Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opzioni'
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Bertoni, Federico. "Programmazione dinamica per opzioni Americane." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14996/.
Full textGallucci, Anna. "Modelli discreti per opzioni asiatiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4426/.
Full textBazzocchi, Marika. "Opzioni asiatiche in modelli discreti." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8529/.
Full textVertova, Luca. "Le opzioni americane nel modello binomiale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9433/.
Full textFadel, Elisa <1991>. "Finanza comportamentale e prezzo delle opzioni." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8746.
Full textDe, Gregorio Alessandro. "Replicazione di opzioni con costi di transazione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6976/.
Full textMiatello, Daniel <1989>. "Futures e opzioni: un portafoglio non direzionale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4071.
Full textGirardi, Nicolo' <1992>. "Le opzioni finanziarie: il caso delle cliquet." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9320.
Full textMinto, Federica <1991>. "Statistica per le strategie non direzionali in opzioni." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8242.
Full textCarlin, Andrea <1989>. "La valutazione di opzioni di tipo americano mediante simulazione." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6739.
Full textPERTILE, PAOLO. "Investimenti in tecnologie sanitarie: un approccio con opzioni reali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/197.
Full textThis work aims to extend the real option approach to the evaluation of health care technologies. The aim is to do this from two different points of view. On one side we are interested in understanding what insights taking option values into account provides in the study of adoption behaviour by providers. On the other side, we aim to provide an application of this approach to the economic evaluation of a specific medical technology, which is still missing in the health economics literature. The technology that has been chosen for the application is positron emission tomography (pet).
PERTILE, PAOLO. "Investimenti in tecnologie sanitarie: un approccio con opzioni reali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/197.
Full textThis work aims to extend the real option approach to the evaluation of health care technologies. The aim is to do this from two different points of view. On one side we are interested in understanding what insights taking option values into account provides in the study of adoption behaviour by providers. On the other side, we aim to provide an application of this approach to the economic evaluation of a specific medical technology, which is still missing in the health economics literature. The technology that has been chosen for the application is positron emission tomography (pet).
Ottanelli, Chiara <1986>. "Genitori udenti, figlio sordo: un approccio inclusivo alle opzioni educative." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9012.
Full textSantalucia, Marco <1992>. "Opzioni reali per la valutazione degli investimenti - Applicazione al PPP." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14665.
Full textFichera, Marco. "Opzioni terapeutiche per il trattamento della gotta e delle iperuricemie nell'anziano." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1262.
Full textTreatment options for gout and hyperuricemia in the elderly. Abstract Gout and hyperuricemic syndrome are strictly related, mainly affecting elderly patients often showing associated comorbility as cardiovascular disease and kidney impairment. It should be stressed that hyperuricemia and gout are not synonymous as the first is not always followed by gout (arthropathy, tophi, nephropathy). The metabolic disorder shown in gout looks as necessary cause although not sufficient for the development of disease; therefore the correct diagnosis takes in consideration treatment including both therapy of metabolic disorder (idiopathic/secondary hyperuricemia) and treatment of acute conditions as well as chronic gout. Use of NSAID, steroids and colchicine for treatment of gout arthropathy should be implemented with hyperuricemic therapy through several options as uricosuric drugs (Probenecid; Sulfinpirazone; Benzbromarone; Losartan; Fenofibrato), xantino-oxidase inhibitors (Allopurinol; Ossipurinol; Febuxostat), uricolitic drugs (Urate oxidase extract; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Rasburicase) and others as Canakinumab, Sevelamer and Acacia confuse. It is therefore important scientific investigation in order to further investigate new preparations with increased efficacy and tolerability.
Magro, Stefania <1985>. "Modelli jump diffusion per la valutazione di opzioni europee ed americane." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3330.
Full textSoccal, Katia <1989>. "Opzioni reali e loro applicazioni alle formule di finanziamento in ambito automobilistico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4886.
Full textCeccato, Lara <1985>. "Le opzioni reali per la valutazione degli investimenti. Un'applicazione al project financing." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5038.
Full textSartori, Chiara <1990>. "Le opzioni contabili nella presentazione del bilancio redatto secondo la normativa internazionale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5349.
