Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oral consumption

Academic literature on the topic 'Oral consumption'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Oral consumption"

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Chan, Cindy, Leaf Van Boven, Eduardo B. Andrade, and Dan Ariely. "Moral violations reduce oral consumption." Journal of Consumer Psychology 24, no. 3 (July 2014): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2013.12.003.

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Kawada, Tomoyuki. "Coffee consumption and oral cavity cancer." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 30, no. 6 (November 2021): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cej.0000000000000649.

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Scott, James s. "Cancer prevention and oral contraceptive consumption." Human Reproduction 2, no. 3 (April 1987): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136527.

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Marques, Luzia A., José Eluf-Neto, Rejane A. O. Figueiredo, José F. de Góis-Filho, Luiz P. Kowalski, Marcos B. de Carvalho, Márcio Abrahão, and Victor Wünsch-Filho. "Oral health, hygiene practices and oral cancer." Revista de Saúde Pública 42, no. 3 (June 2008): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102008000300012.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between oral health and hygiene practices and oral cancer. METHODS: Hospital-based case-control study in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, from 1998 to 2002. A total 309 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and the pharynx and 468 controls matched by sex and age were included in the study. Cases were recruited in seven reference hospitals and controls were selected in five out of the seven participating hospitals. Detailed information on smoking, alcohol consumption, schooling, oral health status and hygiene practices were obtained through interviews. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusted by sex, age, schooling, smoking, alcohol consumption as well as the variables oral health status and hygiene practices were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The use of complete dental prosthesis was not associated with oral cancer but regular gum bleeding showed a strong association (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.2-7.9). Those who never attended a dental visit were more likely to have oral cancer (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.3-4.8). Daily mouthwash use showed a stronger association to pharynx (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.8-12.5) than mouth cancer (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.6-6.3). CONCLUSIONS: Gum bleeding, no dental care, and daily mouthwash use were factors associated with oral cancer regardless of tobacco and alcohol consumption.
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Janket, Sok-Ja, Jaspreet Benwait, Paul Isaac, Leland K. Ackerson, and Jukka H. Meurman. "Oral and Systemic Effects of Xylitol Consumption." Caries Research 53, no. 5 (2019): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499194.

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Recent results of randomized trials testing the efficacy of xylitol in caries prevention have been conflicting. This narrative review reveals the sources of discrepancy. The following databases were searched for the terms “xylitol” or “artificial sweeteners” restricted to the English language: PubMed, Web of Science, Evidenced-Based Medicine, Scopus, and the Cochrane database. In a separate search, the terms “dental caries” or “cariogenicity” or “glucosyltransferase” or “low glycemic” or “low insulinemic” or “dysbiosis” or “gut microbiome” were used and then combined. In section I, findings regarding the role of xylitol in dental caries prevention, the appropriateness of research methods, and the causes for potential biases are summarized. In section II, the systemic effects of xylitol on gut microbiota as well as low-glycemic/insulinogenic systemic effects are evaluated and summarized. The substitution of a carbonyl group with an alcohol radical in xylitol hinders its absorption and slowly releases sugar into the bloodstream. This quality of xylitol is beneficial for diabetic patients to maintain a constant glucose level. Although this quality of xylitol has been proven in in vitro and animal studies, it has yet to be proven in humans. Paradoxically, recent animal studies reported hyperglycemia and intestinal dysbiosis with artificial sweetener consumption. Upon careful inspection of evidence, it was revealed that these reports may be due to misinterpretation of original references or flaws in study methodology. Any systemic benefits of xylitol intake must be weighed in consideration with the well-established adverse gastrointestinal consequences. The contribution of xylitol to gut dysbiosis that may affect systemic immunity warrants further research.
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Mercadante, Sebastiano. "Oral Morphine Consumption in Italy and Sicily." Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 15, no. 4 (April 1998): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00368-6.

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Doolabh, Keyur, Denis Finnegan, Nancy Pehlivan, and Sarah Farrand. "Oral fenugreek seed consumption and serotonin syndrome." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 12 (August 4, 2019): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419866912.

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Horvat, O., J. Popržen, Z. Tomić, V. Mijatović, N. Stilinović, and A. Sabo. "The Consumption of Oral Antidiabetics In Serbia." Clinical Therapeutics 37, no. 8 (August 2015): e130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.371.

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Repoux, M., C. Septier, O. Palicki, E. Guichard, G. Feron, and H. Laboure. "Solid cheese consumption: Quantification of oral coating." Archives of Oral Biology 57, no. 1 (January 2012): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.07.011.

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Luchsheva, L. F., A. V. Litvinov, A. V. Nasatyuk, K. Yu Slivko, and A. V. Fedorov. "Harmful health effects of snus consumption." Public health of the Far East Peer-reviewed scientific and practical journal 90, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33454/1728-1261-2021-4-60-65.

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From a pharmacological point of view, snus is an addictive nicotine-containing substance that also contains carcinogenic nitrosamines. The level of nicotine in the blood of a snus user and a tobacco smoker is approximately the same. Dentists, educators, social workers, parents, as well as consumers of snus are poorly informed about the consequences of its use for health, including for the oral cavity. The article contains materials on the dangers of snus consumption on general somatic health, as well as on precancerous lesions and neoplasms of the oral cavity resulting from snus use, and ways to detect changes in the oral mucosa in the early stages of snus consumers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oral consumption"

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Marchioni, Dirce Maria Lobo. "Fatores dietéticos e câncer oral: um estudo caso controle na região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-21072016-155342/.

