Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Or 1885-1945'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Or 1885-1945.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Or 1885-1945.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Brechtken, Magnus. ""Madagaskar für die Juden" : antisemitische Idee und politische Praxis 1885-1945 /." München : R. Oldenbourg, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37101914x.
Full text
2
Cowden, Stephen. "The search for an indigenous white identity in Australian literature 1885-1945." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298164.
Full text
3
Pazuch, Giovane. "Imigração italiana na colônia de Antônio Prado - RS: catolicismo e sociabilidades (1885-1945)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12901.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Giovane Pazuch.pdf: 12073008 bytes, checksum: e5ac46bcd45a5727eed0f140059bc53a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-09-25Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The research analyses the sociability among Italian immigrants and their power relations with the Catholic Church and the Brazilian State between 1885 and 1945 in the colony of Antonio Prado in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. From 1885 the Italian immigrants began to cut down the forest in view of occupy the spaces and places of the Colony, where reproduced the villages of Italian origin, with its own architecture. The work aims to identify the conflicts occurring during the formation of a new Italian-Brazilian identity, named ítalo-brasileira, constituted by Catholic religion and Talian as cultural integration language. The Immigrants adapted to the traditions and customs they brought from Italy to Brazil to the new reality lived in the Colony, where they acquired the characteristics of the rural society. The Catholicity and the Italian identity of the Italian immigrants in the Colony formed and developed in Chapel Societies, which gave rise to a society based on family and community values and traditions
A pesquisa aborda a sociabilidade entre os imigrantes italianos e suas relações de poder com a Igreja Católica e o Estado Brasileiro entre os anos de 1885 e 1945 na Colônia de Antônio Prado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir de 1885 os imigrantes italianos começaram a derrubar a mata para ocupar os espaços e os lugares da Colônia, onde reproduziram as vilas de origem da Itália com uma arquitetura própria. O trabalho busca identificar os conflitos surgidos durante a formação de uma nova identidade, denominada ítalo-brasileira na Colônia, constituída através da religião católica e do Talian como língua de identificação cultural. Os imigrantes adaptaram as tradições e os costumes que trouxeram da Itália para o Brasil à nova realidade vivida na Colônia, onde adquiriram características próprias da sociedade rural. A catolicidade e a italianidade dos imigrantes italianos na Colônia se formaram e se desenvolveram nas Sociedades da Capela, as quais possibilitaram o surgimento de uma identidade local própria com base na tradição e nos valores familiares e comunitários
4
Fedangai, Jean. "Genèse et évolution des frontières africaines contemporaines : les frontières de l'Afrique équatoriale française, 1885-1945." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX10023.
Full textAbstract:
Les frontières africaines actuelles sont d'origine européenne. La maitrise des voies de communication, l'acquisition des territoires justifièrent les rivalités inter-européennes. L'acte général de Berlin dissipa l'anarchie par des principes diplomatiques. Ceux-ci guideront la France dans l'établissement des frontières de sa future colonie. Les traités franco-portugais de 12 mai 1886 et 23 janvier 1901 délimitèrent le cabinda et le Gabon. Les frontières du Congo français et de L'État indépendant du Congo furent fixées par les traités des 5 février 1885 et 23 avril 1887. Les conventions franc-allemandes des 24 décembre 1885 et 15 mars 1894 délimitèrent le Cameroun du Congo français. Avec l'Espagne, fut signée la convention du 27 juin 1900 délimitant la Guinée et le Gabon. Les conventions franco-britanniques des 5 août 1890 et 14 juin 1898 établirent les frontières au Tchad. La déclaration additionnelle du 21 mars 1899 délimita le Soudan anglo-égyptien et le Congo français. De 1900 à 1919, la France s'occupa des imperfections des tracés. Les traités franco-belges des 23 décembre 1908 et 27 avril 1911 déterminèrent les frontières du Congo-Oubangui. Les accords franco-britanniques des 8 avril 1904 et 29 mai 1906 fixèrent les limites sur le lac Tchad. Les frontières franco-allemandes du Ngoko-Sangha-Lac Tchad furent rectifiées par le traité du 18 avril 1908. Mais les accords des 4 novembre 1911 et 28 septembre 1912 enlevèrent momentanément une partie des possessions françaises. Au Ouadai-Darfor, les accords franco-britanniques des 8 septembre 1919 et 21 janvier 1924 établirent les frontières. Les prétentions italiennes s'élevèrent entre les guerres. Le traité de Rome délimita les frontières Tchad-Libye. Néanmoins, l'acte fut dénoncé. Le traité de 1947 créera la confusion. L'intangibilité des frontières africaines s'explique par la neutralisation d'un déclenchement de conflits en chaines, néfastes au développement. Toutefois, quelques réajustements limités, des assouplissements ou dépassement du problème seraient aussi des facteurs de développement, de paix
5
Fedangai, Jean. "Genèse et évolution des frontières africaines contemporaines les frontières de l'Afrique équatoriale française, 1885-1945." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597561b.
Full text
6
O'Neal, Jonathon P. "NATIVISM AND THE DECLINE IN CIVIL LIBERTIES: REACTIONS OF WHITE AMERICA TOWARD THE JAPANESE IMMIGRANTS, 1885-1945." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2055.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.Title from screen (viewed on February 1, 2010). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Michael Snodgrass, Kevin Cramer, Marianne S. Wokeck. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-174).
7
Yun-Han, Min Hie. "L'art de Sonia Delaunay : le simultaneisme en tant que "l'art dans la vie" relation entre peinture et arts décoratifs 1910-1941." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080991.
Full textAbstract:
Cette etude sur sonai delaunay est une tentative d'approche de son art par rapport a la notion d'art total. Nous avons choisi de nous en tenir a la periode entre 1910 et 1941 - celle de la vie commune de sonia et robert. Le memoire est constitue de trois parties. La premiere traite de la genese de la peinture de sonia delaunay, des influences chromatique s qui l'ont amenee au simultaneisme. La deuxieme partie est consacre a l'art de sonia delaunay dans la vie quotidienne, notamment les robes et les tissus. Dans cette perspective, a travers une observation de la forme, de la couleur et du mouvement, une analyse comparative est faite des creations en peinture et en arts decoratifs de sonia delaunay. La troisieme partie aborde directement la problematique essentielle pour saisir dans quelle mesure l'art de sonia delaunay. Parvient a se realiser comme une forme d'art total a travers ses creations interdisciplinaires. Ce qui donne son unite a l'art total de sonia delaunay c'est la lumiere de la couleur qui lie souplement les arts particuliers les uns aux autres et les amene a de nouvelles expressions. Le simultane en constitue le denomitaeur commun, a partir duquel peut se degager une conception nouvelle de l'unite et de la totalite, mots cles de sa creation et de ces conceptions.
8
Benoist, Joseph-Roger de. "Les relations entre l'administration coloniale et les missions catholiques au Soudan français et en Haute-Volta de 1885 à 1945." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070012.
Full text
9
Martin, Caroline. "Memoir and memory : the papers of a pre-war German - Alfred Huhnhäuser, 1885 to 1950." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24389.
Full textAbstract:
The personal archive of Dr Alfred Huhnhäuser (1885-1950), a German civil servant, is examined with regard to this thesis. The archive consists of an unfinished personal memoir, Aus einem reichen Leben, five chapters of a political memoir concerning Huhnhäuser's time in Norway during the German occupation, publications edited by Huhnhäuser and other personal documents. A full catalogue of the contents of the archive has been included in this thesis. An attempt has been made to identify the significance of the Huhnhäuser archive within a literary framework and, therefore, a brief analysis of the study of autobiographical writings has been undertaken. The importance of the archive within the context of social history has also been stressed, for Huhnhäuser was an "ordinary" German and not one of the Great and the Good. The personal memoirs operate on three levels - personal, worldstage and cultural- and extracts from the archive have been used to illustrate this. A brief historical summary of events in Norway prior to and immediately after the German occupation is given in order to place the events described by Huhnhäuser in context. The contents of the personal and political memoirs are summarized and analyzed in this thesis. Recurring themes are identified and examined. Perhaps the most significant is Huhnhäuser's repeated claim that he is an inherently ''unpolitisches We sen". Evidence has been obtained from the Bundesarchiv in Berlin which proves that Huhnhäuser joined the NSDAP on 1 May 1933. Huhnhäuser does not refer in the memoirs to his membership of this party, claiming instead that he has never voluntarily been involved in party politics. A second volume of materials has been included in this thesis in order to provide more detailed information as regards to the composition and contents of the archive. Extracts from the memoirs and letters have also been selected.
10
Monteil, Rachel. ""Chi sono?" Aldo Palazzeschi (1885-1974) : une vie entre prose et poésie." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040426.