Full textCompagno, Fabio <1989>. "Analisi e strutturazione di una strategia operativa in opzioni: La Covered Call Writing." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8943.
Full textBusin, Riccardo <1991>. "La valutazione degli investimenti in contesti di incertezza. L’applicazione della logica delle opzioni reali." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18591.
Full textTiso, Carlo <1992>. "Aspetti di behavioral finance nella valutazione di strategie operative con opzioni e prodotti strutturati." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18660.
Full textGurioli, Andrea. "Ethereum alla prova dei fatti: Analisi sull'utilizzo degli smart contracts per l'implementazione di opzioni nei mercati finanziari." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20602/.
Full textPallucchini, Luca. "La trasformata di Fourier nella valutazione d'opzioni." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1062/.
Full textCiobanu, Lia. "Teoremi di Inversione per la Volatilità Implicita." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10139/.
Full textSgubbi, Elena. "Metodi di regressione per programmazione dinamica stocastica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14757/.
Full textColonna, Graziana. "Calcolo parallelo per modelli stocastici con default." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13494/.
Full textTugnoli, Riccardo. "Disuguaglianza di Doob e traiettorie di martingale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7705/.
Full textSANTANGELO, ALBERTO. "Pricing of gas storage contracts using a temperature dependent gas price model." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/158368.
Full textIt is well known that gas price follows a mean reverting dynamics with jumps. It is less known that jumps can happen when the demand of gas is high and storage levels are low, which usually occurs during the winter period when the consumption for heating purposes, especially in the residential sector, necessarily increases. It is then reasonable to assume that gas price is influenced by the atmospheric temperature. Mu (2007) was the first to study the dependence between the Henry Hub futures price and the temperature measured in the United States. [Stoll and Wiebauer, 2010] performed a somehow similar analysis on the price quoted in the Title Transfer Facility trading hub and the temperature measured in Germany, and found that temperature has an impact on the value of a gas storage contract/facility. In this work we propose to model the gas price as a mean reverting jump-diffusion process with temperature dependent stochastic jump intensity, in order to evaluate gas storage contracts/facilities in the US market. As first proposed by Boogert and De Jong (2008), we compute the no arbitrage value of the contract by a real options approach. The ensuing discrete time stochastic optimal control problem is solved by dynamic programming. We compute the continuation value of the dynamic programming algorithm by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), generalizing the approach proposed by Kiely et al. (2015). A no arbitrage approach requires the specification of a no arbitrage pricing measure and a calibration procedure that make the model consistent with the observed market prices of liquid derivatives contracts at the valuation date. However, the low liquidity of the options market can make the classical calibration procedure of implied volatilities unreliable in practice. For this reason we first specify gas and temperature dynamics under the real world measure, and estimate them using the relative time series. Then we derive the no arbitrage dynamics for the gas price by a suitable change of measure, which introduces in the dynamics new parameters that can account for market prices of risk implicits in futures and option prices. Finally, we present some numerical results about the calibration of the model and the valuation of a gas storage contract.
PEDIO, MANUELA. "Essays on the Time Series and Cross-Sectional Predictive Power of Network-Based Volatility Spillover Measures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/305198.