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Objetivo. Investigar o papel da dieta no câncer oral. Métodos. Este estudo utilizou dados do Município de São Paulo obtidos em um estudo multicêntrico tipo caso-controle de base hospitalar. Participaram 845 indivíduos (366 casos incidentes de câncer oral e 469 controles). Os dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos por um questionário de freqüência alimentar (QFA). Verificou-se o risco associado ao consumo de alimentos e de grupos de alimentos definidos a priori e a posteriori, por análise fatorial, estes últimos denominados \"fatores\". O primeiro fator, rotulado como \"prudente\", caracterizou-se pelo consumo de vegetais, frutas, queijo e carne de aves. O segundo, \"tradicional\", pelo consumo de arroz e massas, feijão e carne; o terceiro fator, pelo consumo de pão, manteiga, embutidos, queijos, doces e sobremesas. O último fator, \"monótono\", associou-se negativamente ao consumo de frutas, vegetais e alimentos lácteos. Após categorização dos fatores dietéticos em tercis, foram estimados os valores da Razão de Chances e Intervalos de Confiança de 95 por cento por regressão logística múltipla não condicional. Resultados. Verificaram-se associações inversas para o consumo mais elevado de feijão e vegetais crus e para o tercil intermediário de arroz e massas; e diretas para o consumo de ovos, batata e leite. O padrão tradicional associou-se inversamente ao câncer oral, e o monótono positivamente. Nossos dados sugerem que a dieta tradicional do brasileiro, composta por arroz e feijão, além do consumo de frutas, vegetais e quantidades moderadas de carnes, pode conferir proteção para o câncer oral, independente de fatores de risco reconhecidos, como o fumo e o consumo alcoólico.
Objective: to identify dietary factors related with oral cancer in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: this study is part of a Latin American multicentre hospital based case-control. Participated 366 incident cases of oral cancer in Sao Paulo City, and 469 controls, frequency matched with cases by sex and age. The dietary data was collected by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The risk associated to the intake of food and food groups, defined a priori and a posteriori, through factor analysis (so-called factors) was analyzed. The first factor, labeled \"prudent\', was characterized for the intake of vegetables, fruits, cheese and poultry. The second, \"traditional\', for the intake of rice, pasta, pulses and meat, while the third, named \"snacks\" was characterized for the intake of bread, butter, salami, cheese, cakes and desserts. The last, \"monotonous\", was associated inversely with the intake of fruits, vegetables and most of the others food items. After categorization of the food items and the scores of the factors into tertiles, the Odds Ratio and 95 per cent Confidence lnterval were calculated by unconditional multiple logistic regression. Results: The intake of rice, beans and raw vegetables was associated with lower risk, whereas eggs, potatoes and milk were associated with increased risk. The traditional pattern was inversely related with the oral cancer, while the monotonous was positively associated. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the Brazilian traditional habit of eating meals composed by rice and beans, plus moderated quantities of meat, may conter protection against the oral cancer, independent of other risk factors, as alcohol and tobacco consumption.
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Corbett, Eric J. "Effects of Oral L-arginine Supplementation on Platelet Count and Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Healthy Males." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1239596277.

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Feeback, Matthew R. "Effect of Oral L-arginine Supplementation on Lactic Acid and Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Healthy Males." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1240929188.

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Vanderberghe-Descamps, Mathilde. "Impact of oral physiology of elderly people on their food consumption; what solutions can be found to maintain nutritional status?" Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK011/document.

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Contexte. Chez l’homme, la mise en bouche d’un aliment est l’étape ultime de la chaîne alimentaire et le début du processus de dégradation et de digestion. Avec l’âge la santé orale évolue et peut parfois rendre l’acte alimentaire difficile.Objectif. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les facteurs (salivaire, dentaire, musculaire) impactant sur les dimensions physiologiques (faculté à former un bol alimentaire, libération et perception de la flaveur) de l’acte alimentaire et/ou la prise alimentaire et la corpulence des séniors. Ceci permettra de d’identifier des techniques culinaires permettant d’adapter la texture des aliments aux problèmes bucco-dentaires.Matériel et méthode. 108 séniors (>65 ans) vivant à domicile et ne présentant pas de pathologie chronique ont été recrutés et caractérisés sur la base des dimensions suivantes : santé orale (examen clinique), auto-évaluation de la santé orale, perceptions sensorielles, faculté à former un bol alimentaire, comportement alimentaire, état de santé général. En parallèle, des techniques culinaires permettant d’améliorer la texture de la viande ont été testées. Leur efficacité a été évaluée via des mesures rhéologiques et la perception du confort en bouche par les séniors eux-mêmes.Résultats et conclusion. L’analyse multidimensionnelle des données montre que les facteurs de santé orale (dentition, salivation, force musculaire) jouent des rôles différents dans les processus de mastication et de prise alimentaire chez les personnes âgées. De plus, l’étude du confort en bouche a permis de sélectionner des techniques culinaires optimisant la tendreté et la jutosité de la viande. Ces résultats permettront de développer une offre alimentaire adaptée aux troubles oraux survenant avec l’âge
Context. In human, oral food intake is the ultimate stage of food supply chain and the beginning of food disintegration and the digestion process. During aging, the oral health changes and sometimes eating food can be a real challenge as food can be hard to masticate, humidify or swallow.Objective. The aim of the present study is to determine which oral factors (salivary, dental, tongue strength) have an impact on physiological – ability to form a food bolus – and psychological – pleasure to eat – dimensions of food oral processing in order to select culinary techniques and help elderlies maintaining an appropriate protein intake in spite of the occurrence of poor oral health.Material and method. Resting and stimulated salivary flow, oral status, the ability to form a food bolus, the pleasure induced by food consumption and the nutritional status were measured on 108 elderly people (65-92 years old, living at home, with no acute pathology at the time of the study). In parallel, culinary technics that aimed at improving meat texture were developed and evaluated throughout physical measurements and oral comfort assessment by the elderly volunteers.Results and conclusion. Multivariate analysis highlighted the fact that oral factors (salivary, dental, muscular) play different roles in food oral processing and eating behavior in elderly people. Moreover, the assessment of oral comfort on the culinary technics showed that some technics improve significantly meat tenderness and juiciness. Those results will help the development of food offer tailored to elderly people with or without oral health impairments
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Maier, Sheila Irene Bridget. "Melatonin receptor knockout mice have an increased physiological reaction to nicotine and increased voluntary oral nicotine consumption." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453515.