Full textAbstract:
Les neufs chapitres qui constituent les trois parties de notre recherche consacrée à l'œuvre de Palazzeschi (la période symboliste, la période futuriste, les œuvres de la maturité et de la vieillesse) se proposent de démontrer que, en alternant écriture poétique et écriture en prose, Palazzeschi oscille entre continuité et rupture. On reconnaîtra un rôle de transition à son roman épistolaire. En effet, :riflessi (1908) s'inscrit dans le sillage des premiers recueils poétiques - I Cavalli Bianchi (1905), Lanterna (1907) - et dépasse certains topoi symbolistes tout en affichant, dans sa deuxième partie, une orientation ludique confirmée dans Poemi (1909). Rédigé à l'époque futuriste de Palazzeschi, le deuxième roman, Il Codice di Perelà (1911), lui aussi ancré à la fable "crépusculaire", évoque les préceptes de Marinetti largement présents dans les recueils poétiques L'Incendiario (1910) et L'Incendiario (1913). Le scepticisme de Palazzeschi compromet toutefois l'avenir des théories avant-gardistes dans sa prose et sa poésie. Le développement, dans les nouvelles, du type du buffo est alors décisif pour l'auteur florentin qui se détourne de la poésie ; les romans de la maturité, à mi-chemin du réalisme et du fantastique font donc l'objet d'une analyse spécifique. Enfin, après avoir montré que les nouveaux romans de Palazzeschi, chaleureusement accueillis par la néo-avant-garde, n'échappent pas à la répétition, on analyse ses derniers recueils poétiques - Cuor mio (1968), Via delle cento stelle (1972) -, une sorte de rétrospective et de dernier hommage à la poésieIn the nine chapters which form the three parts of our research dedicated to Palazzeschi's work (the symbolistic period, the futuristic period and his late works). We will attempt to prove that, by alternating poetry and prose, Palazzeschi is always between continuity and break. We will show that his epistolary novel plays a transitory role since :riflessi is in the wake of his first collections of poems - I Cavalli Bianchi (1905), Lanterna (1907) - but goes further than some of the symbolistic topoi and, in its second part, introduces irony : this novelty can also be found in Poemi (1909). Written during Palazzeschi's futuristic period, his second novel, Il Codice di Perelà (1911), also rooted in the "crepuscular fable", evokes Marinetti's tenets, which are evident throughout the collections of poems L'Incendiario (1910) and L'Incendiario (1913). However, Palazzeschi's scepticism jeopardizes the future of the avant-gardist theories in his works of prose and poetry. The development of the buffo type in short stories represents a watershed for Palazzeschi who turns away from poetry : his late novels, a mixture of realism and fantasy, are the subject of another analysis. After showing that his last novels, warmly received by the new avant-garde, don't escape repetition, we will analyse his last collections of poems - Cuor mio (1968), Via delle cento stelle (1972) - which represent a kind of retrospective and a last tribute paid to poetry
11
Brüning, Franziska. "La France et Heinrich Brüning : un chancelier allemand dans la perception française." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL013.
Full textAbstract:
Le rôle de Brüning dans les dernières années de la République de Weimar est un sujet classique de l’historiographie allemande, laquelle envisage principalement les contraintes qui ont conditionné sa politique, et les marges de manœuvre qui lui étaient offertes. Ces études révèlent de manière frappante que si la France a poursuivi une véritable politique de blocage à l’égard de Brüning, celui-ci n’a, pour sa part, pas fait preuve de la même habileté diplomatique que Stresemann. Ainsi ces deux attitudes ont-elles contribué, en dépit de Locarno, à une nouvelle dégradation des relations franco-allemandes. Mais dans l’angle mort des problèmes politiques etc. Une question centrale n’a pas été posée : comment les Français ont-ils jugé ce chancelier et cette image a-t-elle influencé les relations politiques entre les deux pays ? Le champ de recherche des relations internationales, qui prend en compte des facteurs tels que les images et l’imaginaire, a fourni les méthodes à l’aide desquelles nous avons pu examiner la thématique de l’influence de l’opinion publique sur la politique extérieure. Notre analyse a montré que toute la France a partagé à l’égard de Brüning un même imaginaire. Nous avons pu constater que Brüning a réveillé les anciennes peurs de l’Allemagne et que la France manquait d’une conception politique univoque. Les méthodes diplomatiques de Brüning et la méconnaissance du danger national-socialiste ont contribué au fait que des arguments d’ordre émotionnel et culturel ont pu légitimer les prises de position françaises en politique extérieure. C’est seulement avec la connaissance de ces éléments que nous pouvons prendre une juste mesure des relations franco-allemandesThe political role of Brüning is a classic topic mainly within German historical science. Research questions usually focus on his political options and constraints regarding domestic as well as foreign relations levels. It becomes apparent that France’s policy toward Brüning can be best described as a blockade policy. Brüning did not possess the diplomatic skills of Stresemann. As a result, despite the Locarno Agreement, both countries contributed to the deterioration of French-German relations. Research on France’s policy toward Germany usually centers on political, economical or strategic aspects. A crucial question in this context has thus far been omitted: How did the French assess the chancellor and how did this image of Brüning influence France’s policy toward Germany? The methodical approach in this paper is derived from research on international relations. This separate branch within historical science deals with the impact of images and perceptions on international relations and provides a theoretical framework for research on the difficult question of the influence of public opinion on the formulation of foreign policies. Our analysis shows that the whole of France shared a common perception of Brüning. It becomes evident that Brüning revived old French fears of Germany and that France lacked a consistent strategy for dealing with its neighbor. The Brüning government’s methods with regard to foreign affairs and the underestimating of the national socialist danger in France contributed to a situation where emotionally and culturally loaded reasoning within the French political discourse became the basis for the formulation of the foreign policy alignment
12
Brahamcha-Marin, Jordi. "La réception critique de la poésie de Victor Hugo en France (1914-1944)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA3006/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse étudie la réception critique de la poésie de Hugo en France entre 1914 et 1944. Elle se fonde sur une conception large et englobante de la « réception critique ». Ainsi, elle envisage la manière dont l’œuvre poétique hugolienne est reproduite et diffusée (dans des éditions savantes, des éditions populaires bon marché, des livres de luxe, des manuels scolaires, des anthologies…) ou fait l’objet d’adaptations (mises en musique, parodies et pastiches) ainsi que les discours tenus sur la poésie de Hugo, que ceux-ci émanent d’universitaires, d’écrivains et intellectuels, de journalistes, de militants, d’hommes politiques, etc. En mobilisant un corpus riche et varié, en confrontant des démarches critiques provenant de champs très différents, notre travail fait apparaître quelques problématiques récurrentes.Celles-ci sont notamment relatives au statut de Hugo comme auteur patrimonial, à la centralité de la poésie dans son œuvre (et en particulier à la centralité des trois grands recueils de l’exil, Les Châtiments, Les Contemplations, La Légende des siècles), aux lectures et aux appropriations politiques auxquelles cette poésie donne lieu, à la manière de situer Hugo dans l’histoire de la poésie française (selon les cas, aux côtés de Lamartine et Musset ou aux côtés de Baudelaire, Rimbaud et Mallarmé). Au-delà du seul cas Hugo, notre travail jette aussi quelques éclairages sur la place de la poésie dans l’imaginaire du premier XXe siècle et sur la manière dont cette période se définit par rapport à un double héritage poétique, « romantique » et « moderne »This dissertation studies the critical reception of the poetry of Victor Hugo in France over the period 1914-1944. Relying on an inclusive conception of “critical reception”, it considers the way in which Hugo’s poetic work was reproduced and circulated (in scholarly editions and cheap popular editions, in luxury books and school textbooks, in poem collections...) or adapted (turned into parody or pastiche and set to music by various composers). It also looks at the many discourses that were held on Hugo’s poetry, whether by academics, professional writers and intellectuals, journalists, political men and activists, etc. Drawing on an extensive corpus and a wide range of sources, confronting methodological approaches borrowed from different study fields, our work helps to throw light on Hugo’s importance as an integral part of French cultural heritage; on the centrality of poetry (especially of the three major collections published while Hugo was in exile, Les Châtiments, Les Contemplations, La Légende des siècles) within his work; on the political readings and the political uses that were made of Hugo’s poetry; on the competing ways of categorising Hugo’s work within French poetry and among French poets, as a Romantic akin to Lamartine and Musset or as a modernist equated with Baudelaire, Rimbaud and Mallarmé. Beyond the sole case of Hugo, our dissertation also sheds light on the importance of poetry in the imagination of the early 20th century, and on the way in which the literature of the period sought to define itself in relation to a two-fold poetic legacy, that of romanticism and that of modernism
13
Fiałkiewicz-Saignes, Anna. "L'oeuvre romanesque de Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz dans le contexte des littératures européennes (1909-1939)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040138.
Full textAbstract:
Les romans de S. I. Witkiewicz (Les 622 chutes de Bungo, L'adieu à l'automne, L'inassouvissement, L'unique issue) ont bénéficié dans le discours critique polonais d'un statut ambigu : celui d'œuvres majeures mais imparfaites, à la fois modernes et anachroniques. Ce travail entreprend de montrer que les romans de Witkiewicz sont des œuvres cohérentes, dans lesquelles une forme originale traduit une expérience particulière du monde, expérience semblable à celle qui sous-tend les œuvres des romanciers européens qui ont, à la même époque, remis en cause une conception traditionnelle de la prose narrative (Proust, Musil, Mann, V. Woolf, Joyce. . . ) et que la critique de langue anglaise rassemble sous le label de "moderniste". L'approche comparatiste permet de montrer que les romans de Witkiewicz naissent d'une appréhension semblable des premières décennies du XXème siècle, comme époque charnière, emportée par une dynamique au sens inconnu qui balaie schémas de pensée et systèmes de valeurs ; il importe alors de retrouver ailleurs la cohérence qui a définitivement déserté l'expérience vécue. Pour les héros de Witkiewicz, la philosophie pourrait constituer ce dernier retranchement de l'unité et tous cherchent à transformer leur vécu confus en enchainement rigoureux de concepts, ce qui s'avère pourtant impossible car le langage n'est pas à la hauteur de la tâche. Dès lors la voie est ouverte aux jeux avec les mots et les concepts, autant de procédés qui assurent à l'écriture de Witkiewicz son originalité et garantissent ainsi la réussite de l'entreprise romanesqueThe novels of S. I. Witkiewicz have received, in the polish critical tradition, an ambiguous status: that of major but imperfect, both modern and anachronic works. This works undertakes to show that Witkiewicz's novels are coherent works, in which an original form conveys a peculiar experience of the world, similar to the experience which underlies the works of European novelists who have, at the same time, challenged the traditional conception of narrative (Proust, Musil, Mann, V. Woolf, Joyce. . . ) and whom the English-language critics gather as "modernists". The comparatist approach makes it possible to show that Witkiewicz's novels spring from a similar apprehension of the first decades of the XXth century, seen as a turning point, carried by dynamics with a still unknown meaning, which sweep away thinking schemes and systems of values; it is then important to find elsewhere the coherence which has definitely deserted the reality. For Witkiewicz's heroes, philosophy might be that last entrenchment of unity, and all of them search for a way of turning their confused living into a rigorous chain of concepts, which is however impossible because the language is not sufficient for this task. A breach is therefore open for plays on words and concepts, which make the originality of Witkiewicz's writing and guarantee the success of his Romanesque enterprise
14
Frabetti, Anna. ""Le magicien italien " : Pirandello et le théâtre français dans les années vingt et trente." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040159.
