DDDD/TID 2009 metais, o geriamųjų antidiabetinių vaistų suvartojimas pakilo 35% iki 19,29 DDD/TID 2009 metais. Palyginus su kitų Europos šalių duomenimis, Lietuvoje antidiabetinių vaistų suvartojimas buvo du-tris kartus mažesnis, nepaisant to, jog sergamumas cukriniu diabetu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Oral cavity cancers are considered a public health problem throughout the world and represent the sixth most common cancer. The main risk factors include tobacco, alcohol, micronutrient deficiency and the human papillomavirus (HPV). The metabolism of alcohol depends on the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), a family of enzymes with high frequency of genetic polymorphisms that give different individuals a wide range of susceptibility to metabolites. Thus, different genetic polymorphisms in ADH can interfere with the individual risk of cancer associated with alcohol consumption. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the frequency of SNP (SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism) in ADH1B gene in 61 patients with cancer of the oral cavity and in 66 healthy controls. The molecular study employed methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) associated to restriction fragment analysis (RFLP). The frequencies obtained for the genetic polymorphisms were calculated and compared in both groups, as well as the possible association between these polymorphisms and the characteristics of tumors. The results showed a higher prevalence of these tumors in the male population (74.3%), at ages above 45 years (88.5%), smokers (85.2%) and alcoholic (82.0%). Among the prognostic factors evaluated, the advanced stage (III and IV) was observed in 73.8% of cases and the involvement of regional lymph nodes in 39.3% of cases. Allele frequencies for ADH polymorphism R48H on group of cases were L = 82.8 and A = 17.2%, while in the control group were 79.4% and G = A = 20.6%. The genotypic frequencies obtained for the case group were AA = 16.0%; GA = 2.0% and GG = 81.0%, while for the control group, genotype frequencies were AA = 15.0%; GA = 12.0% and GG = 74.0%. The overall survival evaluated for the group was 49.9%. Significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between the groups or between the prognostic aspects evaluated. Epidemiological data from the oral cavity cancer have shown worrying trends, stressing the importance of promoting more studies related to this particular type of cancer.
Os cânceres de cavidade oral são considerados um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo e representam a sexta neoplasia mais comum. Os principais fatores de risco incluem o tabaco, álcool, deficiência de micronutrientes e o Papilomavírus humano (HPV). O metabolismo do álcool depende da álcooldesidrogenase (ADH), uma família de enzimas com alta frequência de polimorfismos genéticos, que conferem aos diferentes indivíduos uma grande variação de suscetibilidade aos seus metabólitos. Assim, diferentes polimorfismos genéticos na ADH podem interferir no risco individual ao câncer associado ao etilismo. O objetivo deste estudo caso-controle foi avaliar a frequência de polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único (SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism) no gene ADH1B em 61 pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral e em 66 controles saudáveis. O estudo empregou métodos moleculares incluindo a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) associada à análise de fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). As frequências obtidas para os polimorfismos genéticos foram calculadas e comparadas nos dois grupos, bem como as possíveis associações entre esses polimorfismos e as características dos tumores. Os resultados mostraram uma maior prevalência desses tumores na população masculina (85,2%), em idades acima de 45 anos (88,5%), tabagistas (85,2%) e etilistas (82,0%). Dentre os fatores prognósticos avaliados, o estádio avançado (III e IV) foi observado em 73,8% dos casos e o comprometimento de linfonodos regionais em 39,3% dos casos. As frequências alélicas para o polimorfismo ADH R48Hno grupo de casos foram G=82,8 e A=17,2%, enquanto no grupo controle foram G=79,4% e A=20,6%. As frequências genotípicas obtidas para o grupo de casos foram AA=16,0%; GA=2,0% e GG=81,0%, enquanto que para o grupo controle, as frequências genotípicas foram AA=15,0%; GA=12,0% e GG=74,0%. A sobrevida global avaliada para o grupo foi de 49,9%. Diferenças significativas nas frequências alélicas e genotípicas não foram observadas entre os grupos e nem entre os aspectos prognósticos avaliados. Dados epidemiológicos do câncer de cavidade oral têm mostrado tendências preocupantes, alertando para a importância de se promover maiores estudos relacionados a este tipo particular de câncer.

Due to rising costs of healthcare, clinicians are responsible for decreasing costs by providing care that moves the patient from injury, to recovery, to discharge within a matter of just a few days. The Registered Dietitian is responsible for the nutrition assessment and nutrition diagnosis, nutrition prescription and plan, and for monitoring the patient to achieve nutritional repletion within this short time frame. Concerns for patients who require nursing staff and caregivers for feeding are evident, especially when increased demands are being placed on the nursing staff. This study aims to determine whether or not “feeder patients” are at a higher risk for malnutrition, which could potentially result in delayed discharge, poor rate of wound healing, and increased costs to the institution.