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Kummer, Anderson Douglas. "Fornecimento oral de suplementos nutricionais em leitões neonatos de baixo peso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115218.

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O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o consumo de colostro, concentração sérica de imunoglobulina G, temperatura retal, ganho de peso e mortalidade de leitões neonatos de peso abaixo da média submetidos ao fornecimento oral de suplementos nutricionais nas primeiras horas de vida. Leitões com peso ao nascimento entre 794 e 1315g foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente entre quatro tratamentos de acordo com o fornecimento de suplemento nutricional: Controle (n=305), Lianol (n=306), Biostart (n=306) e Lianol+Biostart (n=305). Lianol Colostro® é um suplemento proteico e o Biostart® é um suplemento vitamínico mineral. Os leitões foram acompanhados do nascimento até o desmame. Nas primeiras 24,3 ± 0,04h após o nascimento os leitões permaneceram na mãe biológica e, após, foram uniformizados em mães adotivas formando leitegadas de 12 leitões igualmente distribuídos entre os tratamentos (03 leitões de cada tratamento). Nas 24 h após o nascimento, foi efetuada a mensuração da temperatura retal, coletou-se sangue para mensurar a concentração sérica de Imunoglobulina G, e foi aferido o peso dos leitões para estimar o consumo de colostro. A mortalidade foi registrada diariamente e foi realizada a necropsia para definir a causa da morte. As pesagens foram realizadas ao nascimento, na uniformização e aos 07 e 20 dias após o nascimento. Não houve efeito do tratamento (P>0,05) sobre o peso e o ganho de peso em nenhum dos momentos avaliados. A suplementação não teve efeito na temperatura retal, consumo de colostro e concentração sérica de IgG (P>0,05). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos nas taxas de mortalidade, nos dias 3, 7 e 20 após o nascimento (P>0,05), porém quando foi estratificado em classes de peso, redução na taxa de mortalidade até 20 dias (P≤0,05) foi verificada nos grupos Lianol, Biostart e Lianol+Biostart em comparação ao grupo Controle, nos leitões de peso ao nascimento de 1000-1225g. As causas de mortalidade ficaram distribuídas em: esmagamento (4,8%), diarreia (1,8%), subnutrição (1,1%) e outras causas (1,0%). Nos grupos Lianol e Biostart houve menor taxa de mortalidade pré-desmame sobre as causas de mortes agrupadas por esmagamento e desnutrição, quando comparados ao grupo controle (P<0,05). Em conclusão, a suplementação com Lianol ou Biostart não teve efeito sobre a temperatura retal, o consumo de colostro, a concentração sérica de IgG e o ganho de peso, mas foi verificada menor taxa de mortalidade em leitões com peso ao nascimento entre 1000 e 1225g, além de reduzir a mortalidade causada por esmagamento e desnutrição.
The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters such as colostrum consumption, serum immunoglobulin G, rectal temperature, weight gain and mortality of low birth weight neonate piglets receiving oral supply of nutritional supplements in the first hours of life. At birth, piglets with weighing 794 to 1315 g were selected and randomly distributed among four treatments according to the nutritional supplement provided: Control (n = 305), Lianol (n = 306), Biostart (n = 306) and Lianol+Biostart (n = 305). Lianol Colostro® is a protein supplement and the Biostart® is a mineral vitamin supplement. The piglets were followed from birth to weaning. At the first 24.3 ± 0.04 h after birth piglets remained with biological mother and after that they were equalized in foster dams forming litters of 12 piglets equally distributed among treatments (3 piglets of each treatment). At 24 h after birth, rectal temperature was measured, blood was collected to measure serum immunoglobulin G and piglets were weighed to estimate colostrum consumption. Mortality was recorded daily and necropsy was performed to determine the cause of death. Weight was obtained at birth, at equalizing and at 7 and 20 days after birth. There was no treatment effect (P>0.05) on weight and weight gain in all evaluated moments. Supplementation had no effect on rectal temperature, colostrum consumption and serum IgG (P>0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) among treatments in mortality rate on days 3, 7 and 20 after birth (P>0.05) but when were stratified into weight classes, reduction in mortality rate up to 20 days (P≤0.05) was observed in Lianol, Biostart and Lianol+Biostart groups compared with the Control group, in piglets weighing 1000-1225g at birth. The causes of death were distributed: Crush (4.8%), diarrhea (1.8%), malnutrition (1.1%) and other causes (1.0%). In Lianol and Biostart groups had lower pre-weaning mortality due to crushing and undernutrition, compared with the Control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with Lianol or Biostart had no effect on rectal temperature, colostrum consumption, serum concentration IgG and weight gain, but mortality caused by crushing and undernutrition was reduced, and piglets weighing 1000-1225g had their mortality reduced.
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Stankūnaitė, Eglė. "Pharmacoepidemiological study and costs analysis of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulins in Lithuania on 2006-2009 year." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100621_092504-76708.