Full textThis thesis includes two essays that are devoted to study the time-series and cross-sectional predictive power of a newly developed, forward-looking volatility spillover index based on option implied volatilities. In the first essay, we focus on the estimation of the index and on the assessment of whether the (changes in) the index can predict the time-series excess returns of (a set of) individual stocks and of the S&P 500. We also compare the in-sample and out-of-sample predictive power of this index with that of the volatility spillover index proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2008, 2012), which is instead based on realized, backward-looking volatilities. While both measures show evidence of in-sample predictive power, only the option-implied measure is able to produce out-of-sample forecasts that outperform a simple historical mean benchmark. We find this predictive power to be exploitable by an investor using simple trading strategies based on the sign of the predicted excess return and also by a mean-variance optimizer. We also show that, despite the predictive outperformance of the implied volatility spillover index is mostly coming from high-volatility periods, the additional forecast power is not subsumed by the inclusion of the VIX (as a proxy of aggregate volatility) in the predictive regressions. In the second essay, we investigate whether volatility spillover risk (in addition to aggregate volatility risk) is priced in the cross-section of US stock returns. To our purpose, we conduct several (parametric and non-parametric) asset pricing tests. First, we sort the stock universe into five quintile portfolios based on their exposure to the implied volatility spillover index that we have developed in the first essay. Second, we use a conditional sorting procedure to control for variables that may have a confounding effect on our results. We find that stocks with a low exposure to volatility spillovers earn an average 6.45% per annum more than stocks with a high exposure to volatility spillovers. This difference persists also after adjusting for risk and when we control for the exposure to aggregate volatility shocks. Finally, we employ a Fama-Mac Beth approach to estimate the risk premium associated with volatility spillover risk; this procedure partly confirms the results from the non-parametric, portfolio sorting analysis, although the premium is lower and generally imprecisely estimated.
Fedele, Jessica. "Le origini della Suedtiroler Volkspartei (1945-1948)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426029.
Full textThe dissertation is titled “The Origins of the Südtiroler Volkspartei (1945-1948)”. It is a research about the foundation of a party, established in Bolzano at the end of World War II by a group of German ethnic citizens. This party, founded during the anglo-american occupation in Italy, became in three years and a half the most representative party within the German minority that inhabited the region and it stayed it this way during the entire XXth century. In this research I reconstruct the historical, economic, political and social context in which the South tyrolean people’s party (SVP) started and developed, from its foundation May 8th 1945 to the first national and local elections in the post World War II period involving citizens of Italian, German and Ladin origin in the province of Bolzano. This dissertation encompasses the main phases of the transformation of SVP in Sammelpartei: first, the search for political establishment during the administration of the Allied Forces; second, the formation of a democratic front in support of the demand for self determination and then autonomy; finally, the turning point of the alliance with the Christian Democratic Party. The research is based on consultation of public press and bibliography in Italian and German and on the Archives of the South tyrolean people’s party – located at the Provincial Archives in Bolzano and encompassing documents regarding party activity from 1945 to 1985.
Campagna, Steven. "Formulazione di un modello di programmazione dinamica orientato alla gestione delle attività di negoziazione di opzioni di capacità produttiva tra supply chains competitive che condividono un fornitore con capacità limitata: una estensione del newsvendor model." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1205/.
Full textDALUISO, ROBERTO. "Fast mass computation of sensitivities and effective hedging of financial products." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241133.
Full textThe present thesis is dedicated to the development of a toolkit for the computation of sensitivities of prices of financial products, and for their practical use in multi-dimensional settings. Specifically, we want to address two main points, corresponding to the two parts of this work: 1. The traditional theoretical setting where sensitivities-based hedging is justified involves questionable idealizations, such as continuous-time portfolio rebalancing with no costs. Do more realistic assumptions impact the way in which sensitivities should be used? 2. When the number of drivers is very large, the estimation of sensitivities becomes a computationally demanding task. How can many of them be calculated efficiently? Part I is concerned with the effective use of multiple sensitivities in practice. Chapter 1 studies the effects on hedging of the interaction between different underlying instruments as modelled by instantaneous diffusive correlation. This parameter would not play any role in idealized continuously-rebalanced hedging, but we find that it does if rebalancing times are in finite number and potentially different for different instruments, as often in practice. Under suitable assumptions, we find a strategy in which the sensitivities are combined in a nontrivial way, since some hedge positions are sometimes not rebalanced because the corresponding exposure can be in part offset by overweighting or underweighting other correlated hedges. Chapter 2 considers how the practice of periodically recalibrating model parameters to market data affects the way in which sensitivities should be looked at. Indeed, recalibration effectively falsifies the distributional assumptions behind the pricing model, so that a formalization is almost hopeless inside a traditional stochastic processes based no-arbitrage theory. Hence we propose an alternative mathematisation based on differential geometry, which describes the degrees of freedom one has in the construction of the hedging portfolio in this setting. Part II focuses on the efficient computation of large numbers of sensitivities. Chapter 3 concentrates on first order sensitivities of prices whose computation is costly due to the need of Monte Carlo simulation. Our starting point is that for continuous payoffs, the pathwise application of a computer science technique known as adjoint algorithmic differentiation gives remarkably fast and accurate price gradients of arbitrary length; however, the generalizations to discontinuous payoffs like digital options are nontrivial. The new algorithm proposed here distinguishes itself by extending the pathwise adjoints method in a most natural way, and by its empirically very low Monte Carlo uncertainties. Chapter 4 looks for fast algorithms to compute the full second order sensitivity matrix of a Monte Carlo price. Many combinations of first order estimators have been tried in the literature to this purpose, and our first contribution is an orderly theoretical and empirical comparison of these proposals. Then, since none of the alternatives appears satisfactory in all settings, we propose two original methods: the first one generalizes the idea of the previous chapter, while the other one leverages a functional relation between first and second order derivatives. The former shows excellent generality and computational times. The latter has more limited applicability, but it is by far the most effective in at least one relevant example, and has a theoretical interest, being the first practical estimator of the full Hessian whose complexity, as a multiple of that of the only-price implementation, does not grow with the dimension of the problem.