Full textAbstract:
Au début des années vingt, la France découvre le théâtre de Luigi Pirandello. Son traducteur, Benjamin Crémieux, se charge de la médiation de cette dramaturgie. Sa lecture critique de Pirandello contribue d'une manière décisive à sa réception. Également importante est la “lecture” régistique de Georges Pitoëff : sa création des Six personnages en quête d'auteur en 1923 ouvre une nouvelle saison du théâtre italien en France. Il s'agit pour l'auteur italien d'une rencontre qui marque aussi un tournant dans sa réflexion sur la pratique du théâtre. S'il avait toujours refusé d'accorder une valeur artistique à la mise en scène, cela était dû à son expérience d'auteur et au retard du théâtre italien dans ce domaine. La rencontre avec le monde du théâtre français, avec Pitoëff notamment, aide Pirandello à se rapprocher des théories de la régie et à devenir à son tour metteur en scène de 1925 à 1928 à la tête de son Teatro d'Arte. La gloire française de Pirandello s'estompe rapidement : depuis 1924, les relations politiques entre l'Italie et la France sont devenues plus difficiles, ce qui n'est pas sans conséquences sur les échanges culturels. Après 1925, le succès de Pirandello en France fera place à un sentiment de lassitude à son égard, nourri par des accusations de cérébralisme, relayées par la critique et la presse de l'époque. Son théâtre continue d'être représenté, mais ce ne sera qu'en 1934, après l'attribution du Prix Nobel, que Pirandello renouera avec le triomphe. Le succès de la mise en scène de Ce soir on improvise (dans l'adaptation de Pirandello, Crémieux et Pitoëff), en 1935, marque la dernière étape du parcours français du dramaturge, de son vivantAt the beginning of the 1920s, France discovered the theatre of Luigi Pirandello. His translator, Benjamin Crémieux, had taken on the task of promoting his work. Crémieux's critical readings of Pirandello would contribute decisively toward its acceptance. Equally important was the stage direction of Georges Pitoëff : his premiere of Six personnages en quête d'auteur in 1923 would open a new era of Italian theatre in France. For the Italian author, it was a juncture which would mark a turning point in his thinking with respect to the practice of theatre. If he had heretofore refused to recognize the artistic value of stage direction, it was due to his own experience as an author and to the backwardness of Italian theatre in this domain. His encounter with the realm of French theatre, and especially with Pitoëff, would help Pirandello to reconcile himself with the theories of stage direction and, in turn, to become director from 1925 to 1928 at the helm of his own Teatro d'Arte. Pirandello's fame in France soon faded: from 1924 on, Italy and France entered a difficult period in their political relations, not without adverse consequences for cultural exchange. After 1925, Pirandello's success in France would be replaced by a certain weariness, resulting from accusations of intellectualism fomented by the critics and press of the time. His theatre continued to be performed, but it would only be in 1934, after receiving the Nobel Prize, that Pirandello's early triumph would be renewed. The success of the performance of Ce soir on improvise (in the adaptation of Pirandello, Crémieux and Pitoëff), in 1935, marked the final stage of the playwright's French career
15
Gayraud, Irène. "Chants orphiques européens : Valéry, Rilke, Trakl, Apollinaire, Campana et Goll, entre mythe et poétique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040213.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse interroge le sens du mythe orphique dans la poésie de six auteurs européens du début du XXe siècle (Valéry, Rilke, Trakl, Apollinaire, Campana, Goll), et le sens de la poésie orphique dans la modernité. En partant du double constat d’une crise de la Weltanschauung signant la désertion de la transcendance et du sens, et d’une crise du langage héritée de Mallarmé, cette thèse définit la poésie orphique comme une tentative de ré-enchantement visant à refonder la place de l’être dans le monde, le sens de la mort et la profondeur ontologique de la poésie. La thèse pose la question de l’unité ou de l’éclatement d’un lyrisme orphique moderne. Elle propose une mise au point historique sur les sources de l’orphisme jusqu’au début du XXe siècle, puis un parcours analysant le passage de la mythologie à des poétiques orphiques parfois opposées dans leur aboutissement (réharmonisation de soi et du monde, catabase sans fin, démembrement du sujet, incarnation par l’orphisme de l’idée d’une poésie parfaitement composée). Cette thèse s’attache aussi à définir l’orphisme dans ses dimensions musicales et picturales, interroge les liens entre orphisme et union des arts, et étudie la langue musicalisée et picturalisée des poètes, ainsi que plusieurs œuvres vocales et plastiques (Honegger, Poulenc, Webern, Weill, Delaunay, Dufy, Klee, De Chirico). Enfin, considérant le mythe selon sa dimension fondatrice d’une manière d’être au monde, cette thèse envisage la poésie orphique du début du XXe siècle comme le signe et le moyen d’un désir de retour à une forme de rapport mythique au monde où l’être, dans le chant, coïnciderait avec le sacré et avec le dicibleThis thesis examines the meaning of the myth of Orpheus in the poetical works of six early twentieth century European poets, and the meaning of Orphic poetry within a context of modernity. Having taken into account a twofold crisis, both of the Weltanschauung – revealing that any sense, or transcendent reference, is missing – and of language (Mallarmé’s legacy), this thesis defines Orphic poetry as an attempt to re-enchant the world, in order to give new roots to the being, a new meaning to death, and a new ground to settle poetry’s ontological depth. The thesis tries to determine if such a lyricism is unique or manifold. It makes a historical mise au point from the sources of Orphism up to the twentieth century; then, it tries to describe the transformation of mythological elements into poetical principles – from which may even have issued contradictory achievements (setting back harmonious links between the world and the self; endless katabasis; dismemberment of the I; Orphic embodiment of a perfect poetry). Our thesis also tries to describe how Orphism is conveyed through music and painting: it questions the link between Orphism and the union of the arts, and studies the poet’s music-like and picture-like language, as well as some vocal or painted works (Honegger, Poulenc, Webern, Weill, Delaunay, Dufy, Klee, De Chirico). At last, as it considers myth as the settling of a new way of being-in-the-world, this thesis pictures early 20th century Orphic poetry both as the symptom and the way of a desire to get back some kind of mythical relationship to the world, in which the being, the sacred and the sayable, through the poetical song, would prove coextensive
16
Blandin, Claire. "Le Figaro littéraire (1946-1971) : vie d'un hebdomadaire politique et littéraire." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0039.
Full text
17
Greenlees, Donald. "The Origins of Nonalignment: Great Power Competition and Indonesian Foreign Policy 1945-1965." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147895.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy, specifically
its alignment behavior, in the 20 years after it declared
independence in 1945. It investigates the origins of
Indonesia’s enduring bebas-aktif (independent and active)
foreign policy and its manifestation in an official policy of
neutrality and then nonalignment during the Cold War. It then
follows the evolution of alignment policy via Indonesia’s
interactions with the great powers of the era – the USA, the
Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. The case study
period provides a detailed account of a series of episodes that
engaged the Cold War’s great powers, including the Asia- Africa
conference, US-sponsored regional rebellions in Indonesia, the
campaign to wrest control of West New Guinea, and the attempt to
“crush” the formation of Malaysia under a policy of
Konfrontasi.
In trying to account for patterns in Indonesian alignment, the
thesis challenges conventional approaches to alignment that
explain changing behavior as purely a response to either the
capability or intentions of other powers. Instead of seeing
alignment as the result of a balance of power or a balance of
threat, the thesis finds that Indonesia’s alignment policy
during the period is better understood as a balance of risk
between competing domestic and international demands and
objectives. Policymakers are viewed as placing especially high
priority on maintaining policy autonomy, which they compromise
only when the objective that alignment serves is regarded as
critical to the state.
The analysis highlights a deep vein of Realpolitik and pragmatism
in Indonesia’s alignment behavior, which prompted it to abandon
neutrality when the international and domestic objectives of
policymakers outweighed their commitment to the bebas-aktif
policy. But the thesis found Indonesia’s most common approach
to alignment was the use of a range of ‘smart’ strategies
designed to maximise the benefits and minimise the risks of
alignment. The principal risks could be placed in two categories:
first, the risk of losing policy autonomy and, second, the risk
of alignment choice provoking a domestic or international
backlash. The thesis also reviewed methods of analysing decisions
under conditions of risk. Comparing a rational actor model with a
psychological model of choice, it found policymakers were prone
to depart from the precepts of rational choice under conditions
of crisis and uncertainty when the risk of critical loss to the
state was is high.
18
Rodriguez, Ismael. "George S. Patton Jr. and the Lost Cause Legacy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699940/.
Full textAbstract:
Historians have done their duty in commemorating an individual who was, as Sidney Hook’s Hero in History would describe, an “event making-man.” A myriad of works focused on understanding the martial effort behind George S. Patton Jr. from his ancestral lineage rooted in military tradition to his triumph during the Second World War. What is yet to be understood about Patton, however, is the role that the Civil War played in his transformation into one of America’s iconic generals. For Patton, the Lost Cause legacy, one that idealized the image of the Confederate soldier in terms of personal honor, courage, and duty, became the seed for his preoccupation for glory.
19
Gugelot, Frédéric. "Conversions au catholicisme en milieu intellectuel : 1885-1935." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20013.