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Objective: To perform pharmacoepidemiological study of the use of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulins in Lithuania on 2006-2009 year and cost-minimization and reference price analysis enabling more rational use of financial resources of national health system. Material ans methods: The search for all literature relating to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic chareacteristics of drugs for diabetes mellitus was done in MEDLINE database. The data on total sales of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulins in Lithuania over a four-year period (2006-2009) were obtained from Softdent, Lithuania data base. Drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical system. Data were calculated by DDD methodology and expressed in DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID). Calculations of drug prices and total expenditures for antidiabetic drugs were made by using retail prices from the National Patient Funds Price List on 2006- 2009 years. Pharmacoeconomic calculations were done according to cost minimization and reference price methodologies. Results: The total consumption of hypoglycaemic drugs (incl. insulins) increased by 33.33% from 21.54 DDD/TID in 2006 to 28.72 DDD/TID in 2009. The utilization of insulin increased by 30% reaching the value of 9.43 DDDD/TID, similarly the utilization of oral antidiabetic drugs increased by 35% reaching the value of 19.29 DDD/TID in 2009. In comparison with antidiabetic drug consumption in other countries, this meaning was about... [to full text]
Tikslai: Įvertinti geriamųjų antidiabetinių vaistų ir insulinų suvartojimo tendencijas Lietuvoje 2006–2009 m. ir atlikti farmakoekonominę analizę kaštų mažinimo ir referentinės kainos metodu siekiant racionaliai panaudoti sveikatos apsaugos lėšas cukriniam diabetui gydyti. Medžiaga ir metodai: Duomenys apie antidiabetinių vaistų farmakokinetines ir farmakodinamines savybes buvo surinkti iš MEDLINE elektroninių duomenų šaltinių. Duomenys apie antidiabetinių vaistų pardavimą Lietuvoje 2006–2009 metais gauti iš UAB SoftDent duomenų bazės. Vaistai klasifikuoti pagal anatominę terapinę cheminę (ATC) klasifikaciją. Vaistų suvartojimas buvo vertinamas pagal apibrėžtos dienos dozės (DDD – angl. defined daily dose) metodiką, o duomenys apskaičiuoti pagal DDD skaičių, tenkantį 1000 gyventojų per vieną dieną.Vaistų kainų skaičiavimai atlikti remiantis mažmenine kaina iš „Kompensuojamų vaistinių preparatų kainynų“. Antidiabetinių vaistų farmakoekonominei analizei atlikti taikytas kaštų mažinimo bei referentinės kainos nustatymo metodas. Rezultatai: Bendras antidiabetinių vaistų suvartojimas padidėjo 33,33% nuo 21,54 DDD/TID 2006 metais iki 28,72 DDD/TID 2009 metais. Insulinų suvartojimas padidėjo 30% ir siekė 9,43 DDDD/TID 2009 metais, o geriamųjų antidiabetinių vaistų suvartojimas pakilo 35% iki 19,29 DDD/TID 2009 metais. Palyginus su kitų Europos šalių duomenimis, Lietuvoje antidiabetinių vaistų suvartojimas buvo du-tris kartus mažesnis, nepaisant to, jog sergamumas cukriniu diabetu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Costa, Jodie do Amaral Sodario. "Estudo do polimorfismo genético de ADH1BR48H e suas associações ao câncer de cavidade oral." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3034.