Rudelli, Paolo. "Matrimonio come scelta di vita : opzione, vocazione, sacramento /." Roma : Ed. Pontificia università gregoriana, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37715134j.
Full textGONZATO, LUCA. "Application of Sequential Monte Carlo Methods to Dynamic Asset Pricing Models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/295144.
Full textIn this thesis we consider the application of Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods to continuous-time asset pricing models. The first chapter of the thesis gives a self-contained overview on SMC methods. In particular, starting from basic Monte Carlo techniques we move to recent state of the art SMC algorithms. In the second chapter we review existing methods for the exact simulation of Hawkes processes. From our analysis we infer that the simulation scheme of Dassios and Zaho (2013) outperforms the other algorithms, including the most popular thinning method proposed by Ogata (1980). This chapter serves also as introduction to self-exciting jump processes, which are the subject of Chapter 3. Hence, in the third chapter we propose a new self-exciting jump diffusion model in order to describe oil price dynamics. We estimate the model by applying a state of the art SMC sampler on both spot and futures data. From the estimation results we find evidence of self-excitation in the oil market, which leads to an improved fit and a better out of sample futures forecasting performance with respect to jump-diffusion models with constant intensity. Furthermore, we compute and discuss two optimal hedging strategies based on futures trading. The optimality of the first hedging strategy proposed is based on the variance minimization, while the second strategy takes into account also the third-order moment contribution in considering the investors attitudes. A comparison between the two strategies in terms of hedging effectiveness is provided. Finally, in the fourth chapter we consider the estimation of continuous-time Wishart stochastic volatility models by observing portfolios of weighted options as in Orlowski (2019). In this framework we don't know the likelihood in closed-form; then we aim to estimate it using SMC techniques. To this end, we marginalize latent states and perform marginal likelihood estimation by adapting the recently proposed controlled SMC algorithm (Heng et. Al. 2019). From the numerical experiments we show that the proposed methodology gives much better results with respect to standard filtering techniques. Therefore, the great stability of our SMC method opens the door for effective joint estimation of latent states and unknown parameters in a Bayesian fashion. This last step amounts to design an SMC sampler based on a pseudo-marginal argument and is currently under preparation.
ABU, AWWAD AMAL. "L'"esclusione" del diritto di opzione nelle società quotate." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/207.