Full textAbstract:
Entre 1885 et 1935, un mouvement de conversion au catholicisme se dessine au sein du milieu intellectuel. Il est surtout compose d'ecrivains et d'artistes. Un optimum est atteint entre 1905 et 1915. La fin de la grande guerre montre un etiage du mouvement. Il retrouve un second souffle apres 1925. Isole, les premiers convertis des annees 1880-1890 offrent a ceux qui les suivent un indeniable soutien qui se traduit dans nombre de cheminements. L'amitie, au depart litteraire, devient ainsi un vecteur de la foi. Les oeuvres des convertis participent de leur influence. Des milieux se constituent qui accueillent et favorisent le parcours vers le catholicisme. Bloy etablit autour de lui une veritable famille liee par les liens du parrainage. Claudel met en place avec d'autres une cooperative de prieres qui cree une sociabilite specifique a des convertis. Il s'appuie sur la remise en cause du positivisme dominant et sur le refus elitiste de l'evolution du monde intellectuel qui s'ouvre alors de facon plus large a d'autres categories sous l'influence de l'engagement des intellectuels dans le combat politique. Melant conceptions reactionnaires du monde et integrisme catholique, ces convertis participent neanmoins des avants-gardes culturelles du debut du siecleBetween 1885 and 1935, a mouvement of conversion to catholicism can be see among french intellectuals, specially writers and artists. The highest point was between 1905 and 1915. A second impulse appears after 1925. The first converted by themselves, then they offered to the next ones help and guidance for their conversion. Friendship and works became ways to faith. They refused positivism and the modification of the social background of intellectual life, were engaged in a strong traditional catholicism but in the same time, took part in avant-garde ideas
20
Wilfert-Portal, Blaise. "Paris, la France et le reste. . . : importations littéraires et nationalisme culturel en France, 1885-1930." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010596.
Full textAbstract:
A partir d'une étude bibliométrique des traductions, d'une biographie collective des traducteurs et commentateurs des littératures étrangères, et d'un corpus de préfaces, d'articles et de synthèses portant sur les littératures étrangères, cette thèse établit que le champ intellectuel français des années 1880-1935 connut, du fait de l'importation littéraire, une transformation en profondeur, dont le surgissement dans l'espace public des écrivains nationalistes fut un signe frappant. Suscitant des réactions violentes et accélérant la crise du modernisme, l'importation s'institutionnalisa comme un système de production de la différence, qui contribua à la nationalisation du débat intellectuel et à la consécration de la figure de 1 'homme de lettres spécialiste de l'esprit des peuples, ce qui contribua décisivement à la puissance d'attraction de Paris comme capitale culturelle, non pas de la littérature autonome, mais comme modèle de la littérature nationale, susceptible d'attirer. Ceux des écrivains qui souhaitaient nationaliser leur littérature.
21
Foulon, Anne-Cécile. "Munich " ville d'art " vers 1900 : des mouvements d'art à l'édition d'art : l'exemple des éditions Bruckmann et de leurs revues d'art, de Die Kunst für Alle à Die Kunst." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040126.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche est consacré à Munich, " ville d'art ", vers 1900, dont il étudie l'effervescence de ses mouvements artistiques, marquée par les sécessions et les avant-gardes. Il cherche à déterminer dans quelle mesure Munich fut un point de cristallisation du passage à la modernité. Il se penche, par ailleurs, sur la mise en place d'une nécessaire logistique de propagation des idées nouvelles. Un des aspects essentiels en fut le développement exceptionnel de l'édition, notamment artistique, et la création d'un large éventail de revues d'art, véritables tribunes d'expression et de critique, à la fois symptômes de l'époque et miroirs de l'esprit du temps. L'exemple de l'éditeur F. Bruckmann, pionnier en matière d'édition d'art, illustrera notre propos. Son engagement sans réserve pour les arts, combiné à une grande exigence de qualité, une volonté de démocratisation de l'art et d'éducation populaire, caractérisa sa politique éditoriale et conduisit l'éditeur à mettre progressivement en place toute une palette de revues modernes d'art, de Die Kunst für Alle à Die Kunst, en passant par Dekorative Kunst et son homologue français L'Art décoratif. L'étude de ces revues nous permettra de pénétrer encore davantage les tendances artistiques de l'époque et leur problématique. En outre, elle aidera à déterminer leur importance en tant que médias et facteurs culturels indépendants dans l'Allemagne wilhelmienneThis study focuses on Munich as a "city of the arts" about 1900. Foremost it takes a closer look at the variety of art movements marked by the secessions and avant-gardes. It also deals with the question of to what extent Munich may be considered a centre of modern art. Besides this the treatise concentrates on the development of logistics necessary for the spreading of new artistic ideas, logistics mainly characterized by the existence of an extraordinary number of art publishers and the foundation of a host of art magazines which were genuine media of expression and criticism, symptoms of their time and simultaneously reflecting the zeitgeist. Our thoughts are then illustrated by the example of the pioneer art publisher F. Bruckmann. His unconditional commitment to the arts, his high standard of quality as well as his strong intention to make art popular and encourage the art education are characteristic of his publishing policy and gradually made him create a great variety of art magazines: Die Kunst für Alle, Dekorative Kunst as well as their French pendant L'Art décoratif and finally Die Kunst. In dealing with these art magazines, the art movements at the turn from the 19th to the 20th century and their problematical nature are even better revealed. Add to this, the study tries to find out about the importance of art magazines as media in their own right and the cultural factors in Germany in the era of Emperor William II
22
Deas, Megan Elizabeth. "Imagining Australia: Community, participation and the 'Australian Way of Life' in the photography of the Australian Women's Weekly, 1945-1956." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148424.
Full textAbstract:
While the cultural history and practices of press photography in Australia have gained scholarly attention in recent years, the contribution of other forms of photography published in magazines—including editorial, advertising and readers’ photographs—to burgeoning concepts of nationhood has been largely overlooked. This thesis examines the role of photography in visualising a post-war ‘imagined community’ in a study of The Australian Women’s Weekly magazine, the highest-circulating weekly publication in the country, between the end of the Second World War in 1945 and the introduction of television in 1956. In its examination of these photographs, the thesis asks: What narratives of national identity were evident in the photographs? What subject matter and framing techniques were frequently employed to construct a national photographic language? And what does this reveal about the values the Weekly’s publisher and editors attached to being Australian? I argue that the Weekly was not passively depicting or reflecting a national community and its ‘Way of Life’, but that it actively constructed an Australian identity through the thousands of photographs it published, while simultaneously instructing its readers what good citizenship looked like—and how to perform their belonging to the nation. Visual analysis of over 200 photographs highlights the predominant narratives during the period, including an emphasis on the practice of family photography to reinforce ideals of urban, family life as centred within the modern home. Representations of immigration and Aboriginal Australians, the repetition of photographs of families participating in community events, and a valorisation of the rural worker’s relationship with the land were intertwined with the concepts of ordinariness and of the ‘Australian Way of Life’. These core ideals were deployed to enable multiple and potentially oppositional narratives to coexist on the pages of the magazine. Analysis of a series of readers’ colour travel photographs published in the later years of the study foregrounds the Weekly’s encouragement of its readers as collaborators by providing them with an opportunity to demonstrate their performance of national identity. The magazine thus became a platform through which readers contributed to the visual narrative of Australianness, via the medium of photography as a form of participatory citizenship. The thesis foregrounds the implementation of a high-speed printing press in 1950 as a turning point at which readers saw a significant increase in the publication of colour photographs of native flora and fauna, and specifically photographs of ordinary Australians within the landscape. I argue that Alice Jackson and Esme Fenston, the Weekly’s editors during the period of study, positioned it as the mediator of knowledge about Australia, and constructed a relationship with readers based on notions of intimacy and authority. Situated within the multidisciplinary field of visual culture, and drawing from photography studies, visual anthropology, cultural history and media studies, the thesis highlights the cultural work of photography in the process of imaging, and imagining, post-war Australia.
23
Sutherland, Johanna. "The construction of "hegemony" in selected nuclear nonproliferation "regime" literature." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/132086.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyses several articles by Professor Joseph Nye Jr. and one by doctoral
candidate Roger Smith. Those articles analyse international and domestic nuclear arms
control and disarmament policies within the framework of 'regime theory'. The thesis
uses a methodology derived eclectically from various postmodern and postructural
analysts, and in particular adapts ideas from Derrida and Foucault.
The thesis argues that Nye and Smith's work exemplify western 'security' discourse
which has a narrative structure that is super-power centric, and in particular U.S.- centric,
as is now common in mainstream international relations journals. They tend to reproduce
a particular discursive formation: that of a constructed U.S. dominance, or hegemony,
regarding the formation (Nye), boundaries and elements (Nye and Smith), and
maintenance (Nye and Smith) of the nuclear nonproliferation 'regime' (hereafter NNPR).
The role of 'learning' within regime theory is also 'critically' reviewed.
The thesis challenges this discourse by identifying the hierarchical oppositions on which
it relies, the rhetorical devices which ground the argument, and the contradictions within
the texts which undermine their conclusions. The meanings attributed to terms and their
reflection of ideological and conceptual values are also examined to show how they
'ground' the text to a coherent meaning or conceptual hierarchy.
The sub-thesis concludes with a brief prospective assessment of the regime. It suggests
that although Nye's and Smith's liberal 'regime' theory is correct in identifying the
potential feedback effect of 'regimes' on domestic state politics and international social
movements, these dynamics do not yet occupy their proper place in their work. The
extent to which current developments within the regime accord with theoretical
expectations is also examined and doubts are raised about the role and effect of learning
and of hegemonic decline.
24
Dibb, Paul. "The Soviet Union : the incomplete superpower." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145691.
Full text
25
Hannan, Agnes F. "All out! : the effects of evacuation and land acquisition on the Darwin Chinese 1941-1954." Thesis, Monash University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/274382.
Full textAbstract:
Chinese migration to the Northern Territory began in 1874 when 186
Chinese arrived from Singapore.l Several factors were responsible for the
introduction of Chinese labour into South Australia's Northern Territory.
First of all the South Australian government was determined to make a
success of developing the tropical north, control of which it assumed in
1863 after Royal Letters Patent added its 520,000 square miles to South
Australia.