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Oral cavity cancers are considered a public health problem throughout the world and represent the sixth most common cancer. The main risk factors include tobacco, alcohol, micronutrient deficiency and the human papillomavirus (HPV). The metabolism of alcohol depends on the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), a family of enzymes with high frequency of genetic polymorphisms that give different individuals a wide range of susceptibility to metabolites. Thus, different genetic polymorphisms in ADH can interfere with the individual risk of cancer associated with alcohol consumption. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the frequency of SNP (SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism) in ADH1B gene in 61 patients with cancer of the oral cavity and in 66 healthy controls. The molecular study employed methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) associated to restriction fragment analysis (RFLP). The frequencies obtained for the genetic polymorphisms were calculated and compared in both groups, as well as the possible association between these polymorphisms and the characteristics of tumors. The results showed a higher prevalence of these tumors in the male population (74.3%), at ages above 45 years (88.5%), smokers (85.2%) and alcoholic (82.0%). Among the prognostic factors evaluated, the advanced stage (III and IV) was observed in 73.8% of cases and the involvement of regional lymph nodes in 39.3% of cases. Allele frequencies for ADH polymorphism R48H on group of cases were L = 82.8 and A = 17.2%, while in the control group were 79.4% and G = A = 20.6%. The genotypic frequencies obtained for the case group were AA = 16.0%; GA = 2.0% and GG = 81.0%, while for the control group, genotype frequencies were AA = 15.0%; GA = 12.0% and GG = 74.0%. The overall survival evaluated for the group was 49.9%. Significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between the groups or between the prognostic aspects evaluated. Epidemiological data from the oral cavity cancer have shown worrying trends, stressing the importance of promoting more studies related to this particular type of cancer.
Os cânceres de cavidade oral são considerados um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo e representam a sexta neoplasia mais comum. Os principais fatores de risco incluem o tabaco, álcool, deficiência de micronutrientes e o Papilomavírus humano (HPV). O metabolismo do álcool depende da álcooldesidrogenase (ADH), uma família de enzimas com alta frequência de polimorfismos genéticos, que conferem aos diferentes indivíduos uma grande variação de suscetibilidade aos seus metabólitos. Assim, diferentes polimorfismos genéticos na ADH podem interferir no risco individual ao câncer associado ao etilismo. O objetivo deste estudo caso-controle foi avaliar a frequência de polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único (SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism) no gene ADH1B em 61 pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral e em 66 controles saudáveis. O estudo empregou métodos moleculares incluindo a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) associada à análise de fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). As frequências obtidas para os polimorfismos genéticos foram calculadas e comparadas nos dois grupos, bem como as possíveis associações entre esses polimorfismos e as características dos tumores. Os resultados mostraram uma maior prevalência desses tumores na população masculina (85,2%), em idades acima de 45 anos (88,5%), tabagistas (85,2%) e etilistas (82,0%). Dentre os fatores prognósticos avaliados, o estádio avançado (III e IV) foi observado em 73,8% dos casos e o comprometimento de linfonodos regionais em 39,3% dos casos. As frequências alélicas para o polimorfismo ADH R48Hno grupo de casos foram G=82,8 e A=17,2%, enquanto no grupo controle foram G=79,4% e A=20,6%. As frequências genotípicas obtidas para o grupo de casos foram AA=16,0%; GA=2,0% e GG=81,0%, enquanto que para o grupo controle, as frequências genotípicas foram AA=15,0%; GA=12,0% e GG=74,0%. A sobrevida global avaliada para o grupo foi de 49,9%. Diferenças significativas nas frequências alélicas e genotípicas não foram observadas entre os grupos e nem entre os aspectos prognósticos avaliados. Dados epidemiológicos do câncer de cavidade oral têm mostrado tendências preocupantes, alertando para a importância de se promover maiores estudos relacionados a este tipo particular de câncer.
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Marchio, Jamie. "An Examination of Oral Fed Post-Trauma Patients for Calorie and Protein Consumption as a Percentage of Estimated Needs, and How it Impacts Length of Hospital Stay and Wound Healing." UNF Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/386.

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Due to rising costs of healthcare, clinicians are responsible for decreasing costs by providing care that moves the patient from injury, to recovery, to discharge within a matter of just a few days. The Registered Dietitian is responsible for the nutrition assessment and nutrition diagnosis, nutrition prescription and plan, and for monitoring the patient to achieve nutritional repletion within this short time frame. Concerns for patients who require nursing staff and caregivers for feeding are evident, especially when increased demands are being placed on the nursing staff. This study aims to determine whether or not “feeder patients” are at a higher risk for malnutrition, which could potentially result in delayed discharge, poor rate of wound healing, and increased costs to the institution.
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Fathalla, Laith Hassan. "Kariesprevalens i Irak och Sverige - en jämförelse och analys av faktorer." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19823.

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Som tandhygienist är det mycket intressant att studera karies-epidemiologiska undersökningar på både nationell och internationell nivå. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva och jämföra kariesstatus (DMFT) hos 12-åringar i Sverige och Irak, och några av de faktorer som kan påverka DMFT komponenternas roll och inverkan.För att besvara syftet användes information från litteratur och tidskrifter samt WHO:s databas om länderna. Resultatet visar att DMFT för 12-åringar i Irak var 1.7 (2003) och i Sverige 1.0 (2005). DT-komponenten, d.v.s. obehandlad karies, var hög hos irakiska barn medan FT- komponenten var hög för danska barn (inga data tillgängliga för Sverige). DMFT-medelvärde, sockerkonsumtion, ekonomiska resurser för tandvård, antal tandvårdpersonal och fluorprogram var mycket olika i Sverige och Irak, men differensen i DMFT var ändå inte markant.
As a dental hygienist it is relevant to study caries epidemiological studies on both national and international levels. The purpose of this literature study has been to describe and compare dental caries status (DMFT) of 12 years olds in Sweden and Iraq and the factors underlying the DMFT and DMFT components and facilitating role. To achieve the objective information from scientific literature and publications, and data from WHO database on these countries were used. Results showed that the DMFT for 12 year olds in Iraq and Sweden was 1.7(2003), 1.0 (2005) respectively. DT component was high among Iraqi children (untreated caries) while the FT component was high in Denmark, (no data was available for Sweden). DMFT mean, sugar consumption, economic resources for dental care, number of dental health professionals, and fluoride applications were very different in Sweden and Iraq, yet DMFT difference was not marked and serious.
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Books on the topic "Oral consumption"

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Distant reading: Performance, readership, and consumption in contemporary poetry. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2005.

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Clark, Lisa M. Oral consumption of various concentrations of nickel or copper in the water supply: Histological changes within kidneys of young and adult mice. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2006.

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Dietl, Jerzy. Uwarunkowanie oraz zróżnicowanie postaw produkcyjnych i konsumpcyjnych rolników na ziemiach zachodnich, na przykładzie gminy Głogówek. Opole: Wydawn. Instytutu Śląskiego w Opolu, 1989.

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Rejman, Krystyna. Spożycie żywności i zachowania żywieniowe wśród ludności o niskich dochodach w Polsce oraz wnioski dla polityki wyżywienia. Warszawa: Wydawn. SGGW, 2010.

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Perchla-Włosik, Aleksandra. System wartości i współczesne trendy oraz zachowania konsumpcyjne społeczności wielkomiejskiej: Na przykładzie mieszkańców Wrocławia = System of values as well as the contemporary trends and consumption behaviours of a big city society : presented upon the example of the inhabitants of the city of Wrocław. Wrocław: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Instytut Socjologii, 2012.