Full textThis work examines the withdraw of the right of pre-emption in public companies. In particular, starting from the regulation development that defines the right of pre-emption in the Italian legal order (and in the American and German ones), there come out the interests that cyclically are satisfied by the pre-emptive right issue. The outcome of this research points out the primal asset-oriented direction of the law and, according to its recent evolution, the gradual trend, in those same legal orders which admit a strong right of pre-emption, toward a loosening of the shareholders' preferential right in the open companies: the law diversification that can be therefore recognized is due to an opening or closing attitude of the company toward the risk capital market, given an already outlined empirical link between the pre-emption regulations and the company ownership extent. That being so, there has been the main intention to check if the pre-emption norms can accomplish the task of splitting the several organization models of public companies in order to spot those interests which are protected by the right of pre-emption in public companies. The survey has then followed a double direction: the in-depth examination of empirical capital increases and the analysis of the laws which settle the shareholders' right of pre-emption, looking at the stock companies and at the limited liability companies, on one side, and at the public companies, on the other. If all the deep differences between the stock companies and the limited liability companies are taken for granted, there is the chance of assigning to the shareholders' option a role in the definition of the various organizational models in the public companies: in particular, the right of pre-emption, beyond its traditional purpose of preserving the members' involvement, accomplishes the qualitative role of weighing on the company opening or closing attitude and therefore the company setting. It's been also noticed that art. 2441, par. 4, c.c., allows public companies to introduce in their articles the withdraw of the right of pre-emption within 10% of the capital, if the stocks are issued at the market price. This joins the traditional withdraw reasons: it represents the peculiarity of the interests concerning the capital increases in public companies. From the analysis of art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., it results that the pre-emptive right withdraw has its own rules. It can't be applied as to par. 5 and 6 of art. 2441, c.c: the generic formal and substantial cautions are not put on. From this all it derives that in art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., there is no right of pre-emption, neither abstractly, nor pragmatically. In art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., the reference to that right is empty (it doesn't describe any rule). However, there isn't any infringement in the shareholders' right of retaining their ownership shares. As the conservation can be put to use in several ways: the 10% and the stock values match with the market quotes let the shareholders keep their shares with a direct purchase. An equal-treatments system, through a direct purchase, instead of an equal-rights system. Due to the withdraw of the abstract pre-emptive right, there comes out the compatibility issue between the national and the european law. The second Council directive, at art. 29, sounds like forcing a formalisation of the right of pre-emption, banning the withdraw of the so-called abstract pre-emptive right from the articles of association. It is believed that art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., isn't responsible for any lack of protection toward the shareholders. The directive thus safeguards the possibility to preserve the amount of quotes (but not to maintain the percentage ratios among the shareholders) that must suit to the company and to the external sources of financing interests, so it grants the same protection, even if not using the same instruments. As a consequence: the art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., complies to the directive, because it ensures the same protection to the right of pre-emption. Otherwise, the art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., doesn't protect the qualitative role of the right of pre-emption (the possibility to keep the ownership configuration), so it must be considered related to the market and from the point of view of a really big company. There comes out the necessity to protect the shareholders from a violation of the assumptions of the art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., and even from the introduction of the clause. The clause involves the transition from a (in a manner of speaking) paternalistic protection of the pre-emptive right to a market protection, which doesn't affect the ownership structure, that can be therefore modified. Moreover, given that a substanstial protection and an art. 2441, par. 5 and 6, c.c., implementation guardship lack, the protection itself runs from the withdraw decision time to the withdraw clause introduction moment. Finally, there has been a research on the consequences of the use and of the understanding that come from an hypothesis according to which the right of pre-emption is not granted to the shareholders. This has been examined related to the company interests and to the understanding of the pre-emptive right withdraw, as per art. 2441, par. 5, c.c., in public companies.
ABU, AWWAD AMAL. "L'"esclusione" del diritto di opzione nelle società quotate." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/207.