26
Prawiradinata, Muhamad Salmun. "Stability, elites and development policy in the new order Indonesia 1966-1983." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111321.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most striking characteristics of Third World countries is
political instability. Although not all Third World states are politically unstable,
witness for example Saudi Arabia and Nepal, many nations of both
democratic and authoritarian leanings have experienced strong political
challenges in maintaining established political order and national unity. These
political challenges can take the forms of mass demonstration, riots or even
coups.
27
Hall, Robert Anthony. "The relationship between Aborigines, Islanders and armed forces in the Second World War." Phd thesis, University of New South Wales, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/267261.
Full text
28
Ferranti, Richard de. "Evatt and the Manus Negotiations." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112094.
Full textAbstract:
Most histories of Australian-American relations in
the period immediately after the war mention, at least in
passing, the curious phenomenon of Australia at tempting to
bargain with the United States over the US’ rights to use a
base which the Americans themselves had built on Australian
mandated territory in the process of beating back the
Japanese from Australian shores. Manus Island, previously shrouded in obscruity, became the focus of an extended debate both in parliament and in the press over the state of Australia's relations with the USA and whether or not Dr. Evatt's 'wheeling and dealing' on the matter had contributed to a perceived deterioration in the Australian-US relationship, considered to have been so close during the war.
29
Roux, Alexandra. "Présence, formes et enjeux du démoniaque dans le roman catholique de l’entre-deux-guerres (François Mauriac, Georges Bernanos, Julien Green)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0035/document.
Full textAbstract:
La littérature de l’entre-deux-guerres est un bouillonnement de genres très différents, et c’est dans cette effervescence que surgit la figure du démoniaque. Atteints d’un nouveau « mal du siècle », de nombreux écrivains – le plus souvent catholiques – mettent en scène le mal sous l’apparence de personnages démoniaques. Si nous nous sommes tournés vers François Mauriac, Georges Bernanos et Julien Green et avons mis l’accent sur quelques-unes de leurs œuvres précises, c’est parce qu’ils représentent particulièrement bien cette mouvance. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur la nature de ce démoniaque et sur la manière dont il s’inscrit et s’écrit dans leurs romans de cette époque. Influencés par la religion, mais aussi par certains auteurs, Bernanos, Mauriac et Green ont su donner aux motifs caractérisant le démoniaque une dimension nouvelle, particulièrement tragique. Nous avons essayé de définir les rapports complexes qui existent entre le tragique et le démoniaque afin de montrer comment les œuvres de Mauriac, Bernanos et Green participent de ce que Jean-Marie Domenach nomme « le retour du tragique ». Situer nos œuvres dans la lignée du tragique nous permet d’osciller entre excès et incomplétude, déconstruction et unité, crise et équilibre. Dès lors, le motif de l’ambiguïté, qui affecte à la fois la dimension narrative et thématique des récits, apparaît comme l’un des fils d’Ariane reliant les œuvres de Bernanos, Mauriac et Green. Le démoniaque devient source d’une esthétique à part entière : de cette tension entre interrogation et compréhension naissent le surnaturel et l’indicible, seules voies d’accès au démoniaqueThe interwar’s literature is known as a frantic and creative period concerning literary forms, and the demoniac’s figure arises from this effervesence. Suffering from a new « sickness of the century », many writers – most of them as catholics – raise the idea of evil under the guise of demoniac. We chose to turn towards François Mauriac, Georges Bernanos and Julian Green and emphasize some of their works in particular, because they embody this sphere of influence. We wondered about the demonic nature and about the way it was part of the novels they wrote in those days and how it could develop in these novels. Bernanos, Mauriac and Green were influenced by religion as well as by some authors and this gave a new dimension – a particularly tragic one – to the pattern of demonic. We tried to define the complex links between tragic and demonic in order to show how Mauriac, Bernanos and Green’s works are part of what Jean-Marie Domenach calls “the return of the tragic”. By setting these novels in the wake of tragic, we are given the opportunity to swing between excess and non-fulfilment, deconstruction and unity, crisis and balance. Therefore does this pattern of ambiguity – both affecting the narrative and thematic dimension of the novel – appear as one of Ariadne's threads, connecting Bernanos, Mauriac and Green's novels. Demonic thus became the root of a full esthetics : from this tension between questioning and understanding, arose the supernatural and the unspeakable, the only ways to lead us to demoniac
30
Kim, Ji Young. "Security issues on the Korean Peninsula : the impetus for peaceful coexistence in the 1990s." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112066.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation sets out to examine the prospects for security and
peaceful coexistence on the Korean penisula. It must be noted that the research for
the main points of this dissertation was largely completed in 1989-1990, and was
based largely on materials available at that time. Since then, the world's political
picture has changed substantially. The fall of Communism in the Soviet Union and
the great changes in Eastern Europe have therefore meant that some of the
assumptions, particularly those concerning North Korea and its external support,
are no longer as valid as they were when the research for this dissertation was
undertaken. In spite of this, the internal engine of North Korean policy on the
Korean peninsula remains almost unchanged and may remain that way until the end
of Kim II Sung's regime.
31
Jennings, Peter. "New Zealand defence policy under Labour." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/113894.
Full textAbstract:
It is now two and a half years since the United States suspended military co-operation with the Armed Forces of New Zealand (AFNZ) following the Labour Government's refusal to
grant port-access to the USS Buchanan in January 1985. In this thesis I propose to study the
consequences of the breakdown for the AFNZ with a view to establishing exactly what areas of
co-operation have been affected and the significance this has for the professionalism and
capability of the Services. Thus far, very few public studies have been made of the direct military
costs of the ANZUS rift. Most attention has been focused on the state of political relations
between the ANZUS powers. It is however, impossible to make a fully informed judgement about the
merits of the Government's present defence policy of developing closer relations with Australia in
the context of what it claims is a more self-reliant defence posture without some
understanding of the problems that policy seeks to remedy. Accordingly, I hope to
present that necessary background, and from this point will go on to discuss the extent to which
the Government's defence policy addresses itself to the problems generated by the rift with the
United States.
32
Lu, Xiao. "American policy and the downfall of the Nationalist China : a survey of major American historical literature of China's civil war." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112040.
Full textAbstract:
As a so-called Old China Hand, I would suggest to the
new administration that it study with great sincerity of
purpose the idea that we "lost" China. It has been a phony
idea all along peddled by the China Lobby. Let's drop it.
Then and only then can the administration ... begin to evolve
and pursue an objective and, we hope, effective policy
regarding China.
33
Bridges, Lee H. (Lee Hammond). "Anti-Semitism and Der Sturmer on Trial in Nuremberg, 1945-1946: The Case of Julius Streicher." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279213/.
Full textAbstract:
The central focus of this thesis is to rediscover Julius Streicher and to determine whether his actions merited the same punishment as other persons executed for war crimes. Sources used include Nuremberg Trial documents and testimony, memoirs of Nazi leaders, and other Nazi materials. The thesis includes seven chapters, which cover Streicher's life, especially the prewar decades, his years out of power, and his trial at Nuremberg. The conclusion reached is that Streicher did have some influence on the German people with his anti-Semitic newspaper Der Sturmer, but it is difficult to ascertain whether his speeches and writings contributed directly to the extermination of the Jews in World War II or simply reflected and magnified the anti-Semitism of his culture.
34
Piantoni, Antoine. "Les Poètes fantaisistes, un renouveau de la poésie française au début du XXe siècle ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040217.
Full textAbstract:
Parmi les réponses apportées à la crise du langage définie par Mallarmé, quelle importance peut être accordée à celle des poètes fantaisistes du début du XXe siècle ? Cette thèse propose de réinterroger à nouveaux frais les apports esthétiques d’un groupe pour le moins hétérogène dans le concert des avant-gardes. Il s’agit dans un premier temps de retracer les étapes de la constitution d’une entité collective à l’existence fugace, car la trajectoire du groupe fantaisiste l’apparente à une comète engloutie par le cataclysme de la Grande Guerre. L’approche sociologique, étayée par des archives encore peu exploitées, nous renseigne à la fois sur les prolégomènes d’une expérience commune et les ramifications du souvenir nostalgique longtemps après que le groupe aura cessé d’exister sous sa forme première. Il convient ensuite d’examiner le contenu notionnel de la fantaisie en tant qu’élément fondateur d’une poétique polymorphe qui joint à un respect de la tradition poétique française le refus du dogmatisme et de la théorie. On constate que la fantaisie fonctionne comme un espace vacant qui accueille les spéculations de la critique s’efforçant de pallier le défaut de définition assumé par le groupe, dont la production reste marquée par une indécision entre mélancolie élégiaque et dissonance humoristique. Les poètes fantaisistes proposent-ils une solution à la menace d’obsolescence qui pèse sur la notion de fantaisie ou ne représentent-ils que l’écho d’un phénomène transséculaire dont le dernier avatar se dilue dans le goût du pastiche et de la forgerie ?Among the answers given to the language crisis triggered by Mallarmé, what consideration can we show to the one promoted by the fantaisist poets of early 20th century? This thesis proposes a new reflection on the aesthetical input from a group nothing short of heterogeneous in its composition amid the emergence of literary avant-gardes. First of all, we will recount the steps of the constitution of a short-lived collective entity, as the group’s trajectory is much alike a comet lost in the cataclysm of the Great War. A sociological approach based on seldom browsed archives informs us both about the prolegomena of a collective experience and the ramifications of nostalgic memories long after the group had ceased to exist in its primitive form. We shall then examine the notional content of fantaisie as the primary element of polymorphous poetics which combine respect for the French literary tradition with the rejection of any dogmatism or theory. We observe that fantaisie works as a vacant slate set to welcome speculations from critics who try and compensate the lack of definition claimed by the group, whose production is branded by the hesitation between elegiac melancholy and humoristic dissonance. Do fantaisist poets offer propose a rebuttal to the threat of obsolescence surrounding the very notion of fantaisie or are they only the echo of a centuries-old phenomenon whose last incarnation melts with the appetence for pastiche and forgery?