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Smith, Graham. Toward a Public Oral History. Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0030.

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The focus of this article is public oral history. Public history is a “slippery concept.” Perhaps the simplest definition of public history is that it describes a set of procedures undertaken by historians who are not employed in academic institutions. Within this definition, at least for some, funding is an important element that distinguishes public from academic history. Public history, Valerie Yow has argued, is “commissioned research in special communities,” so that “the targeted audience is the commissioner or the commissioner's chosen readers—not necessarily other scholars.” Public history might therefore describe the production of historical interpretations that are intended for consumption by particular audiences. It has been argued that this is an important difference: while academic historians write for one another, public historians are interpreting the past for a wider audience. Across the globe there are differences in the ways that public history is understood as unfolded in this article.
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Hashibe, Mia, Erich M. Sturgis, Jacques Ferlay, and Deborah M. Winn. Oral Cavity, Oropharynx, Lip, and Salivary Glands. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0029.

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Cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, lip, and salivary glands are malignancies of the head and neck. Some of these cancer sites share risk factors, although each has distinctive anatomic, epidemiologic, and clinical features. Oral cavity cancers arise on the inner lip and buccal mucosa, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, gum, hard palate, and floor of mouth. These cancers are strongly associated with the use of smoked and smokeless tobacco products, heavy alcohol consumption, and chewing of betel quid or pan, but only minimally associated with prior infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). In contrast, oropharyngeal cancers affect the posterior one-third (base) of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and other oropharyngeal tissues and are strongly associated with HPV-16 infection as well as with the use of tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid. In principle, tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and lip are among the most preventable forms of cancer.
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Yeo, Tim, and Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Energy and Climate Change Committee. Consumption-Based Emissions Reporting : Twelfth Report of Session 2010-12, Vol. 1: Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence. Stationery Office, The, 2012.

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Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts and Edward Leigh. Programmes to reduce household energy Consumption: Fifth report of session 2008-09, report, together with formal minutes, oral and written Evidence. Stationery Office, The, 2009.

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Gapstur, Susan M., and Philip John Brooks. Alcohol and Cancer Risk. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0012.

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In 2010, alcoholic beverage consumption caused an estimated 3.3 million deaths worldwide, and contributed to injuries, violence, liver cirrhosis, social disruption and at least seven different types of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies exposure to both ethanol in alcoholic beverages and acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of ethanol, as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) based on “sufficient” evidence that alcoholic beverage consumption is causally related to cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, colorectum and female breast. The biologic mechanisms by which alcohol and its primary metabolite acetaldehyde affect cancer risk appear to vary across anatomic sites. Broadly, these mechanisms involve DNA and protein damage from acetaldehyde and oxidative stress, nutritional malabsorption and metabolic effects, and for breast cancer, increased estrogen levels. The World Health Organization has increased global surveillance of alcohol consumption and encourages national efforts to apply evidence-based policies to reduce consumption.
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Book chapters on the topic "Oral consumption"

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Heilmann, Anja, Carolina Machuca Vargas, and Richard G. Watt. "Sugar Consumption and Oral Health." In Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry, 307–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50123-5_19.

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Kassab, Amal, and Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa. "Role of Qat Chewing and Mate Consumption in Human Oral Carcinogenesis." In Development of Oral Cancer, 133–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48054-1_9.

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Altmann, J., A. W. Kornhuber, and H. H. Kornhuber. "Riskfactors of „Normal“ Alcohol Consumption, Oral Antidiabetic Drugs, and Treatment of Stroke." In Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie, 672–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83201-7_203.

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"Oral Consumption." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 1041. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_4804.

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Aguiar, Flávio Henrique Baggio, Núbia Pavesi Pini, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima, and José Roberto Lovadino. "Effect of Coffee Consumption on Oral Health." In Coffee in Health and Disease Prevention, 517–21. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409517-5.00057-7.

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Xiao, Xue, and Zhou Wang. "Oral Cancer." In Pharynx - Diagnosis and Treatment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97330.

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Oral cancer is a frequent head and neck cancer in developing countries and some developed world. According to the World Health Organization classification 2017, oral cancer influences the anatomical subsites including buccal mucosa, the anterior two-third of the tongue, lip, palate, vestibule, alveolus, floor of the mouth, and gingivae. A variety of premalignant lesions are related with the development of oral cancer, such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, et al. The predominant histological type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tobacco and alcohol consumption are regarded as critical etiological factors. Due to the unspecific symptoms in early stage, the majority are diagnosed in advanced stages. Despite the development of medicine over decades, the mortality rate of oral cancer remains high, indicating the importance of optimized treatment and screening strategies.
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Pini, Núbia Inocencya Pavesi, Jéssica Dias Theobaldo, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima, and Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar. "Consumption of Different Energy Beverages and Oral Health." In Sports and Energy Drinks, 441–81. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815851-7.00013-9.

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Barhoi, Dharmeswar, Sweety Nath Barbhuiya, and Sarbani Giri. "Potential Phytochemical Nanoemulsions in the Treatment of Oral Cancer and Oral Health." In Handbook of Research on Nanoemulsion Applications in Agriculture, Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 330–53. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8378-4.ch015.