Full textThis work examines the withdraw of the right of pre-emption in public companies. In particular, starting from the regulation development that defines the right of pre-emption in the Italian legal order (and in the American and German ones), there come out the interests that cyclically are satisfied by the pre-emptive right issue. The outcome of this research points out the primal asset-oriented direction of the law and, according to its recent evolution, the gradual trend, in those same legal orders which admit a strong right of pre-emption, toward a loosening of the shareholders' preferential right in the open companies: the law diversification that can be therefore recognized is due to an opening or closing attitude of the company toward the risk capital market, given an already outlined empirical link between the pre-emption regulations and the company ownership extent. That being so, there has been the main intention to check if the pre-emption norms can accomplish the task of splitting the several organization models of public companies in order to spot those interests which are protected by the right of pre-emption in public companies. The survey has then followed a double direction: the in-depth examination of empirical capital increases and the analysis of the laws which settle the shareholders' right of pre-emption, looking at the stock companies and at the limited liability companies, on one side, and at the public companies, on the other. If all the deep differences between the stock companies and the limited liability companies are taken for granted, there is the chance of assigning to the shareholders' option a role in the definition of the various organizational models in the public companies: in particular, the right of pre-emption, beyond its traditional purpose of preserving the members' involvement, accomplishes the qualitative role of weighing on the company opening or closing attitude and therefore the company setting. It's been also noticed that art. 2441, par. 4, c.c., allows public companies to introduce in their articles the withdraw of the right of pre-emption within 10% of the capital, if the stocks are issued at the market price. This joins the traditional withdraw reasons: it represents the peculiarity of the interests concerning the capital increases in public companies. From the analysis of art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., it results that the pre-emptive right withdraw has its own rules. It can't be applied as to par. 5 and 6 of art. 2441, c.c: the generic formal and substantial cautions are not put on. From this all it derives that in art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., there is no right of pre-emption, neither abstractly, nor pragmatically. In art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., the reference to that right is empty (it doesn't describe any rule). However, there isn't any infringement in the shareholders' right of retaining their ownership shares. As the conservation can be put to use in several ways: the 10% and the stock values match with the market quotes let the shareholders keep their shares with a direct purchase. An equal-treatments system, through a direct purchase, instead of an equal-rights system. Due to the withdraw of the abstract pre-emptive right, there comes out the compatibility issue between the national and the european law. The second Council directive, at art. 29, sounds like forcing a formalisation of the right of pre-emption, banning the withdraw of the so-called abstract pre-emptive right from the articles of association. It is believed that art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., isn't responsible for any lack of protection toward the shareholders. The directive thus safeguards the possibility to preserve the amount of quotes (but not to maintain the percentage ratios among the shareholders) that must suit to the company and to the external sources of financing interests, so it grants the same protection, even if not using the same instruments. As a consequence: the art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., complies to the directive, because it ensures the same protection to the right of pre-emption. Otherwise, the art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., doesn't protect the qualitative role of the right of pre-emption (the possibility to keep the ownership configuration), so it must be considered related to the market and from the point of view of a really big company. There comes out the necessity to protect the shareholders from a violation of the assumptions of the art. 2441, par. 4, second part, c.c., and even from the introduction of the clause. The clause involves the transition from a (in a manner of speaking) paternalistic protection of the pre-emptive right to a market protection, which doesn't affect the ownership structure, that can be therefore modified. Moreover, given that a substanstial protection and an art. 2441, par. 5 and 6, c.c., implementation guardship lack, the protection itself runs from the withdraw decision time to the withdraw clause introduction moment. Finally, there has been a research on the consequences of the use and of the understanding that come from an hypothesis according to which the right of pre-emption is not granted to the shareholders. This has been examined related to the company interests and to the understanding of the pre-emptive right withdraw, as per art. 2441, par. 5, c.c., in public companies.
Zanetti, Rosita. "Metodi di approssimazione saddlepoint ed applicazioni finanziarie." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6891/.
Full textFORTUNATI, ANDREA. "Su di un modello Attuariale per la valutazione al Fair Value di contratti di assicurazione sulla vita." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917316.
Full textSun, Yu. "Analytically tractable stochastic volatility models in asset and option pricing." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243100.