35
Lahiniriko, Denis. "Les structures politiques à Tananarive : union, unanimisme et divisions partisanes dans la culture politique nationaliste malgache (1945-1958)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010621.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de celle étude est d'analyser le rôle des structures politiques dans l'évolution du contexte politique de l'après-guerre el notamment leur place et leur participation au mouvement d'émancipation pour mieux l'éclairer et le comprendre. Une réflexion temporelle à deux vitesses est adoptée. D'abord, à travers les structures du mouvement revendicatif en privilégiant, dans un premier temps, toute la durée de la période coloniale. La seconde vitesse temporelle est celle des événements. L'objectif est de contribuer à l'étude du nationalisme malgache en abordant une réflexion sur la culture politique nationaliste. Une première partie correspond à la domination du MDRM de la vie politique malgache. On démontrera que dans sa domination, le parti de la Rénovation ne laisse quasiment pas d'espace libre dans le champ politique aux autres partis nationalistes. Notamment au PDM et au MSM. Une seconde partie concerne la période allant de l'insurrection fi la veille de la Loi-Cadre. Caractérisée par le recul des partis politiques comme principal moyen de lutte nationaliste au profit des associations. Enfin une troisième partie est consacrée à la période comprise entre la Loi-Cadre à la formation de la Première République pendant laquelle on assiste à la reformation des partis politiques comme instrument de lutte essentiel dont les nationalistes se servent pour faire aboutir leurs revendications. Elle est marquée également par la division entre ces acteurs politiques dont les conséquences sont lourdes en cette veille de l'indépendance. C'est dans ce sens qu'elle permet de comprendre l'évolution de la culture politique nationaliste qui passe de l'unanimisme à l'unionisme.
36
Trừng, Nguyễn Thanh. "La situation de la femme dans la société du Sud-Vietnam vue à travers la production littéraire des auteurs du terroir de 1858 à 1945 : essai de construction d'une anthropologie culturelle et historique de la Vietnamienne du Sud." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10040.
Full textAbstract:
On constate au Vietnam, qu'il y a une différence entre la femme vietnamienne du Sud et son homologue du Nord. Pourquoi cette différence ? La marche vers le Sud et la partition du Dai Viêt en deux pays distincts ont accentué le clivage culturel entre le Nord et le Sud. L'osmose des cultures, le nouvel environnement sont des éléments contribuant à créer la nouvelle situation de la femme mériodionale. Le mouvement féministe, né de la prédominance de la culture française, conforte cette "domination féminine" relevée dans la création littéraire du Sud. Pour la comprendre, il convient de se tourner vers le passé lointain du peuple viêt, de s'interroger sur le système du matriarcat, dans les temps préhistoriques, dans la société cham et chez les minorités ethniques. L'étude présente tente d'éclairer cette particularité et cette spécificité de la femme du Sud et de comprendre cette différence.
37
Leblond, Aude. "Poétique du roman-fleuve, de Jean-Christophe à Maumort." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714342.
Full textAbstract:
Marquée par la longueur, le réalisme et la lisibilité, l'esthétique du roman-fleuve chez Romain Rolland, Martin du Gard, Jules Romains et Duhamel peut paraître anachronique dans le paysage littéraire de l'entre-deux-guerres. Le roman-fleuve maintient en effet l'ambition démiurgique dans un contexte historique qui semble l'interdire. Trace d'une volonté toujours vivace de créer un livre-monde alors même que les certitudes positivistes s'écroulent, la poétique du roman-fleuve est plus intempestive qu'anachronique : c'est son présent qui rend improbables ses choix esthétiques. Au-delà du traumatisme de la Première Guerre, le roman-fleuve tâche d'élaborer un livre-monde, fût-il précaire ; il travaille à se faire tombeau. Il rend compte des bouleversements de la perception du moi, du temps et de la collectivité - ces éléments qui rendent caduc le paradigme naturaliste, auquel la critique a jusqu'ici rattaché le roman-fleuve. La composition de ce reflet fantomatique de la Belle Époque oscille entre construction et fragmentation. Son dispositif pragmatique conduit à dépasser le postulat mimétique, pour révéler une conception très moderne des pouvoirs de la fiction. Contre le rêve d'un " roman objectif " [Martin du Gard], le roman-fleuve fait émerger un dialogue entre auteur et lecteur. Ce sous-genre se révèle en définitive comme le lieu d'une expérimentation politique, fictionnelle et générique. Invitant le lecteur à reconnaître les interactions multiples entre mondes fictifs et monde réel, il lui permet de distinguer les différentes logiques génériques qui entrent en tension dans le texte. Il appelle ainsi une lecture réflexive et orchestre un apprentissage littéraire.
38
Singh, Bilveer. "Soviet-Indonesian relations, 1945-1986." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11242.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines Soviet-Indonesian relations from 1945 to 1968.The study is placed in the broader context of
Soviet-Third World relations. It analyses the major issues and charts the trends that dominated Soviet-Indonesian relations
during the period under survey.It begins with a background study of Soviet-Indonesian relations from 1917 to 1945.This
is followed by an examination of Soviet policies towards Indonesia under Stalin from August 1945 to March 1953.
The next two chapters examine relations between the two countries under the leadership of Khrushchev,the first tracing
the developments leading to the growing warmth and the second towards the growing chill inrelations. The fifth chapter
examines relations under the Brezhnev-Kosygin leadership.
The thesis ends with a brief summary of Soviet-Indonesian relations from 1945 to 1968,the examination of Soviet gains
and losses and the evaluation of the Soviet experience in Indonesia in the light of its Third World relations. In the main,the study is issue-oriented, and purports
to explain Soviet behaviour towards specific developments in Indonesia. It examines Soviet policies towards Indonesia
in the light of its competing global and regional needs on the one hand, and the competing, often conflicting,ideological
and national interests priorities ,on the other.The object is to show that Soviet foreign policy cannot simplybe
described as being ideological or national interest-oriented or that its goals are always viewed from the regional or
global perspective. The study highlights the shifts in Soviet policies
towards Indonesia in the context of the changing domestic and international alignments, interests and environment.
This in turn demonstrates how Soviet leaders have visualised developments in Indonesia and how changing priorities,
policies and interests have called into question strongly held views.It also analyses the interplay of great power
rivalries on a regional scene ,on the one hand and the conflicting needs and policies of regional powers on the
other and how these have been brought to bear on Soviet foreign policy as far as Indonesia is concerned. The study also analyses the place of Indonesia
in the context of the constant reassesment and revision of Soviet attitudes toward the Third World.When it became clear to Soviet policy makers that the policy of isolation
was unsuccessful ,how did they relate with Indonesia? When it became evident that neutralism and non-alignment were
the bases of the foreign relations of many of the new states, how did these have a bearing on Soviet-Indonesian relations?
When the weakness of the proletariat and local communist parties was recognised and the Soviet Union introduced the doctrines of national and revolutionary democracies,where
did Indonesia stand in Soviet ideological thinking? Under Brezhnev and Kosygin, the goal of scientific socialism and workers' states was pushed into the future and the
immediate task stated as the increase of Soviet influence in the Third World.How was this realised as far as Soviet-Indonesian relations were concerned? How exactly did these changes come to bear on Indonesia and as to whether Soviet-Indonesian relations conformed with the existing pattern
or ’line’ is detailed in this study.
39
Merrick, Michael. "The United States and the Kurds 1945-1992." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144092.
Full text
40
Hay, David Andrew. "Military manoeuvres : national service in Australia 1945-1972." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151741.
Full text
41
Connelly, Andrew James. "Ambivalent empires : historicising the Trobriand islands, 1830-1945." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156282.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an exercise in historicising the Trobriands Islands of Papua New Guinea, in recasting the islands beyond the anthropological frame into which they have been conventionally set. This is done through an archival exploration, informed by ten months of historio-ethnographic fieldwork in the islands, of the period from the first direct encounters with Europeans in the 1830s to the Pacific War and its aftermath in the 1940s. I examine in detail the construction of a culture of engagement and exchange in the mid to late 1800s, the first visits of 'discovery' by British New Guinea Administrator William MacGregor, the initial years of the first Christian mission and its leader Samuel Fellows, and the establishment and conduct of resident government under a series of Anglo-Australian officers. I then place the anthropological project alongside these other narratives, highlighting anthropology's own historical role in the construction of a Trobriands visible and desirable to a European gaze, from the accounts and publications of a string of early visitors to the pioneering fieldwork and writings of Bronislaw Malinowski. Throughout these accounts, the conflicts and collusions between Trobrianders and colonial actors are highlighted, as well as the many interconnections amongst the colonial actors themselves, and the prominent role that various Islander intermediaries played in each European endeavour. I finish with a history of the Pacific War in and around the Trobriands and its aftermath, using this as a touchstone for an examination of present-day attitudes towards the past in the islands today. I conclude that Trobriand encounter with the forces of colonialism, Christianity, mercantilism and war have brought manifold transformations to the islands, yet these transformations have always been mediated and managed through an enduring Trobriand agency and sensibility. All parties to the colonial conversation have exhibited ambivalence in various forms, not just to others but also towards their own projects. Yet for all, this ambivalence evolves into nostalgia over time, with long-time European residents becoming 'Trobriandised' and recalling the islands with fondness upon departure, and older Trobrianders today evincing heartfelt nostalgia for the good times of the colonial era. Finally, the present and future implications of continuity and transformation in Trobriand pasts are considered, through one Islander's commentary on 'Trobriand history'.