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Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and lifestyle factors like extensive consumption of tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol are the major etiological factors of oral cancer. Treatment of oral cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, but this treatment possesses lots of side effects. Therefore, scientists and medical experts are utilizing natural products and medicinal plants for new drug development. Natural products and phytochemicals showed better efficacy with less toxicity. However, most of the phytochemicals showed poor permeability and less bioavailability. To combat this problem, scientists developed nanosized nanoemulsions of phytochemicals to treat various ailments. Nanoemulsions of phytochemicals exhibited better efficacy than their free form due to increased permeability and bioavailability. Numerous phytopharmaceuticals have been formulated for nanoemulsions to date and tested for their anticancer potential against various cancers, including oral cancer and oral health management.
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Pavia, M., A. Bianco, CGA Nobile, and IF Angelillo. "Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Oral Cancer: A Meta-analysis." In Herbal Medicine: A Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Perspective, 153. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11166_12.

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Kiymet Karataban, Pinar. "Oral Aspects and Dental Management of Special Needs Patient." In Oral Health Care [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101067.

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Individuals with special needs are the most underserved regarding healthcare needs in almost all populations. Special needs patients with intellectual disability have muscle coordination disorder, impaired oral motor function, drooling, weak muscles that cause chewing and swallowing problems. Also, soft diet consumption makes this population more prone to dental disease. They have more caries, missing teeth, orthodontic and periodontal problems. Besides more difficulties obtaining professional dental care than other segments of the population. Though many countries developed community-based systems to improve oral health for people with special needs, providing good oral health mainly depends on the effort of the families. Therefore the education of the caregiver about oral hygiene provision is also critical for the special needs patient to enjoy a lifetime of oral health the same as other members of the society.
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Conference papers on the topic "Oral consumption"

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Ionițiu, Ionela. "Task-Based Language Teaching – Problems with Oral Communication in English for Specific Purposes." In New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/222/08/022.

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Don, T. A., S. V. Kalashnikov, A. G. Mirgorodskaya, and M. V. Shkidyuk. "RESEARCH OF INNOVATIVE TYPES OF NON-TOBACCO NICOTINE-CONTAINING PRODUCTS FOR ORAL CONSUMPTION." In Состояние и перспективы мировых научных исследований по табаку, табачным изделиям и инновационной никотинсодержащей продукции. Краснодар: Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт табака, махорки и табачных изделий Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48113/496_2020_92-100.

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Khan, Naghma, Farrukh Afaq, Jung-Mi Yun, Fatima H. Khusro, and Hasan Mukhtar. "Abstract 951: Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis by oral consumption of pomegranate fruit extract." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-951.

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Bardhar, Pallavi, and Neelam Wason. "21 TV viewing hours, sugar sweetened beverage consumption pattern, dietary calories, and BMI of early, middle and late adolescents." In Oral Presentations and Abstracts from the 7th International Summit on Nutrition and Health, July 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2022-summit2022.24.

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Huon, JF, M. Thierry, A. Lepelletier, V. Laurent, J. Saillard, and C. Fronteau. "5PSQ-041 Consumption of herbal medicine in patients on oral anticancer drugs: still a long way to go." In 25th EAHP Congress, 25th–27th March 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-eahpconf.358.

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Tang, Feng-Yao, Fu-Yu Wang, and Man-Hui Pai. "Abstract 5428: Consumption of S-allylcysteine inhibits tumor growth and progression in a mouse xenograft model of oral cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5428.

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Khan, Naghma, Ruth Sullivan, Tien Hoang, Tejaswi Dittakavi, and Hasan Mukhtar. "Abstract 194: Delay in the progression of lung adenoma to adenocarcinoma in mice by oral consumption of pomegranate fruit extract." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-194.

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Bagus, Budhi Ida, Nirmala Antonius, Metria Ida Bagus, and Mastini Ida Ayu Kade. "IDDF2018-ABS-0119 Comparison of fluoroquinolone injection effect for 3 days continued with oral consumption for 4 days, with 7 days injection to wound healing of complicated appendicitis surgery." In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2018, Hong Kong, 9–10 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-iddfabstracts.115.

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Litle, Darren. "Utilization of Controlled Flow Cavitation to minimize process inputs, energy, and waste while maximizing process yield, quality, and sustainability." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lrmb8817.

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An overview of the application of controlled flow caviation (CFC(TM)) for the intensification of chemical processing applications is presented. More specifically, this oral presentation will summarize the positive effects cavitation technology has made in the acid degumming and chemical neutralization refining process steps over the past ten years. It will be shown how CFC(TM) technology minimizes the resources necessary to purify fats and oils in the degumming and neutralization processes while at the same time producing less waste and make a better quality product. Due to the heat of reaction, this technology further reduces the amount of energy necessary for heating prior to separation of the impurities. For vegetable oil acid degumming and/or neutralization reactions, the reasons for enhanced performance of the refining operation, reduced environmental impact, observed reduction in necessary acid and/or caustic addition as well as decrease in oil loss, potential savings in steam consumption and decrease in maintenance opex is discussed and industrial scale examples given. Several methods for measuring yield gain are also discussed. Finally, the efficient removal of residual soaps, phosphorus, ffa, and metals while minimizing and in some cases even eliminating the need for water washing or silica addition is also described.
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Fechtel, Hannah, Ruba Sajdeya, Yan Wang, Gabriel Spandau, Amie Goodin, Almut Winterstein, and Robert Cook. "Medical Marijuana & Me (M3): Designing Measures of Medical Marijuana Dose in an Observational Study." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.25.