Full textThis dissertation consists of four related essays on stochastic volatility models in asset and option pricing. More precisely, this dissertation focuses on stochastic interest rate and multiscale stochastic volatility models, with applications in various financial products. In first essay, a hybrid Heston-CIR (HCIR) model with a stochastic interest rate process is presented. In this essay, explicit elementary formulas for the moments of the asset price variables as well as efficient formulas to approximate the option prices are deduced. Using European call and put option prices on U.S. S&P 500 index, empirical study shows that the HCIR model outperforms Heston model in interpreting and predicting both call and put option prices. The second essay is a further extension of the HCIR model with two different applications. The first application is using HCIR model to interpret bond yield term structure and to forecast their upward/downward trend. The second analysis is based on the values of the long-term health endowment policy. The empirical analysis shows that the stochastic interest rate plays a crucial role as a volatility factor and provides a multi-factor model that outperforms the Heston model in predicting health endowment policy price. In the third essay, a hybrid Heston Hull-White (HHW) model is designed to describe the dynamics of an asset price under stochastic volatility and interest rate that allows negative values. Explicit elementary formulas for the transition probability density function of the asset price variable and closed-form formulas to approximate the option prices are deduced. In first empirical analysis, the HHW model is calibrated by using implied volatility. The second empirical analysis focuses on the Eurodollar futures prices and the corresponding European options prices with a generalization of the Heston model in the stochastic interest rate framework. Both the results are impressive for approximation and prediction. This confirms the efficiency of HHW model and the necessary to allow for negative values of interest rate. The fourth essay describes a multiscale hybrid Heston model of the spot FX rate which is an extension of the model De Col, Gnoatto and Grasselli 2013 in order to allow stochastic interest rate. The analytical treatment of the model is described in detail both under physical measure and risk neutral measure. In particular, a formula for the transition probability density function is derived as a one dimensional integral of an elementary integral function which is used to price European Vanilla call and put options.
BRIGNONE, RICCARDO. "Moment based approximations for arithmetic averages with applications in derivative pricing, credit risk and Monte Carlo simulation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/262926.
Full textIn this thesis we consider three different financial problems whose solution is related to the arithmetic average of some mean reverting stochastic process, whose distribution is unknown, precluding explicit and exact computations. We propose moment based approximations and examine applications in exotic derivatives pricing, credit risk and Monte Carlo simulation and show that this kind of solution can be very useful as able to reduce the computational cost with respect to alternative numerical methods, which are used as benchmark throughout this work. The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to provide some theoretical background on moment based approximations, including some basic facts on the so-called \textit{moment problem}, common approximations techniques, together with a literature review on the usage of moments in finance and numerical illustrations. In the second chapter, we propose accurate moment based approximation formulas for the price of Asian options in the case where the underlying's price is a mean reverting (with jumps) stochastic process. In the third chapter we introduce an efficient methodology, based on moment matching, for the calibration of the default intensity, which is modeled through an exponential Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and apply this result to the calculation of Credit Value Adjustment (CVA) in presence of wrong way risk for interest rates derivatives. In the fourth chapter, we consider the problem of simulating stochastic volatility models. Exact simulation schemes have been proposed in literature for various models, but are computationally inefficient due to their dependence on the integral of the variance process, which is generally assumed to be mean reverting and whose distribution is unknown. In this case, we show how to compute the moments of such unknown distribution and develop a new simulation methodology which turns out to be much faster, from a computational point of view, than exact schemes, for a similar level of accuracy. The final chapter is different from the others as moments find only marginal application. We consider a double exponential jump diffusion model where the jump intensity is a stochastic process of Hawkes type. This kind of dynamics has been introduced in literature in order to model jump clustering phenomenon, widely observed in financial and commodity markets. We derive the characteristic function of the integral of log-returns and price geometric Asian options under such model.
Baraldi, Mario <1976>. "I warrants o buoni di opzione (contributo allo studio sulla formazione del contratto)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/95/1/VOLUME_DEFINITIVO_EXTENSION.pdf.
Full textBaraldi, Mario <1976>. "I warrants o buoni di opzione (contributo allo studio sulla formazione del contratto)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/95/.
Full textVillanova, Ruben <1991>. "I regimi opzionali di tassazione dei redditi di natura finanziaria." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7190.
Full textGIULIANO, MARCELLO. "L'AUMENTO DELEGATO DEL CAPITALE SOCIALE NELLE SOCIETA' PER AZIONI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35754.