42
Songer, Loralee S. "A performer’s guide to selected solo vocal works of the Second Viennese School with a complete catalog." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1629111.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents pertinent information for singers and teachers of singers about
selected vocal works written by three significant composers who were active during the
first half of the twentieth century: Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, and Alban Berg,
also referred to as The Second Viennese School. The vocal works of these composers are
often neglected due to the assumption that the works will be atonal and, therefore,
musically unachievable for performers and unsatisfying for audiences. For each
composer, information about his educational background and compositional style is
provided, in addition to commentary on representative vocal works supported by musical
examples. A significant part of this research includes interviews with renowned singers
who supply advice for practice and performance-related suggestions. In order for singers
and teachers to obtain essential information regarding these solo vocal works, a complete
catalog is provided.Introduction -- Arnold Schoenberg -- Anton Webern -- Alban Berg -- Vocal and rehearsal techniques -- Conclusions and suggested further research.
School of Music
43
Franke, Alwin Jorga. "In the Beginning was the Sign. Literary Modernism and Mathematical Modernity in Carl Einstein and Robert Musil." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-t2ms-ba42.
Full textAbstract:
My dissertation, In the Beginning was the Sign, examines the entangled histories of literary modernism and mathematical modernity and revisits their claim to a radical rupture with the past. Informed by Lacanian psychoanalysis, media theory, and deconstruction, I trace how the interplay of literary and mathematical form transformed classical imaginations of the human. Authors like Carl Einstein, Robert Musil or Ernst Cassirer challenge the organic concept of subject formation as Bildung with a new and purely symbolic kind of mathematical abstraction that informs their writing on both thematic and formal levels. In the tradition of Plato’s Meno, they adduce these new forms of mathematical knowledge to find genuinely modern answers to the classical question of the good life. Paradoxically, in striving to portray their own time as a radical novelty that was able to break with its cultural heritage, these authors summon the canon at its most canonical. The mathematician Hilbert, for instance, rewrites the opening of the Gospel of John, translating logos as ‘sign’ rather than ‘word.’ Analyzing literary, philosophical, and mathematical texts in German, English, and French, I show that the questioning of the logical foundations of thought in the so-called foundational crisis in mathematics was re-mediated through a new genealogical exploration of the foundations of European rationality in the texts of classical antiquity.
44
Webster, Judith. ""Many splendid fictions" : atomic narratives in Australia, 1945-1965." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9950.
Full textAbstract:
Atomic energy burst into the world's consciousness in August 1945 when the United States detonated its second atomic weapon on the Japanese seaport of Hiroshima. Over the next twenty years Australians encountered atomic technology from both a distance and closer to home. On the international stage they witnessed a series of dramas: the media circus of the 1946 Bikini trials, the outpouring of enthusiastic rhetoric about atomic possibilities, the U.S. and U.S.S.R.'s failure to reach agreement on the international control of atomic weapons, reports of long term consequences of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the frightening development of the hydrogen bomb. Closer to home they observed the British atomic tests at Maralinga and Monte Bello, the mining and export of uranium and debates about Australian nuclear power.
This thesis is not concerned with these events themselves but with their depiction in the public sphere. It examines the authoring of these narratives and their evolution over time, arguing that the resulting discourses suggested limits to the public's understanding of nuclear issues. The process of shaping these atomic narratives ranged from direct censorship to more subtle persuasion: the repetition of certain ideas and the denial or disregarding of others; the publication or withholding of certain images; the use of familiar metaphors and language; and the recourse to scientific or political authority. Radiation and the perspective of the bomb's victims were slighted, while power, safety, and the survival of the West were emphasised. The thesis also explores several themes over the twenty year period: the odd juxtaposition of atomic energy's fear with awe; the tension between atomic energy's 'newness' and attempts to normalise, contain and make it familiar; and Australia's attempts to participate in the nuclear adventure.
45
Zmijewski, Norbert A. "The Catholic-Marxist ideological dialogue in Poland (1945-1980)." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10621.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I examine first the attitudes of the Catholic groups toward Marxist ideology and the policy of the Party and secondly the attempts of Marxists to overcome
a crisis of their philosophy by discussing the Catholic ideas. In the last chapter I discuss the philosophies of Karol Wojtyla and Leszek Kolakowski - the two outstanding
philosophical outcomes of the Catholic-Marxists dialogue. The arguments discussed in this thesis fall into two groups:
those contributing to the process by which Catholicism developed into a philosophy of opposition and those illustrating the
disintegration of Catholic and Marxist social doctrines. I argue that the nature of the dialogue significantly influenced
political and intellectual life in Poland.
46
Donegan, Jacqui Denise. "The confectionery kings: Robertson, Allen and Hoadley, 1875-1945." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149695.
Full textAbstract:
Mainstream historiography tends to regard confectionery as trivial and irrelevant. Yet, in the early to mid-20th century, one of Australia's richest entrepreneurs and most influential personages was a maker of sweets, Macpherson Robertson (1859-1945). His two major competitors Alfred Allen (1870-1925) and Abel Hoadley (1844-1918) were also figures of significant influence and worth in Australian economic life. In composite, this triumvirate presented a benign image of kindly craftsmanship and juvenile joy. In reality, Robertson, Allen and Hoadley exemplified an extreme form of piratical capitalism that flouted commercial conventions and legal frameworks. These men, rather than servicing the established colonial imperative of the British metropolis, daringly traversed the periphery and raided American business models. Their legacy is iconic brands that endure to this day. This PhD thesis explores the associated lives of Australia's 'confectionery kings' by employing business history, food history, and critical masters of industry biography. As a collective biography, it privileges Macpherson Robertson as the central figure, illuminating his business practices as advanced and aggressive but at times understandable or even justifiable. The chronological structure follows Robertson's life trajectory, examining the stages of his progression from craftsman to capitalist and the substantial benefits he drew from preserving the notion of craftsmanship. Synthesising extensive primary sources from throughout Australia and the United States, the thesis contrasts the legitimate public face with the very different private individual. It ranges from industrial Melbourne and agrarian Queensland to small-town America and Rockefeller machinations. The analysis demonstrates how confectionery was used as camouflage for dubious and at times nefarious capitalist practices. Under the guise of humble craftsman and folk hero, Robertson was an entrepreneur - the not-so-visible hand running at least 17 integrated companies and indulging in business behaviours considered illegal in other western societies. It also critiques the regulation of anti-competitive behaviour, finding that government authorities were reluctant to interfere with the marketing of a 'luxury' good. Furthermore the state, which had traditionally prioritised the production and distribution of sugar, had a 'bread and circuses' mentality and was complicit in the confectioners' questionable activities. This thesis brings confectionery more into the spotlight of serious and central concern. It comes at a time when obesity, attributed particularly to the extensive consumption of high-fructose corn syrup, and the growth of monopoly capitalism are significant issues for Australians. It offers valuable insights into the historical factors and thereby the inherent key to possible solutions. In terms of historiographical contribution, this study applies modern American business history methodology to Australian big business, by interrogating the wider political, cultural and social contexts of confectionery enterprises. It yields a new interpretation of capitalist development in the Antipodes. Whereas American business history in the United States has recently challenged the "robber baron" thesis, "The Confectionery Kings" goes the other way. It contests the long-held progress-and-prosperity narrative in Australian history and the firm hagiography that Macpherson Robertson crafted alongside his delightful sweets. Such scrutiny of other economic sectors in Australia has perhaps the potential to overturn the dominant paradigm of 'civilising' capitalism.
47
Lee, David. "From fear of depression to fear of war: a reinterpretation of the political issues involved in the transition from the Chifley government to the Menzies government, 1945-1952." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112060.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I attempt to trace the most important differences between the Chifley and
Menzies governments Without disagreeing with the view that the two governments
agreed on many things, such as the need for a large immigration programme,
Keynesian economic ideas, and the welfare state, I argue that there was a fundamental
difference between the two governments: their attitudes and policies to the threats of
depression and war. A Labor government afraid of depression but relatively confident
that another war would not break out, gave way to a Liberal-Country party
government which feared the outbreak of war but not a depression.
The Labor government hoped to protect Australia from depression by
participating in the new economic world order being built by the United States after
the second world war. However it tried to mould the American multilateral system into
one which would guarantee full employment throughout the world. America’s idea of
free trade defeated Australia's idea of full employment in the making of the new
economic world order. But multilateralism foundered because of the dollar shortage in
the world outside the United States. The United States wanted to dismantle the sterling
area and to incorporate it immediately into the multilateral world order. However the
United Kingdom found that she could not adopt multilateralism without massive
foreign aid from the United States. Instead of embracing multilateralism, the United
Kingdom resolved to shore up the sterling area, until some means of overcoming the
dollar shortage could be found. The Australian Labor government resolved to
cooperate with the United Kingdom in consolidating the sterling area as a
discriminatory economic bloc. Chifley made a deliberate decision to stick with the
United Kingdom rather than to seek a stronger economic relationship with the United
States.
The opposition Liberal and Country parties chafed at the restrictions and rationing caused by the Labor government’s pro-sterling area economic policies. They defeated the Labor government in 1949 by campaigning against its policy on the
sterling-dollar problem, its domestic economic policy, its handling of the coal strike,
and bank nationalisation. The issue of socialism was largely rhetorical.The
fundamental difference between the two governments was not about the degree of
government ownership of industry and banking. The Menzies’ government’s major
new initiative was to make serious defence preparations against the danger of war. It
abandoned Labor's internationalist foreign policy and regional defence policy and
substituted for them a policy of making Australia a partner in the western anticommunist
alliance being formed against the Soviet Union and the emergent
communist China.
Menzies expanded defence spending along with public and private investment in
a policy of ‘national development’. This was in stark contrast to Chifley’s fiscally
cautious anti-depression economic policy. It involved running a huge import surplus at
a time when the sterling-dollar problem was still serious and when Australia was
vulnerable to an economic downturn. Fortunately for Menzies, American
rearmament, the Korean war wool boom, and a dollar loan .from the United States
temporarily solved the dollar problem for Australia and the sterling area. Menzies
succeeded in being able to have both increased defence expenditure and increased
civilian investment. Moreover the Menzies government decided that Australia could
not be developed at the rate it wanted simply with British and Australian capital. Its
policy was that Australia had to forge a new political and economic relationship with
the United States. The Liberal-Country party government hoped that this policy would
free up the economy, enable Australia to borrow from America, increase the flow of
American capital into Australia, and allow the government to abolish the controls and
restrictions associated with Labor’s policy of protecting the sterling area.