Som tandhygienist är det mycket intressant att studera karies-epidemiologiska undersökningar på både nationell och internationell nivå. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva och jämföra kariesstatus (DMFT) hos 12-åringar i Sverige och Irak, och några av de faktorer som kan påverka DMFT komponenternas roll och inverkan.För att besvara syftet användes information från litteratur och tidskrifter samt WHO:s databas om länderna. Resultatet visar att DMFT för 12-åringar i Irak var 1.7 (2003) och i Sverige 1.0 (2005). DT-komponenten, d.v.s. obehandlad karies, var hög hos irakiska barn medan FT- komponenten var hög för danska barn (inga data tillgängliga för Sverige). DMFT-medelvärde, sockerkonsumtion, ekonomiska resurser för tandvård, antal tandvårdpersonal och fluorprogram var mycket olika i Sverige och Irak, men differensen i DMFT var ändå inte markant.
As a dental hygienist it is relevant to study caries epidemiological studies on both national and international levels. The purpose of this literature study has been to describe and compare dental caries status (DMFT) of 12 years olds in Sweden and Iraq and the factors underlying the DMFT and DMFT components and facilitating role. To achieve the objective information from scientific literature and publications, and data from WHO database on these countries were used. Results showed that the DMFT for 12 year olds in Iraq and Sweden was 1.7(2003), 1.0 (2005) respectively. DT component was high among Iraqi children (untreated caries) while the FT component was high in Denmark, (no data was available for Sweden). DMFT mean, sugar consumption, economic resources for dental care, number of dental health professionals, and fluoride applications were very different in Sweden and Iraq, yet DMFT difference was not marked and serious.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries erosion are both multifactorial diseases. One common factor for both diseases is acid attack on dental enamel. Some beverages contain both erosive acids and cariogenic carbohydrates, thus, promoting both types of disease. Previous literature has examined beverages as single source exposures, despite the fact that beverage consumption is a complex process that contains several beverage. A few studies have examined the patterns of beverage consumption and dental caries in both children and adults. These studies found a significant positive relationship between sugar sweetened beverages consumption and caries. These studies did not differentiate between regular and diet soda, so the relationship between diet/low calorie sweetener drinks and dental caries is not established. In contrast with caries, the association between beverage consumption patterns and erosion has not been studied before. OBJECTIVES: Examine the effect of diet drinks on dental caries and erosion among a representative sample of US children and adults. METHODS: All analyses conducted using cluster analysis to account for the complexity of beverage consumption and to better understand the effect of different consumption patterns on the dentition. NHANES data was used to be able to generalize the results to the US population. RESULTS: In children, we managed to define 6 different clusters including: water, milk, juice drinks, 100% juice, soda, and diet drinks. None of the clusters demonstrated statistically significant associations with dental caries. While individuals with high soda consumption had the highest caries risk, diet drinks had no effect on dental caries. On the other hand, adults were grouped into 4 distinct clusters: water, soda, diet drinks, and coffee/tea. The diet drinks cluster was not associated with higher DMFT score, while high soda consumption demonstrated increased DMFT. In contrast, high diet drinks consumption increased the risk for erosion, although this relationship was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This dissertation showed that diet drinks are not associated with dental disease. While we can not recommend consuming these drinks based on this one cross sectional study, we believe that more studies should be conducted so that we can draw a final conclusion regarding oral disease and diet drinks.
2022-10-24T00:00:00Z

碩士
中國醫藥大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
99
Background : The incidence and mortality of oral cancer have increased quickly in the past five years in Taiwan. For men, oral cancer not only occurs at high incidence but also occurs at an early age. Therefore, if we can detect the oral precancerous conditions early and receive the treatment in time or follow up intensively, then it would be of great help on people’s health and the development of our country''s economy. Some studies have been reported that the association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, betel chewing and the risk of oral cancer and precancerous conditions. When people are exposed to harmful substances, especially aromatic amines and other carcinogenic substances, thses substances will be regulated by N-acetyltransferase (NAT) through activation or detoxication of the carcinogenic metabolic pathway. However, the individual susceptibility to disease at the same exposure is different, the difference may be due to the effect of gene polymorphisms and haplotypes. Aim : The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between oral precancerous conditions and xenobiotic metabolizing gene NAT1(rs4986990 G>A、rs15561 A >C)、NAT2 (rs1041983 C>T codon 94、rs1799930 G>A codon 197、rs1799931 G>A codon 286) polymorphisms and haplotypes,and to evaluate the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in oral precancerous conditions. Methods : We conducted a matched case-control study and the participants in present study were adult males who were enrolled from October 2007 to May 2009. All of participants were examined by otolaryngologist, if participants were diagnosed as the oral precancerous conditions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, verrucous hyperplasia and oral submucous fibrosis were cases in the study and the others without any oral precancerous conditions and oral cancer were selected by 4 (controls):1 (case) frequency matching with the cases in the same 5-yr age group. The main effects of genetic and environmental factors, the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on oral precancerous conditions were estimated by logistic regression. Results : After adjusting for demographic and environmental factors, we found that the trend effect of individual carrying NAT2 risk alleles has reached the statistical significance (p = 0.0475); and the trend effect of the combination of NAT1 and NAT2 risk alleles for oral precancerous conditions was significant (p=0.0092). In the haplotype analysis, individuals carrying an rs4986990 G -rs15561 C - rs1041983 T - rs1799930 G-rs1799931 A haplotype were at a significantly increased risk of oral precancerous conditions (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =2.05, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =1.09-3.85). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the number of environmental exposure factor or carrying NAT1 and NAT2 risk alleles may be associated with oral precancerous lesions.

Individuals consume the amino acid L-arginine (L-arg) to obtain an anabolic response. However, little is known concerning the mechanism for using an oral dose. The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of consuming two relative doses of oral L-arg on the growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) endogenous ghrelin and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) at rest. Thirteen healthy men age 25.1 5.0 yr randomly ingested 0.15 gkg-1 of L-arg, 0.075 gkg-1 of L-arg or a placebo on 3 separate occasions. Plasma hormone levels were measured at rest and up to 3 hrs after ingestion. No significant differences were found in plasma ghrelin or GHRH concentrations between the 3 treatment conditions. These findings indicate that the oral ingestion of L-arg, regardless of dose, does not influence plasma concentrations of ghrelin or GHRH at rest.