Full textThis work aims to analyze the management's power to issue shares in closed and public company.Infact we aim to distinguish the interpretation of article 2443 c.c. in the case in which the mandate is given to the management in public or closed corporation. More specifically it's justified to give more contractual freedom to the public company than the close corporation because only in these second type of company shareholder's can protect their administrative position by sell or buy shares in to the market. The thesis wants to prove that pre emptive rights can be escluded by statutes and the compatibility of this provision with the second european union directive. This can be justified by market discipline and the possibility for the shareholder's to pretect theirselves buying shares in to the market. The information imposed by the legislation at the moment of management's deliberation and the shareholder's power to appel the same deliberation could be a sufficent remedy against the abuse of the managements.
GIULIANO, MARCELLO. "L'AUMENTO DELEGATO DEL CAPITALE SOCIALE NELLE SOCIETA' PER AZIONI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35754.
Full textThis work aims to analyze the management's power to issue shares in closed and public company.Infact we aim to distinguish the interpretation of article 2443 c.c. in the case in which the mandate is given to the management in public or closed corporation. More specifically it's justified to give more contractual freedom to the public company than the close corporation because only in these second type of company shareholder's can protect their administrative position by sell or buy shares in to the market. The thesis wants to prove that pre emptive rights can be escluded by statutes and the compatibility of this provision with the second european union directive. This can be justified by market discipline and the possibility for the shareholder's to pretect theirselves buying shares in to the market. The information imposed by the legislation at the moment of management's deliberation and the shareholder's power to appel the same deliberation could be a sufficent remedy against the abuse of the managements.
Biagi, Stefano. "Sulla Frontiera Libera del Problema con Ostacolo per l'Opzione Put Americana." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3830/.
Full textTozzola, Matteo. "Analisi del problema dell'assegnamento di task opzionali a stazioni in un processo di assemblaggio mediante algoritmi di clustering: caso studio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17892/.
Full textRESTELLI, ENRICO RINO. "FINANZIAMENTO DELL'IMPRESA E COAZIONE A SOTTOSCRIVERE. GLI AUMENTI DI CAPITALE IPERDILUITIVI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/50308.
Full textIn publicly traded companies, highly dilutive rights issues create market anomalies throughout the whole offer period, especially with respect to rights prices, which quote considerably below their fair value. As pointed out in Chapter I, these anomalies could cause severe losses to non-subscribing shareholders, inducing them to take part in the operation even if financial perspectives of the company would have suggested otherwise (= enforced subscription mechanism). In order to strike a proper balance of enabling companies to raise new capital while simultaneously protecting investors, company law provides an array of regulatory strategies. In this respect, Chapter II analyzes the prohibition on issuing new shares below par value (art. 47, Directive (EU) 2017/1132) as a means to limit the dilution that can be imposed on non-subscribing shareholders, thus hindering opportunistic behaviors. Similarly, Chapter III examines the function and the contents of managers’ liability to investors (art. 2395 Italian c.c.) and discusses whether, in these operations, the illiquidity of rights’ market can be regarded as a restriction of their pre-emption right, imposing that new shares are always issued at their “real” value (art. 2441, par. 5 - 6, Italian c.c.).
RESTELLI, ENRICO RINO. "FINANZIAMENTO DELL'IMPRESA E COAZIONE A SOTTOSCRIVERE. GLI AUMENTI DI CAPITALE IPERDILUITIVI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/50308.
Full textIn publicly traded companies, highly dilutive rights issues create market anomalies throughout the whole offer period, especially with respect to rights prices, which quote considerably below their fair value. As pointed out in Chapter I, these anomalies could cause severe losses to non-subscribing shareholders, inducing them to take part in the operation even if financial perspectives of the company would have suggested otherwise (= enforced subscription mechanism). In order to strike a proper balance of enabling companies to raise new capital while simultaneously protecting investors, company law provides an array of regulatory strategies. In this respect, Chapter II analyzes the prohibition on issuing new shares below par value (art. 47, Directive (EU) 2017/1132) as a means to limit the dilution that can be imposed on non-subscribing shareholders, thus hindering opportunistic behaviors. Similarly, Chapter III examines the function and the contents of managers’ liability to investors (art. 2395 Italian c.c.) and discusses whether, in these operations, the illiquidity of rights’ market can be regarded as a restriction of their pre-emption right, imposing that new shares are always issued at their “real” value (art. 2441, par. 5 - 6, Italian c.c.).