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Measuring marijuana exposure represents one of the biggest challenges in marijuana-related outcomes research. The challenge mainly emerges from the significant variability in medical marijuana (MMJ) use characteristics on both the product level, including inter-product and intra-product composition variability and possibility of using multiple consumption modes, and the patient level, including variations in use patterns, frequency and intensity of use, and routes of administration. While MMJ-related observational research still mainly relies on self-reported MMJ exposure, there remains a lack of validated and reliable exposure measures and a lack of standardized dose units, necessitating the development of such measures. In the Medical Marijuana & Me (M3) study, a new combined cohort and cross-sectional study aiming to assess a multitude of MMJ-related outcomes among MMJ patients in Florida, we developed a set of new comprehensive measures to quantify MMJ use by assessing the specific modes of consumption, doses, frequency, and patterns of MMJ use. After reviewing the literature for existing MMJ measures, a multidisciplinary team of MMJ certifying physicians, pharmacists, researchers, MMJ patients, and dispensary personnel designed and developed a questionnaire covering a wide range of MMJ products, including flower, vape cartridges, concentrates for smoking, topical products, tinctures, oral concentrates, edible products, and others. MMJ dose and use are assessed via a nine-item MMJ use measure for each MMJ product participants use that gauges modes and routes of administration, frequency of use (per day, per week, per month), amount of consumed products, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol concentrations and ratios, and potency. For specific consumption modes (e.g., smoking and vaping), additional questions (e.g., number of inhalation seconds) were included to ensure a comprehensive approach of exposure measurement. Visual prompts such as product example photos were also included to enhance participant engagement and ease. We pilot-tested the questionnaires on twenty current MMJ patients in Florida, who provided feedback to improve the measures’ relatability and enhance accuracy in capturing their MMJ exposure. Some of the key challenges we encountered were measuring the “amount” of solid and liquid concentrates, and difficulty in determining dose of vape cartridges due to inconsistencies in THC concentration between nearly identical cartridges. The nine-item MMJ use questionnaire developed for M3 offers a framework for MMJ exposure quantification in current and future observational MMJ-outcomes research. Analyses resulting from M3 data will add to the sparse literature on MMJ dose measures and assist in validating measures similar to the measure developed for M3.
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Reports on the topic "Oral consumption"

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Friedmann, Michael, Charles J. Arntzen, and Hugh S. Mason. Expression of ETEC Enterotoxin in Tomato Fruit and Development of a Prototype Transgenic Tomato for Dissemination as an Oral Vaccine in Developing Countries. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7585203.bard.

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The broad objective of the project was to develop a feasible approach to combat diarrheal disease caused by ETEC through the development of a low-cost oral immunogen in tomato fruit, expressed in the context of a prototype tomato that would answer the shortcomings of plant oral vaccines, especially in terms of produce handling and control of gene escape. Specifically, the goals for Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) on this project were to develop transgenic tomato lines that express the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) subunits A and/or B for use in oral edible vaccines, and to optimize expression and assembly of these antigens in tomato fruits.LT-B is a useful vaccine antigen against ETEC disease, since antibodies against LT-B can prevent binding and delivery of the holotoxinLT. Mutant forms of the toxic LT-A subunit that have reduced toxicity can be co-expressed and assembled with LT-Bpentamers to form mutant LT (mLT) complexes that could be used as mucosaladjuvants for other oral vaccines. Work on the project is continuing at Arizona State University, after Dr. Mason moved there in August 2002. A number of approaches were taken to ensure the expression of both subunits and bring about their assembly inside the transgenic fruits. Initially, expression was driven by the fruit-specific E-8 promoter for LT-B and the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter for LT-A(K63). While LT-B accumulated up to 7 µg per gram ripe fruit, assembled LT-K63 was only 1 µg per gram. Since promoter activities for the two genes likely differed in cell type and developmental stage specificity, the ratios of A and B subunits was not optimal for efficient assembly in all cells. In order to maximize the chance of assembly of mLT in fruit, we focused on constructs in which both genes are driven by the same promoter. These included co-expression plasmids using the 35S promoter for both, while switching to attenuated mLTs (LT-R72 and LT-G192) that have shown greater potential for oral adjuvanticity than the initial LT-K63, and thus are better candidates for a plant-derived adjuvant. Other, more novel approaches were then attempted, including several new vectors using the tomato fruit-specific E8 promoter driving expression of both LT-B and mutant LT-A, as well as a dicistronic construct for co-expression of both LT-B and mutant LT-A genes from a single promoter, and a geminivirusreplicon construct. We describe in the Appendix the results obtained in transgenic tomato lines transformed with these constructs. Overall, each contributed to enhanced expression levels, but the assembly itself of the holotoxin to high levels was not observed in the fruit tissues. The Israeli lab’s specific objective was to develop transgenic tomato lines expressing the LTholotoxin antigen bearing attributes to prevent gene escape (male sterility and orange fruit color) and to improve the dissemination of the oral vaccine (long shelf-life tomato cherry fruit or tomato processing background). Breeding lines bearing a number of attributes to prevent gene escape were developed by combining material and backcrossing either to a tomato cherry background, or two different processing backgrounds. Concomitantly, (these lines can be utilized for the creation of any future oral vaccine or other therapeutic-expressing tomato, either by crosses or transformation), the lines were crossed to the holotoxin-expressing tomatoes received from the United States, and this transgenic material was also incorporated into the backcrossing programs. To date, we have finalized the preparation of the cherry tomato material, both non-transgenic (bearing all the desired attributes), and transgenic, expressing the holotoxin. The level of expression of LT-B in the cherry fruits was comparable to the original transgenic tomatoes. Since it was not higher, this would necessitate the consumption of more fruits to reach a desired dose. A final backcross has been made for both the non-transgenic and the transgenic material in the processing lines. Auxin sprays resulted in high percentages of fruit set, but the processing genotypes gave many puffed fruits.
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