48
Hassall, Graham. "Religion and nation-state formation in Melanesia : 1945 to independence." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10663.
Full textAbstract:
Although this is a study of small countries, having small populations, over a limited time
period, it is at once a study too vast to portray within the specifed limits of PhD research and dissertation. I therefore acknowledge at the outset the difficiencies of the present work. I write about
Melanesia, but refer only briefly to New Caledonia and Fiji. To have included them would have rendered this regional survey of church-state relations unwieldy. The complexity of Fijian society requires
a separate study. New Caledonia has a similar complexity, and cannot yet be counted among the independent Malanesian nation-states. The limitations of undertaking documentary research in what are essentially oral societies became clear during investigation. Through use of written records this study became primarily one of
Melanesian elites, than of peasantry. State-formation and church-building are both, I suggest, exercises in the production of elites. Given the opportunity for interdisciplinary work, the themes developed in this study would benefit from complementary anthropological investigation at grass-roots level. Although missionaries from the continents of Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, as well as from Australasia, have exerted their influence in Melanesia, my research was necessarily limited to source materials within
the region. My task was eased by the availability of well-ordered government archival records in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and I acknowledge the assistance of their staff below. Non-official archives, on the other hand, present more of a challenge to the researcher who faces strict time limitations. Mission societies have no obligation to preserve, order, and maintain past records, and the historian owes a debt of gratitude to societies which spare limited resources to do so. In the course
of examining mission records I have perused micro-fiche; and I have dusted cob-webs, silver-fish and other vermin from mouldering and unsorted, uncatalogued, correspondence files. I have examined mission records stored in filing cabinets, tea-chests, and beer cartons. In the latter instances, there was no possibility of assessing the depth and breadth of a mission's collected papers, and often difficulty in obtaining records for the exact time and location I anticipated and required. Unfortunately, for instance, the archivist of the Methodist Church of New Zealand was unable to locate records for the Western Solomons in the critical years relating to Silas Eta's break with the Methodist Western District; and
working in the unsorted records of the Presbyterian Church of New Zealand, I searched in vain for files concerning the critical years in which the Jon Frum movement on Tanna most affected the work of
the Presbyterian Mission.
My endeavours in other non-official sources were, on the hand, most productive, and my
narrative makes first use of some materials relating to the post-war period derived from records of the Australian Baptist Missionary Society, the South Sea Evangelical Mission, the Presbyterian Missionary Society of New Zealand, and the Anglican Church of Vanuatu.
Many people assisted me in the course of research and fieldwork. I wish to thank, without reference to titles or offices, the following interviewees: in Fiji - Niel Soucy and John Foliaki; in Papua New Guinea - Violet Hoehnke, Saimon Gaius, Rodney Hancock, Arnold Smith, Gordon Stafford,
Helmtrude Tewes; in New Zealand - George Carter, John Stanley Murray, Peter Wedde, Gordon Parsonson, and Philip Baker; in Solomon Islands: Gertrude Blum, Adrian Smith, Dan Stuyvenberg, and Marietta Teuluata; in Vanuatu - Roger Bowden, Tony Deamer, Dick Joel Peter, Chris Foote, Timothy
Kaio, Graham Kalsakau, Kathleen and Pastor Lingi, Tom Namake, Ann Naupa, John Naupa, Titus Path,
Fr Sacco, Willie Samuel, Philip Shing, Hari Tevi, Tuk Nowali, and Peter Noah; and in Australia - Misty Baloiloi, John Black, Judy and Rex Fisher, Cecil Gribble, J. Graham Miller, Jack Sharp, Kay Williams,
and David Wilson.
For granting me access to their archives, or otherwise assisting me, I thank the Staff of the following institutions: the Mitchell Library, and the State Library of New South Wales, Sydney; the Alexander Turnbull Library, Auckland; Auckland Municipal Library; University of Auckland Library;
Wellington Central Library; Victoria University Library, Wellington; Macmillan Brown Collection, University of Cantebury; Hewitson Library, Knox College, Dunedin; Hocken Library, University of
Otago, Dunedin; the Church of Melanesia and the Solomon Islands National Archives, Honiara; the Australian Baptist Missionary Society, Melbourne; the Anglican Board of Mission Library, Sydney; the
Menzies Library, Australian National University; the Commonwealth Archives of Australia, Canberra; the Melanesian Institute, Goroka; and the North Solomons Provincial Government Library, Arawa. I
wish to thank J. Brian Lee, Uniting Church in Australia, for access to the Methodist Overseas Mission Records in the Mitchell Library; Ross Carlyon, Executive Secretary of the South Sea Evangelical Mission for his assistence in Laureton; Ian Harris, of the Department of Communication of the
Presbyterian Church of New Zealand, for granting access to the archives of the Presbyterian Missionary of New Zealand; and George Carter, of the National Archives of the Methodist Church of New
Zealand. I have benefitted considerably from correspondence with Brian Macdonald-Milne, Charles Horne, John Garrett, Theo B. Cook, Gerhard 0. Reitz, Dudley Deasey, Sir John Gutch, Ann Lilburne, Michael Myers, and Keith Dyer; and from conversations with Hugh Laracy, Simon Rae, Alan Davidson,
Jim Veitch, Gordon Parsonson, David Hilliard and Dennis Steley. I thank Mariette and Hasan Leong for allowing me to obtain a copy of their interview with Pelis Mazakmat and Michael Homerang, and thank Betty Palaso for the translation from Pidgin to English.
For help in various ways during field work 1986-87 I acknowledge the particular. assistance and friendship of Bruce Saunders, Earl and Audrey Cameron, Charlie and Barbara Pierce, Mariette and Hasan Leong, and Richard and Verona Lucas - although the list of friends to whom I am indebted for
kindness and assistance while in the Pacific is considerably longer than this, and certainly too vast to unravel here. My hope is to have the opportunity at some future time to thank these dear friends by
returning the hospitality I received in abundance from them. Over a period of four years I have appreciated the assistance provided by support staff in the
Department of Pacific and Southeast Asian History: Julie Gordon, Karen Haines, Sally-Ann Leigh, and Dorothy Mcintosh. Also, I have been privileged to attend seminars offered by student and staff members
of this department, as well as by various other departments within the Research School of Pacific Studies. Field-work was only made possible by the generosity of the Research School, which I wish to acknowledge here.
As much as I have benefitted from institutional support my parents, David and Judy Hassall, have provided the essential spiritual and material support which made my education possible. I cannot
thank them enough. For academic assistance, as well as friendship, I owe much to Ron Adams, who acted as a patient advisor to the project and critical reader of draft materials, during his time in the Department
of Pacific and Southeast Asian History and after, having taken a position at the Western Institute in Melbourne. I have learnt much from the honest and direct approach to scholarship demonstrated by Dr
Adams since our first meeting in 1985.
I very much regret that my thesis was incomplete at the time Gavan Daws retired his position as Professor of Pacific History. Nevertheless, I thank Professor Daws for supporting the idea of a
regional study, and for his comments on my earliest drafts. In the later stages of writing, various chapters were considerably improved following the critical and knowledgeable advice of Dr Hank Nelson,
for which I am most grateful. Finally, I express my thanks to my supervisor Niel Gunson, doyen of supervisors, in whose presence I have experienced the spirit of the scholarly path.
49
Baba, Gurol. "The wavy cross : Australia, Turkey and the US 1945-1975." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150120.
Full text
50
Miller, Benjamin L. "The political economy of Japan's Tariff Policy : a quantitative analysis." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128778.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis uses quantitative techniques in an
attempt to identify the underlying determinants of nominal
and effective tariff protection of manufacturing industry
in Japan.
The two alternative models of tariff policy formation
in Japan -- the national income maximization model (Japan
Inc.) and the income redistribution model -- are well
suited to cross-sectional regression analysis because they
make completely contradictory predictions about the
relationship between tariff protection (and exemption from
tariff cuts) received and industry comparative advantage.
Expressing the predictions of the opposing models in
terms suitable for quantitative testing is straightforward
because each of the models uses the same set of easily
observable industry structural characteristics to serve as
proxy measures for present and expected future comparative
advantage.
Because the models are in agreement with regard to
what constitutes the set of important explanatory
variables, but make clear-cut and unambiguously
contradictory predictions about the direction of
correlation between each of these independent variables
and the dependent variable (tariff levels or changes in
tariff levels), a cross-sectional study can be used to
determine which, if either, of the models has the greater
explanatory power.
The empirical results strongly contradict the
prediction of the income maximization model that tariff
protection is given to industries which are at an
increasing comparative advantage. That is, the
correlations between tariff protection received and the
proxies for comparative advantage were all significantly
negative. However, the contention of the income
redistribution model that tariff protection i s given to
industries at a high and increasing comparative
disadvantage was supported (could not be rejected with any
degree of statistical confidence).
Thus, the evidence suggests that tariff protection in
postwar Japan has served the goal of income redistribution rather than that of national income maximization. The
fundamental determinant of tariff protection received by
an industry appears not to have been its potential for
developing and maintaining international competitiveness
in the future; rather tariff protection tended to be
granted to industries at a high and increasing comparative
disadvantage.
Specifically, between 1965 and 1975 tariff protection
in Japan clearly discriminated in favor of industries that
added little value to their inputs, had low levels of
worker productivity and low rates of productivity
increase, were unskilled labor intensive, and had low
economies of scale, rates of growth, and international
competitiveness.
The results of these regressions are very similar, in
both direction and strength of association, to those
resulting from previous application of these techniques to
the analysis of tariff policy formation in other
industrial economies.